进阶练03 阅读理解A篇及名词性从句专练（新题速递）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解，12篇
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）By the middle of the second day I know I’m in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I’ve already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me.
I’ve put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.
I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “what is painting like ” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.
When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I loved it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili.
1．What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday
A．She can’t reproduce the exact color. B．There are no animals that she can paint.
C．She’s brought the wrong materials with her. D．The weather is not good enough for painting.
2．The writer hid her work because ________.
A．it was only a quick sketch B．it wasn’t good enough to sell
C．she believed Royale painted better D．she thought it would disappoint Royale
3．What does the writer mean by “what I am up to” (in paragraph 3)
A．What I will give him. B．What I am painting.
C．What I am thinking about. D．What I can teach him.
4．What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday
A．Her technique improved much faster. B．The landscape was more familiar to her.
C．She was able to complete a number of paintings. D．The teacher who taught her then was more talented.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在绘画假期期间所遇到的问题，作者无法重新再现确切的颜色。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether.(我想用水彩重现这个场景。虽然我可以用文字来尝试，但要在速写本上画出来完全是另一回事)”可推知，作者遇到的问题是不能够重新再现确切的颜色。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.(我当然不想让一个能做出这种事的人来看我这幅糟糕的画。于是，我尽可能随意地把脚放在旁边那张已经完成的桌子上，我们继续今天早些时候开始的谈话)”可推知，作者认为自己的画很糟糕，因此不想让Royale失望。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “what is painting like ” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.(一开始，他似乎把我当作艺术家同行，一时间我发现自己陷入了深深的尴尬之中。但当他问我：“绘画是什么样子的？”我意识到这位职业艺术家以前从来没有画过任何东西。他只是想试试我的颜色)”可推知，通过Royale的问题可以知道他对作者现在做的事情，即正在绘画什么感兴趣。故“what I am up to”的意思是“我正在画什么”。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. (那一周的第二个要素是地点。我就是在这样的地方长大的，我很快就和那里产生了联系)”可知，作者更熟悉之前的绘画假期所在地方的一些风景。故选B。
（2023上·上海·高三校考阶段练习）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student.
Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.
“It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.”
And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.
Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式).
And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.
5．Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers
A．She is the youngest college student in the UK.
B．She goes to university at a much earlier age.
C．She often gets full marks in maths exams.
D．She loves acting as a university student.
6．From the passage we can learn that _______.
A．Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her
B．Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life
C．Esther asked to go to university even earlier
D．Esther dislikes being taught at home
7．What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius
A．The gene from her family. B．Her course in the university.
C．The criticism from her teachers. D．Her mother’s homeschooling.
8．Esther can be described as a girl who _______.
A．is ambitious and has a clear goal B．is creative and loves exploring the unknown
C．is rebellious but ready to help others D．is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国天才女孩Esther Okade十岁上大学的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student.(但让这位尼日利亚裔英裔女孩脱颖而出的是，她也是一名大学生)”以及第二段中“Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. (Esther来自英国西米德兰兹地区的工业小镇Walsall，是英国最年轻的大一新生之一)”可知，使Okade变得不同的是她上大学的年纪要比别人早得多。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.(为了防止人们认为她的父母强迫她早早上大学，Esther并不这么认为。“其实我7岁的时候就想开始了。但是我妈妈不同意。”经过三年的恳求，埃菲妈妈终于同意了这个想法)”可知，Esther更早的时候就要求上大学了。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.(Esther也不是家里唯一的数学奇迹。她6岁的弟弟Isaiah即将在6月份参加他的第一次A-level考试)”可知，Esther的弟弟也是一个数学天才。由此推知，是基因让她成为一个数学天才的。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中Esther所说“I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.(我想在两年内完成这门课程。然后我打算在13岁的时候攻读金融数学博士学位。我想在15岁的时候拥有自己的银行，因为我喜欢数字，我喜欢人，银行是帮助人们的好方法)”可推知，Esther是一个有理想，有着清晰目标的人。故选A项。
（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）“I’ve had my heart broken more badly by friends, than I have by lovers,” says a friend. “Yet people dismiss the end of a friendship so easily, as if it doesn’t matter as much and isn’t as painful as the break-up of a relationship.”
It was her use of the word “heartbroken” that hit me so hard. Two of the most harmful phrases in the English language are “I am so disappointed in you” and “You broke my heart”. Both, in their own way, are unbearable, emotional daggers (匕首) that are not easily removed.
Friends are the foundation that support our lives, the comfort of long continuity, shared emotional confidences, a shoulder to weep on, a hand to hold, a safe and peaceful place during the breakdown of a relationship or marriage. When those friendships end, our hearts are broken. We will lose all those assurances that we too often take for granted.
And too often, we are even not allowed to mourn (哀悼) it. We all believe friendships fade like the mist as we go our separate ways. We might feel a lingering affection, or a faint sense of loss, but they leave no empty spaces in our lives. I once talked to a woman who mourns the loss of her friends. Years later, the space they had left was still harmful in its loneliness. “But when I try to talk about it, people think I’m being ridiculous. You can always make more friends.”
It is not true and, at heart, we all know it. Friendships require history, layer upon layer of intimacy (亲密) and memory. We might not see friends for months, or even years, but the moment we are back in contact it’s as if time stood still.
I lost a good friend recently. I know, it sounds so careless, but it was, truly, nobody’s fault; simply a set of emotional circumstances that meant we both had to step away. It seemed so sensible, and still does, but what I hadn’t expected was the fierceness of the pain. The phone still rings with calls from other friends but within it there is a weird and unsettling silence because she is not there. My heart is broken, even if I wouldn’t have thought of phrasing it in so dramatic, or perhaps bitter, a way. I know the pain will fade eventually. We might, even, at some time in the future be friends again, but not in the same way. Something has been broken and however skillful the mending, the cracks will still be faintly visible. It is a sharp reminder of how much we should cherish our friendships because it is all too easy to take them for granted and forget how much it means to us when they are lost.
9．According to the author, people will feel heartbroken when friendships end because .
A．people dismiss the end of a friendship too easily
B．“heartbroken” is one of the most harmful words
C．friendships are the basis of a relationship or marriage
D．friends’ supports thought to be always there are lost
10．People believe that ______, but the author doesn’t think so.
A．it is normal for a friendship to end without scars left
B．friendship usually leaves behind a faint sense of loss
C．we needn’t mourn the lingering affection from lost friends
D．long-term friendships can be harmful in its loneliness
11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．The woman wanted to talk about her loss of friends.
B．People thought the woman was being ridiculous.
C．That people can always make more friends is not true.
D．Friendships require history, intimacy and memory.
12．The author talks about her loss of a friendship recently in order to .
A．show how heartbreaking the end of a friendship is
B．appeal to people to cherish their friendships
C．demonstrate the skillful mending of friendships
D．illustrate that friends lost are friends lost forever
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文，人们都认为友谊结束时不会留下痛苦，总能交到更多朋友，但作者不这样认为，友谊需要时间、一层又一层的亲密和记忆，因此失去友谊时令人心碎，最后作者呼吁人们珍惜自己的友谊。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When those friendships end, our hearts are broken. We will lose all those assurances that we too often take for granted.(当这些友谊结束时，我们的心都碎了。我们将失去所有那些我们常常认为理所当然的保证)”可知，友谊结束时人们会感到心碎，是因为朋友之间曾经被认为是理所当然的相互支持消失了，故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet people dismiss the end of a friendship so easily, as if it doesn’t matter as much and isn’t as painful as the break-up of a relationship.(然而，人们总是轻易地忽略一段友谊的结束，好像这并不像一段关系的破裂那么重要，也没有那么痛苦)”可知，人们认为友谊结束时不会留下痛苦，这是正常的，但是作者不这么认为，故选A。
11．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“You can always make more friends.(你总能交到更多的朋友)”和划线词所在句“It is not true and, at heart, we all know it.(这不是真的，我们对此都心知肚明)”可知，主语“It”指代“你总能交到更多的朋友”，作者认为这不是真的，故it指代“人们总能交到更多的朋友，这不是真的”，故选C。
12．推理判断题。最后一段中“It seemed so sensible, and still does, but what I hadn’t expected was the fierceness of the pain.(这似乎是很明智的，现在仍然如此，但我没有预料到的是疼痛的剧烈)”和“My heart is broken(我的心都碎了)”作者提到了自己最近失去一个好朋友后很痛苦，结合“It is a sharp reminder of how much we should cherish our friendships because it is all too easy to take them for granted and forget how much it means to us when they are lost.(这是一个尖锐的提醒，我们应该珍惜我们的友谊，因为我们太容易把他们视为理所当然，忘记了当他们失去的时候，他们对我们意味着什么)”可知，正因为失去朋友很痛苦，所以我们要珍惜友谊，由此可知作者提及自己失去朋友的经历是为了呼吁人们珍惜友谊，故选B。
（2024·上海长宁·统考一模）As Dr. Pedro Jose grows older, he keeps setting his goals higher. He believes people in every walk of life need to constantly stretch for new challenges. His daily juggling act is extremely demanding. He’s a doctor, professor, and volunteer medical director of Saint John Clinic for undocumented immigrants. He still pushes on continuing to publicize his agenda in the media and serving on numerous boards and foundations.
In 2002, Jose was named chairman of the board of the Hispanic Heritage Awards Foundation. The awards recognize Hispanics who make important contributions to life in America.
Jose believes the stories of Hispanic accomplishments can inspire all Americans. He adds, most important, the scholarships are offered by the foundation. Only two-thirds of Hispanics graduate from high school. To help others, you must be able to help yourself, and that begins with education.
Jose has received no shortage of honors of his own, including the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship and the Presidential Service Award. In 1994, Time magazine named him one of the nation’s 50 top leaders under the age of 40. And Hispanic magazine named him Hispanic of the Year in 2002. Jose’s autobiography, Waking Up in America, is now being made into a TV movie, starring Andy Garcia.
Jose’s fervent hope is that the movie will help change people’s attitudes about the homeless. He hopes it will show that beyond the hard label are human beings--people who did not choose to be poor. Homeless people have needs and feelings that are no different from anyone else’s. They need help, not judgment.
Most of all, though, Jose hopes that people will begin to realize the power they have to change things. There should never be another man in Bed 9, who died without anyone even knowing his name. There should never be another Giles Woodson, the man who was burned to death on the streets of Miami.
“As a nation, what makes us great is our individuality. But what makes us truly powerful is when we work together,” says Jose. “If people put their minds to it, this kind of suffering can be solved.”
13．How did Jose help the homeless
A．Volunteered to provide medical service for them. B．Provided good education for them.
C．Set higher goals to face the coming challenges. D．Conducted medical research on them.
14．Why was Jose named the head of the Hispanic Heritage Awards Foundation
A．His success in the medical field inspired Americans.
B．He contributed a lot to helping people in need.
C．He developed good relationships with Hispanics.
D．He found few Hispanics graduated from high school.
15．Why was his autobiography made into a TV movie
A．His foundation provided scholarships for Hispanics.
B．He changed his attitude towards the homeless.
C．He was a role model for Hispanics and other Americans.
D．He had a significant influence on the homeless.
16．What do Jose’s words in the last paragraph imply
A．Be united and we will make the world a better place to live.
B．Governments are responsible for the problem of the homeless.
C．Do bear in mind that the homeless have suffered quite a lot.
D．With rights and power, the homeless can solve their problems.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。佩德罗·何塞博士是一名医生、教授，也是圣约翰无证移民诊所的志愿医疗主任，他是对美国生活做出重要贡献的拉美裔人，获得了诸多荣誉。文章讲述了他的经历。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“He’s a doctor, professor, and volunteer medical director of Saint John Clinic for undocumented immigrants. (他是一名医生、教授，也是圣约翰无证移民诊所的志愿医疗主任。)”可知，何塞通过志愿提供医疗服务帮助无家可归者。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The awards recognize Hispanics who make important contributions to life in America. (该奖项旨在表彰对美国生活做出重要贡献的拉美裔人。)”可知，何塞被任命为拉美裔传统奖基金会的负责人是因为他为帮助有需要的人做了很多贡献。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“In 1994, Time magazine named him one of the nation’s 50 top leaders under the age of 40. And Hispanic magazine named him Hispanic of the Year in 2002. (1994年，《时代》杂志将他评为美国40岁以下50位最高领导人之一。西班牙杂志在2002年将他评为年度西班牙人。)”可知，他的自传被拍成了电视电影是因为他是西班牙裔和其他美国人的榜样。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“As a nation, what makes us great is our individuality. But what makes us truly powerful is when we work together (作为一个民族，使我们伟大的是我们的个性。但真正让我们强大的是我们的共同努力)”和第二句“If people put their minds to it, this kind of suffering can be solved. (如果人们用心去做，这种痛苦是可以解决的。)”可知，最后一段中何塞的话暗示了团结起来，我们将使世界成为一个更美好的居住地。故选A。
（2023·上海虹口·统考一模）The concept of dynamic pricing is simple—and easy for businesses to implement. Whether it’ s a Friday-evening fight, a hotel during the holidays, or a taxi ride in a downpour, we have all been burned by higher-than-normal prices due to excess demand. Raising costs when businesses are busiest is the norm across the travel industry. Perhaps the most well-known example of this is within ride-share companies, which have used surge pricing for years to charge riders when demand for cars rockets relative to the number of drivers available.
Outside travel, online stores are increasingly using this dynamic pricing, too, says Vomberg. “On Amazon. com alone, millions of price changes occur within a day, corresponding to a price change of about every ten minutes for each product. ”While consumers might not always pick up on these variations in price, Vomberg says time-based dynamic pricing will likely become a competitive standard at least in online markets. “AI-enabled tools can suggest the best prices via machine learning algorithms(算法). They can also track and learn competitor and customer responses to price changes,” he says.
Now, surge pricing is happening in stores including bars and supermarkets as well. “Physical businesses are adopting electronic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending on the time of day, stock levels and whether items are approaching their sell-by date,” says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman of the Oxford Education Group. He says this technology is likely to cause prices in bars that use these signs to increase during the rushes of dinner,weekends or holidays,or for supermarkets to adjust prices throughout the day or week,depending on volume of shoppers.
The current economic climate is also driving the need for these pricing technologies. While creating competitive prices is always key to healthy profit margins, Khawaia says dynamic pricing enables businesses to optimise their pricing depending on the financial situations of their customer base. “Businesses can offer discounts during downturns while increasing prices in better off areas,” he says.
The changes, however, may not sit well with consumers. “Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand to more industries and more companies in the long term, but just because a product may be popular does not mean that customers are willing to turn a blind eye to being charged more,” says Khawaja. He adds surge pricing can cause customers to lose faith in a company if they believe they are being overcharged. “Perhaps dynamic pricing of a drink in your favourite pub might be a step too far for loyal customers.”
17．Which of the following best explains “dynamic pricing” in paragraph 1
A．A system of deciding what the prices should be.
B．A means for companies to find target customers.
C．A method that helps promote sharing economy
D．A strategy of offering discounts to attract clients.
18．It can be inferred from Arnd Vomberg’s comments that online stores ________.
A．offer the most competitive prices
B．make profits by changing prices in real time
C．confuse customers by changing prices
D．rely too much on machine learning algorithms
19．According to the passage, why do physical businesses adopt dynamic pricing
A．To match supply and demand during peak hours.
B．To lift customer experience and encourage loyalty.
C．To maintain consistent pricing across all products.
D．To compete with online stores and businesses.
20．Which of the following best predicts how customers may react to the expansion of dynamic pricing
A．Turn to whatever offers the lowest prices.
B．Protest against it for being too annoying.
C．Refuse to give in and are likely to resist.
D．Take it for granted and accept it altogether.
【答案】17．A 18．B 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了什么是“动态定价”，并分析了动态定价产生的原因及其影响。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“The concept of dynamic pricing is simple—and easy for businesses to implement. Whether it’ s a Friday-evening fight, a hotel during the holidays, or a taxi ride in a downpour, we have all been burned by higher-than-normal prices due to excess demand. (动态定价的概念很简单，企业也很容易实现。无论是周五晚上的打架，假期里的酒店，还是倾盆大雨中的出租车，由于需求过剩，我们都被高于正常水平的价格所折磨。)”可知，“动态定价”的核心是决定价格。A项“A system of deciding what the prices should be. (决定价格的体系。)”最能解释“动态定价”。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段““On Amazon. com alone, millions of price changes occur within a day, corresponding to a price change of about every ten minutes for each product. ” (“仅在亚马逊网站上，一天内就会发生数百万次价格变化，相当于每种产品大约每十分钟就会发生一次价格变化。”)”可知，网店通过实时改变价格获利。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段““Physical businesses are adopting electronic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending on the time of day, stock levels and whether items are approaching their sell-by date,” says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman of the Oxford Education Group. (牛津教育集团主席Sarwar Khawaja表示：“实体企业正在采用电子货架标签，可以根据一天中的时间、库存水平以及商品是否接近保质期进行实时价格调整。”)”可知，实体企业采用动态定价是为了满足高峰时段的供应和需求。故选A。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The changes, however, may not sit well with consumers. “Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand to more industries and more companies in the long term, but just because a product may be popular does not mean that customers are willing to turn a blind eye to being charged more,” says Khawaja. (然而，这些变化可能不会让消费者满意。Khawaja说：“从长远来看，动态和激增的定价可能会扩展到更多的行业和公司，但仅仅因为一种产品可能很受欢迎并不意味着客户愿意对收取更多费用视而不见。”)”可知，顾客可能会不满意动态定价，很可能会反抗。故选C。
（2023·上海崇明·统考一模）Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month.
However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today ” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules.
The Office of Letters and Light is the nonprofit behind the event. It believes this carefree approach encourages writers to take imaginative risks and truly enjoy their work. Founded in 1999, the adult version of the event requires only that you commit yourself to making an attempt at novel writing and submitting a novel of 50,000 words, no matter how good or bad they are, by the end of November.
Since 2005, NaNoWriMo has entered many classrooms, including those of National Writing Project teachers, through its Young Writers Program. In addition, teachers receive a classroom kit featuring a progress chart, stickers to mark word counts, and buttons for writers who cross the finish line.
About 1,800 classrooms and 45,000 kids and teens participated last year. The rules for under-18 writers are the same as those for adults. But there is one important exception: young writers can pick their own “reasonable yet challenging” word length. If a student elects to write, say, 18,000 words and achieves this goal in a month, he or she is a winner. Awards include a “handsome winner’s certificate” and a promotional code to receive a free bound proof copy of the finished novel.
The Young Writers Program also facilitates Script Frenzy, a similar scriptwriting (剧本写作) event that happens each April and challenges participants to write a 100-page script in 30 days.
While young writers work primarily as individuals, teachers are also encouraged to write along with them.
21．It can be inferred that students usually ________ after participating in NaNoWriMo.
A．enjoy themselves B．overload themselves C．look courageous D．become distracted
22．By “seat-of-your-pants” in paragraph 2, the author means ________.
A．the novel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards
B．the participants have to stick on their seats for long writing novels
C．the participants are free to write whatever novels they can imagine
D．the novel writing activity needs new rules for participants to follow
23．What can be learned about the rules for adolescent writers
A．They should cross the finish line before participating.
B．They can lengthen the duration of their writing process.
C．They can decide on their novels’ word counts themselves.
D．They should submit novels on their teachers’ recommendation.
24．The passage is mainly aimed at ________.
A．explaining the objectives of an event
B．giving a general introduction to an event
C．illustrating the benefits of novel writing
D．attracting teachers to join a writing program
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．C 24．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了全国小说写作月活动的相关情况，该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力，享受写作的乐趣，充分发挥学生的写作自由。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段的“That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. (首先，这是因为NaNoWriMo旨在为学生带来快乐。)”可知，学生在参加NaNoWriMo后通常会感到开心。故选A。
22．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“it has almost no rules (几乎没有任何规则) ”可知，该小说写作练习没有规则限制学生，结合选项可知，则“参与者可以自由地写任何他们能想到的小说”能够解释seat-of-your-pants。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第五段的“The rules for under-18 writers are the same as those for adults. But there is one important exception: young writers can pick their own “reasonable yet challenging” word length. (年轻作者可以选择自己的合理但具有挑战性的单词数量。)”可知，青少年作者可以自己决定所写的小说的字数。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month. However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today ” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules. (大多数老师布置小说让学生读而不是写。但是全国也有许多老师不仅要求学生读小说，而且给他们一个月的时间来写小说。是的，你没看错：一个月。然而，参加11月全国小说写作月的学生们并没有抱怨过度劳累。相反，他们会问：“我们今天能写小说吗 ” 首先，这是因为NaNoWriMo旨在为学生带来快乐。它是一种“凭感觉”进行的小说写作练习，几乎没有任何规则。)”可知，文章主要讲述了全国小说写作月活动的相关情况，该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力，享受写作的乐趣，充分发挥学生的写作自由，即这篇文章主要是对一场活动做一般性的介绍。故选B。
（2023·上海崇明·统考一模）More than three billion people rely on the ocean to make a living, most of whom are in developing countries. As the global population increases, the demand for seafood is expected to rise, too.
Although ocean ecosystems are stretched to the limit by climate change, overfishing and more, studies nevertheless suggest that seafood can be expanded sustainably to meet future food demands. Success will depend on small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almost everything that hand-to-mouth fisheries catch is consumed. By contrast, around 20% of the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated to be wasted, mainly because of unwanted by-catch.
Small fishers rarely have the right resources to expand their operations, or even to survive. If they do scale up, they might lose some of their current advantages or engage in the same harmful practices as do large commercial fisheries. Managed with care, however, small fisheries could provide win-wins for livelihoods and the environment.
Most nations already have management policies for marine ecosystems that provide for small-scale fisheries. But small-scale fishers’ rights to access are often poorly defined, ineffectively enforced or unfairly distributed (分配). Government subsidies (补贴) also require reform. One estimate found that large-scale fishers receive about 3.5 times more subsidies than small-scale fishers do. Instead, subsidies and other funds should be directed towards small-scale fishers to let them expand their access to markets, while keeping them from adopting the negative practices of large-scale operations.
The total global loss and waste from fisheries is estimated at between 30% and 35% annually primarily due to a lack of technology, good manufacturing practices, and infrastructure such as decent roads and cold storage. Public and private investment in cold-storage facilities and processing equipment could help. One promising strategy is to pair international or national funding with direct contracts for feeding programmes linked to schools, hospitals and similar facilities. Such arrangements would provide small fisheries with large, consistent markets and storage infrastructure that boosts local consumption and does not incentivize (刺激) overfishing.
Moreover, simple incentive programmes could be conducted by funders, managers and local governments trying to promote sustainable fisheries. For example, local markets could display a rating system for individual fishers or small fisheries. This could include various elements of sustainability other than environmental ones — such as providing information on the type of fishing equipment, location of the catch and freshness. Promoting the rating as a social responsibility concept would inform consumers of the need to support sustainable fisheries.
Anyway, only joint problem-solving efforts can deliver seafood protein, sustainably, to a world that increasingly needs it.
25．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．small fisheries can help the world if managed with care
B．the global demand for seafood is increasing dramatically
C．small-scale fisheries need to be commercialised urgently
D．people in developing countries are more reliable on fishing
26．Small-scale fisheries are more efficient because ________.
A．what they catch is hardly wasted B．their by-catch accounts for a larger share
C．they catch fish by industrial means D．their operation is limited within a small area
27．What can be inferred about small fisheries’ current situation
A．They gain no support from governments. B．They are expanding to meet local demands.
C．They have little access to good resources. D．They impact marine ecosystems negatively.
28．To promote sustainable fisheries, which of the following is one of the author’s suggestions
A．To initiate a rating system for small fishers to evaluate the local markets.
B．To provide technology for small fisheries to boost their fishing efficiency.
C．To inspire a sense of social responsibility in large-scale fishers and consumers.
D．To facilitate direct cooperation between small fisheries and feeding programmes.
【答案】25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如果管理得当，小型渔业可以帮助世界。文章解释了小型渔业效率更高，因为他们捕获的东西几乎不会被浪费，但其生存也存在一些挑战，作者对此也给出了建议。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Although ocean ecosystems are stretched to the limit by climate change, overfishing and more, studies nevertheless suggest that seafood can be expanded sustainably to meet future food demands. Success will depend on small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almost everything that hand-to-mouth fisheries catch is consumed. By contrast, around 20% of the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated to be wasted, mainly because of unwanted by-catch.(尽管由于气候变化、过度捕捞等原因，海洋生态系统已经达到极限，但研究表明，海产品可以可持续地扩大，以满足未来的粮食需求。成功与否将取决于小规模渔业。这些渔场非常有效率。几乎所有的人工捕捞的渔获物被消耗掉。相比之下，据估计，工业船只捕获的鱼中约有20%被浪费了，主要是由于不必要的副渔获物)”结合文章解释了小型渔业效率更高，因为他们捕获的东西几乎不会被浪费，但其生存也存在一些挑战，作者对此也给出了建议。可知，这篇文章主要告诉我们，如果管理得当，小型渔业可以帮助世界。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Success will depend on small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almost everything that hand-to-mouth fisheries catch is consumed. By contrast, around 20% of the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated to be wasted, mainly because of unwanted by-catch.(成功与否将取决于小规模渔业。这些渔场非常有效率。几乎所有的人工捕捞的渔获物被消耗掉。相比之下，据估计，工业船只捕获的鱼中约有20%被浪费了，主要是由于不必要的副渔获物)”可知，小规模渔业效率更高，因为他们捕获的东西几乎不会被浪费。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Small fishers rarely have the right resources to expand their operations, or even to survive. If they do scale up, they might lose some of their current advantages or engage in the same harmful practices as do large commercial fisheries.(小渔民很少有适当的资源来扩大他们的业务，甚至生存。如果它们确实扩大规模，它们可能会失去目前的一些优势，或者从事与大型商业渔业相同的有害做法)”和第四段“One estimate found that large-scale fishers receive about 3.5 times more subsidies than small-scale fishers do.(一项估计发现，大型渔民获得的补贴大约是小型渔民的3.5倍)”可知，小型渔场的现状是很少有机会获得好的资源。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“One promising strategy is to pair international or national funding with direct contracts for feeding programmes linked to schools, hospitals and similar facilities.(一个有希望的策略是将国际或国家资助与与学校、医院和类似设施有关的供餐计划的直接合同结合起来)”可知，为了促进可持续渔业，作者建议促进小型渔业和供餐项目之间的直接合作。故选D。
（2024·上海长宁·统考一模）When I volunteered as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing country, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I imagined conducting intake interviews and walking around from organization to organization seeking support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me.
I arrived full of zeal. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from which I had expected. The coordinator explained that the shelter’s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator’s confidence to keep me afloat.
They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I began finding recipes and using the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, printing leaflets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house.
In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough (揉面团) side by side, I shared in the friendly atmosphere of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women’s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women a sense of pride and the confidence that they had the capability to support themselves.
Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all expected, but one that proved very successful. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.
29．The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author .
A．was shocked by the reality
B．broadened the scope of her work
C．developed her abilities to run a for-profit enterprise
D．handled a tough situation in a developing country
30．The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal” indicates that she was .
A．anxious and insecure B．confident but uninformed
C．eager and interested D．enthusiastic but incompetent
31．Why was the author initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery
A．She considered it from a theoretical point of view.
B．She hoped to get a leadership position in the bakery.
C．She wanted to show her baking skills to her new coordinator.
D．She believed it is a good way to raise women’s self-esteem.
32．What did the last sentence (“Learning ... dough”) indicate
A．The author underestimated her abilities to learn new skills.
B．The author derived benefit from her work by helping others.
C．The author lacked self-confidence as much as the women working with her.
D．The author found performing social work surprisingly easy with no education.
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个发展中国家的家庭暴力庇护所担任志愿者的经历，她一开始满怀期待，想大展拳脚去帮助那些女性，但不久便发现自己的想法不切实际。在协调员的安排下，她开始着手经营面包店，虽然面临很大的困难，但是在协调员的鼓励以及朋友的帮助下，面包店的事业成功了，真正帮助到了这里的女性。
29．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕作者在发展中国家的家庭暴力庇护所担任志愿者的经历展开，讲述了她从满怀期待到发现自己的想法不切实际，再到着手经营面包店，解决难题，取得成功，真正帮助到了这里的女性的故事。由此可知，文章的主要目的是展示作者是如何扩大她的工作范围的。故选B项。
30．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me. (当我到达时，我觉得我已经有了几个月的经验，这些经验是我在假想的情况下获得的，然后我独自解决了。我觉得自己已经做好了充分的准备，可以应对我认为正在等着我的局面)”可知，作者在达到的时候对自己满怀信心，觉得自己有充足的准备可以解决难题。由此推知，此处指她满怀热情地来到这里，full of zeal意思应该是“充满热情且很有兴趣”。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. (我立刻对这个项目产生了热情，并参考了我在大学里研究过的小企业案例。作为对我热情洋溢的反应的回应，协调员宣布我负责面包店。在那一刻，我准备烤面包，就像我准备竞选政治职位一样)”可知，作者最初热衷于面包店的想法，是因为她从理论的角度考虑了这个项目，觉得自己可以成功。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据全文最后一句“Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough. (学习烘焙给了我新的自信，就像它给了那些女人一样，我发现有时候高质量的社会工作就像揉面团一样简单)”可知，经营面包店获得成功，真正帮助了那些女人，让作者获得了自信。由此可知，作者通过帮助别人从她的工作中获益。故选B项。
（2023上·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考期中）She is the doyenne (女长老) of crime writing, who invented the much-loved Belgian detective Poirot and amateur English detective Miss Marple, as well as writing England’s longest-running play, The Mousetrap. Now Agatha Christie has been officially recognized as the best ever crime writer, in a poll conducted by the Crime Writers’ Association(CWA).
Christie’s 1926 novel, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, whose innovative twist-in-the-tale helped to shape the crime genre, also won the prize of best ever crime novel.
Alison Joseph, CWA chair, said: “We thought it might be different this time, but Christie just is the best. Her writing has such a strong sense of place, she really knows her characters, and they’re such beautifully-structured stories. When you're reading a crime story, you want in the end to close the book and walk away with a sense of completion.”
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s collection of Sherlock Holmes novels was voted best ever crime series in the poll, which was held to mark 60 years of the CWA．The last time such a vote was taken by crime writers was in 1998, when Raymond Chandler was crowned as the best writer. The Nine Tailors by Dorothy L Sayers was chosen as best novel, and Chandler's Philip Marlowe books took best series.
Not everyone was satisfied with the outcome of the poll. Maxim Jakubowski, a CWA member who set up Murder One, the specialist crime bookshop which he ran for 20 years until its closure in 2009, said: “I’m slightly surprised and disappointed. It seems to be a retreat to a safe form. Of course we crime writers all worship Christie, but with all due respect, crime fiction has moved on: there are the inheritors of Thomas Harris’s Silence of the Lambs serial-killer crime, some of whom are unfortunately formulaic, and there is crime fiction with a strong social conscience --- that didn’t exist in Christie’s day. I’m thinking of writers like Dennis Lehane, John Harvey, Walter Mosley, George Pelecanos...”
However, Joseph defended Christie's social sensibility. “She is actually very sympathetic to why a person would commit murder, and at the point when we find out what happens there is the feeling that under these circumstances, it might be any of us.”
Christie, who died in 1976, wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short-story collections. The Christie estate this year commissioned the first new Poirot novel, to be written by Sophie Hannah for publication next September.
33．According to the chair of CWA, for readers, a successful good crime story should finally ________.
A．have a strong sense of place B．contain familiar characters
C．be beautifully structured D．provide a sense of completion
34．The poll was conducted to ________.
A．recognize Christie’s contribution B．celebrate 60 years of CWA
C．honor some famous crime writers D．promote classic crime stories
35．Why is Maxim Jakubowski surprised and disappointed at the result
A．Because Christie’s works use safe forms and are out of date.
B．Because crime fiction has moved on and has new features.
C．Because some of the crime writers are unfortunately formulaic.
D．Because a strong social conscience didn't exist in Christie's day.
36．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．The Mousetrap by Agatha Christie is England's longest-running play
B．Agatha Christie is always the best writer in the votes held by CWA．
C．Christie thought anyone might commit murder in certain conditions.
D．Christie asked Sophie Hannah to write the first new Poirot novel.
【答案】33．D 34．B 35．B 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了犯罪写作界的元老阿加莎·克里斯蒂的成就以及大家对她的评价。
33．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Alison Joseph, CWA chair, said: “We thought it might be different this time, but Christie just is the best. Her writing has such a strong sense of place, she really knows her characters, and they're such beautifully-structured stories. When you’re reading a crime story, you want in the end to close the book and walk away with a sense of completion.” (CWA主席艾莉森·约瑟夫说:“我们认为这次可能会有所不同，但佳士得是最好的。她的作品有很强的地方感，她真的很了解她的人物，他们是如此美丽的故事结构。当你在读一本犯罪小说时，你希望最后合上书，带着一种完成感离开。”)”可知，CWA主席艾莉森·约瑟夫认为对于读者来说，一个成功的好犯罪故事最终应该提供一种完整感 。故选D。
34．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s collection of Sherlock Holmes novels was voted best ever crime series in the poll, which was held to mark 60 years of the CWA. (在此次为纪念CWA成立60周年而举行的调查中，阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士的《福尔摩斯探案集》被评为有史以来最好的犯罪系列小说。)”可知，投票是因为庆祝CWA成立60周年。故选B。
35．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“I’m slightly surprised and disappointed. It seems to be a retreat to a safe form. Of course we crime writers all worship Christie, but with all due respect, crime fiction has moved on (我有点惊讶和失望。这似乎是一种向安全形式的撤退。当然，我们犯罪小说作家都崇拜克里斯蒂，但恕我直言，犯罪小说已经在向前发展)”可知，马克西姆·雅库博夫斯基对结果感到惊讶和失望，是因为他认为因为犯罪小说已经向前发展，有了新的特点。故选B。
36．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“She is the doyenne (女长老) of crime writing, who invented the much-loved Belgian detective Poirot and amateur English detective Miss Marple, as well as writing England's longest-running play, The Mousetrap. (她是犯罪写作界的元老，她创造了深受喜爱的比利时侦探波洛和英国业余侦探马普尔小姐，还创作了英国最长的戏剧《捕鼠器》。)”可知，阿加莎·克里斯蒂的《捕鼠器》是英国历史最长的剧目。故选A。
（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）On 15th June 1996, a huge bomb in Manchester, in the north-west of England, destroyed the city centre, causing nearly a billion pounds’ worth of damage. The bomb, which had been planted by a terrorist group called the IRA, injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA．
Manchester had already undergone some changes as it recovered from the economic depression of the early 1990s that had destroyed much of its industry and created large-scale unemployment. It had won the right to host the Commonwealth Games (a large sporting event) and redeveloped some deserted areas through the building of the National Velodrome, an exhibition centre and an award-winning concert hall. However, at the time of the bombing, the city centre was still badly neglected — dominated by the Arndale Shopping Centre (once described as looking like an enormous public toilet) and squares that were run-down and affected by drug addiction. So, dreadful though the bombing was, it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.
Within weeks of the explosion, the government had set up a public-private company to manage the recovery and launched an international competition to design the redevelopment. The winning plan involved restoring the historic buildings that had been damaged, tearing down and rebuilding some of the ugly buildings, creating new public spaces and improving life for pedestrians. Alongside this, the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system, making access to the centre easier. Since these improvements, the city has attempted to boost tourism by using some of the city’s historical sites for major public events and by creating the Urbis building, which now houses the National Museum of Football. In turn, these changes have been key in attracting new investors, such as the Qatari royal family who own Manchester City Football Club.
Since 1996, the Manchester economy has grown in all areas. However, there are some concerns that inequality has also increased. Nor are all the new spaces appreciated. One new garden square designed by an international architect was rated as the worst attraction in the city. Others argue that in changing market stalls and industry for luxury consumption and glass buildings, the city has lost some of its soul.
37．What does the word “evacuate” (paragraph 1)most probably mean
A．Looking for something in a place. B．Estimate the losses in a ruined place.
C．Remove people from a place of danger. D．Determine a numerical value of a place.
38．What does the writer say about the 1996 IRA bombing
A．It presented an unexpected opportunity for Manchester.
B．It destroyed the city centre that used to be busy and crowded.
C．It resulted in a lot of people getting hurt or killed in Manchester.
D．It cost Manchester its chance to host the Commonwealth Games.
39．What did Manchester do for its recovery
A．It set up Manchester City Football Club.
B．It organised an international competition to attract new investors.
C．It tore down some historical sites to make room for public events.
D．It developed a public traffic system to make the city center more accessible.
40．What is the passage mainly about
A．Damage Manchester suffered due to the IRA bombing.
B．The IRA bombing in Manchester and its consequences.
C．Challenges related to the redevelopment of Manchester.
D．The long-term effects of the changes made in Manchester.
【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1996年爱尔兰共和军恐怖组织在曼彻斯特投下了一枚炸弹，这次事件实际上给曼彻斯特提供了一个重新发展的机会。
37．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The bomb, which had been planted by a terrorist group called the IRA, injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA.(这枚炸弹是由一个名为“爱尔兰共和军”的恐怖组织安放的，造成200多人受伤，但引人注目的是没有造成人员死亡，因为警方在爱尔兰共和军发出警告后已经evacuated该地区)”可知，这没炸弹没有造成人员死亡，这是因为警方在爱尔兰共和军发出警告后将该地区的人员进行了疏散。由此推知，单词evacuate意为“疏散”，与C项“把人们从危险的地方带走”意思接近。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“So, dreadful though the bombing was, it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.(因此，尽管爆炸很可怕，但它实际上提供了一个重新开始的机会，否则可能不会发生这种情况)”可知，1996年爱尔兰共和军爆炸案给曼彻斯特带来了一个意想不到的机会。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alongside this, the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system, making access to the centre easier.(与此同时，政府通过改变一些主要道路的方向，减少了市中心的交通量，并开发了一个综合公共交通系统，使前往市中心更加容易)”可知，曼彻斯特为了它的复苏，发展了一个公共交通系统，使城市中心更容易到达。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，由其是第一段“On 15th June 1996, a huge bomb in Manchester, in the north-west of England, destroyed the city centre, causing nearly a billion pounds’ worth of damage. The bomb, which had been planted by a terrorist group called the IRA, injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA.(1996年6月15日，在英格兰西北部的曼彻斯特，一颗巨大的炸弹摧毁了市中心，造成了近10亿英镑的损失。这枚炸弹是由一个名为“爱尔兰共和军”的恐怖组织安放的，造成200多人受伤，但引人注目的是没有造成人员死亡，因为警方在爱尔兰共和军发出警告后已经疏散了该地区)”和第二段中“So, dreadful though the bombing was, it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.(因此，尽管爆炸很可怕，但它实际上提供了一个重新开始的机会，否则可能不会发生这种情况)”可知，文章主要介绍了1996年爱尔兰共和军恐怖组织在曼彻斯特投下了一枚炸弹，这次事件实际上给曼彻斯特提供了一个重新发展的机会。由此可知，文章主要介绍了爱尔兰共和军在曼彻斯特的爆炸及其产生的影响。故选B。
（2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中）Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home.
The set of three short episodes, entitled Escape from the British Museum, shows the teapot turning into a young woman in a green dress, who then engages a London-based Chinese journalist to help her reunite with her family.
It appears to have struck a chord in China after first being released by independent vloggers on Douyin, China’s equivalent to TikTok. By Monday evening, it had reportedly racked up more than 310 million views.
The plot line taps into growing Chinese criticism of the British Museum after reports last month that more than 1,500 priceless objects, including gold jewelry, semi-precious stones and glass, were missing, stolen or damaged.
In August the state media tabloid Global Times called for the return of Chinese artefacts from the museum “free of charge” in the wake of the controversy.
“The huge loopholes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said.
⑦It strongly supported the video series for touching on a “powerful message” about the importance of cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese people’s yearning for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics”.
In a further jibe at the museum, it interpreted the jade teapot’s surprise at the size of the journalist’s residence as depicting the “casual attitude of the British Museum toward Chinese cultural relics, as many of them are crammed into one cabinet for exhibition”.
State broadcaster CCTV also gave the short films a glowing review saying: “We are very pleased to see Chinese young people are passionate about history and tradition… We are also looking forward to the early return of Chinese artefacts that have been displaced overseas.”
The museum scandal made headlines around the world and revived earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics.
The new three-part show has unleashed a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square.
41．What excuse does Britain give for keeping other nations’ cultural objects in its museum
A．It has taken possession of these objects by all lawful means.
B．These objects may come to life, flee their countries and go viral.
C．These objects are safer and taken better care of in its museum.
D．It is requested by other nations to protect their cultural objects.
42．What does the underlined word “repatriation” (Para. 7) probably mean
A．Repair. B．Reflection. C．Return. D．Reserve.
43．Which can we infer from the passage
A．A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series.
B．The museum’s flawed management and security systems are involved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later.
D．China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal.
44．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects.
B．To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot.
C．To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad.
D．To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition.
【答案】41．C 42．C 43．D 44．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。
41．推理判断题。根据第六段中“The huge loopholes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’ (这一丑闻暴露出大英博物馆在文物管理和安全方面的巨大漏洞，导致长期以来广为流传的“外国文物在大英博物馆得到更好的保护”的说法破灭。)”可推知，英国把其他国家的文物存放在自己的博物馆里的理由之一是，它声称这些文物在它的博物馆里更安全，能得到了更好的照顾。故选C项。
42．词句猜测题。根据上文可知，大英博物馆收藏了许多属于中国的文物，结合常识和划线词所在句“Chinese people’s yearning for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.(中国人民渴望中国文物的repatriation。)”中“Chinese people’s yearning for”可推知，中国人民渴望着这些珍贵文物的“回归”。划线词repatriation与return同义。故选C项。
43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The museum scandal made headlines around the world and revived earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声。)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选D项。
44．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral (从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于逃跑的玉壶的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B项。
（2023上·上海松江·高三统考期末）Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.
Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.
That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.
The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.
Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.
45．We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .
A．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for them
B．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predicted
C．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of them
D．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems
46．What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics
A．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.
B．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.
C．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.
D．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.
47．According to the passage, the obstacle to phage treatment is that .
A．there i进阶练03 阅读理解A篇及名词性从句专练（新题速递）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解，12篇
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）By the middle of the second day I know I’m in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I’ve already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me.
I’ve put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.
I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “what is painting like ” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.
When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I loved it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili.
1．What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday
A．She can’t reproduce the exact color. B．There are no animals that she can paint.
C．She’s brought the wrong materials with her. D．The weather is not good enough for painting.
2．The writer hid her work because ________.
A．it was only a quick sketch B．it wasn’t good enough to sell
C．she believed Royale painted better D．she thought it would disappoint Royale
3．What does the writer mean by “what I am up to” (in paragraph 3)
A．What I will give him. B．What I am painting.
C．What I am thinking about. D．What I can teach him.
4．What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday
A．Her technique improved much faster. B．The landscape was more familiar to her.
C．She was able to complete a number of paintings. D．The teacher who taught her then was more talented.
（2023上·上海·高三校考阶段练习）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from “Frozen”, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she’s also a university student.
Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK’s West Midlands region, is one of the country’s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.
“It’s so interesting and super easy,” she laughs. “My mum taught me in a nice way.” She adds: “I want to finish the course in two years. Then I’m going to do my PhD in financial maths when I’m 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I’m 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people.”
And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. “I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn’t agree.” After three years of begging, Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.
Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter’s gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther’s parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn’t let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra (代数学) and quadratic equations (二次方程式).
And Esther isn’t the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.
5．Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers
A．She is the youngest college student in the UK.
B．She goes to university at a much earlier age.
C．She often gets full marks in maths exams.
D．She loves acting as a university student.
6．From the passage we can learn that _______.
A．Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her
B．Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life
C．Esther asked to go to university even earlier
D．Esther dislikes being taught at home
7．What might be a main factor that has led to Esther’s being a maths genius
A．The gene from her family. B．Her course in the university.
C．The criticism from her teachers. D．Her mother’s homeschooling.
8．Esther can be described as a girl who _______.
A．is ambitious and has a clear goal B．is creative and loves exploring the unknown
C．is rebellious but ready to help others D．is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself
（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）“I’ve had my heart broken more badly by friends, than I have by lovers,” says a friend. “Yet people dismiss the end of a friendship so easily, as if it doesn’t matter as much and isn’t as painful as the break-up of a relationship.”
It was her use of the word “heartbroken” that hit me so hard. Two of the most harmful phrases in the English language are “I am so disappointed in you” and “You broke my heart”. Both, in their own way, are unbearable, emotional daggers (匕首) that are not easily removed.
Friends are the foundation that support our lives, the comfort of long continuity, shared emotional confidences, a shoulder to weep on, a hand to hold, a safe and peaceful place during the breakdown of a relationship or marriage. When those friendships end, our hearts are broken. We will lose all those assurances that we too often take for granted.
And too often, we are even not allowed to mourn (哀悼) it. We all believe friendships fade like the mist as we go our separate ways. We might feel a lingering affection, or a faint sense of loss, but they leave no empty spaces in our lives. I once talked to a woman who mourns the loss of her friends. Years later, the space they had left was still harmful in its loneliness. “But when I try to talk about it, people think I’m being ridiculous. You can always make more friends.”
It is not true and, at heart, we all know it. Friendships require history, layer upon layer of intimacy (亲密) and memory. We might not see friends for months, or even years, but the moment we are back in contact it’s as if time stood still.
I lost a good friend recently. I know, it sounds so careless, but it was, truly, nobody’s fault; simply a set of emotional circumstances that meant we both had to step away. It seemed so sensible, and still does, but what I hadn’t expected was the fierceness of the pain. The phone still rings with calls from other friends but within it there is a weird and unsettling silence because she is not there. My heart is broken, even if I wouldn’t have thought of phrasing it in so dramatic, or perhaps bitter, a way. I know the pain will fade eventually. We might, even, at some time in the future be friends again, but not in the same way. Something has been broken and however skillful the mending, the cracks will still be faintly visible. It is a sharp reminder of how much we should cherish our friendships because it is all too easy to take them for granted and forget how much it means to us when they are lost.
9．According to the author, people will feel heartbroken when friendships end because .
A．people dismiss the end of a friendship too easily
B．“heartbroken” is one of the most harmful words
C．friendships are the basis of a relationship or marriage
D．friends’ supports thought to be always there are lost
10．People believe that ______, but the author doesn’t think so.
A．it is normal for a friendship to end without scars left
B．friendship usually leaves behind a faint sense of loss
C．we needn’t mourn the lingering affection from lost friends
D．long-term friendships can be harmful in its loneliness
11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．The woman wanted to talk about her loss of friends.
B．People thought the woman was being ridiculous.
C．That people can always make more friends is not true.
D．Friendships require history, intimacy and memory.
12．The author talks about her loss of a friendship recently in order to .
A．show how heartbreaking the end of a friendship is
B．appeal to people to cherish their friendships
C．demonstrate the skillful mending of friendships
D．illustrate that friends lost are friends lost forever
（2024·上海长宁·统考一模）As Dr. Pedro Jose grows older, he keeps setting his goals higher. He believes people in every walk of life need to constantly stretch for new challenges. His daily juggling act is extremely demanding. He’s a doctor, professor, and volunteer medical director of Saint John Clinic for undocumented immigrants. He still pushes on continuing to publicize his agenda in the media and serving on numerous boards and foundations.
In 2002, Jose was named chairman of the board of the Hispanic Heritage Awards Foundation. The awards recognize Hispanics who make important contributions to life in America.
Jose believes the stories of Hispanic accomplishments can inspire all Americans. He adds, most important, the scholarships are offered by the foundation. Only two-thirds of Hispanics graduate from high school. To help others, you must be able to help yourself, and that begins with education.
Jose has received no shortage of honors of his own, including the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship and the Presidential Service Award. In 1994, Time magazine named him one of the nation’s 50 top leaders under the age of 40. And Hispanic magazine named him Hispanic of the Year in 2002. Jose’s autobiography, Waking Up in America, is now being made into a TV movie, starring Andy Garcia.
Jose’s fervent hope is that the movie will help change people’s attitudes about the homeless. He hopes it will show that beyond the hard label are human beings--people who did not choose to be poor. Homeless people have needs and feelings that are no different from anyone else’s. They need help, not judgment.
Most of all, though, Jose hopes that people will begin to realize the power they have to change things. There should never be another man in Bed 9, who died without anyone even knowing his name. There should never be another Giles Woodson, the man who was burned to death on the streets of Miami.
“As a nation, what makes us great is our individuality. But what makes us truly powerful is when we work together,” says Jose. “If people put their minds to it, this kind of suffering can be solved.”
13．How did Jose help the homeless
A．Volunteered to provide medical service for them. B．Provided good education for them.
C．Set higher goals to face the coming challenges. D．Conducted medical research on them.
14．Why was Jose named the head of the Hispanic Heritage Awards Foundation
A．His success in the medical field inspired Americans.
B．He contributed a lot to helping people in need.
C．He developed good relationships with Hispanics.
D．He found few Hispanics graduated from high school.
15．Why was his autobiography made into a TV movie
A．His foundation provided scholarships for Hispanics.
B．He changed his attitude towards the homeless.
C．He was a role model for Hispanics and other Americans.
D．He had a significant influence on the homeless.
16．What do Jose’s words in the last paragraph imply
A．Be united and we will make the world a better place to live.
B．Governments are responsible for the problem of the homeless.
C．Do bear in mind that the homeless have suffered quite a lot.
D．With rights and power, the homeless can solve their problems.
（2023·上海虹口·统考一模）The concept of dynamic pricing is simple—and easy for businesses to implement. Whether it’ s a Friday-evening fight, a hotel during the holidays, or a taxi ride in a downpour, we have all been burned by higher-than-normal prices due to excess demand. Raising costs when businesses are busiest is the norm across the travel industry. Perhaps the most well-known example of this is within ride-share companies, which have used surge pricing for years to charge riders when demand for cars rockets relative to the number of drivers available.
Outside travel, online stores are increasingly using this dynamic pricing, too, says Vomberg. “On Amazon. com alone, millions of price changes occur within a day, corresponding to a price change of about every ten minutes for each product. ”While consumers might not always pick up on these variations in price, Vomberg says time-based dynamic pricing will likely become a competitive standard at least in online markets. “AI-enabled tools can suggest the best prices via machine learning algorithms(算法). They can also track and learn competitor and customer responses to price changes,” he says.
Now, surge pricing is happening in stores including bars and supermarkets as well. “Physical businesses are adopting electronic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending on the time of day, stock levels and whether items are approaching their sell-by date,” says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman of the Oxford Education Group. He says this technology is likely to cause prices in bars that use these signs to increase during the rushes of dinner,weekends or holidays,or for supermarkets to adjust prices throughout the day or week,depending on volume of shoppers.
The current economic climate is also driving the need for these pricing technologies. While creating competitive prices is always key to healthy profit margins, Khawaia says dynamic pricing enables businesses to optimise their pricing depending on the financial situations of their customer base. “Businesses can offer discounts during downturns while increasing prices in better off areas,” he says.
The changes, however, may not sit well with consumers. “Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand to more industries and more companies in the long term, but just because a product may be popular does not mean that customers are willing to turn a blind eye to being charged more,” says Khawaja. He adds surge pricing can cause customers to lose faith in a company if they believe they are being overcharged. “Perhaps dynamic pricing of a drink in your favourite pub might be a step too far for loyal customers.”
17．Which of the following best explains “dynamic pricing” in paragraph 1
A．A system of deciding what the prices should be.
B．A means for companies to find target customers.
C．A method that helps promote sharing economy
D．A strategy of offering discounts to attract clients.
18．It can be inferred from Arnd Vomberg’s comments that online stores ________.
A．offer the most competitive prices
B．make profits by changing prices in real time
C．confuse customers by changing prices
D．rely too much on machine learning algorithms
19．According to the passage, why do physical businesses adopt dynamic pricing
A．To match supply and demand during peak hours.
B．To lift customer experience and encourage loyalty.
C．To maintain consistent pricing across all products.
D．To compete with online stores and businesses.
20．Which of the following best predicts how customers may react to the expansion of dynamic pricing
A．Turn to whatever offers the lowest prices.
B．Protest against it for being too annoying.
C．Refuse to give in and are likely to resist.
D．Take it for granted and accept it altogether.
（2023·上海崇明·统考一模）Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month.
However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today ” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules.
The Office of Letters and Light is the nonprofit behind the event. It believes this carefree approach encourages writers to take imaginative risks and truly enjoy their work. Founded in 1999, the adult version of the event requires only that you commit yourself to making an attempt at novel writing and submitting a novel of 50,000 words, no matter how good or bad they are, by the end of November.
Since 2005, NaNoWriMo has entered many classrooms, including those of National Writing Project teachers, through its Young Writers Program. In addition, teachers receive a classroom kit featuring a progress chart, stickers to mark word counts, and buttons for writers who cross the finish line.
About 1,800 classrooms and 45,000 kids and teens participated last year. The rules for under-18 writers are the same as those for adults. But there is one important exception: young writers can pick their own “reasonable yet challenging” word length. If a student elects to write, say, 18,000 words and achieves this goal in a month, he or she is a winner. Awards include a “handsome winner’s certificate” and a promotional code to receive a free bound proof copy of the finished novel.
The Young Writers Program also facilitates Script Frenzy, a similar scriptwriting (剧本写作) event that happens each April and challenges participants to write a 100-page script in 30 days.
While young writers work primarily as individuals, teachers are also encouraged to write along with them.
21．It can be inferred that students usually ________ after participating in NaNoWriMo.
A．enjoy themselves B．overload themselves C．look courageous D．become distracted
22．By “seat-of-your-pants” in paragraph 2, the author means ________.
A．the novel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards
B．the participants have to stick on their seats for long writing novels
C．the participants are free to write whatever novels they can imagine
D．the novel writing activity needs new rules for participants to follow
23．What can be learned about the rules for adolescent writers
A．They should cross the finish line before participating.
B．They can lengthen the duration of their writing process.
C．They can decide on their novels’ word counts themselves.
D．They should submit novels on their teachers’ recommendation.
24．The passage is mainly aimed at ________.
A．explaining the objectives of an event
B．giving a general introduction to an event
C．illustrating the benefits of novel writing
D．attracting teachers to join a writing program
（2023·上海崇明·统考一模）More than three billion people rely on the ocean to make a living, most of whom are in developing countries. As the global population increases, the demand for seafood is expected to rise, too.
Although ocean ecosystems are stretched to the limit by climate change, overfishing and more, studies nevertheless suggest that seafood can be expanded sustainably to meet future food demands. Success will depend on small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almost everything that hand-to-mouth fisheries catch is consumed. By contrast, around 20% of the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated to be wasted, mainly because of unwanted by-catch.
Small fishers rarely have the right resources to expand their operations, or even to survive. If they do scale up, they might lose some of their current advantages or engage in the same harmful practices as do large commercial fisheries. Managed with care, however, small fisheries could provide win-wins for livelihoods and the environment.
Most nations already have management policies for marine ecosystems that provide for small-scale fisheries. But small-scale fishers’ rights to access are often poorly defined, ineffectively enforced or unfairly distributed (分配). Government subsidies (补贴) also require reform. One estimate found that large-scale fishers receive about 3.5 times more subsidies than small-scale fishers do. Instead, subsidies and other funds should be directed towards small-scale fishers to let them expand their access to markets, while keeping them from adopting the negative practices of large-scale operations.
The total global loss and waste from fisheries is estimated at between 30% and 35% annually primarily due to a lack of technology, good manufacturing practices, and infrastructure such as decent roads and cold storage. Public and private investment in cold-storage facilities and processing equipment could help. One promising strategy is to pair international or national funding with direct contracts for feeding programmes linked to schools, hospitals and similar facilities. Such arrangements would provide small fisheries with large, consistent markets and storage infrastructure that boosts local consumption and does not incentivize (刺激) overfishing.
Moreover, simple incentive programmes could be conducted by funders, managers and local governments trying to promote sustainable fisheries. For example, local markets could display a rating system for individual fishers or small fisheries. This could include various elements of sustainability other than environmental ones — such as providing information on the type of fishing equipment, location of the catch and freshness. Promoting the rating as a social responsibility concept would inform consumers of the need to support sustainable fisheries.
Anyway, only joint problem-solving efforts can deliver seafood protein, sustainably, to a world that increasingly needs it.
25．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．small fisheries can help the world if managed with care
B．the global demand for seafood is increasing dramatically
C．small-scale fisheries need to be commercialised urgently
D．people in developing countries are more reliable on fishing
26．Small-scale fisheries are more efficient because ________.
A．what they catch is hardly wasted B．their by-catch accounts for a larger share
C．they catch fish by industrial means D．their operation is limited within a small area
27．What can be inferred about small fisheries’ current situation
A．They gain no support from governments. B．They are expanding to meet local demands.
C．They have little access to good resources. D．They impact marine ecosystems negatively.
28．To promote sustainable fisheries, which of the following is one of the author’s suggestions
A．To initiate a rating system for small fishers to evaluate the local markets.
B．To provide technology for small fisheries to boost their fishing efficiency.
C．To inspire a sense of social responsibility in large-scale fishers and consumers.
D．To facilitate direct cooperation between small fisheries and feeding programmes.
（2024·上海长宁·统考一模）When I volunteered as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing country, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I imagined conducting intake interviews and walking around from organization to organization seeking support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me.
I arrived full of zeal. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from which I had expected. The coordinator explained that the shelter’s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator’s confidence to keep me afloat.
They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I began finding recipes and using the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, printing leaflets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house.
In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough (揉面团) side by side, I shared in the friendly atmosphere of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women’s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women a sense of pride and the confidence that they had the capability to support themselves.
Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all expected, but one that proved very successful. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.
29．The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author .
A．was shocked by the reality
B．broadened the scope of her work
C．developed her abilities to run a for-profit enterprise
D．handled a tough situation in a developing country
30．The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal” indicates that she was .
A．anxious and insecure B．confident but uninformed
C．eager and interested D．enthusiastic but incompetent
31．Why was the author initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery
A．She considered it from a theoretical point of view.
B．She hoped to get a leadership position in the bakery.
C．She wanted to show her baking skills to her new coordinator.
D．She believed it is a good way to raise women’s self-esteem.
32．What did the last sentence (“Learning ... dough”) indicate
A．The author underestimated her abilities to learn new skills.
B．The author derived benefit from her work by helping others.
C．The author lacked self-confidence as much as the women working with her.
D．The author found performing social work surprisingly easy with no education.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考期中）She is the doyenne (女长老) of crime writing, who invented the much-loved Belgian detective Poirot and amateur English detective Miss Marple, as well as writing England’s longest-running play, The Mousetrap. Now Agatha Christie has been officially recognized as the best ever crime writer, in a poll conducted by the Crime Writers’ Association(CWA).
Christie’s 1926 novel, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, whose innovative twist-in-the-tale helped to shape the crime genre, also won the prize of best ever crime novel.
Alison Joseph, CWA chair, said: “We thought it might be different this time, but Christie just is the best. Her writing has such a strong sense of place, she really knows her characters, and they’re such beautifully-structured stories. When you're reading a crime story, you want in the end to close the book and walk away with a sense of completion.”
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s collection of Sherlock Holmes novels was voted best ever crime series in the poll, which was held to mark 60 years of the CWA．The last time such a vote was taken by crime writers was in 1998, when Raymond Chandler was crowned as the best writer. The Nine Tailors by Dorothy L Sayers was chosen as best novel, and Chandler's Philip Marlowe books took best series.
Not everyone was satisfied with the outcome of the poll. Maxim Jakubowski, a CWA member who set up Murder One, the specialist crime bookshop which he ran for 20 years until its closure in 2009, said: “I’m slightly surprised and disappointed. It seems to be a retreat to a safe form. Of course we crime writers all worship Christie, but with all due respect, crime fiction has moved on: there are the inheritors of Thomas Harris’s Silence of the Lambs serial-killer crime, some of whom are unfortunately formulaic, and there is crime fiction with a strong social conscience --- that didn’t exist in Christie’s day. I’m thinking of writers like Dennis Lehane, John Harvey, Walter Mosley, George Pelecanos...”
However, Joseph defended Christie's social sensibility. “She is actually very sympathetic to why a person would commit murder, and at the point when we find out what happens there is the feeling that under these circumstances, it might be any of us.”
Christie, who died in 1976, wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short-story collections. The Christie estate this year commissioned the first new Poirot novel, to be written by Sophie Hannah for publication next September.
33．According to the chair of CWA, for readers, a successful good crime story should finally ________.
A．have a strong sense of place B．contain familiar characters
C．be beautifully structured D．provide a sense of completion
34．The poll was conducted to ________.
A．recognize Christie’s contribution B．celebrate 60 years of CWA
C．honor some famous crime writers D．promote classic crime stories
35．Why is Maxim Jakubowski surprised and disappointed at the result
A．Because Christie’s works use safe forms and are out of date.
B．Because crime fiction has moved on and has new features.
C．Because some of the crime writers are unfortunately formulaic.
D．Because a strong social conscience didn't exist in Christie's day.
36．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．The Mousetrap by Agatha Christie is England's longest-running play
B．Agatha Christie is always the best writer in the votes held by CWA．
C．Christie thought anyone might commit murder in certain conditions.
D．Christie asked Sophie Hannah to write the first new Poirot novel.
（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）On 15th June 1996, a huge bomb in Manchester, in the north-west of England, destroyed the city centre, causing nearly a billion pounds’ worth of damage. The bomb, which had been planted by a terrorist group called the IRA, injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA．
Manchester had already undergone some changes as it recovered from the economic depression of the early 1990s that had destroyed much of its industry and created large-scale unemployment. It had won the right to host the Commonwealth Games (a large sporting event) and redeveloped some deserted areas through the building of the National Velodrome, an exhibition centre and an award-winning concert hall. However, at the time of the bombing, the city centre was still badly neglected — dominated by the Arndale Shopping Centre (once described as looking like an enormous public toilet) and squares that were run-down and affected by drug addiction. So, dreadful though the bombing was, it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.
Within weeks of the explosion, the government had set up a public-private company to manage the recovery and launched an international competition to design the redevelopment. The winning plan involved restoring the historic buildings that had been damaged, tearing down and rebuilding some of the ugly buildings, creating new public spaces and improving life for pedestrians. Alongside this, the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system, making access to the centre easier. Since these improvements, the city has attempted to boost tourism by using some of the city’s historical sites for major public events and by creating the Urbis building, which now houses the National Museum of Football. In turn, these changes have been key in attracting new investors, such as the Qatari royal family who own Manchester City Football Club.
Since 1996, the Manchester economy has grown in all areas. However, there are some concerns that inequality has also increased. Nor are all the new spaces appreciated. One new garden square designed by an international architect was rated as the worst attraction in the city. Others argue that in changing market stalls and industry for luxury consumption and glass buildings, the city has lost some of its soul.
37．What does the word “evacuate” (paragraph 1)most probably mean
A．Looking for something in a place. B．Estimate the losses in a ruined place.
C．Remove people from a place of danger. D．Determine a numerical value of a place.
38．What does the writer say about the 1996 IRA bombing
A．It presented an unexpected opportunity for Manchester.
B．It destroyed the city centre that used to be busy and crowded.
C．It resulted in a lot of people getting hurt or killed in Manchester.
D．It cost Manchester its chance to host the Commonwealth Games.
39．What did Manchester do for its recovery
A．It set up Manchester City Football Club.
B．It organised an international competition to attract new investors.
C．It tore down some historical sites to make room for public events.
D．It developed a public traffic system to make the city center more accessible.
40．What is the passage mainly about
A．Damage Manchester suffered due to the IRA bombing.
B．The IRA bombing in Manchester and its consequences.
C．Challenges related to the redevelopment of Manchester.
D．The long-term effects of the changes made in Manchester.
（2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中）Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home.
The set of three short episodes, entitled Escape from the British Museum, shows the teapot turning into a young woman in a green dress, who then engages a London-based Chinese journalist to help her reunite with her family.
It appears to have struck a chord in China after first being released by independent vloggers on Douyin, China’s equivalent to TikTok. By Monday evening, it had reportedly racked up more than 310 million views.
The plot line taps into growing Chinese criticism of the British Museum after reports last month that more than 1,500 priceless objects, including gold jewelry, semi-precious stones and glass, were missing, stolen or damaged.
In August the state media tabloid Global Times called for the return of Chinese artefacts from the museum “free of charge” in the wake of the controversy.
“The huge loopholes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said.
⑦It strongly supported the video series for touching on a “powerful message” about the importance of cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese people’s yearning for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics”.
In a further jibe at the museum, it interpreted the jade teapot’s surprise at the size of the journalist’s residence as depicting the “casual attitude of the British Museum toward Chinese cultural relics, as many of them are crammed into one cabinet for exhibition”.
State broadcaster CCTV also gave the short films a glowing review saying: “We are very pleased to see Chinese young people are passionate about history and tradition… We are also looking forward to the early return of Chinese artefacts that have been displaced overseas.”
The museum scandal made headlines around the world and revived earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics.
The new three-part show has unleashed a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square.
41．What excuse does Britain give for keeping other nations’ cultural objects in its museum
A．It has taken possession of these objects by all lawful means.
B．These objects may come to life, flee their countries and go viral.
C．These objects are safer and taken better care of in its museum.
D．It is requested by other nations to protect their cultural objects.
42．What does the underlined word “repatriation” (Para. 7) probably mean
A．Repair. B．Reflection. C．Return. D．Reserve.
43．Which can we infer from the passage
A．A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series.
B．The museum’s flawed management and security systems are involved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later.
D．China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal.
44．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects.
B．To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot.
C．To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad.
D．To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition.
（2023上·上海松江·高三统考期末）Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.
Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.
That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.
The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.
Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.
45．We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .
A．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for them
B．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predicted
C．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of them
D．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems
46．What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics
A．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.
B．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.
C．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.
D．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.
47．According to the passage, the obstacle to phage treatment is that .
A．there is little chance of patenting phages in the future
B．governments provide financial support for other research
C．the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interest
D．over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages
48．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.
B．Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.
C．Development of antibiotics is limited by phages.
D．Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子（名词性从句）
1．It is estimated total investment in the country will continue to increase this year. （用适当的词填空）
2．He must answer the question he agrees with it or not. (用适当的词填空)
3．There is growing evidence staying up late at night has a serious impact on people’s health.(用适当的词填空)
4．The girls were surprised at the fact ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.（用适当的词填空）
5．Emotional memories recall you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. （用适当的词填空）
6．It is advised that one mustn’t go jogging very early in the morning; this is the body temperature is lower and the bodily functions haven’t kicked in fully during this time. （用适当的词填空）
7．It is no wonder some young people, under the growing pressures, would try to live in a simple way. （用适当的词填空）
8． team wins on Saturday will go to the national championships. (用适当的词填空)
9．Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. ”（用适当的词填空）
10．Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of time, they agreed. (用适当的词填空)
11．He didn't tell me keys were lost. (用适当的词填空)
12．The thought I might not have a job next year is a bit troubling. (用适当的词填空)
13．The news we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. (用适当的词填空)
14．The book can be of help to wants to do the job. (用适当的词填空)
15．We didn’t settle the problem at the meeting will be sent to Shanghai on business. (用适当的词填空)
16．The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross river traffic is the heaviest.(用适当的词填空)
17．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly more and more parents make use of child care at this time. (用适当的词填空)
18．However, getting advice from cares about you can impact your life in great ways. (用适当的词填空)
19．We came to the conclusion the room must have been empty.(用适当的词填空)
20．Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact he drank too much.(用适当的词填空)
21．The reason he explained at the meeting was he didn’t catch the first bus. （用适当的词填空）
22．I doubt they can swim across the river.(用适当的词填空)
23．I’m doubtful she will agree to this point. (用适当的词填空)
24．But the fact they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species.(用适当的词填空)
25．The news we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. (用适当的词填空)
26．They are faced with the problem they should continue the work. (用适当的词填空)
27．It became popular for its ease of use, and eventually progressed into we now consider to be the standard script. (用适当的词填空)
28．Another unique human characteristic is we walk upright. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29． does best will get the prize. （用适当的词填空）
30．I am not sure he will come here or not. (用适当的词填空)
试卷第1页，共3页
