专题10 阅读理解之应用文
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
应用文主要设题类型及特点
1. 细节理解题：针对应用文体裁的阅读训练多出现细节理解题。应用文不同于一般的文章，应用文的措辞简洁明了、直截了当，在阅读时须重点注意细节信息，最好采取跳读这种阅读方法。如：活动的具体时间和地点是什么？音乐会的具体举办时间是什么？所倡议的活动是针对哪些人展开的？
2. 主旨大意题：应用文强调实用性，无论是信件、广告、通知，还是倡议书、海报等，在阅读时都应该快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海报介绍的那部电影？通知的是哪个活动？邀请哪些人参加什么活动？这些都是主旨大意题考查的内容。常见的主旨大意题的题干表达方式有“The poster introduces us to _______.” “The e-mail mainly tells us about _______.”
3. 观点态度题：作者往往通过海报、广告等形式的应用文表明自己对于某事的态度，也可以通过通知、倡议书、邀请函等形式暗示自己对某次活动的看法和态度。常见的观点态度题的题干表达方式有“What is the author’s attitude towards...” “What does the author think of the... ”
高考英语阅读理解题中，应用文具有以下一些特点：
1. 题材多样、注重实用
广告题材涉及美食之旅、职业从业者、自行车租赁、旅游观光等方面，题材十分丰富，而且与实际生活联系紧密。
2. 语言地道、简洁明了
①简单句多，复杂句少。广告所用语言较简洁，多采用简单句，句型结构较为复杂的长、难句很少，因此读上去比较容易。
②多采用短语、省略句。广告多采用非完整句，短语、省略很常见，更加有效地传达信息。例如：
3. 设题灵活、筛选信息。广告的设题方式主要有：
1)理解写作意图：这样的题目要求考生能理解作者的写作目的、主旨大意以及广告的体裁特点。
2)获取文中信息：有关广告的阅读试题大部分为这类题目，要求考生读懂文中的关键信息。
3)理解深层含义：这类题目要求考生理解某一句话的深层含义，也就是透过字里行间，读懂它的言外之意。
题型归纳
题型01 “寻找共同点”题
【题型诠释】
寻找共同点命题规律探究：1.“找共同点题”试题大多出现在应用文最后—题或第一题；2.属于复杂细节理解题，可能会涉及阅读材料多处；3.常见命题形式：What do the four... have in common
【典例1】(2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习)
Inspired by his mentor Louis Sullivan, an influential figure in the world of modernist architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright coined the term “organic architecture” around 1908.
Rather than imitating nature or organic elements within the natural world, organic architecture is more concerned with re-interpretation of nature and harmony between the organic and the built environment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put together to reflect the order within nature. Here are four of the most striking examples.
Casa Milà
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year of completion: 1910
Architect: Antoni Caudi
Considered the greatest master of Catalan Modernism, Antoni Gaudi was devoted to nature and the Catholic religion. While he originally intended this organic building to have a religious purpose, it is now an apartment building. True to the organic style, it features honey shapes that seemingly emerge from the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Location: Singapore
Year of completion: 2015
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub consists of 12 eight-storey towers arranged around a public atrium (天井). The organic nature of the building extends to its interior with features like gardens that are intended to encourage social interactions and study among students.
Falling Water
Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year of completion:1939
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
A classic of modernism and organic architecture, Falling Water sits on top of a waterfall. Frank Lloyd Wright designed it for the Kaufmann family who—though they had originally hoped for a view of the waterfall-came to love the home.
East Beach Café
Location: Littlehampton, UK
Year of completion: 2007
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Located in a seaside area with an industrial history, East Beach Café resembles a piece of driftwood. Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community. It was the first building for Thomas Heatherwick who previously was better known as a sculptor.
6. What do we know about the four buildings in the text
A. They are architectural classics of modernism.
B. They feature imitations of animals or elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was not welcomed by all the locals initially.
D. The designer of Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the concept “organic architecture”.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据East Beach Café部分“Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community.” (它长40米，宽7米，高5米，最初在当地引起了两极分化，但后来受到了整个社区的欢迎。)可知，这个咖啡厅在建立之初并不受到所有当地人的欢迎。故选C。
题型02 “文章出处”题
【题型诠释】
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
研究报告类文章 (a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章 (a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
广告英语类文章 (an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
科普杂志类文章 (a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
教材课本类文章 (a geography textbook)：此类文章内容比较正式，语言规范，往往涉及到学科术语、专业性词汇、概念、理论等。
课件展示类文章 (a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章 (an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here.
【典例2】（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习）
New York Broadway Show: Aladdin
Have a genie (精灵) grant your wish to see the Disney classic live on Broadway!
Provider: Tiqets International B. V.
Duration: 2h 30mins
Ticket Info:
A. $91.20 Admission to Aladdin
B. Smartphone tickets accepted
C. Instant ticket delivery
Highlights & Description
Roll out the magic carpet and get ready for a whole new world. The producer of The Lion King brings the timeless story of Aladdin to the New York stage in a musical spectacular for the whole family.
From the producer of The Lion King, this magical spectacle is packed with all your favorite songs from the Disney animated classic Aladdin, and more!
Come to the New Amsterdam Theatre and step into “A Whole New World”!
Instructions
Your tickets will be sent to you via email. Please show your ticket at the New Amsterdam Theatre entrance for the time and date of your show.
Seating starts 30 minutes prior to showtime, but there may be a wait to enter the theatre due to the security check. Please give your group plenty of time to get to the theatre and find their seats. Latecomers will be accommodated during the first appropriate break in the performance.
Reschedule and Cancellation Policy.
Refunds are not possible for this ticket.
Rescheduling is not possible for this ticket.
1. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A Disney brochure. B. A travel blog.
C. A ticketing website. D. A Broadway introduction.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“to see the Disney classic live on Broadway (在百老汇现场观看迪士尼经典电影)”、“Ticket Info(票务信息)”部分的“A. $91.20 Admission to Aladdin (91.20美元阿拉丁门票)、B. Smartphone tickets accepted (接受智能手机票)、C. Instant ticket delivery (即时送票)”以及“Reschedule and Cancellation Policy (重新安排和取消政策)”部分的“Refunds are not possible for this ticket. ( 这张票不能退款) 、Rescheduling is not possible for this ticket (此票无法重新安排)”可知，本文主要介绍了一部即将演出的剧目的订票信息，最有可能来自于订票网站上，故选C项。
题型03 “数字计算”题
【题型诠释】
细节理解之数字计算题考点是高考中的必考点。数字计算题考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找相关的文章内容，提取相关信息，进行简单的计算，就可以得出正确答案。预测在2024高考中，数字计算题会在广告信息文章中和说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，通过阅读广告信息，我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。
【典例3】(2023上·四川成都·高三成都市锦江区嘉祥外国语高级中学校考期中)
A reusable bottle will save you money in the long run while helping you reach your hydration goals. Let’s check out these reusable water bottles in 2019!
Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle (Stainless steel), $31, Amazon
This shiny, stainless steel bottle is lightweight and easy to grasp, so it’s perfectly portable when you’re on-the-go, whether hiking up a mountain or doing business around town. The single-walled stainless steel construction keeps your drink cold for hours, and a stylish cap made of sustainably harvested bamboo tops it off.
CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle (Plastic), $20 (Normally $28), Amazon
If you find more of your drink ends up in your bag — or on your pants — than in your mouth, Camelbak’s spill-proof water bottle cap is a must-have. The newly redesigned “bite-and-sip” cap lets more liquid flow through than previous versions, letting you stay hydrated without having to worry about spills. It’s also dishwasher-safe, unlike other water bottles, so it’s simple to keep clean and germ-free.
Yuanfeng Collapsible Water Bottle, $10, Amazon
For adventurers on-the-go, this space-saving water container is a must-have. The soft, BPA-free bottle folds up to be only 4.5 inches tall when it’s empty, but stores up to 500 ml liquid when you fill it up! Available in six bright colors, this handy bottle is the perfect travel companion for your next biking, hiking, or camping trip.
Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle, $9, Amazon
Kick up the flavor with this genius infuser bottle that allows you to add in extra flavor to your water. Fill the removable infuser basket with lemons, berries, tea bags, or anything else you’re fond of, and you’ll be able to create your own deliciously flavored water. You can take out the infuser whenever you need a regular water bottle too.
2. How much can you save if you buy a plastic bottle
A. $15. B. $13. C. $10. D. $8.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle (Plastic), $20 (Normally $28), Amazon可知如果你买一个塑料瓶，你能省八美元。故选D。
高考练场
题型01 “寻找共同点”题
(2023年高考英语·全国甲卷A篇)
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题之寻找共同点。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
题型02 “文章出处”题
(2021年高考英语·全国甲卷A篇）
A Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image (图像).
Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.(每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛。)”结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。
题型03 “数字计算”题
(2023年·新高考全国Ⅰ卷A篇)
Bike rental & guided tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. 15.75. B. 19.50. C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·湖北武汉·高三武汉市洪山高级中学校考阶段练习) Does your child love high-tech, writing or specialty arts Attending a summer camp with this focus is a perfect way for them to explore and to experience. Look through our selection and find the perfect fit for your child.
ID Tech Summer Camps
We’re trusted and hosted by the world’s top learning organizations. The right instructor changes everything. With personalized learning, your child will progress at their own pace. Your child can level up to Grade 10, standing out to colleges and future work. We can’t wait to welcome your child to our community of 500,000+ students.
Summer Academic Youth Programs
Summer is the perfect time for pre-college students to explore their career interests. Our programs provide opportunities for students to experience college life while expanding their knowledge and exploring their interests. There are many opportunities including overnight camps.
Independent Lake Camp
It is an overnight summer camp offering impressive activities due to our quality facilities (设备), and talented staff. Started as a non-traditional summer camp, we focus on promoting creativity within each camper and the community and developing individual growth with our personalized scheduling — each camper chooses their own activities.
Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp
Creative writing is taught live online by experienced teachers. Great for ages 7+ and divided into age-based groups, this camp has a limited class size so students can learn fun new skills. Videos will also be made available to all creative writing campers. So, with flexible classes to choose, your child will never miss a beat!
1. Who will be interested in Summer Academic Youth Programs
A. Graduates looking for jobs. B. High schoolers expecting college life.
C. College students seeking more credits. D. College students needing social practice.
2. What do ID Tech Summer Camps and Independent Lake Camp have in common
A. They make arrangements for work. B. They include overnight activities.
C. They offer personalized learning. D. They improve personal creativity.
3. Which camp best suits children with busy summer schedules
A. ID Tech Summer Camp. B. Independent Lake Camp.
C. Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp. D. Summer Academic Youth Programs.
B
(2023上·湖北·高三荆州中学校联考期中) One day in Bronx, a first-grade teacher sat down in a barbershop for a haircut and one of his students walked in, sat down, and started looking antsy. He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲). His non-profit, Barbershop Books, has delivered 50,000 free books to more than 200 barbershops in mainly black neighborhoods in 24 states, considering the fact that in Black American communities, barbershops are like community centers where people gather naturally.
“So many kids associate reading with something you do in or for school,” he said. “If the only place a kid practices the piano is during a lesson, the progress will be slow. Our program is about getting kids to say three words: ‘I’m a reader.’”
Irby’s program may seem straightforward but there’s a lot of thought behind it. He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend. And Irby involves the barbers in his mission — training them to engage kids about reading. “We want them to encourage kids to use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk to them about how they like reading, how funny a book was or tell them about another book another kid was reading.”
Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to quit that to help the community. “I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact.”
“These books, I would say, have power,” 8-year-old boy Chance said. That’s what keeps Irby motivated. “I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks potential.”
4. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A. Restless. B. Serious. C. Relieved. D. Joyful.
5. Why does the program appeal to children
A. Because it expresses children’s requirements. B. Because it shows children’s characteristics.
C. Because it protects children’s security. D. Because it considers children’s preferences.
6. What made Denny Moe give up the video games finally
A. That he wanted to attract more customers. B. That he wanted to make a difference.
C. That he wanted to bring in more money. D. That he wanted to meet different demands.
7. What is the best title for this passage
A. Black Kids, Potential Big Readers B. Free Books, Good Way to Pay Back
C. Colourful Covers, Nice Try to Attract Kids D. Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading
C
(2023上·湖北·高三荆州中学校联考期中) Women in post-pregnancy tend to respond slower to the outside world than they did before. In the West, this phenomenon is called “pregnancy brain”. In China, people describe it as “women are slower and less sharp for three years after giving birth.” However, studies showed that they are not less sharp. Rather, their brains are becoming better wired for parenting at the cost of memory.
In their 2016 research, Elseline Hoekzema and her team from the Netherlands scanned 25 women’s brains before and during pregnancy. The MRI results showed that there was a decrease in the amount of expectant mothers’ grey matter in their brains, which is responsible for multiple functions, including muscle control, emotions, speech and memory.
The decrease in grey matter isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Hoekzema compared it with the drop in the grey matter of teenagers during puberty (青春期). According to a previous study, during puberty, teenagers’ hormones cause a reduction in unnecessary synapses (突触), the connections between nerve cells. This process makes the brain work more efficiently. Likewise, the reduction of grey matter in new mothers’ brains might lead to greater parenting abilities.
The changes in the region of grey matter affected by pregnancy are known to play a role in social cognition (认知). This change might help a new mother better understand and decode her baby’s facial expressions and needs. Based on the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes to help them better prepare for motherhood.
In a recent study led by Jonny Kohl from London’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments on the brains of pregnant mice provide concrete evidence that specific hormones improved connections between neurons (神经元) associated with parenting behaviors. While conducted on mice, this brain remodeling agrees with previous human studies, suggesting shared mechanisms, Newsweek reported.
However, this improvement in parenting-related skills might come at a cost. A 2010 study showed pregnant women have poorer memory skills than non-pregnant women, particularly concerning spatial recognition memory. This explains why many pregnant women sometimes lose their way on familiar routes.
And according to Hoekzema, the changes in women’s brains are long-lasting. So, next time your mom gets lost in a familiar place, be patient and kind to her. After all, her brain changed to bring you into the world!
8. During pregnancy, what happens to women’s brains
A. They increase in amount. B. They become more complex.
C. They generate new neuro cells. D. They lose some grey matter.
9. How might the changes in women’s brains during pregnancy benefit them
A. By improving their work efficiency. B. By boosting their muscle control.
C. By strengthening their social cognition. D. By adjusting their emotional state.
10. What do we know about Jonny Kohl’s study
A. It conflicted with Hoekzema’s team’s findings.
B. It compared pregnant mice with non-pregnant ones.
C. It explored the link between hormone changes and parenting behaviors.
D. It confirmed the long-lasting effects of pregnancy on women’s brains.
11. What is one potential disadvantage of brain changes in pregnant women
A. Poorer communication skills. B. A weaker sense of direction.
C. A shorter length of attention. D. Decreased problem-solving abilities.
D
(2023上·湖北荆州·高三荆州中学校考期中) As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
参考答案与解析
A篇
1. B 2. C 3. C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个关于高科技、写作和专业艺术的探索和体验的夏令营。
1. 细节理解题。根据Summer Academic Youth Programs中的“Summer is the perfect time for pre-college students to explore their career interests. Our programs provide opportunities for students to experience college life while expanding their knowledge and exploring their interests. (夏季是大学预科学生探索职业兴趣的最佳时机。我们的课程为学生提供了体验大学生活的机会，同时扩展他们的知识和探索他们的兴趣)”可知，期待大学生活的高中生会对Summer Academic Youth Programs感兴趣。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据ID Tech Summer Camps中的“With personalized learning, your child will progress at their own pace. (通过个性化学习，您的孩子将按照自己的节奏进步)”和Independent Lake Camp中的“Started as a non-traditional summer camp, we focus on promoting creativity within each camper and the community and developing individual growth with our personalized scheduling — each camper chooses their own activities. (作为一个非传统的夏令营，我们专注于促进每个营员和社区的创造力，并通过我们的个性化日程安排发展个人成长——每个营员都选择自己的活动)”可知，两者的共同之处是它们提供个性化的学习。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp中的“Videos will also be made available to all creative writing campers. So, with flexible classes to choose, your child will never miss a beat! (视频将提供给所有创意写作营员。所以，有了灵活的课程选择，你的孩子不会错过任何一个节拍!)”可知，Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp课程选择灵活，最适合暑期安排繁忙的孩子。故选C项。
B篇
4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了让孩子爱上阅读并不容易，但是阿尔文·艾尔比正在为此努力，他创建了理发店书屋以鼓励年轻孩子们去阅读，因为他知道阅读对于孩子的重要性。
4. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“One day in Bronx, a first-grade teacher sat down in a barbershop for a haircut and one of his students walked in, sat down,(一天，在布朗克斯，一个一年级的老师坐在理发店里理发，他的一个学生走了进来，坐下)”及下文“He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲).(他对自己说，这是一个练习阅读的绝佳机会，这个想法改变了阿尔文·艾尔比的生活，他在美国各地的许多理发店里摆满了免费的书，以减少儿童文盲)”可推知，阿尔文·艾尔比想到在理发店里摆满了免费的书，是因为他看到这些来理发的学生无事可做。再结合常识可知，与老师在一个空间里，多少会有些紧张。由此可知，划线词antsy与restless“坐立不安的”意思接近。故选A。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend.(他在每家商店里都放了一个五颜六色的儿童书架，让孩子们喜欢。展出的书籍都是根据他的目标读者的推荐精心挑选的。书架上展示的是书的封面而不是书脊，帮助那些可能对阅读感兴趣的孩子们自己抓住机会，无论他们是坐在理发师的椅子上，还是在等爸爸或朋友)”可知，这个节目考虑到孩子们的喜好，所以很受孩子们的欢迎。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact.”(“我决定把它传递下去，把电子游戏扔掉，把书放在这里，只是为了让孩子们的思想活跃起来，”他说。“你想要产生影响。”)”可知，丹尼·莫想要有所作为，这让他最终放弃了电子游戏。故选B。
7. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲).(他对自己说，这是一个练习阅读的绝佳机会，这个想法改变了阿尔文·艾尔比的生活，他在美国各地的许多理发店里摆满了免费的书，以减少儿童文盲)”及下文可知，文章讲述了阿尔文·艾尔比减少儿童文盲，他创建了理发店书屋以鼓励年轻孩子们去阅读，因为他知道阅读对于孩子的重要性，他希望孩子们爱上阅读，让阅读改变他们的人生。由此可知，D. Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading(小理发店，开始阅读的宝库)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
C篇
8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了孕妇怀孕期间大脑的一些变化以及带来的影响。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The MRI results showed that there was a decrease in the amount of expectant mothers’ grey matter in their brains, which is responsible for multiple functions, including muscle control, emotions, speech and memory.(核磁共振结果显示，孕妇大脑中的灰质数量有所减少，而灰质负责多种功能，包括肌肉控制、情绪、语言和记忆)”可知，在怀孕期间，女性的大脑失去了一些灰质。故选D。
9. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The changes in the region of grey matter affected by pregnancy are known to play a role in social cognition (认知). This change might help a new mother better understand and decode her baby’s facial expressions and needs. Based on the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes to help them better prepare for motherhood.(众所周知，受怀孕影响的灰质区域的变化在社会认知中起着重要作用。这种变化可能有助于新妈妈更好地理解和解读宝宝的面部表情和需求。基于这些结果，科学家们认为女性的大脑经历了变化，以帮助她们更好地为母亲做准备)”可知，怀孕期间女性大脑的变化可以加强社会认知。故选C。
10. 细节理解题。根据第五段“In a recent study led by Jonny Kohl from London’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments on the brains of pregnant mice provide concrete evidence that specific hormones improved connections between neurons (神经元) associated with parenting behaviors.(在最近由伦敦弗朗西斯克里克研究所的乔尼科尔领导的一项研究中，对怀孕老鼠的大脑进行的实验提供了具体的证据，表明特定的激素改善了与养育行为相关的神经元之间的联系)”可知，Jonny Kohl的研究探讨了荷尔蒙变化和养育行为之间的联系。故选C。
11. 细节理解题。根据第六段“A 2010 study showed pregnant women have poorer memory skills than non-pregnant women, particularly concerning spatial recognition memory. This explains why many pregnant women sometimes lose their way on familiar routes.(2010年的一项研究表明，孕妇的记忆能力比非孕妇差，尤其是在空间识别记忆方面。这就解释了为什么许多孕妇有时会在熟悉的路线上迷路)”可知，孕妇大脑变化的一个潜在缺点是向感较弱。故选B。
D篇
12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
12. 推理判断题。根据第二段的““Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
13. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。专题10 阅读理解之应用文
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
应用文主要设题类型及特点
1. 细节理解题：针对应用文体裁的阅读训练多出现细节理解题。应用文不同于一般的文章，应用文的措辞简洁明了、直截了当，在阅读时须重点注意细节信息，最好采取跳读这种阅读方法。如：活动的具体时间和地点是什么？音乐会的具体举办时间是什么？所倡议的活动是针对哪些人展开的？
2. 主旨大意题：应用文强调实用性，无论是信件、广告、通知，还是倡议书、海报等，在阅读时都应该快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海报介绍的那部电影？通知的是哪个活动？邀请哪些人参加什么活动？这些都是主旨大意题考查的内容。常见的主旨大意题的题干表达方式有“The poster introduces us to _______.” “The e-mail mainly tells us about _______.”
3. 观点态度题：作者往往通过海报、广告等形式的应用文表明自己对于某事的态度，也可以通过通知、倡议书、邀请函等形式暗示自己对某次活动的看法和态度。常见的观点态度题的题干表达方式有“What is the author’s attitude towards...” “What does the author think of the... ”
高考英语阅读理解题中，应用文具有以下一些特点：
1. 题材多样、注重实用
广告题材涉及美食之旅、职业从业者、自行车租赁、旅游观光等方面，题材十分丰富，而且与实际生活联系紧密。
2. 语言地道、简洁明了
①简单句多，复杂句少。广告所用语言较简洁，多采用简单句，句型结构较为复杂的长、难句很少，因此读上去比较容易。
②多采用短语、省略句。广告多采用非完整句，短语、省略很常见，更加有效地传达信息。例如：
3. 设题灵活、筛选信息。广告的设题方式主要有：
1)理解写作意图：这样的题目要求考生能理解作者的写作目的、主旨大意以及广告的体裁特点。
2)获取文中信息：有关广告的阅读试题大部分为这类题目，要求考生读懂文中的关键信息。
3)理解深层含义：这类题目要求考生理解某一句话的深层含义，也就是透过字里行间，读懂它的言外之意。
题型归纳
题型01 “寻找共同点”题
【题型诠释】
寻找共同点命题规律探究：1.“找共同点题”试题大多出现在应用文最后—题或第一题；2.属于复杂细节理解题，可能会涉及阅读材料多处；3.常见命题形式：What do the four... have in common
【典例1】(2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习)
Inspired by his mentor Louis Sullivan, an influential figure in the world of modernist architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright coined the term “organic architecture” around 1908.
Rather than imitating nature or organic elements within the natural world, organic architecture is more concerned with re-interpretation of nature and harmony between the organic and the built environment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put together to reflect the order within nature. Here are four of the most striking examples.
Casa Milà
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year of completion: 1910
Architect: Antoni Caudi
Considered the greatest master of Catalan Modernism, Antoni Gaudi was devoted to nature and the Catholic religion. While he originally intended this organic building to have a religious purpose, it is now an apartment building. True to the organic style, it features honey shapes that seemingly emerge from the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Location: Singapore
Year of completion: 2015
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub consists of 12 eight-storey towers arranged around a public atrium (天井). The organic nature of the building extends to its interior with features like gardens that are intended to encourage social interactions and study among students.
Falling Water
Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year of completion:1939
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
A classic of modernism and organic architecture, Falling Water sits on top of a waterfall. Frank Lloyd Wright designed it for the Kaufmann family who—though they had originally hoped for a view of the waterfall-came to love the home.
East Beach Café
Location: Littlehampton, UK
Year of completion: 2007
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Located in a seaside area with an industrial history, East Beach Café resembles a piece of driftwood. Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community. It was the first building for Thomas Heatherwick who previously was better known as a sculptor.
6. What do we know about the four buildings in the text
A. They are architectural classics of modernism.
B. They feature imitations of animals or elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was not welcomed by all the locals initially.
D. The designer of Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the concept “organic architecture”.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据East Beach Café部分“Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community.” (它长40米，宽7米，高5米，最初在当地引起了两极分化，但后来受到了整个社区的欢迎。)可知，这个咖啡厅在建立之初并不受到所有当地人的欢迎。故选C。
题型02 “文章出处”题
【题型诠释】
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
研究报告类文章 (a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章 (a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
广告英语类文章 (an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
科普杂志类文章 (a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
教材课本类文章 (a geography textbook)：此类文章内容比较正式，语言规范，往往涉及到学科术语、专业性词汇、概念、理论等。
课件展示类文章 (a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章 (an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here.
【典例2】（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习）
New York Broadway Show: Aladdin
Have a genie (精灵) grant your wish to see the Disney classic live on Broadway!
Provider: Tiqets International B. V.
Duration: 2h 30mins
Ticket Info:
A. $91.20 Admission to Aladdin
B. Smartphone tickets accepted
C. Instant ticket delivery
Highlights & Description
Roll out the magic carpet and get ready for a whole new world. The producer of The Lion King brings the timeless story of Aladdin to the New York stage in a musical spectacular for the whole family.
From the producer of The Lion King, this magical spectacle is packed with all your favorite songs from the Disney animated classic Aladdin, and more!
Come to the New Amsterdam Theatre and step into “A Whole New World”!
Instructions
Your tickets will be sent to you via email. Please show your ticket at the New Amsterdam Theatre entrance for the time and date of your show.
Seating starts 30 minutes prior to showtime, but there may be a wait to enter the theatre due to the security check. Please give your group plenty of time to get to the theatre and find their seats. Latecomers will be accommodated during the first appropriate break in the performance.
Reschedule and Cancellation Policy.
Refunds are not possible for this ticket.
Rescheduling is not possible for this ticket.
1. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A Disney brochure. B. A travel blog.
C. A ticketing website. D. A Broadway introduction.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“to see the Disney classic live on Broadway (在百老汇现场观看迪士尼经典电影)”、“Ticket Info(票务信息)”部分的“A. $91.20 Admission to Aladdin (91.20美元阿拉丁门票)、B. Smartphone tickets accepted (接受智能手机票)、C. Instant ticket delivery (即时送票)”以及“Reschedule and Cancellation Policy (重新安排和取消政策)”部分的“Refunds are not possible for this ticket. ( 这张票不能退款) 、Rescheduling is not possible for this ticket (此票无法重新安排)”可知，本文主要介绍了一部即将演出的剧目的订票信息，最有可能来自于订票网站上，故选C项。
题型03 “数字计算”题
【题型诠释】
细节理解之数字计算题考点是高考中的必考点。数字计算题考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找相关的文章内容，提取相关信息，进行简单的计算，就可以得出正确答案。预测在2024高考中，数字计算题会在广告信息文章中和说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，通过阅读广告信息，我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。
【典例3】(2023上·四川成都·高三成都市锦江区嘉祥外国语高级中学校考期中)
A reusable bottle will save you money in the long run while helping you reach your hydration goals. Let’s check out these reusable water bottles in 2019!
Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle (Stainless steel), $31, Amazon
This shiny, stainless steel bottle is lightweight and easy to grasp, so it’s perfectly portable when you’re on-the-go, whether hiking up a mountain or doing business around town. The single-walled stainless steel construction keeps your drink cold for hours, and a stylish cap made of sustainably harvested bamboo tops it off.
CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle (Plastic), $20 (Normally $28), Amazon
If you find more of your drink ends up in your bag — or on your pants — than in your mouth, Camelbak’s spill-proof water bottle cap is a must-have. The newly redesigned “bite-and-sip” cap lets more liquid flow through than previous versions, letting you stay hydrated without having to worry about spills. It’s also dishwasher-safe, unlike other water bottles, so it’s simple to keep clean and germ-free.
Yuanfeng Collapsible Water Bottle, $10, Amazon
For adventurers on-the-go, this space-saving water container is a must-have. The soft, BPA-free bottle folds up to be only 4.5 inches tall when it’s empty, but stores up to 500 ml liquid when you fill it up! Available in six bright colors, this handy bottle is the perfect travel companion for your next biking, hiking, or camping trip.
Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle, $9, Amazon
Kick up the flavor with this genius infuser bottle that allows you to add in extra flavor to your water. Fill the removable infuser basket with lemons, berries, tea bags, or anything else you’re fond of, and you’ll be able to create your own deliciously flavored water. You can take out the infuser whenever you need a regular water bottle too.
2. How much can you save if you buy a plastic bottle
A. $15. B. $13. C. $10. D. $8.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle (Plastic), $20 (Normally $28), Amazon可知如果你买一个塑料瓶，你能省八美元。故选D。
高考练场
题型01 “寻找共同点”题
(2023年高考英语·全国甲卷A篇)
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels.
题型02 “文章出处”题
(2021年高考英语·全国甲卷A篇）
A Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image (图像).
Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
题型03 “数字计算”题
(2023年·新高考全国Ⅰ卷A篇)
Bike rental & guided tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. 15.75. B. 19.50. C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
名校模拟
A
(2023上·湖北武汉·高三武汉市洪山高级中学校考阶段练习) Does your child love high-tech, writing or specialty arts Attending a summer camp with this focus is a perfect way for them to explore and to experience. Look through our selection and find the perfect fit for your child.
ID Tech Summer Camps
We’re trusted and hosted by the world’s top learning organizations. The right instructor changes everything. With personalized learning, your child will progress at their own pace. Your child can level up to Grade 10, standing out to colleges and future work. We can’t wait to welcome your child to our community of 500,000+ students.
Summer Academic Youth Programs
Summer is the perfect time for pre-college students to explore their career interests. Our programs provide opportunities for students to experience college life while expanding their knowledge and exploring their interests. There are many opportunities including overnight camps.
Independent Lake Camp
It is an overnight summer camp offering impressive activities due to our quality facilities (设备), and talented staff. Started as a non-traditional summer camp, we focus on promoting creativity within each camper and the community and developing individual growth with our personalized scheduling — each camper chooses their own activities.
Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp
Creative writing is taught live online by experienced teachers. Great for ages 7+ and divided into age-based groups, this camp has a limited class size so students can learn fun new skills. Videos will also be made available to all creative writing campers. So, with flexible classes to choose, your child will never miss a beat!
1. Who will be interested in Summer Academic Youth Programs
A. Graduates looking for jobs. B. High schoolers expecting college life.
C. College students seeking more credits. D. College students needing social practice.
2. What do ID Tech Summer Camps and Independent Lake Camp have in common
A. They make arrangements for work. B. They include overnight activities.
C. They offer personalized learning. D. They improve personal creativity.
3. Which camp best suits children with busy summer schedules
A. ID Tech Summer Camp. B. Independent Lake Camp.
C. Virtual Live Creative Writing Camp. D. Summer Academic Youth Programs.
B
(2023上·湖北·高三荆州中学校联考期中) One day in Bronx, a first-grade teacher sat down in a barbershop for a haircut and one of his students walked in, sat down, and started looking antsy. He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy (文盲). His non-profit, Barbershop Books, has delivered 50,000 free books to more than 200 barbershops in mainly black neighborhoods in 24 states, considering the fact that in Black American communities, barbershops are like community centers where people gather naturally.
“So many kids associate reading with something you do in or for school,” he said. “If the only place a kid practices the piano is during a lesson, the progress will be slow. Our program is about getting kids to say three words: ‘I’m a reader.’”
Irby’s program may seem straightforward but there’s a lot of thought behind it. He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend. And Irby involves the barbers in his mission — training them to engage kids about reading. “We want them to encourage kids to use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk to them about how they like reading, how funny a book was or tell them about another book another kid was reading.”
Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to quit that to help the community. “I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact.”
“These books, I would say, have power,” 8-year-old boy Chance said. That’s what keeps Irby motivated. “I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks potential.”
4. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A. Restless. B. Serious. C. Relieved. D. Joyful.
5. Why does the program appeal to children
A. Because it expresses children’s requirements. B. Because it shows children’s characteristics.
C. Because it protects children’s security. D. Because it considers children’s preferences.
6. What made Denny Moe give up the video games finally
A. That he wanted to attract more customers. B. That he wanted to make a difference.
C. That he wanted to bring in more money. D. That he wanted to meet different demands.
7. What is the best title for this passage
A. Black Kids, Potential Big Readers B. Free Books, Good Way to Pay Back
C. Colourful Covers, Nice Try to Attract Kids D. Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading
C
(2023上·湖北·高三荆州中学校联考期中) Women in post-pregnancy tend to respond slower to the outside world than they did before. In the West, this phenomenon is called “pregnancy brain”. In China, people describe it as “women are slower and less sharp for three years after giving birth.” However, studies showed that they are not less sharp. Rather, their brains are becoming better wired for parenting at the cost of memory.
In their 2016 research, Elseline Hoekzema and her team from the Netherlands scanned 25 women’s brains before and during pregnancy. The MRI results showed that there was a decrease in the amount of expectant mothers’ grey matter in their brains, which is responsible for multiple functions, including muscle control, emotions, speech and memory.
The decrease in grey matter isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Hoekzema compared it with the drop in the grey matter of teenagers during puberty (青春期). According to a previous study, during puberty, teenagers’ hormones cause a reduction in unnecessary synapses (突触), the connections between nerve cells. This process makes the brain work more efficiently. Likewise, the reduction of grey matter in new mothers’ brains might lead to greater parenting abilities.
The changes in the region of grey matter affected by pregnancy are known to play a role in social cognition (认知). This change might help a new mother better understand and decode her baby’s facial expressions and needs. Based on the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes to help them better prepare for motherhood.
In a recent study led by Jonny Kohl from London’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments on the brains of pregnant mice provide concrete evidence that specific hormones improved connections between neurons (神经元) associated with parenting behaviors. While conducted on mice, this brain remodeling agrees with previous human studies, suggesting shared mechanisms, Newsweek reported.
However, this improvement in parenting-related skills might come at a cost. A 2010 study showed pregnant women have poorer memory skills than non-pregnant women, particularly concerning spatial recognition memory. This explains why many pregnant women sometimes lose their way on familiar routes.
And according to Hoekzema, the changes in women’s brains are long-lasting. So, next time your mom gets lost in a familiar place, be patient and kind to her. After all, her brain changed to bring you into the world!
8. During pregnancy, what happens to women’s brains
A. They increase in amount. B. They become more complex.
C. They generate new neuro cells. D. They lose some grey matter.
9. How might the changes in women’s brains during pregnancy benefit them
A. By improving their work efficiency. B. By boosting their muscle control.
C. By strengthening their social cognition. D. By adjusting their emotional state.
10. What do we know about Jonny Kohl’s study
A. It conflicted with Hoekzema’s team’s findings.
B. It compared pregnant mice with non-pregnant ones.
C. It explored the link between hormone changes and parenting behaviors.
D. It confirmed the long-lasting effects of pregnancy on women’s brains.
11. What is one potential disadvantage of brain changes in pregnant women
A. Poorer communication skills. B. A weaker sense of direction.
C. A shorter length of attention. D. Decreased problem-solving abilities.
D
(2023上·湖北荆州·高三荆州中学校考期中) As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
