专题11 阅读理解之记叙文
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
高考记叙文阅读理解注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，涵盖了人物故事、社会文化等方面，符合新课标人与自我、人与自然、人与社会三大主题语境，凸显语言与文化相结合。高考记叙文的篇幅一般都在280至350词左右，段落较多。文章语法结构多样化、表达方式灵活，常用短语和平时不常见到的表达交织在文章中，使文章更加生动和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的难度。2020-2023年高考试题中的记叙文考查情况（见下表）：
序号 来 源 语 篇 概 述 主题语境 词数
1 2023年新高考I卷B篇 爱思考且好学的John建造了一个生态机器，利用自然自我修复的原理来净化污水 人与自我 329
2 2023年全国甲卷B篇 DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及此项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势 人与社会 276
3 2022年全国甲卷C篇 Ginni从小就热爱旅游，后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象 人与自然 301
4 2021年全国甲卷C篇 作者在不停的搬家过程中，从不适应到融入了当地的生活的一个过程 人与社会 321
5 2020年新高考II卷B篇 作者想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法，收集学生们带到学校的玩具，后来将其变成了现实 人与社会 288
6 2020年全国甲卷D篇 以时间顺序讲述作者不同暑期对图书馆的热爱 人与自我 334
题型归纳
题型01 细节事实题
【题型诠释】
细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。?
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。
【典例1】(湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考英语试题)
Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects solely through touch, without relying on vision.
Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, from small toys, cans to even fruits and vegetables, without bruising or damaging them. The robotic hand accomplished these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark.
To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function: detect whether an object is touching it or not.
What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low-cost touch sensors that use simple, binary (二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in-hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high-cost touch sensors affixed to a small area of the robotic hand, primarily at the fingertips.
The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without stalling or losing its hold. The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape.
The researchers are now working on extending their approach to more complex manipulation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to catch, throw and juggle, for example. “If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform,” said one of the researchers.
8. What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean
10. Why is the toy rubber duck difficult for a robotic hand to rotate
A. It’s never been seen by robots. B. It has an unusual shape.
C. It has a unique smell. D. It can damage robots.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape. (这些物品包括一个西红柿、辣椒、一罐花生酱和一个玩具橡皮鸭，由于它的形状，橡皮鸭是最具挑战性的物品。)”可知，橡皮鸭特殊的形状使得机械手很难旋转它。故选B。
题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题
【题型诠释】
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。
此类题的设问方式:?
1.What would be the best title for the text ?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss ?
3.What is the passage mainly about ?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is __________.?
【典例2】(2024届高三浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题)
Noisy family Loud construction right outside your window A new flexible loudspeaker could help you rest easily. It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems.
The new loudspeaker is about as thick as a few sheets of paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces to control noise much easier, notes Jinchi Han, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Lots of dome-shaped (圆顶状的) microstructures are in the centre of the new speaker. Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes. “The bottom layer lifts up the small domes so that they can vibrate (震动) freely, and the upper protective layer is thicker than the domes that are secured in the middle of the layers,” he explains. “So if you touch the surface, you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.”
Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier.
Each dome works as a tiny speaker. The domes can generate sound waves all together, in groups or individually. Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you. Those same speakers could then dampen or cancel unwanted sound. “If you desire, you could turn any space into a quiet zone where you could sleep or study with barely any noise,” Han says. He also sees applications in cars, airplanes, apartments or wherever unwanted noise is a problem.
Large versions could be the next step for this super-thin speakers, says Lori Beckstead, a sound artist.
“The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,” Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic.
15. What is Beckstead’s attitude to the application of the new speakers
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案】A
【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,’ Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise- canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic. (Beckstead补充说：‘这种新型扬声器非常轻薄，可以放置在传统扬声器可能不切实际的地方。’她指出，在从餐馆到嘈杂的工业工厂的嘈杂空间中添加降噪技术将是非常棒的)”可推知， Beckstead对这种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。故选A。
题型03 推理推断题
【题型诠释】
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。
此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：?
1. We can infer from the passage that __________.?
2. What / Which of the following can be inferred from the passage ?
3. It can be inferred / concluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________.?
4. The author suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________.?
5. On the whole / From the text / After reading the passage, we can conclude that __________.?
6. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage ?
7. The author is inclined to think that __________.?
8. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________.?
9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling towards... ?
10. In the writer’s opinion,...?
【典例3】(湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考英语试题)
At only 8 years old, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed more character than some people ever manage. It all started about a year ago when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle House in Little Rock, Arkansas. His family goes for breakfast there at least once a week, and they always choose to sit in a certain waiter’s section.
Devonte Gardner is a father of two who works hard for his living. He always has a smile on his face, and he quickly formed a friendly relationship with Kayzen and his family. “I come with a positive attitude,” Devonte said. “I treat everybody with smile. I also love to see everybody smile.” His kindness affected Kayzen. “Devonte is just a really nice person,” he explained. “Really good guy. Super nice to everyone he meets.”
After a year of contact, the child’s family learned the truth behind Devonte’s bright smile. Devonte, his wife, and their two young daughters have been living in a cheap motel for the past eight months. Their former apartment was filled with bugs and had black mold(黑霉), which made his kids sick. Every cent Devonte makes goes toward keeping his children fed, clothed, and housed, and the struggle was overwhelming. Since he can’t afford a car, he also walks to and from work every day. Even so, he showed up at work every day with a smile on his face, ready to serve and make friends with customers like Kayzen.
Kayzen knew right away that he wanted to help his friend. He went home and told his mom, Vittoria Hunter, that he wanted to start a GoFundMe to help Devonte get money for a new car.
“Devonte is one of the most joyous and positive people you’ve ever met!” Vittoria and Kayzen wrote on the GoFundMe. “He always greets us with the biggest smile. I hope you will help me spread kindness in the world. ” Their initial goal was $5,000, but word quickly spread in their community. The GoFundMe currently sits at over $100,000!
4. Why are Kayzen and his family mentioned in paragraph 1
A. To explain the importance of a smile. B. To show the great popularity of the restaurant.
C. To introduce the main character of the text. D. To present the relationship of characters.
【答案】C
【答案】推理判断题。根据第一段“At only 8 years old, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed more character than some people ever manage. It all started about a year ago when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle House in Little Rock, Arkansas. His family goes for breakfast there at least once a week, and they always choose to sit in a certain waiter’s section.(年仅8岁的Kayzen Hunter已经展现出了比一些人所能表现出的更多的性格。这一切始于大约一年前，当时这个孩子成为阿肯色州小石城华夫饼屋的常客。他的家人每周至少去那里吃一次早餐，他们总是选择坐在某个服务员区。)”和第二段前两句“Devonte Gardner is a father of two who works hard for his living. He always has a smile on his face, and he quickly formed a friendly relationship with Kayzen and his family.(Devonte Gardner是两个孩子的父亲，他努力工作谋生。他总是面带微笑，很快就与Kayzen和他的家人建立了友好的关系。)”可知，文章首段介绍八岁的Kayzen和他的家人经常去Devonte工作的餐厅就餐，并且和Devonte建立了非常友好的关系。再结合下文讲述Kayzen帮助Devonte筹集资金的故事可推知，首段中介绍Kayzen以及他的家庭是为了引出本文真正的主人公 Devonte以及他们之间的故事。故选C。
题型04 词义、句义猜测题
【题型诠释】
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。?
此类题的设问方式主要有：?
1.The word “...” in Line...means/can be replaced by...?
2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests...?
3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
【典例4】(湖北省华中师大一附中2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题)
Dear Editor,
I’m now a postgraduate student and have studied at top universities, but am troubled that my life choices are conditioned by a need to prove myself, possibly resulting from a deep-rooted sense of insecurity. At school, I based my self-worth on academic success. I care excessively (过度地) about what impression I’m making and can’t bear the thought of displeasing people. How can I stop caring what other people think
Mr. Perfect
Dear Mr. Perfect,
You are living your life by externally referencing. This means your actions are guided by what you imagine other people think of you. Your challenge is to become more internally referenced, which means you can make choices guided by the experience of how things feel to you. Go with what feels good, not with what you think would look good to others.
You don’t need to impress anyone. You are good enough exactly as you are. We are not necessarily accepted by people because we impress them and, in fact, if we try too hard to do that, we are more likely to be rejected. You don’t have to say “top” university, you can be proud of what you have achieved, but without being competitive.
We do care about what people think about us. We want friendly colleagues and close friends-it matters. People will want to be around you because they feel seen by you and you can get on each other’s wavelengths, not because you are impressive. So let go of impressing and think more about relating. Worthiness is not about being a top academic, it is about being a caring, curious human being.
Philippa
3. What does the underlined word “relating” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Showing empathy. B. Turning for help.
C. Establishing new relationships. D. Pleasing people.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Worthiness is not about being a top academic, it is about being a caring, curious human being.(价值不在于成为顶尖的学者，而在于成为一个关心他人、充满好奇心的人)”可知，菲利帕认为我们要关心他人，即对他人表现出同情心。故划线词意思是“表现同情心”。故选A。
高考练场
题型01 细节事实题
(2023年新高考全国I卷B篇）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题
(2023年全国高考新课标II卷英语C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者提到电子阅读器，想要表达的是虽然印刷书看起来很古老，但是它们并没有被完全取代。它们仍然是一种交互式的媒介，需要读者去打开、翻阅、查阅内容，也许还会写下笔记或者画线。由此我们可以推断出，印刷书并没有完全过时。故选A。
题型03 推理推断题
(2023年全国英语乙卷C篇)
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
31. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”(随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。)可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
题型04 词义、句义猜测题
(2023年全国英语甲卷B篇)
Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)
FIVE UNUSUAL SPORTS
What sports are you into Football Tennis Swimming If you’re looking for a change, you might like to try one of these.
Octopush
Octopush (or underwater hockey as it’s also known) is a form of hockey that’s played in a swimming pool. Participants wear a mask and snorkel and try to move a puck (水球) across the bottom of a pool. The sport has become popular in countries such as the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. An ability to hold your breath for long periods of time is a definite plus.
Zoobombing
Zoobombing involves riding a children’s bike down a steep hill. The sport originated in the US city of Portland in Oregon in 2002. Participants carry their bikes on the MAX Light Rail and go to the Washington Park station next to Oregon Zoo (which is why it’s called “zoobombing”). From there, they take a lift to the surface, and then ride the mini-bikes down the hills in the area.
Office Chair Racing
Office Chair Racing consists of racing down a hill in office chairs that can reach speeds of up to 30kph. Strict rules are in place for competitors: they’re allowed to fit in-line skate wheels and handles to their chairs, but no motors. “We check each chair carefully in advance,” one of the organizers explained. The participants race in pairs wearing protective padding as they launch themselves from a ramp (坡道). Prizes are given to the fastest competitors and also for the best-designed chairs.
Fit 4 Drums
Fit 4 Drums is a new form of cardio-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructor, the class involves beating a specially-designed drum with two sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first group fitness activity where you get to play a drum while getting an intense workout. A sense of rhythm is a definite advantage!
Horse Boarding
Horse Boarding involves being towed behind a horse at 35mph on an off-road skateboard. Professional stuntman Daniel Fowler Prime invented the sport after he strung a rope between his off-road “mountain board” and a horse. Participants stand on a board while holding onto a rope, attempting to maintain their balance as the horse gallops (疾驰) ahead. “The horse rider and the horse have to work together because if they don’t, the horse goes flying,”Daniel explained.
So, which sport would you like to try
1. What do you need to do if you want to play Octopush
A. Swim on the surface of the water. B. Hold your breath before the sport.
C. Play it by the side of the seashore. D. Wear underwater breathing devices.
2. Which activity will you choose if you want to take part in collective fitness
A. Zoobombing. B. Office Chair Racing. C. Fit 4 Drums. D. Horse Boarding.
3. What proverb does Horse Boarding tell us
A. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. B. Never let your feet run faster than your shoes.
C. The bigger they come, the harder they fall. D. Every chess master was once a beginner.
B
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中) The turn of the year is the time for reviewing one’s life, and for making some resolutions about what to concentrate on in the coming year; and for many years I have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition.
One thing I decide on this year is to give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bookman column in this magazine. It’s not that I’ve lost interest in the book world. But Leonard Woolf, husband of American writer Virginia Wool (1882—1941), used to say a man should change his career every seven years. Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far, I do find that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business.
It is over 15 years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a regular piece about what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene. He approached me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blog called, Grumpy Old Bookman.
As my monthly survey of developments in both traditional and digital publishing continued, in this magazine, I began to realize that writers in this century, of both fiction and non-fiction, are living in something close to a paradise (天堂). Once, you struggled for years to find a publisher— or an agent if you wanted one—but now you can publish your own stuff, either digitally or in paperback, without it costing you a penny piece.
After about five years of producing such columns, it occurred to me that, rather than let these essays fade away on the seas of time, it might be valuable to publish my thoughts and comments in book form to potential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format, using Amazon’s Create Space facilities. Title: Writers Rejoice! A monthly diary of the dawn of the digital age, which was my first trial. And now I sincerely wish a new 2024.
4. Why does the author want to give up writing the column
A. He is fed up with the career linked to books. B. He is very keen on trying something new.
C. He follows Leonard Woolf’s suggestion. D. He’s used to changing his job every seven years.
5. According to the author, what can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. Now it is amazing to find a publisher easily. B. Publishing industry is a profitable business.
C. It is rather hard to publish books nowadays. D. It is a blessing to live in the present times.
6. What do you think of the author
A. Emotional and good at controlling himself. B. Dedicated but easy to doubt himself.
C. Purposeful and good at self-adjustment. D. Ambitious but unwilling to change himself.
7. What does the author mainly want to tell us
A. Giving up timely is another virtue. B. Changing the job means a new opportunity.
C. The beginning of a year is a new start. D. Reflection can drive us to push forward.
C
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州第一中学校考开学考试) “Can we eat this one, Dad ” my four-year-old daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re on one of our Thursday adventures, searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms. She’s pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots. I pull out my handy mushroom-identification app, which notes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared properly, is also a known hallucinogen (致幻剂). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says, and that I don’t think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
It’s not all easy—but sometimes that’s the point. Alicia practices the violin every day, and although she enjoys it, even 15 minutes of practice can upset her. The trick, I’ve found, is to let her watch me try to get better at something, too. I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then improve, she’ll understand that things don’t come easy, even for grown-ups. I know there’s going to be a time when I’ll end up on the sideline cheering her on as she finds her own passions. I’m okay with this, and I’m hoping that by then she’ll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.
8. What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”
A. It is rewarding to learn new skills. B. Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C. He will explore more with his daughter. D. His daughter will accompany him forever.
9. Why does the father start learning to play the piano
A. To prove it is never too old to learn. B. To set a good example for his daughter.
C. To experience the joy of piano practice. D. To share with his daughter musical knowledge.
10. Which of the following can best describe the father
A. Rigid and humorous. B. Cautious and inspiring.
C. Creative and thoughtful. D. Ambitious and patient.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Thrill of the Skill B. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Like Father, Like Daughter D. The Power of Knowledge
D
(2023上·福建泉州·高三福建省永春第一中学校联考期中) Pretending sickness may get harder. Slipping a day off work by nervously coughing down the phone to your boss might not work. Very soon your company might be able to tell whether your symptoms are real, just from your voice.
An Indian research team tried to tell a “cold voice” from a healthy voice. Their research makes use of the fact that human speech, like any musical instrument, does not produce single frequencies of sounds. Even the best trained singers cannot hit pure notes like those from tuning forks. The dominant notes in the human voice are instead accompanied by a series of higher pitch (音高) tones.
Together these sets of notes fit into mathematical patterns called harmonics (和声), with tones having frequencies that are multiples of the original note. For example, the pitch of the second harmonic note is twice the frequency of the main note and so on. The loudness of these harmonics in speech tends to fade as they proceed up the frequency scale. The team reasoned that infection with a cold might change how this decline happened.
To find out, the scientists made use of an unusual resource: recordings of the voices of 630 people in Germany, 111 of whom were suffering from a cold. Each was asked to count from one to 40 and describe what they did at the weekend. They also read aloud a fable The North Wind and the Sun, which has been a popular text for speech research since 1949. By breaking down each person’s speech into its spectrum (声谱) of component wavelengths, the researchers could identify the dominant frequency and the harmonics in each case. They then used machine-learning to analyse the relationships between the loudness of these harmonics and found patterns that could distinguish the cold voices from the healthy voices.
The team’s diagnosis of cold voice shows a 70% accuracy. Faced with another dull Monday at the office, would you take the risk
12. On what basis is the research performed
A. Human speeches vary in frequencies. B. Training has no effect on human notes.
C. Humans speak like musical instruments. D. Higher pitch notes dominate human voices.
13. What may reduce the volume of human harmonics
A. The pitch of harmonics. B. A pretended cold voice.
C. The sets of human notes. D. Higher sound frequencies.
14. Why are the participants required to read the fable
A. It is easy to understand. B. It is valuable in literature.
C. It is popular with speakers. D. It is suitable for the research.
15. What does the author want to tell us
A. Human speech reflects health B. Pretending sickness is a trend.
C. Voice changes with conditions. D. Changing voice is of great risk.
参考答案与解析
A篇
1. D 2. C 3. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五种不同寻常的运动。
1. 细节理解题。根据Octopush中“Participants wear a mask and snorkel and try to move a puck (水球) across the bottom of a pool. (参与者戴着面具，戴着通气管，试着在泳池底部移动一个冰球。)”可知，如果你想玩Octopush，你需要佩戴水下呼吸装置。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Fit 4 Drums中“Fit 4 Drums is a new form of cardio-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructor, the class involves beating a specially-designed drum with two sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first group fitness activity where you get to play a drum while getting an intense workout. A sense of rhythm is a definite advantage! (Fit 4 Drums是一种有节奏的有氧运动。在教练的带领下，该课程包括用两根棍子敲击一个专门设计的鼓，同时跳舞。这是第一项集体健身活动，你可以在进行高强度锻炼的同时打鼓。有节奏感是绝对的优势！)”可知，如果你想参加集体健身，应该选择Fit 4 Drums。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据Horse Boarding中“The horse rider and the horse have to work together because if they don’t, the horse goes flying.(骑手和马必须合作，因为如果他们不合作，马就会飞起来。)”可知，Horse Boarding告诉我们“不要让你的脚跳得比你的鞋子快”，说明运动中必须合作一致。故选B项。
B篇
4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来重新审视自己的抱负，今年作者准备放弃自己的专栏，开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式出版出来，让潜在读者受益，于是作者进行了第一次尝试。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But Leonard Woolf, husband of American writer Virginia Wool (1882—1941), used to say a man should change his career every seven years. Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far, I do find that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business. (但是作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔的丈夫伦纳德·伍尔夫，曾经说过一个男人应该每七年换一次职业。虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。)”可知，作者放弃写专栏是因为他采纳了伦纳德·伍尔夫的建议。故选C项。
5. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I began to realize that writers in this century, of both fiction and non-fiction, are living in something close to a paradise(天堂) (我开始意识到，这个世纪的小说和非小说作家都生活在一个接近天堂的地方)”和“but now you can publish your own stuff, either digitally or in paperback, without it costing you a penny piece (但现在你可以出版自己的作品了，无论是电子版的作品还是平装本的作品，每本都不用花一分钱)”可知，作者认为如今的作家生活在一个天堂般的地方，作家们出版自己的作品可以不用花一分钱，由此可推测出，作者认为生活在当今这个时代是一种福气。故选D项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“and for many years I have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition (多年来，我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负)”、第二段中的“One thing I decide on this year is to give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bookman column in this magazine. (今年我决定放弃在这本杂志上写‘脾气暴躁的老书呆子’专栏。)”和“Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far, I do find that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business. (虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。)”可知，作者一直在审视自己的抱负，并放弃了一直写的专栏，并且作者认为偶尔尝试一份新工作是一种很好的提神剂，由此可推测出，作者非常善于自我调整。根据最后一段中的“After about five years of producing such columns, it occurred to me that, rather than let these essays fade away on the seas of time, it might be valuable to publish my thoughts and comments in book form to potential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format, using Amazon’s Create Space facilities. (在写了大约五年这样的专栏之后，我突然想到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中消失，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式出版给潜在的读者看。因此，在2014年，我使用亚马逊的Create Space，以平装本的形式出版了前69篇GOB专栏。)”可知，作者决定把自己的想法和评论出版出来，并且最终付诸了行动，由此可推测出，作者是一个目的明确的人。故选C项。
7. 文章大意题。通读全文可知，第一段“The turn of the year is the time for reviewing one’s life, and for making some resolutions about what to concentrate on in the coming year; and for many years I have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition. (一年之交是回顾自己生活的时候，也是决定来年要专注于什么的时候；我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负。)”引出本文要谈论的话题，即作者总是会自我反思，接下来具体讲述了作者准备放弃自己的专栏并开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式出版出来这件事的经过。由此可推测出，作者主要想告诉我们反思可以推动我们前进。故选D项。
C篇
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章通过作者女儿不断的尝试各种技能的同时，父亲也做出了表率，希望女儿能够明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。父亲希望技能可以给孩子带来乐趣。
8. 句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。
9. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then improve, she’ll understand that things don’t come easy, even for grown-ups. ”（我从41岁开始上钢琴课，心想如果她看到我在练习和进步的过程中苦苦挣扎，她就会明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。）可知，父亲开始学弹钢琴为了给女儿树立一个好榜样。故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘Can we eat this one, Dad ’ my four-year-old daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re on one of our Thursday adventures, searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms. She’s pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots. I pull out my handy mushroom-identification app, which notes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared properly, is also a known hallucinogen (致幻剂). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says, and that I don’t think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.”（“我们可以吃这个吗，爸爸 ”我四岁的女儿艾丽西娅(Alicia)问道。我们正在进行周四的一次冒险，在附近的树林里寻找可食用的蘑菇。她指着一顶布满白点的鲜红色帽子。我拿出手边的蘑菇识别软件，上面显示，如果准备得当，毒蝇伞虽然可以食用，但也是一种已知的致幻剂。我有一个坚定的“告诉他们真相，并尽可能精确”的理念，并解释了应用程序的内容，我认为我们的周四冒险还没有准备好进行那样的冒险。）可知，作者在女儿问他一种毒蝇伞蘑菇是否可食用，作者查找识别软件，并认为不能尝试食用这种蘑菇，说明作者是一个谨慎的人。最后一段“I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then improve, she’ll understand that things don’t come easy, even for grown-ups. ”（我从41岁开始上钢琴课，心想如果她看到我在练习和进步的过程中苦苦挣扎，她就会明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。）可知，父亲开始学弹钢琴为了给女儿树立一个好榜样，说明他是一个鼓舞人心的人。故选B。
11. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ I know there’s going to be a time when I’ll end up on the sideline cheering her on as she finds her own passions. I’m okay with this, and I’m hoping that by then she’ll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.”（我知道总有一天我会在场边为她加油，因为她找到了自己的激情所在。我对此没有意见，我希望到那时她会把实践和知识的乐趣贯穿一生。）可知，本文通过作者女儿不断的尝试各种技能的同时，父亲也做出了表率，希望女儿能够明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。父亲希望技能可以给孩子带来乐趣。所以“技能带来的快感”符合最佳标题，故选A。
D篇
12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述印度的一个研究小组试图区分感冒的声音和健康的声音。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Their research makes use of the fact that human speech, like any musical instrument, does not produce single frequencies of sounds.(他们的研究利用了这样一个事实，即人类的语言和任何乐器一样，不会产生单一频率的声音)”可知，该研究理论基础是人的语言频率是不同的。故选A项。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The loudness of these harmonics in speech tends to fade as they proceed up the frequency scale. (这些和声在语音中的响度往往会随着它们在频率范围内的上升而减弱)”可知，较高的声音频率会减少人类和声的响度。故选D项。
14. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“By breaking down each person’s speech into its spectrum (声谱) of component wavelengths, the researchers could identify the dominant frequency and the harmonics in each case. They then used machine-learning to analyse the relationships between the loudness of these harmonics and found patterns that could distinguish the cold voices from the healthy voices.(通过将每个人的语音分解为其分量波长谱，研究人员可以识别出每种情况下的主频和和声。然后，他们使用机器学习来分析这些和声的响度之间的关系，并找到了可以区分感冒声音和健康声音的模式)”可知，测试者被要求读寓言是因为可用他们的声音来分析。由此推知，这样做是为了配合该研究。故选D项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The loudness of these harmonics in speech tends to fade as they proceed up the frequency scale. The team reasoned that infection with a cold might change how this decline happened.(这些和声在语音中的响度往往会随着它们在频率范围内的上升而减弱。研究小组推断，感染感冒可能会改变这种下降的发生方式)”以及联系上下文可推知，作者想告诉我们声音随着环境的变化而变化。故选C项。专题11 阅读理解之记叙文
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
高考记叙文阅读理解注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，涵盖了人物故事、社会文化等方面，符合新课标人与自我、人与自然、人与社会三大主题语境，凸显语言与文化相结合。高考记叙文的篇幅一般都在280至350词左右，段落较多。文章语法结构多样化、表达方式灵活，常用短语和平时不常见到的表达交织在文章中，使文章更加生动和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的难度。2020-2023年高考试题中的记叙文考查情况（见下表）：
序号 来 源 语 篇 概 述 主题语境 词数
1 2023年新高考I卷B篇 爱思考且好学的John建造了一个生态机器，利用自然自我修复的原理来净化污水 人与自我 329
2 2023年全国甲卷B篇 DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及此项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势 人与社会 276
3 2022年全国甲卷C篇 Ginni从小就热爱旅游，后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象 人与自然 301
4 2021年全国甲卷C篇 作者在不停的搬家过程中，从不适应到融入了当地的生活的一个过程 人与社会 321
5 2020年新高考II卷B篇 作者想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法，收集学生们带到学校的玩具，后来将其变成了现实 人与社会 288
6 2020年全国甲卷D篇 以时间顺序讲述作者不同暑期对图书馆的热爱 人与自我 334
题型归纳
题型01 细节事实题
【题型诠释】
细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。?
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。
【典例1】(湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考英语试题)
Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects solely through touch, without relying on vision.
Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, from small toys, cans to even fruits and vegetables, without bruising or damaging them. The robotic hand accomplished these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark.
To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function: detect whether an object is touching it or not.
What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low-cost touch sensors that use simple, binary (二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in-hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high-cost touch sensors affixed to a small area of the robotic hand, primarily at the fingertips.
The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without stalling or losing its hold. The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape.
The researchers are now working on extending their approach to more complex manipulation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to catch, throw and juggle, for example. “If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform,” said one of the researchers.
8. What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean
10. Why is the toy rubber duck difficult for a robotic hand to rotate
A. It’s never been seen by robots. B. It has an unusual shape.
C. It has a unique smell. D. It can damage robots.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape. (这些物品包括一个西红柿、辣椒、一罐花生酱和一个玩具橡皮鸭，由于它的形状，橡皮鸭是最具挑战性的物品。)”可知，橡皮鸭特殊的形状使得机械手很难旋转它。故选B。
题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题
【题型诠释】
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。
此类题的设问方式:?
1.What would be the best title for the text ?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss ?
3.What is the passage mainly about ?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is __________.?
【典例2】(2024届高三浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题)
Noisy family Loud construction right outside your window A new flexible loudspeaker could help you rest easily. It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems.
The new loudspeaker is about as thick as a few sheets of paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces to control noise much easier, notes Jinchi Han, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Lots of dome-shaped (圆顶状的) microstructures are in the centre of the new speaker. Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes. “The bottom layer lifts up the small domes so that they can vibrate (震动) freely, and the upper protective layer is thicker than the domes that are secured in the middle of the layers,” he explains. “So if you touch the surface, you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.”
Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier.
Each dome works as a tiny speaker. The domes can generate sound waves all together, in groups or individually. Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you. Those same speakers could then dampen or cancel unwanted sound. “If you desire, you could turn any space into a quiet zone where you could sleep or study with barely any noise,” Han says. He also sees applications in cars, airplanes, apartments or wherever unwanted noise is a problem.
Large versions could be the next step for this super-thin speakers, says Lori Beckstead, a sound artist.
“The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,” Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic.
15. What is Beckstead’s attitude to the application of the new speakers
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案】A
【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,’ Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise- canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic. (Beckstead补充说：‘这种新型扬声器非常轻薄，可以放置在传统扬声器可能不切实际的地方。’她指出，在从餐馆到嘈杂的工业工厂的嘈杂空间中添加降噪技术将是非常棒的)”可推知， Beckstead对这种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。故选A。
题型03 推理推断题
【题型诠释】
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。
此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：?
1. We can infer from the passage that __________.?
2. What / Which of the following can be inferred from the passage ?
3. It can be inferred / concluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________.?
4. The author suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________.?
5. On the whole / From the text / After reading the passage, we can conclude that __________.?
6. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage ?
7. The author is inclined to think that __________.?
8. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________.?
9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling towards... ?
10. In the writer’s opinion,...?
【典例3】(湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考英语试题)
At only 8 years old, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed more character than some people ever manage. It all started about a year ago when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle House in Little Rock, Arkansas. His family goes for breakfast there at least once a week, and they always choose to sit in a certain waiter’s section.
Devonte Gardner is a father of two who works hard for his living. He always has a smile on his face, and he quickly formed a friendly relationship with Kayzen and his family. “I come with a positive attitude,” Devonte said. “I treat everybody with smile. I also love to see everybody smile.” His kindness affected Kayzen. “Devonte is just a really nice person,” he explained. “Really good guy. Super nice to everyone he meets.”
After a year of contact, the child’s family learned the truth behind Devonte’s bright smile. Devonte, his wife, and their two young daughters have been living in a cheap motel for the past eight months. Their former apartment was filled with bugs and had black mold(黑霉), which made his kids sick. Every cent Devonte makes goes toward keeping his children fed, clothed, and housed, and the struggle was overwhelming. Since he can’t afford a car, he also walks to and from work every day. Even so, he showed up at work every day with a smile on his face, ready to serve and make friends with customers like Kayzen.
Kayzen knew right away that he wanted to help his friend. He went home and told his mom, Vittoria Hunter, that he wanted to start a GoFundMe to help Devonte get money for a new car.
“Devonte is one of the most joyous and positive people you’ve ever met!” Vittoria and Kayzen wrote on the GoFundMe. “He always greets us with the biggest smile. I hope you will help me spread kindness in the world. ” Their initial goal was $5,000, but word quickly spread in their community. The GoFundMe currently sits at over $100,000!
4. Why are Kayzen and his family mentioned in paragraph 1
A. To explain the importance of a smile. B. To show the great popularity of the restaurant.
C. To introduce the main character of the text. D. To present the relationship of characters.
【答案】C
【答案】推理判断题。根据第一段“At only 8 years old, Kayzen Hunter has already displayed more character than some people ever manage. It all started about a year ago when the child became a regular diner at the Waffle House in Little Rock, Arkansas. His family goes for breakfast there at least once a week, and they always choose to sit in a certain waiter’s section.(年仅8岁的Kayzen Hunter已经展现出了比一些人所能表现出的更多的性格。这一切始于大约一年前，当时这个孩子成为阿肯色州小石城华夫饼屋的常客。他的家人每周至少去那里吃一次早餐，他们总是选择坐在某个服务员区。)”和第二段前两句“Devonte Gardner is a father of two who works hard for his living. He always has a smile on his face, and he quickly formed a friendly relationship with Kayzen and his family.(Devonte Gardner是两个孩子的父亲，他努力工作谋生。他总是面带微笑，很快就与Kayzen和他的家人建立了友好的关系。)”可知，文章首段介绍八岁的Kayzen和他的家人经常去Devonte工作的餐厅就餐，并且和Devonte建立了非常友好的关系。再结合下文讲述Kayzen帮助Devonte筹集资金的故事可推知，首段中介绍Kayzen以及他的家庭是为了引出本文真正的主人公 Devonte以及他们之间的故事。故选C。
题型04 词义、句义猜测题
【题型诠释】
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。?
此类题的设问方式主要有：?
1.The word “...” in Line...means/can be replaced by...?
2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests...?
3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
【典例4】(湖北省华中师大一附中2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题)
Dear Editor,
I’m now a postgraduate student and have studied at top universities, but am troubled that my life choices are conditioned by a need to prove myself, possibly resulting from a deep-rooted sense of insecurity. At school, I based my self-worth on academic success. I care excessively (过度地) about what impression I’m making and can’t bear the thought of displeasing people. How can I stop caring what other people think
Mr. Perfect
Dear Mr. Perfect,
You are living your life by externally referencing. This means your actions are guided by what you imagine other people think of you. Your challenge is to become more internally referenced, which means you can make choices guided by the experience of how things feel to you. Go with what feels good, not with what you think would look good to others.
You don’t need to impress anyone. You are good enough exactly as you are. We are not necessarily accepted by people because we impress them and, in fact, if we try too hard to do that, we are more likely to be rejected. You don’t have to say “top” university, you can be proud of what you have achieved, but without being competitive.
We do care about what people think about us. We want friendly colleagues and close friends-it matters. People will want to be around you because they feel seen by you and you can get on each other’s wavelengths, not because you are impressive. So let go of impressing and think more about relating. Worthiness is not about being a top academic, it is about being a caring, curious human being.
Philippa
3. What does the underlined word “relating” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Showing empathy. B. Turning for help.
C. Establishing new relationships. D. Pleasing people.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Worthiness is not about being a top academic, it is about being a caring, curious human being.(价值不在于成为顶尖的学者，而在于成为一个关心他人、充满好奇心的人)”可知，菲利帕认为我们要关心他人，即对他人表现出同情心。故划线词意思是“表现同情心”。故选A。
高考练场
题型01 细节事实题
(2023年新高考全国I卷B篇）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题
(2023年全国高考新课标II卷英语C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
题型03 推理推断题
(2023年全国英语乙卷C篇)
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
31. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
题型04 词义、句义猜测题
(2023年全国英语甲卷B篇)
Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
名校模拟
A
(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)
FIVE UNUSUAL SPORTS
What sports are you into Football Tennis Swimming If you’re looking for a change, you might like to try one of these.
Octopush
Octopush (or underwater hockey as it’s also known) is a form of hockey that’s played in a swimming pool. Participants wear a mask and snorkel and try to move a puck (水球) across the bottom of a pool. The sport has become popular in countries such as the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. An ability to hold your breath for long periods of time is a definite plus.
Zoobombing
Zoobombing involves riding a children’s bike down a steep hill. The sport originated in the US city of Portland in Oregon in 2002. Participants carry their bikes on the MAX Light Rail and go to the Washington Park station next to Oregon Zoo (which is why it’s called “zoobombing”). From there, they take a lift to the surface, and then ride the mini-bikes down the hills in the area.
Office Chair Racing
Office Chair Racing consists of racing down a hill in office chairs that can reach speeds of up to 30kph. Strict rules are in place for competitors: they’re allowed to fit in-line skate wheels and handles to their chairs, but no motors. “We check each chair carefully in advance,” one of the organizers explained. The participants race in pairs wearing protective padding as they launch themselves from a ramp (坡道). Prizes are given to the fastest competitors and also for the best-designed chairs.
Fit 4 Drums
Fit 4 Drums is a new form of cardio-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructor, the class involves beating a specially-designed drum with two sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first group fitness activity where you get to play a drum while getting an intense workout. A sense of rhythm is a definite advantage!
Horse Boarding
Horse Boarding involves being towed behind a horse at 35mph on an off-road skateboard. Professional stuntman Daniel Fowler Prime invented the sport after he strung a rope between his off-road “mountain board” and a horse. Participants stand on a board while holding onto a rope, attempting to maintain their balance as the horse gallops (疾驰) ahead. “The horse rider and the horse have to work together because if they don’t, the horse goes flying,”Daniel explained.
So, which sport would you like to try
1. What do you need to do if you want to play Octopush
A. Swim on the surface of the water. B. Hold your breath before the sport.
C. Play it by the side of the seashore. D. Wear underwater breathing devices.
2. Which activity will you choose if you want to take part in collective fitness
A. Zoobombing. B. Office Chair Racing. C. Fit 4 Drums. D. Horse Boarding.
3. What proverb does Horse Boarding tell us
A. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. B. Never let your feet run faster than your shoes.
C. The bigger they come, the harder they fall. D. Every chess master was once a beginner.
B
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中) The turn of the year is the time for reviewing one’s life, and for making some resolutions about what to concentrate on in the coming year; and for many years I have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition.
One thing I decide on this year is to give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bookman column in this magazine. It’s not that I’ve lost interest in the book world. But Leonard Woolf, husband of American writer Virginia Wool (1882—1941), used to say a man should change his career every seven years. Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far, I do find that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business.
It is over 15 years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a regular piece about what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene. He approached me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blog called, Grumpy Old Bookman.
As my monthly survey of developments in both traditional and digital publishing continued, in this magazine, I began to realize that writers in this century, of both fiction and non-fiction, are living in something close to a paradise (天堂). Once, you struggled for years to find a publisher— or an agent if you wanted one—but now you can publish your own stuff, either digitally or in paperback, without it costing you a penny piece.
After about five years of producing such columns, it occurred to me that, rather than let these essays fade away on the seas of time, it might be valuable to publish my thoughts and comments in book form to potential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format, using Amazon’s Create Space facilities. Title: Writers Rejoice! A monthly diary of the dawn of the digital age, which was my first trial. And now I sincerely wish a new 2024.
4. Why does the author want to give up writing the column
A. He is fed up with the career linked to books. B. He is very keen on trying something new.
C. He follows Leonard Woolf’s suggestion. D. He’s used to changing his job every seven years.
5. According to the author, what can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. Now it is amazing to find a publisher easily. B. Publishing industry is a profitable business.
C. It is rather hard to publish books nowadays. D. It is a blessing to live in the present times.
6. What do you think of the author
A. Emotional and good at controlling himself. B. Dedicated but easy to doubt himself.
C. Purposeful and good at self-adjustment. D. Ambitious but unwilling to change himself.
7. What does the author mainly want to tell us
A. Giving up timely is another virtue. B. Changing the job means a new opportunity.
C. The beginning of a year is a new start. D. Reflection can drive us to push forward.
C
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州第一中学校考开学考试) “Can we eat this one, Dad ” my four-year-old daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re on one of our Thursday adventures, searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms. She’s pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots. I pull out my handy mushroom-identification app, which notes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared properly, is also a known hallucinogen (致幻剂). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says, and that I don’t think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
It’s not all easy—but sometimes that’s the point. Alicia practices the violin every day, and although she enjoys it, even 15 minutes of practice can upset her. The trick, I’ve found, is to let her watch me try to get better at something, too. I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then improve, she’ll understand that things don’t come easy, even for grown-ups. I know there’s going to be a time when I’ll end up on the sideline cheering her on as she finds her own passions. I’m okay with this, and I’m hoping that by then she’ll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.
8. What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”
A. It is rewarding to learn new skills. B. Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C. He will explore more with his daughter. D. His daughter will accompany him forever.
9. Why does the father start learning to play the piano
A. To prove it is never too old to learn. B. To set a good example for his daughter.
C. To experience the joy of piano practice. D. To share with his daughter musical knowledge.
10. Which of the following can best describe the father
A. Rigid and humorous. B. Cautious and inspiring.
C. Creative and thoughtful. D. Ambitious and patient.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Thrill of the Skill B. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Like Father, Like Daughter D. The Power of Knowledge
D
(2023上·福建泉州·高三福建省永春第一中学校联考期中) Pretending sickness may get harder. Slipping a day off work by nervously coughing down the phone to your boss might not work. Very soon your company might be able to tell whether your symptoms are real, just from your voice.
An Indian research team tried to tell a “cold voice” from a healthy voice. Their research makes use of the fact that human speech, like any musical instrument, does not produce single frequencies of sounds. Even the best trained singers cannot hit pure notes like those from tuning forks. The dominant notes in the human voice are instead accompanied by a series of higher pitch (音高) tones.
Together these sets of notes fit into mathematical patterns called harmonics (和声), with tones having frequencies that are multiples of the original note. For example, the pitch of the second harmonic note is twice the frequency of the main note and so on. The loudness of these harmonics in speech tends to fade as they proceed up the frequency scale. The team reasoned that infection with a cold might change how this decline happened.
To find out, the scientists made use of an unusual resource: recordings of the voices of 630 people in Germany, 111 of whom were suffering from a cold. Each was asked to count from one to 40 and describe what they did at the weekend. They also read aloud a fable The North Wind and the Sun, which has been a popular text for speech research since 1949. By breaking down each person’s speech into its spectrum (声谱) of component wavelengths, the researchers could identify the dominant frequency and the harmonics in each case. They then used machine-learning to analyse the relationships between the loudness of these harmonics and found patterns that could distinguish the cold voices from the healthy voices.
The team’s diagnosis of cold voice shows a 70% accuracy. Faced with another dull Monday at the office, would you take the risk
12. On what basis is the research performed
A. Human speeches vary in frequencies. B. Training has no effect on human notes.
C. Humans speak like musical instruments. D. Higher pitch notes dominate human voices.
13. What may reduce the volume of human harmonics
A. The pitch of harmonics. B. A pretended cold voice.
C. The sets of human notes. D. Higher sound frequencies.
14. Why are the participants required to read the fable
A. It is easy to understand. B. It is valuable in literature.
C. It is popular with speakers. D. It is suitable for the research.
15. What does the author want to tell us
A. Human speech reflects health B. Pretending sickness is a trend.
C. Voice changes with conditions. D. Changing voice is of great risk.
