专题16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）
2019-2023年高考英语阅读表达考情分析
年份 月份 文体 具 体 内 容
2023年北京卷 说明文 习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
2022年北京卷 记叙文 文章讲述15岁的汤姆发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
2022年天津卷 3月 记叙文 退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。
6月 记叙文 记叙作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
2021年北京卷 说明文 最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
2021年天津卷 3月 记叙文 找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变。
6月 记叙文 讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
2020年天津卷 3月 记叙文 作者从内向害羞到自信的转变
6月 记叙文 找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长
2019年天津卷 3月 记叙文 热情及创新能力给他人带来积极的影响
6月 记叙文 文章主要讲了梅布里作为一名13年的学校管理者，正因为他努力工作乐于助人才获得了学生们的爱。
阅读表达属于主观题，是一种综合性的题型。它的作用是综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。要求学生阅读一篇300词左右的短文，并按照题目要求用英语组织语言回答问题要求考生能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。
此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
题型归纳
题型01 细节表达题
【题型诠释】
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why .. 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because of ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; To +动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What ... 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：How ... （询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing )..；完整的句子。
【典例1】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success
Researchers at Google have tackled this question. They collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best They put forward many theories but found no patters to support them.
In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time—not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a project. Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood the principles. However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently underlines effective group performance.
40. What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence
41. Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency.
43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence (In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
42. Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
43. There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. (然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
43. 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
题型02 主旨表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ...
② What’s the passage mainly about
③ What’s the best title for the passage
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What .../ Why ... How .../ How to...
【典例2】(2023上·天津·高三天津一中校考阶段练习) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents.
If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” If you didn’t feel such vacation blues, then imagine taking a leave of absence. You could use it to work on a novel, attend classes or just sit around watching TV. At the end of three months, in all likelihood, your self-respect would be at an all-time low. While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.
The second and perhaps more common reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you’ve been at a company for five years and get married, have a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren’t turning out as you’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest restrict of all. People hate having to do something because they have no other choice.
If you find yourself hating your job, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. You’re not giving up on your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship.
At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren’t. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.
56. What are people likely to do after a long vacation according to the author (No more than 10 words)
57. What can people get from work according to the second paragraph (No more than 10 words)
58. How do you interpret the underlined word in the last paragraph (One word)
59. What do you think is the main idea of the passage (No more than 15 words)
60. What will you do if you hate your job one day in the future (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. They are likely to go back to work.
57. People can get some form of order in their lives.
58. Undertaking.
59. It’s about two reasons why people do not like work.
60. I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own situation and strive to get what I need from it.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” (更有可能是在阳光下享受一周半的乐趣，然后再花半个星期的时间说：“天哪，我等不及要回去工作了。”)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们很可能在长假之后想要回去工作。故答案为They are likely to go back to work.
57. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.(只工作不玩耍是不好的，只玩耍不工作是灾难性的。我们需要感觉我们正在完成一些事情。我们的生活也需要某种形式的秩序)”可知，人们可以从工作中获得某种形式的生活秩序。故答案为People can get some form of order in their lives.
58. 考查词句理解。根据划线词上文“At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is(对工作场所采取积极态度的核心是)”及下文“responsibility for your own situation(自己处境的责任)”及常识可知，此处指承担自己处境的责任。由此可知，划线词assuming与undertaking“承担”意思一致。故答案为Undertaking.
59. 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs There are two primary reasons.(为什么这么多人对自己的工作不满意？主要有两个原因)”可知，文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。故答案为It’s about two reasons why people do not like work.
60. 考查开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如：我会积极调整自己的态度，对自己的处境负责，并努力从中得到我所需要的。故答案为I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own situation and strive to get what I need from it.
题型03 推断表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the purpose of the text
② For what purpose does the author mention ... in Paragraph ...
③ What does the author really mean by saying ...
④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...
⑤ What does ... imply
⑥ What can we learn from the text
【典例3】(2023·北京·人大附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
40. What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics
41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
43. Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. 50 push-ups
41. “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
42. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-ups。
41. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
42. 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. 开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
题型04 猜词表达题
【题型诠释】
1.题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
2.设问形式：
① What’s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph
② What does the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean
常用的回答形式有：
① To show / inform us that ...,
② To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to ...;
③ To encourage / persuade us to ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
【典例4】(2023上·天津南开·高三南开中学校考阶段练习)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
You’ve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it. That’s what T. McDowell’s advice to others is, and it’s certainly worked for him. This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
McDowell launched the company in 2012, which was originally called 4th Dimension Graphics. Two years later, it was recognized as Immersion Imaging. Surprisingly, he didn’t begin the company with the assistance of any partner, but instead founded it on his own with the experience and contacts that he already had.
“It’s always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I don’t lack any contracts right now. I like it because it’s flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a break for a while, I don’t have any problems.” If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.
Part of the reason why McDowell ended up in the computer industry might be explained by the exposure he had as a child. However, he spends his free time on more than just computers. His real interest lies in aviation. With his business spirit and success, McDowell won’t have a problem realizing his dreams of the sky one day
56. What does McDowell’s company focus on (No more than 10 words)
57. Why does McDowell want his company to be a one-person operation (no more than 5 words)
58. What does the underlined phrase “scale up” probably mean (One word)
59. How can he enjoy a steady income (No more than 10 words)
60. How does McDowell’s advice inspire you Please explain in your own words. (No more than 25 words)
【答案】
56. Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
57. Because it’s flexible.
58. Expand.
59. By working 30 to 60 hours per week.
60. Open. We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we should stay focused and go after our dreams.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了T. McDowell的创业经历和对未来的规划。他创办了名为Immersion Imaging的公司，专注于互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.(这位高中毕业生目前是Immersion Imaging的老板，这是一家成功的公司，专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。)”可知，McDowell的公司专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。故答案为Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““It’s always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I don’t lack any contracts right now. I like it because it’s flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a break for a while, I don’t have any problems.”(“这一直是一个人的经营。我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴或扩大业务规模，但我现在想保持这种方式，” McDowell说。“我现在不缺合同。我喜欢它，因为它很灵活，所以如果我需要更多的收入，我可以做更多的事情；如果我休息一段时间，我也不会有任何问题。”)”可知，McDowell希望自己的公司一个人经营，因为这种模式具有灵活性。故答案为Because it’s flexible.
58. 考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“I could easily take on partners(我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴)”，如果与别人合作，那么自然就会扩大业务规模。由此可知，划线单词和“扩大”相似。故答案为Expand.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.(如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时，Immersion Imaging公司将为他提供稳定的收入。)”可知，如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时就可以拥有稳定的收入。故答案为By working 30 to 60 hours per week.
60. 开放题。要求考生谈谈McDowell的建议对自己的启发，考生言之有理即可。结合第一段McDowell的建议“You’ve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it.(你必须知道自己的价值，知道你想要什么，并坚持下去。)”可知，McDowell认为我们应该先找到自己重视的东西，明白自己的梦想，然后坚持下去。故参考答案为We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we should stay focused and go after our dreams.
高考练场
题型01 细节表达题
(2021年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation (动画制作) too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get the tools to the people.” “You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“I’m an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their lives to catch up with her on this journey.
56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement (no more than 10 words)
57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software (no more than 10 words)
58. What is the main idea of Para. 3 (no more than 15 words)
59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4. (1 word)
60. What do you suggest old people learn to do Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others.
Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
57. To make professional products and express themselves.
Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works.
Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
58. Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
59. Develop.
60. To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
57. 考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is ‘to get the tools to the people.’‘You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,’ she explained.(她教Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来很专业，但仍然有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，有自己的特色，实现自己的梦想。故答案为To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
58. 考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works. (Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
59. 考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GoAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，cultivate他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语cultivate应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develop.
60. 考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，因为它使老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.
题型02 主旨表达题
(2020年天津市高考英语试卷6月) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1 (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth (no more than 7 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
60. What is your example of “cool” Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Receiving less attention than someone else. / Being less successful than someone else. / Feeling less successful than someone else. / Being neglected. / Feeling neglected.
That his brother left for college and he changed schools. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to a new school. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s attending a new school.
Joining the Science Olympiad team. / That he joined the Science Olympiad team. / Discovering his true interests (in science).
(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”. / He has discovered his own way to be cool. / He found his own identity.
Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am. / Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy. / Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【解析】
56. 根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you ... neglected (被忽略的) one. (就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。)根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填Receiving less attention than someone else. / Being less successful than someone else. / Feeling less successful than someone else. / Being neglected. / Feeling neglected.
57. 根据第二段的but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始。)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填That his brother left for college and he changed schools. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to a new school. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author's attending a new school.
58. 根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了。)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填Joining the Science Olympiad team. / That he joined the Science Olympiad team. / Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. 根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.（现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣）可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”. / He has discovered his own way to be cool. / He found his own identity.
60. 只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。参考Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am. / Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy. / Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
题型03 推断表达题
(2022年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying from electrical transformers (变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1 (1 word)
57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2 (no more than 6 words)
58. How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage (no more than 10 words)
59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve (no more than 8 words)
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation Please explain why. (no more than 25words)
【答案】
56. Fierce./ Strong./ Violent.
57. No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.
58. They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down. / By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.
59. It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable. / Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.
60. It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
56. 考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或violent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity (我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎么办呢？)” 可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困难。故答案为No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.。
58. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why not cook on the barbecue (为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、“so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐厅的桌子旁，一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒数，然后我掉了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.。
59. 考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。
60. 考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容的理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
题型04 猜词表达题
(2021年3月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision — leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
56. What was the author interested in when she was a little girl (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
57. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean (1 word)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
58. How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
59. What did the author do to get back to her creative life Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
60. Do you consider the author as your role model Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
56. She was interested in arts, crafts and music.
Or: She was interested in creative things.
57. Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58. She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy.
Or: She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59. She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course.
Or: She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60. Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.
Or: Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she. Or: No, (I don’t). I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation. (从我还是一个小女孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒险。)”可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感兴趣。故答案为She was interested in arts, crafts and music./ She was interested in creative things.
57. 考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句后句“Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change. (这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。不久我决定做出改变。)”可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内容“As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感). (当我越来越清楚地意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。没有活力，没有动力，没有满足感。)”可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让她感觉无聊。由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58. 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness. (当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给了我活力、热情和快乐。)”可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答案为She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./ She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段关键句“One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. (我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫课。)”，第四段关键句“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. (当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。)”和倒数第三段内容“I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma. (我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我做出了一个艰难的决定，离开我的工作，并全职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。)”可知，作者为了恢复她有创造力的生活，她参加了一个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上时装设计课，根据题目要求，从中选出两点事实即可，不超过15个词。故答案为She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course./ She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60. 开放题。题目询问“你认为作者是你的榜样吗？请解释一下原因。”本题为开放性试题，根据自己的理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可，不超过20个词，如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是“She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes. (她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的事。)”；如果答案是否定的，原因可以是“I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life. (我不喜欢变化，我想过安全的生活。)”。故答案为Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she./ No, (I don’t). I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.
名校模拟
(1)
（2023上·天津·高三天津市天津中学校考阶段练习）You saw the video, right The 45-second recording of a kid dancing in the rain There was something inspiring about it. In a moment when our social media channels have been flooded with unsettling news, here was a kid whose love for dance couldn’t be stopped by the rain. Or by the concrete (混凝土) ground he was dancing on. Or the fact that he was barefoot (赤脚的).
Since it was uploaded to Instagram in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu gathered thousands of views, likes, and comments. People seem to be absolutely stunned by the boy’s dedication (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent.
Madu is one of a dozen students between the ages of 5 and 12 at Leap Academy of Dance in Badagry. Daniel Ajala Owoseni, Anthony’s teacher, founded this school in Lagos in 2017. Unfortunately, even after 5 years, the school still doesn’t have a dedicated space for its students. Because of that, most of the time, they practice in Owoseni’s tiny home as well as public spaces in the community.
“We are trying to change the traditional thought around ballet dance. Boys can actually do ballet,” the teacher told the BBC. “Male ballet dancing is here to stay and it is not only supposed to be for females.”
“Where I live, there are no male ballet dancers like me,” young Anthony told a BBC reporter. When he is dancing, he said, “the feeling that comes over me is as if I am dreaming.”
The video eventually caught the attention of Cynthia Harvey, the current artistic director of the ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School of Dance, one of America’s most famous ballet schools. Fortunately, she succeeded in tracking Anthony down. Moreover, she had arranged for full scholarships (奖学金) so Anthony could attend the ABT virtual Young Dancer Summer Workshop, a three-week intensive program.
“A child who shows this much dedication, you just have to help,” she said. “You are not only changing your world there in Africa but you’re changing the hearts and minds of so many people.”
1. Why did Anthony’s video become so popular (no more than 10 words)
2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean (no more than 2 words)
3. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about (no more than 5 words)
4. What made Anthony qualify for the unusual scholarship Give two of the facts. (no more than 10 words)
5. Do you consider Anthony as your role model Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
(2)
（2023上·天津·高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!
Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a thick blanket. She looked smaller and older than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And during the most special days when Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair. She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.
She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the positive, and you will find your reason to live.
21. What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke (no more than 10 words)
22. How was Josie’s skill in gardening (no more than 5 words)
23. How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3 (no more than 5 words)
24. What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke (no more than 10 words)
25. How does Josie’s story inspire you Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
(3)
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考阶段练习）阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
After we all came to the conclusion that our family could responsibly care for dog; my husband and I started our search at a local animal shelter.
We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was a approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly fit into our family’s lifestyle. And he quickly learned the tricks like “sit” and “come”.
But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp---that of a watchdog. My husband was trying to teach him to remind us by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard. Duke would listen carefully to my husband’s commands, but would cock (竖起) his head to one side in confusion and disappointment as if to tell his master that he just didn’t understand what my husband was asking him to do. My husband would give his “watch” command. Duke would stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but would not have a clue as to what he was in readiness for.
One morning we heard the garbage collectors come up the driveway to get our garbage. My husband went to the open bedroom window so Duke could hear and see the men through the screen.
“Watch” my husband commanded. Duke rose in readiness, looked at my husband as sudden comprehension dawned on him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.
Seeing that, I couldn’t help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.
Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scolded or beat him. He was one of our family members.
1. What was Duke like when the author adopted him (no more than 10 words)
2. What did the author’s husband expect Duke to do as a watchdog (no more than 15 words)
3. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 5 (no more than 10 words)
4. How did the author and her husband feel about Duke’s leaping through the window (no more than 10 words)
5. How do you think people should treat their pets (no more than 20 words)
(4)
（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
1. What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement
2. Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing
3. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
4. Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgments Why or why not (In about 40 words)
(5)
（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serious problem that isn’t going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how to manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. Next time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe also the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you don’t keep your connectors, DVDs, wires and gadgets organized, you won’t be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste” becomes less of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it. Take your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade-in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment in return for gift cards.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag. Whenever you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how quickly it fills up. So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you’ll be doing a good thing.
1. What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem
2. How can people get tax deductions when managing e-waste
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get.
4. Why do we need to manage our e-waste (In about 40 words)
(6)
(2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.
In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future Here are some tips for you:
·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!
You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.
·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
1. What did nostalgia originally mean
2. What have the researchers found about time travel
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
4. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)
(7)
(2023年北京市丰台区高三二模试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
1. How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized
2. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
4. Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have (In about 40 words)
(8)
(2023年北京·高三中关村中学模拟) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Imagine playing a game of Old Maid with a child. She is about to pick a card. It would cost he专题16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）
2019-2023年高考英语阅读表达考情分析
年份 月份 文体 具 体 内 容
2023年北京卷 说明文 习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
2022年北京卷 记叙文 文章讲述15岁的汤姆发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
2022年天津卷 3月 记叙文 退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。
6月 记叙文 记叙作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
2021年北京卷 说明文 最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
2021年天津卷 3月 记叙文 找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变。
6月 记叙文 讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
2020年天津卷 3月 记叙文 作者从内向害羞到自信的转变
6月 记叙文 找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长
2019年天津卷 3月 记叙文 热情及创新能力给他人带来积极的影响
6月 记叙文 文章主要讲了梅布里作为一名13年的学校管理者，正因为他努力工作乐于助人才获得了学生们的爱。
阅读表达属于主观题，是一种综合性的题型。它的作用是综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。要求学生阅读一篇300词左右的短文，并按照题目要求用英语组织语言回答问题要求考生能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。
此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
题型归纳
题型01 细节表达题
【题型诠释】
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why .. 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because of ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; To +动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What ... 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：How ... （询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing )..；完整的句子。
【典例1】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success
Researchers at Google have tackled this question. They collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best They put forward many theories but found no patters to support them.
In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time—not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a project. Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood the principles. However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently underlines effective group performance.
40. What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence
41. Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency.
43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence (In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
42. Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
43. There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. (然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
43. 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
题型02 主旨表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ...
② What’s the passage mainly about
③ What’s the best title for the passage
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What .../ Why ... How .../ How to...
【典例2】(2023上·天津·高三天津一中校考阶段练习) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents.
If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” If you didn’t feel such vacation blues, then imagine taking a leave of absence. You could use it to work on a novel, attend classes or just sit around watching TV. At the end of three months, in all likelihood, your self-respect would be at an all-time low. While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.
The second and perhaps more common reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you’ve been at a company for five years and get married, have a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren’t turning out as you’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest restrict of all. People hate having to do something because they have no other choice.
If you find yourself hating your job, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. You’re not giving up on your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship.
At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren’t. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.
56. What are people likely to do after a long vacation according to the author (No more than 10 words)
57. What can people get from work according to the second paragraph (No more than 10 words)
58. How do you interpret the underlined word in the last paragraph (One word)
59. What do you think is the main idea of the passage (No more than 15 words)
60. What will you do if you hate your job one day in the future (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. They are likely to go back to work.
57. People can get some form of order in their lives.
58. Undertaking.
59. It’s about two reasons why people do not like work.
60. I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own situation and strive to get what I need from it.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” (更有可能是在阳光下享受一周半的乐趣，然后再花半个星期的时间说：“天哪，我等不及要回去工作了。”)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们很可能在长假之后想要回去工作。故答案为They are likely to go back to work.
57. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.(只工作不玩耍是不好的，只玩耍不工作是灾难性的。我们需要感觉我们正在完成一些事情。我们的生活也需要某种形式的秩序)”可知，人们可以从工作中获得某种形式的生活秩序。故答案为People can get some form of order in their lives.
58. 考查词句理解。根据划线词上文“At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is(对工作场所采取积极态度的核心是)”及下文“responsibility for your own situation(自己处境的责任)”及常识可知，此处指承担自己处境的责任。由此可知，划线词assuming与undertaking“承担”意思一致。故答案为Undertaking.
59. 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs There are two primary reasons.(为什么这么多人对自己的工作不满意？主要有两个原因)”可知，文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。故答案为It’s about two reasons why people do not like work.
60. 考查开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如：我会积极调整自己的态度，对自己的处境负责，并努力从中得到我所需要的。故答案为I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own situation and strive to get what I need from it.
题型03 推断表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the purpose of the text
② For what purpose does the author mention ... in Paragraph ...
③ What does the author really mean by saying ...
④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...
⑤ What does ... imply
⑥ What can we learn from the text
【典例3】(2023·北京·人大附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
40. What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics
41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
43. Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. 50 push-ups
41. “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
42. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-ups。
41. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
42. 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. 开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
题型04 猜词表达题
【题型诠释】
1.题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
2.设问形式：
① What’s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph
② What does the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean
常用的回答形式有：
① To show / inform us that ...,
② To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to ...;
③ To encourage / persuade us to ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
【典例4】(2023上·天津南开·高三南开中学校考阶段练习)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
You’ve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it. That’s what T. McDowell’s advice to others is, and it’s certainly worked for him. This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
McDowell launched the company in 2012, which was originally called 4th Dimension Graphics. Two years later, it was recognized as Immersion Imaging. Surprisingly, he didn’t begin the company with the assistance of any partner, but instead founded it on his own with the experience and contacts that he already had.
“It’s always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I don’t lack any contracts right now. I like it because it’s flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a break for a while, I don’t have any problems.” If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.
Part of the reason why McDowell ended up in the computer industry might be explained by the exposure he had as a child. However, he spends his free time on more than just computers. His real interest lies in aviation. With his business spirit and success, McDowell won’t have a problem realizing his dreams of the sky one day
56. What does McDowell’s company focus on (No more than 10 words)
57. Why does McDowell want his company to be a one-person operation (no more than 5 words)
58. What does the underlined phrase “scale up” probably mean (One word)
59. How can he enjoy a steady income (No more than 10 words)
60. How does McDowell’s advice inspire you Please explain in your own words. (No more than 25 words)
【答案】
56. Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
57. Because it’s flexible.
58. Expand.
59. By working 30 to 60 hours per week.
60. Open. We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we should stay focused and go after our dreams.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了T. McDowell的创业经历和对未来的规划。他创办了名为Immersion Imaging的公司，专注于互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.(这位高中毕业生目前是Immersion Imaging的老板，这是一家成功的公司，专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。)”可知，McDowell的公司专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。故答案为Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““It’s always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I don’t lack any contracts right now. I like it because it’s flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a break for a while, I don’t have any problems.”(“这一直是一个人的经营。我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴或扩大业务规模，但我现在想保持这种方式，” McDowell说。“我现在不缺合同。我喜欢它，因为它很灵活，所以如果我需要更多的收入，我可以做更多的事情；如果我休息一段时间，我也不会有任何问题。”)”可知，McDowell希望自己的公司一个人经营，因为这种模式具有灵活性。故答案为Because it’s flexible.
58. 考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“I could easily take on partners(我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴)”，如果与别人合作，那么自然就会扩大业务规模。由此可知，划线单词和“扩大”相似。故答案为Expand.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.(如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时，Immersion Imaging公司将为他提供稳定的收入。)”可知，如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时就可以拥有稳定的收入。故答案为By working 30 to 60 hours per week.
60. 开放题。要求考生谈谈McDowell的建议对自己的启发，考生言之有理即可。结合第一段McDowell的建议“You’ve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it.(你必须知道自己的价值，知道你想要什么，并坚持下去。)”可知，McDowell认为我们应该先找到自己重视的东西，明白自己的梦想，然后坚持下去。故参考答案为We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we should stay focused and go after our dreams.
高考练场
题型01 细节表达题
(2021年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation (动画制作) too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get the tools to the people.” “You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“I’m an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their lives to catch up with her on this journey.
56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement (no more than 10 words)
57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software (no more than 10 words)
58. What is the main idea of Para. 3 (no more than 15 words)
59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4. (1 word)
60. What do you suggest old people learn to do Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
题型02 主旨表达题
(2020年天津市高考英语试卷6月) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1 (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth (no more than 7 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
60. What is your example of “cool” Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
题型03 推断表达题
(2022年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying from electrical transformers (变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1 (1 word)
57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2 (no more than 6 words)
58. How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage (no more than 10 words)
59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve (no more than 8 words)
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation Please explain why. (no more than 25words)
题型04 猜词表达题
(2021年3月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision — leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
56. What was the author interested in when she was a little girl (no more than 10 words)
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57. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean (1 word)
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58. How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course (no more than 10 words)
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59. What did the author do to get back to her creative life Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
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60. Do you consider the author as your role model Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
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名校模拟
(1)
（2023上·天津·高三天津市天津中学校考阶段练习）You saw the video, right The 45-second recording of a kid dancing in the rain There was something inspiring about it. In a moment when our social media channels have been flooded with unsettling news, here was a kid whose love for dance couldn’t be stopped by the rain. Or by the concrete (混凝土) ground he was dancing on. Or the fact that he was barefoot (赤脚的).
Since it was uploaded to Instagram in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu gathered thousands of views, likes, and comments. People seem to be absolutely stunned by the boy’s dedication (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent.
Madu is one of a dozen students between the ages of 5 and 12 at Leap Academy of Dance in Badagry. Daniel Ajala Owoseni, Anthony’s teacher, founded this school in Lagos in 2017. Unfortunately, even after 5 years, the school still doesn’t have a dedicated space for its students. Because of that, most of the time, they practice in Owoseni’s tiny home as well as public spaces in the community.
“We are trying to change the traditional thought around ballet dance. Boys can actually do ballet,” the teacher told the BBC. “Male ballet dancing is here to stay and it is not only supposed to be for females.”
“Where I live, there are no male ballet dancers like me,” young Anthony told a BBC reporter. When he is dancing, he said, “the feeling that comes over me is as if I am dreaming.”
The video eventually caught the attention of Cynthia Harvey, the current artistic director of the ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School of Dance, one of America’s most famous ballet schools. Fortunately, she succeeded in tracking Anthony down. Moreover, she had arranged for full scholarships (奖学金) so Anthony could attend the ABT virtual Young Dancer Summer Workshop, a three-week intensive program.
“A child who shows this much dedication, you just have to help,” she said. “You are not only changing your world there in Africa but you’re changing the hearts and minds of so many people.”
1. Why did Anthony’s video become so popular (no more than 10 words)
2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean (no more than 2 words)
3. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about (no more than 5 words)
4. What made Anthony qualify for the unusual scholarship Give two of the facts. (no more than 10 words)
5. Do you consider Anthony as your role model Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
(2)
（2023上·天津·高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!
Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a thick blanket. She looked smaller and older than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And during the most special days when Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair. She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.
She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the positive, and you will find your reason to live.
21. What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke (no more than 10 words)
22. How was Josie’s skill in gardening (no more than 5 words)
23. How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3 (no more than 5 words)
24. What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke (no more than 10 words)
25. How does Josie’s story inspire you Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
(3)
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考阶段练习）阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
After we all came to the conclusion that our family could responsibly care for dog; my husband and I started our search at a local animal shelter.
We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was a approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly fit into our family’s lifestyle. And he quickly learned the tricks like “sit” and “come”.
But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp---that of a watchdog. My husband was trying to teach him to remind us by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard. Duke would listen carefully to my husband’s commands, but would cock (竖起) his head to one side in confusion and disappointment as if to tell his master that he just didn’t understand what my husband was asking him to do. My husband would give his “watch” command. Duke would stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but would not have a clue as to what he was in readiness for.
One morning we heard the garbage collectors come up the driveway to get our garbage. My husband went to the open bedroom window so Duke could hear and see the men through the screen.
“Watch” my husband commanded. Duke rose in readiness, looked at my husband as sudden comprehension dawned on him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.
Seeing that, I couldn’t help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.
Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scolded or beat him. He was one of our family members.
1. What was Duke like when the author adopted him (no more than 10 words)
2. What did the author’s husband expect Duke to do as a watchdog (no more than 15 words)
3. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 5 (no more than 10 words)
4. How did the author and her husband feel about Duke’s leaping through the window (no more than 10 words)
5. How do you think people should treat their pets (no more than 20 words)
(4)
（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
1. What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement
2. Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing
3. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
4. Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgments Why or why not (In about 40 words)
(5)
（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serious problem that isn’t going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how to manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. Next time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe also the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you don’t keep your connectors, DVDs, wires and gadgets organized, you won’t be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste” becomes less of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it. Take your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade-in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment in return for gift cards.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag. Whenever you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how quickly it fills up. So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you’ll be doing a good thing.
1. What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem
2. How can people get tax deductions when managing e-waste
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get.
4. Why do we need to manage our e-waste (In about 40 words)
(6)
(2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.
In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future Here are some tips for you:
·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!
You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.
·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
1. What did nostalgia originally mean
2. What have the researchers found about time travel
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
4. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)
(7)
(2023年北京市丰台区高三二模试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
1. How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized
2. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
4. Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have (In about 40 words)
(8)
(2023年北京·高三中关村中学模拟) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Imagine playing a game of Old Maid with a child. She is about to pick a card. It would cost her the game. You think about how excited she'd be if she won. So you hint that she might want to select another card. She does. She wins. You’re both happy. But was letting her win a wise move
Scientists and children experts have long said losing once in a while helps children build coping skills. It also helps them learn what the real world is like.
A new study has been done by Amherst College and the University of Virginia. The study looks at 4 and 5-year-olds. The researchers conducted a series of trials where the children played a game with hidden objects.
Two adults gave clues to the locations of the objects. One adult gave accurate clues. The other gave false ones. Then, the researchers set up the game so that half of the kids always found the hidden object as the uncontrolled group. The remaining children played another game in the controlled group. This game was left to chance. They were more likely to find out the hidden objects if they listened carefully. After all, one adult would give helpful information.
Afterwards, researchers asked the kids which of the two adults they’d select to help them find more hidden objects The kids in the uncontrolled game preferred the adult who gave accurate clues. But those in the controlled version had no preference.
That means if you always let children win, they might not learn to spot important information relevant to future success.
Cheating to help kids win games has ties to today’s “trophy games.”Children are often given rewards simply for participating in sports and other competitive events.
Parents may believe they are assuring their child’s good self-esteem by rewarding them for showing up, says Nicki Nance, who is a licensed psychologist and a professor at Beacon College.
Although giving participation prize isn’t necessarily harmful, it is important for children to learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere participation.
“Self-esteem doesn’t come from being adored.” Nance says. It comes from mastery. “If we don’t let children fail, they miss the opportunity to take ownership of success.”
1. Why do scientists and children experts say losing once in a while is helpful
2. Why did the children in the controlled group have no preference in choosing adult to help them find more hidden objects
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To help children learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere parricipation, participation prize should not be awarded.
4. Please explain what you have learned from your failure with an example. （In about 40 words）
