-2024届高考英语二轮复习三大从句学案（无答案）
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| 更新时间 | 2024-03-20 09:44:04 | ||
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三大从句
学习目标 掌握三大从句的基本用法。 结合高考真题及模拟题分析三大从句的考点。
教学内容
【知识梳理】 从句类型位置定语从句名词或代词后面，对该名词或代词进行修饰限制名词性从句主语从句句首 句末，it 作形式主语宾语从句及物动词或介词后面表语从句系动词后同位语从句抽象名词后，对该名词进行解释说明状语从句主句前或后，位置灵活 表示时间、地点、目的、结果、条件等
定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语、表语who 人主语、宾语whom宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语
that, which, who, whom在限制性定语从句中作直接宾语时可省略。 例1 The digital age enables us to find people ________________ share our interests, such as collecting stamps and playing games. 例2 The little problems ________________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 例3 The old man ________________ my grandpa is playing chess with is an old friend of his. 例4 At one time, a professional bookseller might have been defined as someone ________________ primary occupation was selling books. 1.that和which的用法区别 宜用that的 情况当先行词为 everything, anything, nothing, something, much, all, none, few, little等不定代词时当先行词为形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被the only, the very, all, any, little (少) , few, no等词修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时宜用which的 情况在非限制性定语从句中关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词又位于关系代词之前时
例5 My brother is so kind that he gave me the very computer ________________ I am eager to buy. 例6 Today, with the help of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , ________________ is entirely built by Chinese engineers, we Chinese can easily find our way. 例7 All ________________ happens during early years can influence children for the rest of their lives. 例8 The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls, on ________________ are painted the events of the past. 2.as和which的用法区别 位置含义 which引导非限制性定语从句时， 位于先行词之后， 其先行词是整个主句或主句中的一部分。 对先行词加以补充、解释 as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词是整个主 句,位置灵活,位于句首、句中或句末均可。对主句的内容进行评述,表示 "按照，正如"
例9 The number of smokers, ________________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 例10 This computer stores a large amount of information, ________________ is of great use to your research. 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when (=at/on/in/during which)表时间时间状语where (=at/in/on which)表地点地点状语why (=for which)只引导限制性定语从句表原因原因状语
where引导定语从句时,先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, home, school,village等) 外,还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如job, life, situation, point, case, stage,activity等)。 例11 In China, a tea house is a place ________________ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. 例12 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,________________ the audience can buy ice creams. 例13 The reason ________________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 例14 Their child is at the stage ________________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 三、 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句 1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时用whom ， 指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后， 即"介词+whose+名词"结构。 2. "介词+关系代词"的常见结构： (短语)介词+关系代词(which/whom) 介词+关系代词(which/whose) +名词 名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词(which/whom) 例15 Our English teacher, with ________________ help we have made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching. 例16 Hua Mulan, the story of ________________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter in the Northern Wei Dynasty. 例17 There are many different tea sets and almost all kinds of tea in his home, most of ________________ I can’t name. 【课堂练习】 1.Doctors say misunderstandings and false information about the disease are spreading on the Internet, _______ they think should be stopped. 2.Running from Sept. 4 to 9, the fair was the first global trade event _ had been held both online and offline by China since the outbreak of the disease. 3.Care of the soul is a gradual process in _ even the small details of life should be considered. 4.As far as I am concerned, youth is a period _ we should study hard and make ourselves well prepared for the future. 5.Peking opera has a history of about 200 years, _ origin can date back to other old local operas, especially Anhui opera. 6. _ is known to us all, traditional Chinese medicine is practical and effective when used to treat some diseases. 7.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice _ is saved in its batteries. 8.In life people make many decisions, some of _ are so important that they affect us greatly. 9.This computer stores a large amount of information, _ is of great use to your research. 10.The exhibits cover the works by Qi Baishi, _ works have influenced the development of Chinese paintings. 11.They have reached a point _ they have to borrow money. 12.When applying for a visa, you need state simply and clearly the reasons _ you go to the country. 13.Mozart was a famous composer contemporary with Beethoven, both of _ made great achievements in the field of music. 14.It is widely acknowledged that people _ takes physical exercise regularly may live longer. 15.Expression of individuality is encouraged in this country __ values creativity. 名词性从句 一、从属连词 连接词 that在从句中不作成分，也无词义; 2.引导宾语从句时可省略；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不可省略。if主要引导宾语从句，有时引导主语从句whether主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句as if/as though表语从句because主要引导表语从句，偶尔引导主语从句 连接代词who (ever) , whom (ever) , what (ever) , which (ever) , whose 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 连接副词when, where, why, how 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
例1 ________________ matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has, but how close it is to people’s daily lives. 例2 Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________________ she was heading. 例3 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________________ you are afraid to do. 例4 Unfortunately, I missed this event for the reason________________ I had to go to visit my grandma. 例5 There you can learn ________________ people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. 例6 ________________ their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 例7 We’ve got a couple of participants in the team. The problem is ________________ can complete this challenging task. 二、主语从句 1.it作形式主语 句型句型中常用的词或词组It+be+形容词+从句clear, certain, obvious, important, likely, necessary, possible等It+be+名词(词组)+从句 a shame, a pity, an honour, no wonder, no harm等It+be+过去分词+从句 said, reported, thought, known,believed, expected, suggested等It+特殊动词 (短语) +从句 doesn’t matter, occurs to sb., makes no difference等
例8 It was not clear ________________ the expected benefits and outcomes were. 例9 It is a pity ________________ we lost such an important customer. 例10 It is believed ________________ the insects have spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa. 例11 It doesn’t matter ________________ you go to the Great Wall or the Palace Museum — we have enough time to explore this amazing city. 2.从句作主语时,主句谓语动词一般用单数。 例12 What she offers to her classmates________________ (be) honesty and happiness. 三、宾语从句 1.it作形式宾语 find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it+宾补+that从句 hate/like等+it+that从句 depend on/rely on/see to等+it+that从句 take it for granted +that从句 例13 I think it necessary ________________ we drink plenty of boiled water every day. 例14 I shall see to it ________________ he is taken good care of when you are absent. 例15 He has made it clear ________________ he will not give in. 2.表示情感或态度的形容词后，如confident, convinced, surprised, anxious等可接宾语 从句。 例16 I was surprised ________________ she should throw away the necklace from her boyfriend. 3.一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 例17 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________________ it used to charge. 四、表语从句 1. as if/as though。 as if/as though意为"好像,仿佛",其引导的表语从句常位于系动词 之后,从句有时用虚拟语气。 例18 I felt as if we________________ (know) each other for years. 2.because/why常用于以下句式中： This/That is why... 这/那就是 ……的原因。 This/That/It is because...这/那是因为 …… The reason why... is that... ……的原因是 …… 例19 I was late for the appointment. That was ________________ I met an old friend on the way. 五、同位语从句 同位语从句前的名词通常是表示抽象意义的名词： fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, question等。 同位语从句用 于对这些名词作进一步的解释或说明。 例20 I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I have no idea ________________ she will accept it. 例21 [2020全国Ⅲ改编]Housewarming parties get their name from the fact ________________ along time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 六、易混连接词 that/what 在从句中充当成分含义that不充当成分无含义what充当主语、宾语、表语、定语意为"什么,……的事情,什么样的"
例22 Contrary to ________________ many people think, HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs or sneezes. 例23 Don’t be sad. The most important thing is ________________we must learn from our mistakes and move on. 2.只用whether而不用if 特殊情况例句 与or not直接连用时I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是 否会来。 作介词的宾语时Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切 都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。引导主语从句且从句 位于句首时Whether the sports meeting will be held on time depends on the weather. 运动会是否会按时举行取决于天气。 引导表语从句时The question is whether our team will win the game. 问题是 我们队能否赢得比赛。 引导同位语从句时I have no idea whether he is willing to help us. 我不知道他 是否愿意帮我们。
例24 It remains to be seen________________ or not this idea can be put into practice. 例25 [2017天津,4]She asked me ________________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. 【课堂练习】 1. _ makes the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival special is the scale of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting. 2. After considering carefully _ I could find my first ideal job, I chose China. 3.The news spread quickly all over the world _ Michael Schumacher revived after being seriously injured for 5 years. 4.Now the route is no longer used for international trade but much history and many stories of _ happened on the ancient road remain. 5. _ passes here would stop to admire the scenery. 6.It was expected _ over 100,000 people will take part in the massive parade in Tian’anmen Square on the morning of Oct 1. 7.The Green Revolution is a good example of _ technological advances can have a great effect on economic development. 8.He did not see the film last night. That is _ he had to help his little sister with her homework. 9.Eat whichever cake you like and leave the other for _ comes late. 10.Nowadays, more and more parents are discussing _ more freedom and encouragement should be provided for their children. 11.I don’t want to know you are talking about. 12.The syrup (糖浆) finally turned into a solid coating, like the crystal on the surface of haws (山楂果) . That is _ they are also called bingtanghulu. 13.It doesn’t matter _ you come — the store stays open 24 hours a day. 14.Mary took it for granted _ they would approve of the idea. 15.Do not let any failures discourage you in your daily life, for you can never know _ close you may be to victory. 状语从句 一、时间状语从句 连词基本意义注意when, while, as当 ……时as可译为"在 ……的时候，一边 ……一边 ……, 随着，正当"；while多用于持续性的动作或状 态；when后接短暂性或持续性动词均可。as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely ...when..., no sooner...than... 一 ……就 hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than... 结 构中 ，when/than前的主句通常用过去完成 时,when/than引导的从句通常用一般过去时； hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时,它们所 在的主句要用部分倒装。 before； after 在 ……之前； 在 ……之后It was+时间段+before... 过了 ……才 …… It was not long before... 不久就 …… It won’t be long before... 不久就会 …… It will be+时间段+before... 要过 ……才 ……until/till直到强调句型"It is not until...that..."。since； by the time 自从 ……； 到 ……时since引导从句时，主句通常用现在完成时或 现在完成进行时；by the time引导从句时， 主句通常用过去完成时或将来完成时。each/every time, the next time, the last time, the first time, any time, whenever 每次；下次；上次/ 最后一次；第一次； 任何时候；无论何时 从句通常用一般式。
例1 ________________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 例2 We walked along the river ________________ it was dark. 例3 The boy burst into tears ________________ (immediate) he saw his mother. 例4 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 例5 Think first________________ you lose patience with someone you love. 例6 It has been 52 years ________________ China got its seat back in the United Nations. 二、地点状语从句 1.连词： where (哪里)， wherever (无论在哪里) 。 例7 They are planting trees ________________ there is plenty of water and sunlight. 例8 Because of the pandemic,days are gone when people can go ________________they want. 2.区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句 where引导状语从句时,其前没有先行词,从句用来说明主句谓语动作发生的地点;where 引导定语从句时,其前有表示地点的名词作先行词,从句修饰先行词。 You’d better make marks where you have questions. (状语从句) You’d better make marks at the place where you have questions. (定语从句) 三、目的状语从句 1.连词： so that, in order that 为了,以便。 2.常与情态动词can, could, may, might等连用； so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。 例9 I am studying hard ________________ I can go to a famous university. 四、结果状语从句 so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句,表示"如此 ……以至于 …… "。 so...that...结构 such...that...结构 例10 He was ________________ clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 例11 He made ________________ rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher. 五、原因状语从句 连词内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because (因为)直接因果关系强能能as (由于) 较明显的原因 稍弱 不能 不能since/now that (既然)
例12 At that time I hated music, just ________________ it was what they wanted me to do. 例13 We thought that ________________ we were in the area, we’d stop by and visit it. 六、让步状语从句 连词用法although/though从句不能与but连用,但可与yet/still连用。as/thoughas引导的从句必须倒装;though引导的从句可倒装也可不倒装。while意为"虽然,尽管"，从句一般放在主句前,用逗号隔开。 even though/even if 意为"即使"。whether...or...意为"不管 ……还是……"。疑问词-ever表示"无论，不管"，相当于"no matter+相应的疑问词"。
例14 ________________ we have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know. 例15 He keeps taking exercise ________________ cold it is in winter. 例16 Young ________________ he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages. 例17 ________________ she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged. 七、条件状语从句 连词含义及用法例句if如果They agreed to lend us the car if we promised to return it before the weekend. 如果我们答应在 周末前归还 ，他们就同意把车借给我们。 As long as we don’t lose heart, we will succeed.我们只要不灰心就会成功。 unless除非,如果不 (=if...not)as/so long as只要in case万一
例18 ________________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 例19 ________________ we make good use of public transport, the environment will be better. 八、其他状语从句 方式状语从句as (照 ……方式)； as if/as though (好像，似乎)比较状语从句as...as..., not so...as..., than
例20 The house has been greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better leave it ________________ it is until the police arrive. 状语从句的省略 1.状语从句的省略要具备的条件： ①主句和从句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可省略 ②从句主语是it，且谓语从句是be时， it和be动词常可省略 例21 He won’t go there with us unless ________________ (invite) . 例22 He is running here and there as if ________________ (look) for something lost. 例23 No matter how frequently________________ (display) in the Louvre in Paris, the masterpieces of Pablo Picasso always attract a large number of audience. 例24 Though________________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 例25 Every evening after dinner, if not ________________ (absorb) in reading books,she can be found sitting on the sofa watching TV. 2.if型省略结构 if so如果这样的话 if not不然的话 if possible如果可能的话 if any如果有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 【课堂练习】 1.I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate________________ an old man with a huge bag sat down across from me. 2.Convenient ________________computers are, handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world. 3.If you are traveling ________________ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 4.________________ fierce the competition is, there is a good chance that our team will win as long as we have made full preparations. 5.The house has so many windows ________________ it is always very bright. 6.Some women may experience a time of sadness even for months ________________ they give birth to a baby. 7.The man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________________ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 8._________________ you’re from, you can come to dance, dine, and take part in outdoor and indoor concerts. 9.This country has been on lockdown, preventing anyone from leaving their home ________________they are workers or they go out to buy food or medicine. 10.The boy was trying to catch a butterfly ________________ he fell into the river. 11.________________ you expect your child to be able to accomplish something, you must first of all develop his ability to adapt to new surroundings. 12.________________ the patterns and colors may be different, paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people 13.The accident serves as a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially________________ crossing roads. 14.It’s quite a while ________________ she realized that she was looking at her mom’s old wedding photos. 15.________________or not your work is chosen, we will send you a gift for your participation.
学习目标 掌握三大从句的基本用法。 结合高考真题及模拟题分析三大从句的考点。
教学内容
【知识梳理】 从句类型位置定语从句名词或代词后面，对该名词或代词进行修饰限制名词性从句主语从句句首 句末，it 作形式主语宾语从句及物动词或介词后面表语从句系动词后同位语从句抽象名词后，对该名词进行解释说明状语从句主句前或后，位置灵活 表示时间、地点、目的、结果、条件等
定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语、表语who 人主语、宾语whom宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语
that, which, who, whom在限制性定语从句中作直接宾语时可省略。 例1 The digital age enables us to find people ________________ share our interests, such as collecting stamps and playing games. 例2 The little problems ________________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 例3 The old man ________________ my grandpa is playing chess with is an old friend of his. 例4 At one time, a professional bookseller might have been defined as someone ________________ primary occupation was selling books. 1.that和which的用法区别 宜用that的 情况当先行词为 everything, anything, nothing, something, much, all, none, few, little等不定代词时当先行词为形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被the only, the very, all, any, little (少) , few, no等词修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时宜用which的 情况在非限制性定语从句中关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词又位于关系代词之前时
例5 My brother is so kind that he gave me the very computer ________________ I am eager to buy. 例6 Today, with the help of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , ________________ is entirely built by Chinese engineers, we Chinese can easily find our way. 例7 All ________________ happens during early years can influence children for the rest of their lives. 例8 The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls, on ________________ are painted the events of the past. 2.as和which的用法区别 位置含义 which引导非限制性定语从句时， 位于先行词之后， 其先行词是整个主句或主句中的一部分。 对先行词加以补充、解释 as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词是整个主 句,位置灵活,位于句首、句中或句末均可。对主句的内容进行评述,表示 "按照，正如"
例9 The number of smokers, ________________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 例10 This computer stores a large amount of information, ________________ is of great use to your research. 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when (=at/on/in/during which)表时间时间状语where (=at/in/on which)表地点地点状语why (=for which)只引导限制性定语从句表原因原因状语
where引导定语从句时,先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, home, school,village等) 外,还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如job, life, situation, point, case, stage,activity等)。 例11 In China, a tea house is a place ________________ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. 例12 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,________________ the audience can buy ice creams. 例13 The reason ________________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 例14 Their child is at the stage ________________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 三、 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句 1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时用whom ， 指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后， 即"介词+whose+名词"结构。 2. "介词+关系代词"的常见结构： (短语)介词+关系代词(which/whom) 介词+关系代词(which/whose) +名词 名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词(which/whom) 例15 Our English teacher, with ________________ help we have made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching. 例16 Hua Mulan, the story of ________________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter in the Northern Wei Dynasty. 例17 There are many different tea sets and almost all kinds of tea in his home, most of ________________ I can’t name. 【课堂练习】 1.Doctors say misunderstandings and false information about the disease are spreading on the Internet, _______ they think should be stopped. 2.Running from Sept. 4 to 9, the fair was the first global trade event _ had been held both online and offline by China since the outbreak of the disease. 3.Care of the soul is a gradual process in _ even the small details of life should be considered. 4.As far as I am concerned, youth is a period _ we should study hard and make ourselves well prepared for the future. 5.Peking opera has a history of about 200 years, _ origin can date back to other old local operas, especially Anhui opera. 6. _ is known to us all, traditional Chinese medicine is practical and effective when used to treat some diseases. 7.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice _ is saved in its batteries. 8.In life people make many decisions, some of _ are so important that they affect us greatly. 9.This computer stores a large amount of information, _ is of great use to your research. 10.The exhibits cover the works by Qi Baishi, _ works have influenced the development of Chinese paintings. 11.They have reached a point _ they have to borrow money. 12.When applying for a visa, you need state simply and clearly the reasons _ you go to the country. 13.Mozart was a famous composer contemporary with Beethoven, both of _ made great achievements in the field of music. 14.It is widely acknowledged that people _ takes physical exercise regularly may live longer. 15.Expression of individuality is encouraged in this country __ values creativity. 名词性从句 一、从属连词 连接词 that在从句中不作成分，也无词义; 2.引导宾语从句时可省略；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不可省略。if主要引导宾语从句，有时引导主语从句whether主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句as if/as though表语从句because主要引导表语从句，偶尔引导主语从句 连接代词who (ever) , whom (ever) , what (ever) , which (ever) , whose 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 连接副词when, where, why, how 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
例1 ________________ matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has, but how close it is to people’s daily lives. 例2 Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________________ she was heading. 例3 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________________ you are afraid to do. 例4 Unfortunately, I missed this event for the reason________________ I had to go to visit my grandma. 例5 There you can learn ________________ people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. 例6 ________________ their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 例7 We’ve got a couple of participants in the team. The problem is ________________ can complete this challenging task. 二、主语从句 1.it作形式主语 句型句型中常用的词或词组It+be+形容词+从句clear, certain, obvious, important, likely, necessary, possible等It+be+名词(词组)+从句 a shame, a pity, an honour, no wonder, no harm等It+be+过去分词+从句 said, reported, thought, known,believed, expected, suggested等It+特殊动词 (短语) +从句 doesn’t matter, occurs to sb., makes no difference等
例8 It was not clear ________________ the expected benefits and outcomes were. 例9 It is a pity ________________ we lost such an important customer. 例10 It is believed ________________ the insects have spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa. 例11 It doesn’t matter ________________ you go to the Great Wall or the Palace Museum — we have enough time to explore this amazing city. 2.从句作主语时,主句谓语动词一般用单数。 例12 What she offers to her classmates________________ (be) honesty and happiness. 三、宾语从句 1.it作形式宾语 find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it+宾补+that从句 hate/like等+it+that从句 depend on/rely on/see to等+it+that从句 take it for granted +that从句 例13 I think it necessary ________________ we drink plenty of boiled water every day. 例14 I shall see to it ________________ he is taken good care of when you are absent. 例15 He has made it clear ________________ he will not give in. 2.表示情感或态度的形容词后，如confident, convinced, surprised, anxious等可接宾语 从句。 例16 I was surprised ________________ she should throw away the necklace from her boyfriend. 3.一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 例17 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________________ it used to charge. 四、表语从句 1. as if/as though。 as if/as though意为"好像,仿佛",其引导的表语从句常位于系动词 之后,从句有时用虚拟语气。 例18 I felt as if we________________ (know) each other for years. 2.because/why常用于以下句式中： This/That is why... 这/那就是 ……的原因。 This/That/It is because...这/那是因为 …… The reason why... is that... ……的原因是 …… 例19 I was late for the appointment. That was ________________ I met an old friend on the way. 五、同位语从句 同位语从句前的名词通常是表示抽象意义的名词： fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, question等。 同位语从句用 于对这些名词作进一步的解释或说明。 例20 I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I have no idea ________________ she will accept it. 例21 [2020全国Ⅲ改编]Housewarming parties get their name from the fact ________________ along time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 六、易混连接词 that/what 在从句中充当成分含义that不充当成分无含义what充当主语、宾语、表语、定语意为"什么,……的事情,什么样的"
例22 Contrary to ________________ many people think, HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs or sneezes. 例23 Don’t be sad. The most important thing is ________________we must learn from our mistakes and move on. 2.只用whether而不用if 特殊情况例句 与or not直接连用时I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是 否会来。 作介词的宾语时Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切 都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。引导主语从句且从句 位于句首时Whether the sports meeting will be held on time depends on the weather. 运动会是否会按时举行取决于天气。 引导表语从句时The question is whether our team will win the game. 问题是 我们队能否赢得比赛。 引导同位语从句时I have no idea whether he is willing to help us. 我不知道他 是否愿意帮我们。
例24 It remains to be seen________________ or not this idea can be put into practice. 例25 [2017天津,4]She asked me ________________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. 【课堂练习】 1. _ makes the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival special is the scale of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting. 2. After considering carefully _ I could find my first ideal job, I chose China. 3.The news spread quickly all over the world _ Michael Schumacher revived after being seriously injured for 5 years. 4.Now the route is no longer used for international trade but much history and many stories of _ happened on the ancient road remain. 5. _ passes here would stop to admire the scenery. 6.It was expected _ over 100,000 people will take part in the massive parade in Tian’anmen Square on the morning of Oct 1. 7.The Green Revolution is a good example of _ technological advances can have a great effect on economic development. 8.He did not see the film last night. That is _ he had to help his little sister with her homework. 9.Eat whichever cake you like and leave the other for _ comes late. 10.Nowadays, more and more parents are discussing _ more freedom and encouragement should be provided for their children. 11.I don’t want to know you are talking about. 12.The syrup (糖浆) finally turned into a solid coating, like the crystal on the surface of haws (山楂果) . That is _ they are also called bingtanghulu. 13.It doesn’t matter _ you come — the store stays open 24 hours a day. 14.Mary took it for granted _ they would approve of the idea. 15.Do not let any failures discourage you in your daily life, for you can never know _ close you may be to victory. 状语从句 一、时间状语从句 连词基本意义注意when, while, as当 ……时as可译为"在 ……的时候，一边 ……一边 ……, 随着，正当"；while多用于持续性的动作或状 态；when后接短暂性或持续性动词均可。as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely ...when..., no sooner...than... 一 ……就 hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than... 结 构中 ，when/than前的主句通常用过去完成 时,when/than引导的从句通常用一般过去时； hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时,它们所 在的主句要用部分倒装。 before； after 在 ……之前； 在 ……之后It was+时间段+before... 过了 ……才 …… It was not long before... 不久就 …… It won’t be long before... 不久就会 …… It will be+时间段+before... 要过 ……才 ……until/till直到强调句型"It is not until...that..."。since； by the time 自从 ……； 到 ……时since引导从句时，主句通常用现在完成时或 现在完成进行时；by the time引导从句时， 主句通常用过去完成时或将来完成时。each/every time, the next time, the last time, the first time, any time, whenever 每次；下次；上次/ 最后一次；第一次； 任何时候；无论何时 从句通常用一般式。
例1 ________________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 例2 We walked along the river ________________ it was dark. 例3 The boy burst into tears ________________ (immediate) he saw his mother. 例4 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 例5 Think first________________ you lose patience with someone you love. 例6 It has been 52 years ________________ China got its seat back in the United Nations. 二、地点状语从句 1.连词： where (哪里)， wherever (无论在哪里) 。 例7 They are planting trees ________________ there is plenty of water and sunlight. 例8 Because of the pandemic,days are gone when people can go ________________they want. 2.区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句 where引导状语从句时,其前没有先行词,从句用来说明主句谓语动作发生的地点;where 引导定语从句时,其前有表示地点的名词作先行词,从句修饰先行词。 You’d better make marks where you have questions. (状语从句) You’d better make marks at the place where you have questions. (定语从句) 三、目的状语从句 1.连词： so that, in order that 为了,以便。 2.常与情态动词can, could, may, might等连用； so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。 例9 I am studying hard ________________ I can go to a famous university. 四、结果状语从句 so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句,表示"如此 ……以至于 …… "。 so...that...结构 such...that...结构 例10 He was ________________ clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 例11 He made ________________ rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher. 五、原因状语从句 连词内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because (因为)直接因果关系强能能as (由于) 较明显的原因 稍弱 不能 不能since/now that (既然)
例12 At that time I hated music, just ________________ it was what they wanted me to do. 例13 We thought that ________________ we were in the area, we’d stop by and visit it. 六、让步状语从句 连词用法although/though从句不能与but连用,但可与yet/still连用。as/thoughas引导的从句必须倒装;though引导的从句可倒装也可不倒装。while意为"虽然,尽管"，从句一般放在主句前,用逗号隔开。 even though/even if 意为"即使"。whether...or...意为"不管 ……还是……"。疑问词-ever表示"无论，不管"，相当于"no matter+相应的疑问词"。
例14 ________________ we have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know. 例15 He keeps taking exercise ________________ cold it is in winter. 例16 Young ________________ he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages. 例17 ________________ she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged. 七、条件状语从句 连词含义及用法例句if如果They agreed to lend us the car if we promised to return it before the weekend. 如果我们答应在 周末前归还 ，他们就同意把车借给我们。 As long as we don’t lose heart, we will succeed.我们只要不灰心就会成功。 unless除非,如果不 (=if...not)as/so long as只要in case万一
例18 ________________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 例19 ________________ we make good use of public transport, the environment will be better. 八、其他状语从句 方式状语从句as (照 ……方式)； as if/as though (好像，似乎)比较状语从句as...as..., not so...as..., than
例20 The house has been greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better leave it ________________ it is until the police arrive. 状语从句的省略 1.状语从句的省略要具备的条件： ①主句和从句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可省略 ②从句主语是it，且谓语从句是be时， it和be动词常可省略 例21 He won’t go there with us unless ________________ (invite) . 例22 He is running here and there as if ________________ (look) for something lost. 例23 No matter how frequently________________ (display) in the Louvre in Paris, the masterpieces of Pablo Picasso always attract a large number of audience. 例24 Though________________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 例25 Every evening after dinner, if not ________________ (absorb) in reading books,she can be found sitting on the sofa watching TV. 2.if型省略结构 if so如果这样的话 if not不然的话 if possible如果可能的话 if any如果有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 【课堂练习】 1.I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate________________ an old man with a huge bag sat down across from me. 2.Convenient ________________computers are, handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world. 3.If you are traveling ________________ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 4.________________ fierce the competition is, there is a good chance that our team will win as long as we have made full preparations. 5.The house has so many windows ________________ it is always very bright. 6.Some women may experience a time of sadness even for months ________________ they give birth to a baby. 7.The man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________________ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 8._________________ you’re from, you can come to dance, dine, and take part in outdoor and indoor concerts. 9.This country has been on lockdown, preventing anyone from leaving their home ________________they are workers or they go out to buy food or medicine. 10.The boy was trying to catch a butterfly ________________ he fell into the river. 11.________________ you expect your child to be able to accomplish something, you must first of all develop his ability to adapt to new surroundings. 12.________________ the patterns and colors may be different, paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people 13.The accident serves as a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially________________ crossing roads. 14.It’s quite a while ________________ she realized that she was looking at her mom’s old wedding photos. 15.________________or not your work is chosen, we will send you a gift for your participation.