人教版八年级下册Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.语法训练之关于动词不定式（含答案）

人教版英语八年级下册第二单元语法训练之关于动词不定式
由语法看语法。
抽时间认真大声朗读语法部分的句子，结合以前所学知识总结关于其中出现的动词不定式：
1、would like to do… 想要做某事 2、ask sb. to do…叫某人做某事
3、let sb. do… 让某人做... 4、volunteer to do 志愿做某事
5、help sb. (to) do… 帮助某人做某事 6、learn to do… 学着去做某事
7、decide to do… 决定做某事 8、make … to do（制作...来）
9、want to do ... 想要做某事 10、like to do...喜欢做某事
二、关于语法——动词不定式。
“to+动词原形”被称为动词不定式，常写作to do (有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do。
该形式在句中除了不能作谓语外，可作其他成分，没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式的用法：动词不定式可在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等。
（一）、作宾语：主语+谓语动词+ to do
不定式常出现在一些及物动词后，构成动词短语，如：want, decide, refuse, hope, agree, wish, learn, volunteer 等。
例如：You must learn to look after yourself.
你必须学着照顾自己。
又如：They decide to go to Beijing by plane.
他们决定乘坐飞机去北京。
（二）、作宾语补足语：
谓语动词+名词/代词+to do ，动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。有些动词要求动词不定式必须带to，有些要求不带to。
有些动词如 ask, teach, tell, advise, invite 等后必须接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：ask \tell sb. to do；My mother asks me to call her back.妈妈叫我给她回电话。The math told us to study hard. 数学老师叫我们努力学习。
感官动词(hear, see, watch等)和使役动词(make, let等)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如 make sb. Do；They often make us play basketball to keep healthy. 他们经常让我们打篮球来保持健康。
help后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加to。
例如：Could you help me (to) do some cleaning
你能帮我打扫卫生吗？
（三）、作目的状语：
动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。
例如：To get there quickly , I take a taxi. 为了快速地到达那里，我乘坐一辆出租车。
又如：The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
那个女孩可以到医院去哄生病的小孩子开心。
（四）、作主语：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的动词不定式放在句尾。这样的句型有：
It takes sb.+一段时间+to do...（花费某人...时间做某事）例如：It takes the boy an hour to finish his homework. 男孩花费一个小时的时间完成作业。
It is +adj.+for sb./of sb.to do... （对某人来说，做某事是...的）例如：It is easy for us to relax ourselves by listening to music.对于我们来说，通过听音乐来放松是很容易的。
（五）、作定语：
一般位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方式。
the first one \ last one to do sth. 第一个\最后一个做某事的人。
a good place to do sth. 一个做某事的好地方。
（六）、动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等连用。
例如：I don't know where to go. 我不知道要去哪儿。
又如：Nobody told us what to do next. 没有人告诉我们接下来该怎么做。
三、关于动词短语。
1、动词+介词 (名词，代词，动名词ing)
care for, look for, prepare for
turn on,
hear from
take after, look after
2、动词+副词 (名词，代词，动名词ing)代词放中间
clean up, dress up, take up, turn up, give up, cheer up, call up, fix up, set up, put up, grow up
find out, hang out, run out, try out, hand out, give out
write down, fall down, turn down, lie down
cut off, put off
give away
3、动词+副词+介词 (名词，代词，动名词ing)
help out with, come up with
look forward to
run out of, get out of
4、动词+名词+介词 (名词，代词，动名词ing)
play a part in, take part in,
pay attention to,
take care of
5、be+形容词+介词 (名词，代词，动名词ing)
be sure about
be used to
be strict in/with, be interested in, be angry with
6、其他类型
make sure, take sb.'s place, have to do with, keep...to oneself, do a good job, take a trip, take risks, take one's temperature, take breaks, make a difference, be ready to do, be able to do, used to do
练习巩固：
根据提示补充句子。
1.、你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？
Would you like ______________ the city parks
2、莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？
Could you please help me ________ the dishes, Lily
3、简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。
Jane didn’t ____________ a good way ____________ this math problem.
参考答案：
to help clean up 2、to wash 3、come up with ; to work out
根据句意及提示补全句子。
1、I always tell my students __________ (play) on the road because it’s really dangerous.
2、-I didn’t hear you come in just now.
-That’s good. We tried ___________ (make) any noise, for you were sleeping.
3、Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates __________ (practice) dancing with her.
参考答案：
not to play 2、not to make 3、to practice
同学们，以上就是人教版英语八年级下册第二单元有关动词不定式的知识，希望对你们有所帮助。