专题04 状语从句+口语4+阅读理解B篇（知识全梳理）
·模块一 状语从句
·模块二 口语：快速应答
·模块三 阅读理解B篇
·模块四 高考常考词组4
·模块五 2024届上海高三名校真题速递
考点一：状语从句连词
状语从句 连词
时间 基本类：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as； 名词类：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, every time, each time, (the) next time, the last time, any time, the first time； 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, presently； 短语类：no sooner…than, hardly/ scarcely…when, by the time.
地点 where, wherever, everywhere
条件 if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case
原因 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, given that(鉴于) , in that
让步 though, although, even if(though), while, as, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词, whether … or,
比较 as…as, not so/as…as, than, the more…the more
方式 as, as if (though)
目的 that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果 so that, so… that, such … that
考点二：常考连词
1、before“还没……就”
It will be + 一段时间 + before sb. does sth. 表将来 常译作“还要多久才会……”
It was + 一段时间 + before sb. did sth. 表过去 常译作“过了多久才……”
I slipped out before the lecture started.
He is leaving for Australia and it will be three years before he comes back.
During the war he joined the army and it was three years before he came back.
2、no sooner…than, hardly/ scarcely…when 注意时态与倒装
I had hardly closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
＝Hardly had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
3、by the time
By the time he arrives, we will already have left California.
By the time he arrived, we had already left California.
4、so/such...that
单数名词: such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词
不可数名词或复数可数名词: such...that
名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时: so…that
5、as/though
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely.
Fail as he did, he would never give up.
6、no matter+ wh词和由疑问词＋ever
We'll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes.
No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this.
考点三：两个空常考连词
the moment, every time, now that, so that, in case, even if/though, as if/though
We won't give up even if we should fail ten times.
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
考点四：三个空常考连词: as soon as, by the time, as/so long as, in order that, no matter + wh词
You'll do all right as long as you follow his advice.
No matter where you go, I would keep you company.
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
当堂检测
1．Though (attack) with cancer, he still keeps optimistic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2． I get him a job, he’ll be fine. (用适当的词填空)
3． reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. (用适当的词填空)
4．As a matter of fact, I began playing football I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it. (用适当的词填空)
5． time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. The green hills have gradually changed into a wasteland. （用适当的词填空）
6．He put off his departure his sister came. （用适当的词填空）
7．The audience like these TV competitions the participants are given a chance to break out of their everyday life and become special. （用适当的词填空）
8．Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie get into the backyard. (用适当的词填空)
9． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. (用适当的词填空)
10．Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all the vacation can work for everyone. (用适当的词填空)
11． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. (用适当的词填空)
12．Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace. （用适当的词填空）
13．You’ll fail in the driving test you have more practice. （用适当的词填空）
14．Who knows how long it will be Mr Smith wants to try something else (用适当的词填空)
15．The story tells us that you want to get something, you must work hard for it. （用适当的词填空）
16．Physical Education in schools can teach us endurance something we all need life becomes tough. （用适当的词填空）
17．It has been three hours the policeman caught the robber. （用适当的词填空）
18．You will miss the train you hurry up. （用适当的词填空）
19． the fox arrived at the stork’s home, he saw that they were also having soup for dinner. （用适当的词填空）
20．Mr. Brown said firmly, “I knew I had to go the people were suffering.” (用适当的词填空)
参考答案：
1．attacked
【详解】考查时态，语态和省略。句意：虽然患了癌症，他仍然保持乐观。句子表示“虽然患了癌症，他仍然保持乐观”，由keeps 可知，句子时态是一般现在时，he和attack是逻辑动宾关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，though引导的让步状语从句是Though he is attacked with cancer，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，因此可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是attacked。故填attacked。
2．Once/If
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：一旦/如果我给他找份工作，他就会没事的。由“I get him a job, he’ll be fine”可知，句子表示“一旦/如果我给他找份工作，他就会没事的”，空格处意为“一旦/如果”，用once/if，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Once或If。
3．No matter what/Whatever
【详解】考查连词。句意：不管背后的原因是什么，多年来人们对左撇子的态度发生了很大变化。根据句意可知，本句让步状语从句，修饰名词reasons，应用no matter what/whatever。故填No matter what/Whatever。
4．when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：事实上，我八岁的时候就开始踢足球了，而且一直踢得很好。由句意可知空处应填引导词when，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
5．As
【详解】考查连词。句意：随着时间的流逝，整个森林几乎被摧毁。青山渐渐变成了一片荒地。分析句子结构可知。此处应该填连词引导状语从句，结合句意，此处是表示“随着”的连词引导时间状语从句，且空格位于句首。故填As。
6．until
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：他推迟出发，直到他妹妹来了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，根据句意知，表达“直到”之意，应用until引导。故填until。
7．because/since/as
【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：观众喜欢这些电视比赛，因为参赛者有机会跳出他们的日常生活，变得特别。分析空处前后句意可知，前后构成因果关系，所以空处引导原因状语从句，可用because或者since或者as引导，三者都是“因为”之意，都可引导原因状语从句。故填because或者since或者as。
8．could
【详解】考查情态动词和目的状语从句。句意：Strasser说Lowell是从后门进来的，他晚上一直开着后门，这样邦妮就能进入后院。结合句意空处应填情态动词could，so that引导目的状语从句时经常与情态动词can/could/be able to连用。故填could。
9．Whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是寻求指导的盲人还是寻求支持的老年人，扶手都是用来步行的。分析可知，本句是让步状语从句，用whether...or...引导，符合句意和语境要求，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。
10．so that
【详解】考查连词。句意：让孩子们参与计划假期可以确保他们也有一个很棒的假期。我喜欢参观历史古迹和博物馆，而他们喜欢钓鱼和游泳。所以我为大家安排了一些放松时间，这样每个人都能享受假期。so that以便，引导目的状语从句。根据句意，故填so that。
11．While/When/As
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：在我的兄弟姐妹和我在成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些关于我身份的基本东西，我是谁，我来自哪里。分析可知，设空处引导的时间状语从句，可以用While/When/As连接，故填While/When/As。
12．as /though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他可能是个慷慨的丈夫，但他对妻子非常生气——她把他们所有的积蓄都花在一条钻石项链上了。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，表示“尽管”用as/though，此处构成了倒装表语的结构。故填as/though。
13．unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你多练习，否则你驾驶考试不及格。分析句子可知，这里指只有更多的练习才会通过驾照测试，所以空处引导的为条件状语从句，空处用“除非”，unless“除非”，故填unless。
14．before
【详解】考查连词。句意：谁知道史密斯先生要过多久才会想尝试别的东西呢？it will be...before...意为“要过多久才会……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词before表示“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。故填before。
15．if/when
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：这个故事告诉我们，如果/当你想得到什么东西（时），你必须努力工作。分析可知，本句为含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句中同时含有状语从句。结合句意，空处引导的从句可作为条件状语，也可作为时间状语从句，因而空处填if/when， 故填if/when。
16．when
【详解】考查连词。句意：学校的体育课可以教会我们耐力，当生活变得艰难时，我们都需要一些东西。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“当……时候”。故填when。
17．since
【详解】考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填连词引导状语从句，根据空前主句谓语是现在完成时态，空后从句谓语是一般过去时态，可知，此处为since意为“自从”引导的时间状语从句，结合句意，since符合逻辑。故填since。
18．unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你快点，否则你会错过火车。分析句子结构可知，此处是条件状语从句，结合句意，此处表示“除非”，应用unless引导。故填unless。
19．When
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当狐狸到达鹳家时，他看到他们也在吃汤作为晚餐。分析句子结构可知，此处引导状语从句，结合句意可知，意为“当……时候”，应用when引导，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填When。
20．wherever/where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：布朗先生坚定地说：“我知道我必须去人们受苦的地方。”分析句子可知，空处引导地点状语从句，用where或wherever引导，故填where/wherever。
1、评分标准：(每题1分，共4分）
1分 能对所给的情景进行应答，内容正确，且基本符合英语表达习惯。
0.5分 应答内容正确，语言表达有些错误。
0分 应答内容不正确。
2、快速应答答题提示：
解题关键是是听懂题目所表达的功能意念，然后作出相应合理得体的回答。绝大部分题目的功能要求都是一目了然的。但要注意，有的题目要求需要读懂文字背后的真实用意。
例如，题目虽然是一般疑问句的形式，但它的功能作用不是要听到“Yes”或“No”的应答，而是寻求具体的信息（如推荐吃饭的餐厅，游玩的公园等）。因此，如果没有正确理解题目的功能要求，就会影响应答的正确性。
很多情况下，一句话因时间、地点、说话人身份等因素而意思不同，有时还可以同时表达两种功能意义。
3、习惯应答和交际用语
习惯应答
常用于感谢的应答用语 You are welcome. /Don’t mention it. / It is my pleasure (My pleasure). /Not at all. /That’s all right. / I’m glad (happy) that…/ I’m glad you like (enjoy) it.
常用于道歉的应答用语 Never mind. / It doesn’t matter. /Not at all. / That’s all right. / That is nothing.
常见的祝愿和祝贺用语 Good luck! / Best wishes to you. / Have a nice time. / Wish you a pleasant journey. / Congratulations! /Merry Christmas! / Happy birthday to you.
常见的祝愿和祝贺的应答用语 Thank you. / The same to you. / You, too.
接受请求和邀请的应答用语 With pleasure. /I’d be happy (glad) to…/ Yes, help yourself. / No problem. / Good idea. / Sounds good. / Why not
拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语 Sorry, but…/ I’d rather you…/Thank you, but… / Noway! / Forget it.
问候的应答用语有 How do you do / Fine, thank you.
介绍的应答用语有 Very glad (pleased) to see you.
接电话的习惯用语 This is Li Ming speaking.
服务人员的应答用语 Yes, Sir. / Yes, Madam. /Take your time.
对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时 Yes, I think (suppose, belief) so. Yes— I’m afraid so
对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时 No, I Won’t think (suppose) so. / No，I don’t believe so. No, I believe (suppose) not. No, I hope not. /No, I am afraid not.
用于表示请求对方允许的应答 问 “ Do you mind…” 同意：No, go ahead. / No, of course not. / No, not at all. 不同意： I’m sorry I do.
表达自己的态度和情感 表示不肯定或没把握 I am afraid that…/ It depends. / It’s up to you 表示不耐烦和催促的用语有: Well, well. / Come on. / Hurry up. 惊奇和有把握的用语有 No wonder… / No doubt…
交际用语
1. With pleasure. 当然了，十分愿意。(客气的接受或同意). 对别人提出的请求给予肯定的回答。
My pleasure. / It’s a pleasure. “不客气”或“不用谢”，用来回答别人表示感谢的用语。
2. No trouble at all. —点也不麻烦。
Don’t mention it. 别客气(回答别人感谢时的应答语)。
You are welcome. 不客气（回答别人感谢时的应答语）。
3. Never mind 不要紧（没关系）
It’s all right. 没关系，没事的.
It doesn’t matter. 不要紧。
Not at all 不必客气。（对别人感谢的应答）
That’s all right 没关系，没什么，那行
It’s nothing. / That’s nothing 这没什么
I don’t think so. 我不这样认为(不同意对方看法时的用语)
4. No way. 没门
No doubt. 毫无疑问
No wonder. 难怪
No problem. 没问题（回答别人请求时的用语）
No hurry. 不用急
No sense. 没有意义
No use. 没用
5. It / That depends. 视情况而定
It’s hard to say. 很难與
I hate to say this. 我不想这样说
It’s up to you. 由你来决定
6. Not really 不完全是，不真的是
Not exactly. 不完全，不全是
Not yet. 尚未。
Not likely. 绝对不会。
Not in the least 丝毫不。
7. So what 那又怎样？（表示不在乎的态度）
What if 如果…怎么办呢
What for 为什么
Guess what! (用于吿诉对方令人激动的或惊讶的消息)
How come 怎么会…？（表示怀疑、惊讶）
Really 真的吗？（答话时表示感兴趣或：陵舜）
Who cares 谁管呢 (常用于无礼地表示)
8. Come on 得了吧！加油！(用来鼓励对方或催促对方)
Go ahead 进行吧，干吧，用吧，请吧，继续吧（表示赞同对方的做法）
Don’t worry. 不用担心（表示安慰对方）
9. I say 表示诧异、震惊等，提醒别人注意或引出新的话题。
I’ll say! = Yes, indeed. 明确表示肯定
I dare say. 我想，很可能，大概
10. Got it 知道了，明白了。
Make it. 获得成功，能够出席(或到场）
That’s it 正是这样
Forget it 在口语中有4种用法:（1）用来回答道歉“没关系，不必在意”；（2）表示不想提；“住嘴，别再烦人地说下去”;（3）表示不愿意重复说过的话，“别提它了”，（4）表示否定，“休想，不可能”
4、练习
Directions: In Section A, you will hear four sentences. Make quick responses to the sentences you have heard.
1. Do you have a good park around here to recommend
2. I’ve just gotten my exam results. I failed.
3. I still haven’t decided what to get my brother for Christmas.
4. Jane, why not go out for a meal tonight
1. There's one around the corner of the street. / Sorry, the park is far away from here.
2. I'm sorry to hear that. / Take it easy.
3. Why not get him a tie / He'll be pleased for anything you buy for him.
4. That's a good idea. / Good. I know a nice Japanese restaurant nearby.
应用文的文体特色：
英语应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文
文章呈现形式：图表（流程图）、表格、项目符号/标号、图片、网址等。
应用文阅读能力要求：
扫读（fast-reading），快速获取信息并处理信息
查读（scanning），快速查找题干出处
阅读方法：
观大结构（大标题，文章首段，小标题， 说明/备注， 特殊符号）
主旨题：大标题 + 文章首段
细节/推理题：小标题， 说明/备注， 特殊符号
注：细节/推理题应先确定考查哪个小标题，再找具体的原句
答题方法：
顺序定位法
段落定位法（串段选项为错误选项）
题干关键词定位法
选项关键词定位法
选项分析法（反义选项， 比较选项等）
当堂检测
（2024上·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考期末）One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time a little bit contradictory to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of authors’ books.
Jefferson and his time This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982. Read it For: It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders. Don’t Read it For: This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading about the life of a person and might get boring for some.
American Sphinx An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind. Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it. Read it For: This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts. Don’t Read it For: If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life, this is not for you. It covers a few events of his life, not his entire life. This Political Biography by Meacham takes you on a journey into the world that Jefferson lived in and saw it through his eyes. It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.
The Art of Power Read it For:The depth with which this book is written is commendable. It is noted that the work done by Meacham in this book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson. Don’t Read it For: While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.
21．If one wants to know Thomas Jefferson’s experience in his whole life, ______ is most highly recommended.
A．“Jefferson and His Time” B．“American Sphinx” C．“The Art of Power” D．none of the above
22．Having read “American Sphinx”, you may ______.
A．learn how Thomas got through his childhood in details
B．understand why Thomas’ words and deeds were not always matched
C．know how ordinary people criticize or idolize him
D．learn how Jefferson formed the world around him and addressed situations
23．One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers ______.
A．may feel bored while they are reading it
B．cannot get a complete description of Thomas’ life
C．learn Thomas’ political life mainly from historians’ perspective
D．cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas’ gift
21．A 22．D 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。托马斯·杰斐逊是美国历史上最著名的人物之一，他是美国第三任总统，也是《独立宣言》的作者。他的一生鼓舞人心，但同时又与他的言论和生活方式有些矛盾，因此他成为了许多作家著书的主题。文章介绍了三本与托马斯·杰斐逊有关的著作。
21．细节理解题。根据Jefferson and his time部分中的“It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders.(这是一个完整的集子，详细介绍了杰斐逊从童年到最后的日子的生活的各个方面。对于历史爱好者来说，这是一本精彩的书，它将让你深入了解这位最令人难忘的美国领导人之一的生活)”可知，如果一个人想知道托马斯·杰斐逊的一生经历，Jefferson and His Time是最强烈推荐的。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据American Sphinx部分中的“It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.(这本书展示了杰斐逊如何塑造他周围的世界，如何处理各种情况和人物，从而塑造了今天的美国政治制度)”可知，读过American Sphinx，你可能会了解杰斐逊是如何塑造他周围的世界和处理各种情况的。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据The Art of Power部分中的“While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.(虽然这本书展示了杰斐逊的天赋，但它可能会给人一种偏见，以一种非常积极的方式展示杰斐逊，而以一种非常消极的方式展示他的对手)”可推知，The Art of Power的一个问题是，读者无法对托马斯的天赋有一个客观的看法。故选D。
搭配词组
the opening/closing ceremony 开幕式／闭幕式
challenge one's authority 质疑某人的权威
give sh. a challenge/take a challenge 发出挑战/应战
charge sb. with theft 指控某人盗窃
be in charge of sth./ take charge of sth. 负责某事
a man of strong character 有鲜明个性的人
cheat sb. out of his money . 骗某人钱
cheer sb. up=encourage sb. 鼓励某人
have no choice but to do 不得不
(sb) choose to do sth. 选择做某事
In (Under) no circumstances… (放句首，部分倒装）任何情况下都不
the civilization of mankind 人类文明
civilized society 文明社会
make sth. clear=make clear sth. 把…说清楚
classic works 经典/优秀作品
classical music 古典音乐
be classified as science 归类为理科
pay close attention to 对密切关注
be closely related to sth. 与…密切相关
be closed/open to traffic 道路通车/停止通行
a clue to the case of murder 案件的线索
off the coast 在近海
collect one's thoughts 集中精力
collect money raise money 募集资金
with combined efforts 经共同努力
(sth) come about=happen 发生
come true 实现
come across sb=meet with sb. 邂逅
(sb.) come to (oneself) 苏醒
(sth.) come into being 形成
(sth.) come into effect 生效
(sb.) come up with a new idea 想起个新主意
communicate with sb. 和某入交流
communicate the ideas/sth. to sb. 把…传递／传达
keep sb company 陪伴某人
compare A with B 比较A与B
compare A to B 把A比作B
by comparison (副词短语）比较而言
in comparison with (介词短语）比较而言
beyond comparison 无与伦比
compete with sb. for sth. 与某人为…竞争
complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨/投诉
make a compliment to sb. on / about sth. 夸奖/称赞某人
compliment / come to a conclusion 得出结论
draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论
jump to a conclusion 枉下结论／匆忙下结论
be concerned about sb. /show concern for 关心／某人
be concerned with sth. 与…有关
as far as sb. is concerned 就…而言
compose music 作曲
be composed of=be made up of=consist of 由…组成
compulsory education 义务教育
confess doing sth. 坦白做某事
be in good condition 状况良好
on condition that 在…的条件下；假如
have confidence in sth. 对某事有信心
be/feel confident of/about sth. 对…有信心
be in conflict with sb. 与某人发生冲突
congratulate sb. on sth. 向某人的…祝贺
be conscious of=be aware of 意识到
conceal sth. from sb. 隐藏某物
concentrate one's efforts /attention on sth. 集中精力／注意力在某事上
conquer a country 征服一个国家
conquer one's fear 克服了恐惧的心理
have a clear / guilty conscience 问心无愧/有愧
regardless of the consequence 不计后果
(sb) answer for the consequences 对后果负责
consider sb./sth. to be 认为…是
consider doing sth.
under construction 在建设中
consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事
consult a dictionary 查字典
=look up a new word in dictionary
=refer to a dictionary
contact (vt.) sb. 与某人联系注：动词不用with
make/get in contact with sb. 与某人建立取得联系[n]
keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系
an English speech contest 英语竞赛
sign a contract 签署合同
contrary to one's expectation/wishes 与愿望相反
on the contrary. 正相反
by contrast, ... 对照之下；相对照…（副词短语）
in contrast to/with sth. (介词短语）与…相比
contribute sth. to sh. 把某物贡献给某人
A contribute to B A导致B
beyond control/out of control 无法控制/失控
under control 得到控制
(do sth) at one's convenience 在某人方便时
for one’s convenience 为了方便某人
convey sth. to sb. 把…传递给某人
convince sh. of sth. 使某人确信／相信某事
cooperate with sb. in (doing) sth 与某人合作
at all costs=at any.cost 不惜任何代价
at the cost of one's life 以生命为代价
count on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做
(sth.) really counts 是真正重要的
have the courage to do sth. 勇气做某事
keep up one's courage 保持勇气
in/during the course of sth. 在…的过程中
required courses/optional courses 必修课、选修课
cover the family expenses 足以支付家庭开支
cover 400 miles 走完400英里的路
have a lot/nothing in common 有很多/没有共同点
common interest 共同的利益
comment on sth./make comments on sth. 评头论足
have a clear / guilt conscience 问心无愧/问心有愧
B. 容易混淆的词
character/characteristic
chemical/chemistry
confess/admit
conscience/conscious
considerate/considerable
critical/critic
classic/classical
close/closed
contest/context/content
contact/contract
contrast/compare
compulsory/contemporary/temporary
committee/community
dairy/diary
decline/refuse/reject
C. 易拼错的词
chimney conscience conscious contemporary
contrary compulsory contract convenience
corporation cooperation curriculum cucumber
chocolate cigarette dairy
D. 常考句型
There is little chance of passing the exam
通过考试的机会渺茫。
英语中常用There be而不用It is句型：
There is no chance/point/need sense doing sth.
There is no proof that…
There is no doubt that …
There is a possibility that…
There is no doubt that…
There is a high chance that…(There are chances that. ..)
注意： There is no need to do…
It is considerate of sb to do sth. 某人考虑周到
(kind/nice/friendly/cleaver/sensible/polite/rude)
It's convenient for sb to do sth某人做某事很方便
(easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible, dangerous)
E. 一词多义的单词复习
cease v. 停止
cease to talk/talking停止谈话
chance可能性=possibility, 机会、冒险、碰巧
take a chance to do…尝试做=try doing
leave everything to chance听天由命
take a chance/chances to do sth. 冒险做事
do sth. by chance偶然为之
The chances are that…有可能…
characteristic adj. (人）有个性的，（物）特征、特色的
It is characteristic of him to remain silent at class.
A long neck is characteristic of a giraffe.
长颈鹿的特征就是头颈长。
charge v.开价，指控，充电
charge $10 for the book 书的价格10元
charge sb. with murder/doing sth…指控某人谋杀
The battery is being charged. 电池充电
n. 指控，免费，负责
bring a charge against sb.
be free of charge 免费
be in charge of 负责
commit犯罪（错），承诺，致力于
commit a crime/suicide 犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to sth./doing sth. 承诺做某事
a committed teacher一个尽责任的老师
commit sth. to one's memory 把…记做脑海里
compare比较以找出同类物体的差异（形容词 不用比较形式）
Shanghai is. large compared to/with Paris. 与巴黎 比较上海更加大。
区别：contrast对…照以表明两类（物）的不统
Her poor appearance contrasts with her strong ability.
她丑陋的外貌与强干的能力形成对照．
claim v. 认领，声称， 夺取生命
claim a watch 认领手表
claim responsibility 声称对负责
The earthquake claimed man lives. 地震夺取了许多生命
command v. 命令，指挥，博得
command sb. to do 命令某人做…
command an army 指挥军队
command one's respect 博得尊敬
command n. 指挥
in command of an army 指挥军队
have a good command of English英语掌握的好
consult v. 请教， 咨询、查阅， 商量
consult a doctor about one's illness就病咨询医生
consult a dictionary =look up a word in a dictionary 查词典
consult with sb. about sth. 就…与人商讨
convey v. 传达, 运送
convey one's feeling in words用文字表达情感
convey one's luggage from the airport to the hotel
把行李从机场运往旅馆
course n. 过程， 课程， 河道，航程，一道菜
in the course of the meeting 在会议期间
take the computer course 学电脑课程
a five-course wedding dinner he off course 在五道菜的婚宴
be off course 偏离航道
（2024上·上海青浦·高三统考期末）Keep Cool Next Summer with These 3 Devices
As we prepare for what could be another hot summer, you may already be feeling the heat. Luckily a range of unusual and clever devices are now available to help make hot summer days more bearable.
The breeze-blowing umbrella
Umbrellas serve a double function, protecting us from rain and sunlight; they also serve as a sort of personal ozone layer. The Fanbrella, which looks and feels just like a conventional umbrella, is perfect for keeping the rain at bay but boasts a delicate fan located underneath the cover, so that you can enjoy fresh cool air while you walk through the summer showers. The fan is small and quiet enough to be unnoticeable yet powerful enough to reduce humidity. Operated by a switch on the handle of the umbrella, it can be activated only when you need it most.
Air conditioned beds
Humid nights are a horrible experience for most people, causing much discomfort and making sleep impossible. Unfortunately, a conventional fan in your bedroom will do little to mitigate your suffering, as humid air is simply blown around the room. An air conditioned bed is the perfect solution! This revolutionary furniture boasts quiet fans at the foot of the bed that help to circulate cool air from the opposite end, so you’re effectively sleeping on an air conditioned bed. With low running costs, summer nights without sleep could be a thing of the past.
The iPhone fan
iPhones are known for getting pretty hot to the touch when you’re using one, but now your smartphone could be the perfect device to help keep the summer heat at bay when you’re working at your desk or on the move. The small plastic fan fits onto the top of your iPhone and plugs into your phone’s charging socket (充电插座), so you need not worry about running out of batteries. With a quiet motor, you can be confident that colleagues won’t be disturbed and, if you remember to keep your iPhone charged, you can take the fan anywhere, from a sweaty train ride home to a walk in the local park with family.
With a range of inventive accessories to help make hot days more bearable, all we need now is a summer!
1．What makes a breeze-blowing umbrella superior to a conventional umbrella
A．It creates a personal ozone layer to avoid sunlight.
B．It boasts unconventional and luxurious appearance.
C．It can be activated by voice when you need it most.
D．It has a fan to give off cool air and reduce humidity.
2．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “mitigate”
A．Claim. B．Relieve. C．Intensify. D．Sustain.
3．What do we know about the iPhone fan
A．It can prevent your iPhone from temperature rise in summer heat.
B．You’d better use it outdoors to avoid noise despite the quiet motor.
C．It is portable and can function well without limitation of locations.
D．Batteries with high-capacity should be prepared to keep it charged.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三种可以在夏天帮助保持凉爽的设备。
1．细节理解题。根据The breeze-blowing umbrella中“The Fanbrella, which looks and feels just like a conventional umbrella, is perfect for keeping the rain at bay but boasts a delicate fan located underneath the cover, so that you can enjoy fresh cool air while you walk through the summer showers. The fan is small and quiet enough to be unnoticeable yet powerful enough to reduce humidity. (这款“Fanbrella”的外观和手感都和传统雨伞差不多，不仅可以完美地挡雨，而且在伞面下还安装了一个精致的风扇，这样你在夏日阵雨中漫步时就可以享受到新鲜的凉风。风扇小而安静，不引人注意，但足够强大，可以降低湿度)”可知，相比于传统的雨伞，这款产品的优势在于它有一个风扇来吹出凉风，降低湿度。故选D项。
2．词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Unfortunately, a conventional fan in your bedroom (不幸的是，你卧室里传统的风扇)”和下文“as humid air is simply blown around the room (因为潮湿的空气只是被吹到房间里)”可知，此处是描述传统的风扇的缺点，说明它无法解决湿度的问题。由此推知，它对缓解人在该环境下的痛苦没有帮助，mitigate意思应该是“缓解，减轻”，与relieve意思相近。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据The iPhone fan中“With a quiet motor, you can be confident that colleagues won’t be disturbed and, if you remember to keep your iPhone charged, you can take the fan anywhere, from a sweaty train ride home to a walk in the local park with family. (有了一个安静的发动机，你可以确信同事不会被打扰，如果你记得给iPhone充电，你可以带着风扇去任何地方，无论是在回家的火车上，还是和家人在当地公园散步)”可知，这款产品是便携式的，可以不受位置限制地发挥作用。故选C项。
（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）How to Travel to Machu Picchu
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
*For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes, Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal journey for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
*Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
*Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exercise to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
*Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an operator, entrance tickets should be included. All entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer (臭氧层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation (海拔), makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
*Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
4．Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose
A．The express Salkantay Trek. B．The Inca Trail.
C．The Apus Peru Trek. D．The Choquequrao Trek.
5．Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu
A．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.
B．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.
C．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for 4 hours.
D．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.
6．The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by .
A．strengthened B．harmed C．detected D．neutralized
【答案】4．D 5．D 6．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去马丘比丘旅游的一些攻略。
4．推理判断题。根据题干可知，Andy是一个主修考古学的大学生，他喜欢极限运动，他还是一位经验丰富的徒步旅行者。根据“Hiking to Machu Picchu”下面第三段的“Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu.(对考古感兴趣的旅行者应该考虑马丘比丘延伸出来的Choquequirao Trek。这一行程包括在人迹罕至的、陡峭的阿普里马克峡谷进行壮观的徒步旅行，以及在前往马丘比丘之前探索Choquequirao考古遗址。)”可知，Choquequirao有考古遗址，而且在前往马丘比丘的途中需要经过人迹罕至的、陡峭的峡谷，这些能够满足Andy的考古和进行极限运动的爱好，所以他最有可能选择Choquequirao Trek。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an travel agency, all services should be included.(如果你是独自旅行，你可以购买个人门票，尽管你应该注意，在进入景点之前，你需要雇用一名当地导游。如果你通过旅行社预订了旅游套餐，那么所有服务都应包括在内。)”可知，个人购买门票时被要求雇用当地导游，而购买旅行套餐的人享受所有服务。可知“导游服务对于个人和团体游客都是有必要的”是正确的。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.(再加上海拔高度，那会使得太阳非常强烈，所以戴上帽子，使用防晒系数高的防晒霜。)”可知，这里的阳光强烈，所以紫外线强度高，由此可知，这里的用来吸收紫外线的臭氧层遭到破坏，所以不足以抵挡紫外线。因此推断compromised表示“受到损害”，与harmed的意思最为接近。故选B。
（2023上·上海·高三上海市行知中学校考期中）Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries.
The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.
There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury.
Here are several ways to avoid running injury.
● Prepare your body for running by walking.
● Understand your body type and be patient.
● Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach.
● Wear the right shoes.
The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury.
7．Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in the picture
A．① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ shin splints
B．① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ Achilles tendonitis
C．① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints; ④ stress fracture
D．① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tendonitis; ④ stress fracture
8．According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance
A．Using some muscles more intensely than others.
B．Training weak muscles more often than strong ones.
C．Adapting your body to stresses slowly.
D．Giving your body little time to recover.
9．According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you had better _____.
A．turn to a coach for help B．consult a trained doctor
C．understand your body type first D．wear another pair of running shoes
【答案】7．D 8．A 9．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了跑步是一种很好的锻炼方式。然而，在某些条件下跑步会导致各种各样的伤害，文章介绍了几种避免跑步受伤的方法。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.”（根据调查结果，报告病例最多的是膝关节损伤和肌肉拉伤，前者发生的频率稍低。大约四分之一的受访者说他们患有足底筋膜炎。患有跟腱炎或胫骨夹板的受访者几乎是患有应力性骨折的受访者的两倍，这也是受访者中最少的。）可知，在跑步常见损伤中，最多的是肌肉拉伤，最少的是应力性骨折，所以结合选项和图片中的占比数，可知D项符合该项统计调查结果。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help.”（当某个肌肉群很弱，需要其他肌肉群的帮助时，就会出现结构失衡。）可知，使用一些肌肉比其他肌肉更强烈导致了结构不平衡。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor.”（找到并治疗跑步受伤的原因是训练有素的医生的工作。）可知，根据这篇文章，如果你想知道为什么跑步后你的背部和膝盖会疼，你最好找个训练有素的医生咨询下。故选B项。
（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that-it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients.3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
10．What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production
A．It helps cooks to create new dishes. B．It saves time and effort in cooking.
C．It improves the cooking conditions. D．It contributes to restaurant decorations
11．According to Paragraph 4,3D-printed food _______.
A．is more available to consumers B．can meet individual nutritional needs
C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
12．What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely
A．The printing process is complicated. B．3D food printers are too expensive.
C．Food materials have to be dry D．Some experts doubt 3D food printing
【答案】10．B 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
10．推理判断题。根据文章Food production中的“With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that-it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. (有了3D打印机，厨师可以打印复杂的巧克力雕塑和漂亮的装饰在婚礼蛋糕上。不是每个人都能做到这一点——这需要多年的经验，但一台打印机使它变得容易。西班牙一家餐厅使用Foodini来“重新制作”“一模一样”的食物，让厨师们腾出时间去完成其他任务。)”可推断，3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据文章Nutrition 中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.（食品打印可以让消费者打印出具有定制营养成分的食品，比如维生素。）”可知，3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. (最重要的是，现在大多数3D食品打印机都局限于干燥的原料，因为肉类和奶制品很容易变质。一些专家对3D食品打印机持怀疑态度，认为它们更适合快餐店，而不是家庭和高端餐厅。)”可推断，食品材料必须干燥是阻碍3D食品打印普及的主要因素。故选C。
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考阶段练习）Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling(浮潜)and learning about coral reefs, it’s a week of marine adventure!
Marine Adventure Camp
June 24 - 28; Monday - Friday
July 8 - 12; Monday - Friday
July 29 - August 2; Monday - Friday
August 12 - 16; Monday - Friday
5 days / 4 nightsAges: 10 to 14 Price: $595 (not inclusive of room cost) Camp Hours
Monday: 5:45 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Tuesday: 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Wednesday: 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Thursday: 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Friday: Check out (or you may extend your stay on your own). * Please note: Programming subject to change based on weather conditions.
Package Components Dress Code
1. Amenity(便利设施)Package -- Camp Name Badge -- Mask and Snorkel(水下呼吸管) -- Messenger Bag -- Cap --Towel -- Marine Life Guide -- Water Bottle 2. Welcome Dinner 3. Lunch for 3 days (venue to be determined) 4. Behind the Scenes with our SeaKeeper Team 5. Behind the Scenes with our Marine Mammal Team 6. Fish food preparation and hand feeding 7. Ruins Snorkel 8. Stingray(魟)Snorkel 9. Blue Adventure Snorkel Trip 10. Shark Walk with Stuart Cove T-Shirts Shorts Swimsuits Water Shoes (Since most water shoes are uncomfortable for the amount of walking they do, especially when wet, they are not allowed to change into water shoes when they prepare to swim.) Sun Block
Important Notes
All attendees must be able to swim without assistance. All attendees must speak fluent English. Camp name badge must be worn daily. Attendees. MUST be at least 10 years of age.
13．You can get to know all the information about the Marine Adventure Camp EXCEPT _________.
A．camp hours B．camp price
C．things to bring D．daily schedules
14．The Marine Adventure camp is suitable for _________.
A．Tom, who has just graduated from high school
B．Jerry, who has saved up 600 dollars for summer holiday
C．Mary, a local 6 grader who likes swimming
D．Edward, who has just been employed as an aquarist
15．Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A．Attendees don’t wear water shoes when they go swimming.
B．All attendees must check out on the last day of the camp.
C．The programs are fixed and no minor changes will be made.
D．Attendees will have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了小亚特兰蒂斯水族馆管理员一个星期的海洋冒险活动安排。
13．细节理解题。根据表格中的“Camp Hours（宿营时间）”；“Price（价格）”；以及“Package Components(包裹组件)”可知，文中未提及daily schedules。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据表格中Important Notes部分中“All attendees must be able to swim without assistance.(所有参加者必须能够在没有帮助的情况下游泳。)”以及“Ages: 10 to 14(年龄：10到14岁)”可知，玛丽，一个当地的六年级学生，喜欢游泳适合参加该活动。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据Dress Code部分中“Water Shoes (Since most water shoes are uncomfortable for the amount of walking they do, especially when wet, they are not allowed to change into water shoes when they prepare to swim.)(水鞋(因为大多数水鞋在走路时不舒服，尤其是湿的时候，所以他们在准备游泳时不允许换上水鞋。)”可知，参加者去游泳时不穿水鞋。故选A。
（2023上·上海浦东新·高三统考期末）
While writing plain English is no challenge, most of us struggle to find words or phrases to perfectly fall in place with the content. To help you improve your writing skills in English, we have collected some of the best web resources dedicated to this mission. Grammarly ● Grammarly is one of the best online resources to grammarly significantly improve your vocabulary and writing. It is basically an online word processor, which goes beyond others in correcting over 250 types of English mistakes. The spell-checker and vocabulary enhancer are the standout features of Grammarly. ● Since the Grammarly app is also available for your web browser, you can simply install the extension and edit all of your Emails, social media posts, or any content that you create from your web browser. ●Although Grammarly is offered as free installation, a premium plan does exist which costs around $29. 95/month.
Thesaurus ●Thesaurus is one of the vital tools that every good English writer has in their storehouse. Building on vocabulary is essential and that is what Thesaurus just offers. Thesaurus helps users by providing alternative words and phrases to perfectly express themselves. It also offers the best collection of synonyms and antonyms. ● Overuse of cliches, adverbs or bulky phrases is some examples of poor writing, which needs to be addressed. In this case, the Thesaurus has a collection of some of the most overused expressions that must be avoided in written English. ● Sharpen your English skills with this powerful online and mobile application tool for free. Hemingway App ●The Hemingway App is a wonderful web-based and desktop software to help you edit your written English. It tackles a lot of subtle differences in English writing, like very complex sentences, uses of passive voice and much more. Using Hemingway App, all of your wordy sentences are highlighted in yellow and irrelevant content in red. ● The Hemingway app also provides a readability score for the entered text, which you could use to analyze the structure of the content you’ve written and build a connection with your readers. ●Though available as a free version for web interfaces, the standalone desktop software for Mac and Windows costs $9. 99/month.
16．Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A．Grammarly is primarily focused on helping improve spelling and grammar in writing.
B．Thesaurus offers a large collection of word entries to enhance vocabulary.
C．The Hemingway App’s premium desktop software is available for a one-time payment of $9.99.
D．The Hemingway App assigns a distinct color to each type of grammar mistake it detects in the text.
17．If you expect to objectively assess how effectively your content will connect with your readers, you are likely to turn to______.
A．Grammarly B．Thesaurus C．Hemingway App D．all
18．Who are probably NOT the intended readers of this passage
A．Fiction writers looking for real life materials to spark their creativity.
B．Non-native English speakers wanting to improve their writing proficiency.
C．Language enthusiasts interested in exploring different web-based tools.
D．Magazine editors whose role involves reviewing and polishing manuscripts.
【答案】16．B 17．C 18．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三个提高英语写作技巧的网站。
16．细节理解题。根据“Thesaurus”下面的“Building on vocabulary is essential and that is what Thesaurus just offers. Thesaurus helps users by providing alternative words and phrases to perfectly express themselves. It also offers the best collection of synonyms and antonyms.(建立在词汇基础上是至关重要的，而这正是Thesaurus所提供的。Thesaurus通过提供可供选择的单词和短语来帮助用户完美地表达自己。它还提供了最好的同义词和反义词集合)”可知，Thesaurus提供大量的词汇词条来帮助提高词汇量。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“Hemingway App”下面的“The Hemingway app also provides a readability score for the entered text, which you could use to analyze the structure of the content you’ve written and build a connection with your readers.(Hemingway应用程序还为输入的文本提供可读性评分，你可以使用该评分来分析你所写内容的结构，并与读者建立联系)”可知，Hemingway应用程序可以帮助评估所写内容与读者建立联系的有效性。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“To help you improve your writing skills in English, we have collected some of the best web resources dedicated to this mission.(为了帮助你提高英语写作技能，我们收集了一些专门用于此任务的最佳网络资源。)”和文中的“It is basically an online word processor, which goes beyond others in correcting over 250 types of English mistakes. The spell-checker and vocabulary enhancer are the standout features of Grammarly.(它基本上是一个在线文字处理器，在纠正250多种英语错误方面超越了其他词典。拼写检查器和词汇增强器是Grammarly的突出特点)”、“Using Hemingway App, all of your wordy sentences are highlighted in yellow and irrelevant content in red.(使用Hemingway应用程序，你所有的冗长句子都用黄色突出显示，无关内容用红色突出显示)”等可知，本篇文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高英语写作技能的网络资源，这些资源可以帮助检查拼写、提高词汇量、检查句子内容等，由此可推测出，本文的目标读者可能是想提高写作能力的非英语母语的人、对探索不同的网络工具感兴趣的语言爱好者、需要做审阅和润色稿件工作的杂志编辑。故选A。专题04 状语从句+口语4+阅读理解B篇（知识全梳理）
·模块一 状语从句
·模块二 口语：快速应答
·模块三 阅读理解B篇
·模块四 高考常考词组4
·模块五 2024届上海高三名校真题速递
考点一：状语从句连词
状语从句 连词
时间 基本类：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as； 名词类：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, every time, each time, (the) next time, the last time, any time, the first time； 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, presently； 短语类：no sooner…than, hardly/ scarcely…when, by the time.
地点 where, wherever, everywhere
条件 if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case
原因 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, given that(鉴于) , in that
让步 though, although, even if(though), while, as, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词, whether … or,
比较 as…as, not so/as…as, than, the more…the more
方式 as, as if (though)
目的 that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果 so that, so… that, such … that
考点二：常考连词
1、before
It will be + 一段时间 + before sb. does sth. 表将来 常译作“还要多久才会……”
It was + 一段时间 + before sb. did sth. 表过去 常译作“过了多久才……”
I slipped out before the lecture started.
He is leaving for Australia and it will be three years before he comes back.
During the war he joined the army and it was three years before he came back.
2、no sooner…than, hardly/ scarcely…when
I had hardly closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
＝Hardly had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
3、by the time
By the time he arrives, we will already have left California.
By the time he arrived, we had already left California.
4、so/such...that
单数名词:
不可数名词或复数可数名词: 名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时:
5、as/though
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely.
Fail as he did, he would never give up.
6、no matter+ wh词和由疑问词＋ever
We'll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes.
No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this.
考点三：两个空常考连词
We won't give up even if we should fail ten times.
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
考点四：三个空常考连词:
You'll do all right as long as you follow his advice.
No matter where you go, I would keep you company.
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
当堂检测
1．Though (attack) with cancer, he still keeps optimistic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2． I get him a job, he’ll be fine. (用适当的词填空)
3． reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. (用适当的词填空)
4．As a matter of fact, I began playing football I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it. (用适当的词填空)
5． time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. The green hills have gradually changed into a wasteland. （用适当的词填空）
6．He put off his departure his sister came. （用适当的词填空）
7．The audience like these TV competitions the participants are given a chance to break out of their everyday life and become special. （用适当的词填空）
8．Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie get into the backyard. (用适当的词填空)
9． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. (用适当的词填空)
10．Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all the vacation can work for everyone. (用适当的词填空)
11． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. (用适当的词填空)
12．Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace. （用适当的词填空）
13．You’ll fail in the driving test you have more practice. （用适当的词填空）
14．Who knows how long it will be Mr Smith wants to try something else (用适当的词填空)
15．The story tells us that you want to get something, you must work hard for it. （用适当的词填空）
16．Physical Education in schools can teach us endurance something we all need life becomes tough. （用适当的词填空）
17．It has been three hours the policeman caught the robber. （用适当的词填空）
18．You will miss the train you hurry up. （用适当的词填空）
19． the fox arrived at the stork’s home, he saw that they were also having soup for dinner. （用适当的词填空）
20．Mr. Brown said firmly, “I knew I had to go the people were suffering.” (用适当的词填空)
1、评分标准：(每题1分，共4分）
1分 能对所给的情景进行应答，内容正确，且基本符合英语表达习惯。
0.5分 应答内容正确，语言表达有些错误。
0分 应答内容不正确。
2、快速应答答题提示：
解题关键是是听懂题目所表达的功能意念，然后作出相应合理得体的回答。绝大部分题目的功能要求都是一目了然的。但要注意，有的题目要求需要读懂文字背后的真实用意。
例如，题目虽然是一般疑问句的形式，但它的功能作用不是要听到“Yes”或“No”的应答，而是寻求具体的信息（如推荐吃饭的餐厅，游玩的公园等）。因此，如果没有正确理解题目的功能要求，就会影响应答的正确性。
很多情况下，一句话因时间、地点、说话人身份等因素而意思不同，有时还可以同时表达两种功能意义。
3、习惯应答和交际用语
习惯应答
常用于感谢的应答用语 You are welcome. /Don’t mention it. / It is my pleasure (My pleasure). /Not at all. /That’s all right. / I’m glad (happy) that…/ I’m glad you like (enjoy) it.
常用于道歉的应答用语 Never mind. / It doesn’t matter. /Not at all. / That’s all right. / That is nothing.
常见的祝愿和祝贺用语 Good luck! / Best wishes to you. / Have a nice time. / Wish you a pleasant journey. / Congratulations! /Merry Christmas! / Happy birthday to you.
常见的祝愿和祝贺的应答用语 Thank you. / The same to you. / You, too.
接受请求和邀请的应答用语 With pleasure. /I’d be happy (glad) to…/ Yes, help yourself. / No problem. / Good idea. / Sounds good. / Why not
拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语 Sorry, but…/ I’d rather you…/Thank you, but… / Noway! / Forget it.
问候的应答用语有 How do you do / Fine, thank you.
介绍的应答用语有 Very glad (pleased) to see you.
接电话的习惯用语 This is Li Ming speaking.
服务人员的应答用语 Yes, Sir. / Yes, Madam. /Take your time.
对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时 Yes, I think (suppose, belief) so. Yes— I’m afraid so
对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时 No, I Won’t think (suppose) so. / No，I don’t believe so. No, I believe (suppose) not. No, I hope not. /No, I am afraid not.
用于表示请求对方允许的应答 问 “ Do you mind…” 同意：No, go ahead. / No, of course not. / No, not at all. 不同意： I’m sorry I do.
表达自己的态度和情感 表示不肯定或没把握 I am afraid that…/ It depends. / It’s up to you 表示不耐烦和催促的用语有: Well, well. / Come on. / Hurry up. 惊奇和有把握的用语有 No wonder… / No doubt…
交际用语
1. With pleasure. 当然了，十分愿意。(客气的接受或同意). 对别人提出的请求给予肯定的回答。
My pleasure. / It’s a pleasure. “不客气”或“不用谢”，用来回答别人表示感谢的用语。
2. No trouble at all. —点也不麻烦。
Don’t mention it. 别客气(回答别人感谢时的应答语)。
You are welcome. 不客气（回答别人感谢时的应答语）。
3. Never mind 不要紧（没关系）
It’s all right. 没关系，没事的.
It doesn’t matter. 不要紧。
Not at all 不必客气。（对别人感谢的应答）
That’s all right 没关系，没什么，那行
It’s nothing. / That’s nothing 这没什么
I don’t think so. 我不这样认为(不同意对方看法时的用语)
4. No way. 没门
No doubt. 毫无疑问
No wonder. 难怪
No problem. 没问题（回答别人请求时的用语）
No hurry. 不用急
No sense. 没有意义
No use. 没用
5. It / That depends. 视情况而定
It’s hard to say. 很难與
I hate to say this. 我不想这样说
It’s up to you. 由你来决定
6. Not really 不完全是，不真的是
Not exactly. 不完全，不全是
Not yet. 尚未。
Not likely. 绝对不会。
Not in the least 丝毫不。
7. So what 那又怎样？（表示不在乎的态度）
What if 如果…怎么办呢
What for 为什么
Guess what! (用于吿诉对方令人激动的或惊讶的消息)
How come 怎么会…？（表示怀疑、惊讶）
Really 真的吗？（答话时表示感兴趣或：陵舜）
Who cares 谁管呢 (常用于无礼地表示)
8. Come on 得了吧！加油！(用来鼓励对方或催促对方)
Go ahead 进行吧，干吧，用吧，请吧，继续吧（表示赞同对方的做法）
Don’t worry. 不用担心（表示安慰对方）
9. I say 表示诧异、震惊等，提醒别人注意或引出新的话题。
I’ll say! = Yes, indeed. 明确表示肯定
I dare say. 我想，很可能，大概
10. Got it 知道了，明白了。
Make it. 获得成功，能够出席(或到场）
That’s it 正是这样
Forget it 在口语中有4种用法:（1）用来回答道歉“没关系，不必在意”；（2）表示不想提；“住嘴，别再烦人地说下去”;（3）表示不愿意重复说过的话，“别提它了”，（4）表示否定，“休想，不可能”
4、练习
Directions: In Section A, you will hear four sentences. Make quick responses to the sentences you have heard.
1. Do you have a good park around here to recommend
2. I’ve just gotten my exam results. I failed.
3. I still haven’t decided what to get my brother for Christmas.
4. Jane, why not go out for a meal tonight
应用文的文体特色：
英语应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文
文章呈现形式：图表（流程图）、表格、项目符号/标号、图片、网址等。
应用文阅读能力要求：
扫读（fast-reading），快速获取信息并处理信息
查读（scanning），快速查找题干出处
阅读方法：
观大结构（大标题，文章首段，小标题， 说明/备注， 特殊符号）
主旨题：大标题 + 文章首段
细节/推理题：小标题， 说明/备注， 特殊符号
注：细节/推理题应先确定考查哪个小标题，再找具体的原句
答题方法：
顺序定位法
段落定位法（串段选项为错误选项）
题干关键词定位法
选项关键词定位法
选项分析法（反义选项， 比较选项等）
当堂检测
（2024上·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考期末）One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time a little bit contradictory to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of authors’ books.
Jefferson and his time This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982. Read it For: It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders. Don’t Read it For: This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading about the life of a person and might get boring for some.
American Sphinx An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind. Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it. Read it For: This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts. Don’t Read it For: If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life, this is not for you. It covers a few events of his life, not his entire life. This Political Biography by Meacham takes you on a journey into the world that Jefferson lived in and saw it through his eyes. It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.
The Art of Power Read it For:The depth with which this book is written is commendable. It is noted that the work done by Meacham in this book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson. Don’t Read it For: While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.
21．If one wants to know Thomas Jefferson’s experience in his whole life, ______ is most highly recommended.
A．“Jefferson and His Time” B．“American Sphinx” C．“The Art of Power” D．none of the above
22．Having read “American Sphinx”, you may ______.
A．learn how Thomas got through his childhood in details
B．understand why Thomas’ words and deeds were not always matched
C．know how ordinary people criticize or idolize him
D．learn how Jefferson formed the world around him and addressed situations
23．One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers ______.
A．may feel bored while they are reading it
B．cannot get a complete description of Thomas’ life
C．learn Thomas’ political life mainly from historians’ perspective
D．cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas’ gift
搭配词组
the opening/closing ceremony 开幕式／闭幕式
challenge one's authority 质疑某人的权威
give sh. a challenge/take a challenge 发出挑战/应战
charge sb. with theft 指控某人盗窃
be in charge of sth./ take charge of sth. 负责某事
a man of strong character 有鲜明个性的人
cheat sb. out of his money . 骗某人钱
cheer sb. up=encourage sb. 鼓励某人
have no choice but to do 不得不
(sb) choose to do sth. 选择做某事
In (Under) no circumstances… (放句首，部分倒装）任何情况下都不
the civilization of mankind 人类文明
civilized society 文明社会
make sth. clear=make clear sth. 把…说清楚
classic works 经典/优秀作品
classical music 古典音乐
be classified as science 归类为理科
pay close attention to 对密切关注
be closely related to sth. 与…密切相关
be closed/open to traffic 道路通车/停止通行
a clue to the case of murder 案件的线索
off the coast 在近海
collect one's thoughts 集中精力
collect money raise money 募集资金
with combined efforts 经共同努力
(sth) come about=happen 发生
come true 实现
come across sb=meet with sb. 邂逅
(sb.) come to (oneself) 苏醒
(sth.) come into being 形成
(sth.) come into effect 生效
(sb.) come up with a new idea 想起个新主意
communicate with sb. 和某入交流
communicate the ideas/sth. to sb. 把…传递／传达
keep sb company 陪伴某人
compare A with B 比较A与B
compare A to B 把A比作B
by comparison (副词短语）比较而言
in comparison with (介词短语）比较而言
beyond comparison 无与伦比
compete with sb. for sth. 与某人为…竞争
complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨/投诉
make a compliment to sb. on / about sth. 夸奖/称赞某人
compliment / come to a conclusion 得出结论
draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论
jump to a conclusion 枉下结论／匆忙下结论
be concerned about sb. /show concern for 关心／某人
be concerned with sth. 与…有关
as far as sb. is concerned 就…而言
compose music 作曲
be composed of=be made up of=consist of 由…组成
compulsory education 义务教育
confess doing sth. 坦白做某事
be in good condition 状况良好
on condition that 在…的条件下；假如
have confidence in sth. 对某事有信心
be/feel confident of/about sth. 对…有信心
be in conflict with sb. 与某人发生冲突
congratulate sb. on sth. 向某人的…祝贺
be conscious of=be aware of 意识到
conceal sth. from sb. 隐藏某物
concentrate one's efforts /attention on sth. 集中精力／注意力在某事上
conquer a country 征服一个国家
conquer one's fear 克服了恐惧的心理
have a clear / guilty conscience 问心无愧/有愧
regardless of the consequence 不计后果
(sb) answer for the consequences 对后果负责
consider sb./sth. to be 认为…是
consider doing sth.
under construction 在建设中
consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事
consult a dictionary 查字典
=look up a new word in dictionary
=refer to a dictionary
contact (vt.) sb. 与某人联系注：动词不用with
make/get in contact with sb. 与某人建立取得联系[n]
keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系
an English speech contest 英语竞赛
sign a contract 签署合同
contrary to one's expectation/wishes 与愿望相反
on the contrary. 正相反
by contrast, ... 对照之下；相对照…（副词短语）
in contrast to/with sth. (介词短语）与…相比
contribute sth. to sh. 把某物贡献给某人
A contribute to B A导致B
beyond control/out of control 无法控制/失控
under control 得到控制
(do sth) at one's convenience 在某人方便时
for one’s convenience 为了方便某人
convey sth. to sb. 把…传递给某人
convince sh. of sth. 使某人确信／相信某事
cooperate with sb. in (doing) sth 与某人合作
at all costs=at any.cost 不惜任何代价
at the cost of one's life 以生命为代价
count on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做
(sth.) really counts 是真正重要的
have the courage to do sth. 勇气做某事
keep up one's courage 保持勇气
in/during the course of sth. 在…的过程中
required courses/optional courses 必修课、选修课
cover the family expenses 足以支付家庭开支
cover 400 miles 走完400英里的路
have a lot/nothing in common 有很多/没有共同点
common interest 共同的利益
comment on sth./make comments on sth. 评头论足
have a clear / guilt conscience 问心无愧/问心有愧
B. 容易混淆的词
character/characteristic
chemical/chemistry
confess/admit
conscience/conscious
considerate/considerable
critical/critic
classic/classical
close/closed
contest/context/content
contact/contract
contrast/compare
compulsory/contemporary/temporary
committee/community
dairy/diary
decline/refuse/reject
C. 易拼错的词
chimney conscience conscious contemporary
contrary compulsory contract convenience
corporation cooperation curriculum cucumber
chocolate cigarette dairy
D. 常考句型
There is little chance of passing the exam
通过考试的机会渺茫。
英语中常用There be而不用It is句型：
There is no chance/point/need sense doing sth.
There is no proof that…
There is no doubt that …
There is a possibility that…
There is no doubt that…
There is a high chance that…(There are chances that. ..)
注意： There is no need to do…
It is considerate of sb to do sth. 某人考虑周到
(kind/nice/friendly/cleaver/sensible/polite/rude)
It's convenient for sb to do sth某人做某事很方便
(easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible, dangerous)
E. 一词多义的单词复习
cease v. 停止
cease to talk/talking停止谈话
chance可能性=possibility, 机会、冒险、碰巧
take a chance to do…尝试做=try doing
leave everything to chance听天由命
take a chance/chances to do sth. 冒险做事
do sth. by chance偶然为之
The chances are that…有可能…
characteristic adj. (人）有个性的，（物）特征、特色的
It is characteristic of him to remain silent at class.
A long neck is characteristic of a giraffe.
长颈鹿的特征就是头颈长。
charge v.开价，指控，充电
charge $10 for the book 书的价格10元
charge sb. with murder/doing sth…指控某人谋杀
The battery is being charged. 电池充电
n. 指控，免费，负责
bring a charge against sb.
be free of charge 免费
be in charge of 负责
commit犯罪（错），承诺，致力于
commit a crime/suicide 犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to sth./doing sth. 承诺做某事
a committed teacher一个尽责任的老师
commit sth. to one's memory 把…记做脑海里
compare比较以找出同类物体的差异（形容词 不用比较形式）
Shanghai is. large compared to/with Paris. 与巴黎 比较上海更加大。
区别：contrast对…照以表明两类（物）的不统
Her poor appearance contrasts with her strong ability.
她丑陋的外貌与强干的能力形成对照．
claim v. 认领，声称， 夺取生命
claim a watch 认领手表
claim responsibility 声称对负责
The earthquake claimed man lives. 地震夺取了许多生命
command v. 命令，指挥，博得
command sb. to do 命令某人做…
command an army 指挥军队
command one's respect 博得尊敬
command n. 指挥
in command of an army 指挥军队
have a good command of English英语掌握的好
consult v. 请教， 咨询、查阅， 商量
consult a doctor about one's illness就病咨询医生
consult a dictionary =look up a word in a dictionary 查词典
consult with sb. about sth. 就…与人商讨
convey v. 传达, 运送
convey one's feeling in words用文字表达情感
convey one's luggage from the airport to the hotel
把行李从机场运往旅馆
course n. 过程， 课程， 河道，航程，一道菜
in the course of the meeting 在会议期间
take the computer course 学电脑课程
a five-course wedding dinner he off course 在五道菜的婚宴
be off course 偏离航道
（2024上·上海青浦·高三统考期末）Keep Cool Next Summer with These 3 Devices
As we prepare for what could be another hot summer, you may already be feeling the heat. Luckily a range of unusual and clever devices are now available to help make hot summer days more bearable.
The breeze-blowing umbrella
Umbrellas serve a double function, protecting us from rain and sunlight; they also serve as a sort of personal ozone layer. The Fanbrella, which looks and feels just like a conventional umbrella, is perfect for keeping the rain at bay but boasts a delicate fan located underneath the cover, so that you can enjoy fresh cool air while you walk through the summer showers. The fan is small and quiet enough to be unnoticeable yet powerful enough to reduce humidity. Operated by a switch on the handle of the umbrella, it can be activated only when you need it most.
Air conditioned beds
Humid nights are a horrible experience for most people, causing much discomfort and making sleep impossible. Unfortunately, a conventional fan in your bedroom will do little to mitigate your suffering, as humid air is simply blown around the room. An air conditioned bed is the perfect solution! This revolutionary furniture boasts quiet fans at the foot of the bed that help to circulate cool air from the opposite end, so you’re effectively sleeping on an air conditioned bed. With low running costs, summer nights without sleep could be a thing of the past.
The iPhone fan
iPhones are known for getting pretty hot to the touch when you’re using one, but now your smartphone could be the perfect device to help keep the summer heat at bay when you’re working at your desk or on the move. The small plastic fan fits onto the top of your iPhone and plugs into your phone’s charging socket (充电插座), so you need not worry about running out of batteries. With a quiet motor, you can be confident that colleagues won’t be disturbed and, if you remember to keep your iPhone charged, you can take the fan anywhere, from a sweaty train ride home to a walk in the local park with family.
With a range of inventive accessories to help make hot days more bearable, all we need now is a summer!
1．What makes a breeze-blowing umbrella superior to a conventional umbrella
A．It creates a personal ozone layer to avoid sunlight.
B．It boasts unconventional and luxurious appearance.
C．It can be activated by voice when you need it most.
D．It has a fan to give off cool air and reduce humidity.
2．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “mitigate”
A．Claim. B．Relieve. C．Intensify. D．Sustain.
3．What do we know about the iPhone fan
A．It can prevent your iPhone from temperature rise in summer heat.
B．You’d better use it outdoors to avoid noise despite the quiet motor.
C．It is portable and can function well without limitation of locations.
D．Batteries with high-capacity should be prepared to keep it charged.
（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）How to Travel to Machu Picchu
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
*For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes, Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal journey for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
*Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
*Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exercise to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
*Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an operator, entrance tickets should be included. All entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer (臭氧层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation (海拔), makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
*Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
4．Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose
A．The express Salkantay Trek. B．The Inca Trail.
C．The Apus Peru Trek. D．The Choquequrao Trek.
5．Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu
A．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.
B．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.
C．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for 4 hours.
D．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.
6．The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by .
A．strengthened B．harmed C．detected D．neutralized
（2023上·上海·高三上海市行知中学校考期中）Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries.
The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.
There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury.
Here are several ways to avoid running injury.
● Prepare your body for running by walking.
● Understand your body type and be patient.
● Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach.
● Wear the right shoes.
The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury.
7．Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in the picture
A．① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ shin splints
B．① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ Achilles tendonitis
C．① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints; ④ stress fracture
D．① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tendonitis; ④ stress fracture
8．According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance
A．Using some muscles more intensely than others.
B．Training weak muscles more often than strong ones.
C．Adapting your body to stresses slowly.
D．Giving your body little time to recover.
9．According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you had better _____.
A．turn to a coach for help B．consult a trained doctor
C．understand your body type first D．wear another pair of running shoes
（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that-it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients.3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
10．What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production
A．It helps cooks to create new dishes. B．It saves time and effort in cooking.
C．It improves the cooking conditions. D．It contributes to restaurant decorations
11．According to Paragraph 4,3D-printed food _______.
A．is more available to consumers B．can meet individual nutritional needs
C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
12．What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely
A．The printing process is complicated. B．3D food printers are too expensive.
C．Food materials have to be dry D．Some experts doubt 3D food printing
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考阶段练习）Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling(浮潜)and learning about coral reefs, it’s a week of marine adventure!
Marine Adventure Camp
June 24 - 28; Monday - Friday
July 8 - 12; Monday - Friday
July 29 - August 2; Monday - Friday
August 12 - 16; Monday - Friday
5 days / 4 nightsAges: 10 to 14 Price: $595 (not inclusive of room cost) Camp Hours
Monday: 5:45 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Tuesday: 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Wednesday: 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Thursday: 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Friday: Check out (or you may extend your stay on your own). * Please note: Programming subject to change based on weather conditions.
Package Components Dress Code
1. Amenity(便利设施)Package -- Camp Name Badge -- Mask and Snorkel(水下呼吸管) -- Messenger Bag -- Cap --Towel -- Marine Life Guide -- Water Bottle 2. Welcome Dinner 3. Lunch for 3 days (venue to be determined) 4. Behind the Scenes with our SeaKeeper Team 5. Behind the Scenes with our Marine Mammal Team 6. Fish food preparation and hand feeding 7. Ruins Snorkel 8. Stingray(魟)Snorkel 9. Blue Adventure Snorkel Trip 10. Shark Walk with Stuart Cove T-Shirts Shorts Swimsuits Water Shoes (Since most water shoes are uncomfortable for the amount of walking they do, especially when wet, they are not allowed to change into water shoes when they prepare to swim.) Sun Block
Important Notes
All attendees must be able to swim without assistance. All attendees must speak fluent English. Camp name badge must be worn daily. Attendees. MUST be at least 10 years of age.
13．You can get to know all the information about the Marine Adventure Camp EXCEPT _________.
A．camp hours B．camp price
C．things to bring D．daily schedules
14．The Marine Adventure camp is suitable for _________.
A．Tom, who has just graduated from high school
B．Jerry, who has saved up 600 dollars for summer holiday
C．Mary, a local 6 grader who likes swimming
D．Edward, who has just been employed as an aquarist
15．Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A．Attendees don’t wear water shoes when they go swimming.
B．All attendees must check out on the last day of the camp.
C．The programs are fixed and no minor changes will be made.
D．Attendees will have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.
（2023上·上海浦东新·高三统考期末）
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16．Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A．Grammarly is primarily focused on helping improve spelling and grammar in writing.
B．Thesaurus offers a large collection of word entries to enhance vocabulary.
C．The Hemingway App’s premium desktop software is available for a one-time payment of $9.99.
D．The Hemingway App assigns a distinct color to each type of grammar mistake it detects in the text.
17．If you expect to objectively assess how effectively your content will connect with your readers, you are likely to turn to______.
A．Grammarly B．Thesaurus C．Hemingway App D．all
18．Who are probably NOT the intended readers of this passage
A．Fiction writers looking for real life materials to spark their creativity.
B．Non-native English speakers wanting to improve their writing proficiency.
C．Language enthusiasts interested in exploring different web-based tools.
D．Magazine editors whose role involves reviewing and polishing manuscripts.
