-2024届高三英语作文复习专项读后续写词汇与句式讲义

类型1 5个无灵主语公式，靓化情感表达
以英语为母语的人习惯于客体思维，往往关注"什么事情发生在什么人身上"，常用"无灵主语"，即用抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间、地点等作主语，但谓语却常常用"有灵动词"表示主语的动作或行为，常带有拟人化修辞色彩。在读后续写中使用"无灵主语+有灵动词"无疑会使语言更加生动形象，有助于人物形象的塑造和故事情节的推动。
表情感的名词：
喜：joy delight happiness excitement merriment
忧：worry anxiety nervousness
悲：grief sadness sorrow
惊：surprise astonishment amazement shock
恐：fear horror terror fright panic
怒：anger annoyance rage
疑：disbelief doubt puzzle suspicion
疚：guilt shame regret
尬：embarrassment awkwardness
悯：sympathy pity
丧：frustration depression
暖：relief warmth
傲：pride
心：curiosity confidence determination
望：hope helplessness hopelessness disappointment despair
恩：appreciation gratitude
有灵动词（短语）
溢出：flow over well up
难以禁受：overwhelm
控制：take hold of seize突然控制
围绕：surround
渐渐出现：creep over
闪过：flash across spread across cross
闪烁：shine twinkle sparkle glitter with
充满：be full of be filled with
突然袭来：strike猛地意识到 sweep over wash over升腾 flood over席卷
公式1：表情感的名词+有灵动词（短语）+sb.
A(n) look/expression of +情感名词+flashed across/spread across/crossed one’s face. ……的神色从某人脸上掠过。A look of annoyance crossed her face. 恼怒的神色从她脸上掠过。
(A wave/surge/sense of+)情感名词+seized/overwhelmed/took hold of/washed over/flooded over/swept over/flowed over/came over+sb.(+like…) 某人感到（一阵）……
A strong wave of fear sweeping over him, Mike couldn’t utter a single word. 一阵强烈的恐惧传遍他的全身，迈克一个字也说不出来。
情感名词 + welled up inside/in/within sb. .……在某人内心越发强烈。
Anger welled up within him.他怒不可遏。
A ( slight) feeling of +情感名词+crept over sb.某人渐渐产生(一丝)....
A slight feeling of suspicion crept over me.我渐渐地产生了一丝疑虑。
(表高兴、激动的)情感名词+was shining/twinkling/sparkling in one's eyes.某人眼里闪着……的光芒
Excitement was shining in her eyes.( = Her eyes were shining with excitement.)她兴奋得两眼发光。
情感名词(Fear/Terror/Panic/Surprise/Shock/Embarrassment 等) rooted sb. to the spot.某人吓呆/惊呆/尴尬得呆住。
Embarrassment rooted her to the spot.她尴尬得呆住了。
公式2：情感名词A gave way to/was swept away by/was replaced by/...
情感名词B (.......变为……/……为……所取代。)
Her previous calm gave way to/was swept away by terror.她先前的秦然自若已变为惊恐。
His initial excitement was replaced by a deep sense of disappointment.他最初的兴奋被深深的失望所取代。
The joy she once felt was overshadowed by a wave of sadness.她曾经感受到的喜悦被一股悲伤的浪潮所掩盖。
公式3：One's heart pounded/ thumped/raced with
情感名词(excitement/nervousness/fear/terror/horror )等. (某人激动/紧张/害怕得心怦怦跳。)
Her heart was racing with anticipation as she waited for the results.她心怀期待,心脏怦怦直跳,等待着结果。
His heart was pounding with nervousness before he stepped onto the stage.在登上舞台之前,他紧张得心脏怦怦直跳。
公式4：The sight/thought of sth.+ made sb.+情感形容词/filled sb. with+情感名词. (看到/想到某事物让某人.……)
情感形容词: happy/joyful快乐 excited兴奋 bored无聊 upset心烦 angry愤怒
terrified恐惧 shy 害羞 lonely 孤独 sad悲伤 jealous嫉妒 shocked震惊
frightened害怕 astonished/ surprised 惊讶 anxious焦虑
The sight of her son graduating filled her with pride.看到儿子毕业她充满了自豪。
The very sight of the bear made him nervous.一见到那头熊,他就紧张。
The thought of the moments shared with Grandpa filled me with great joy.一想到和爷爷度过的时光,我就感到十分快乐。
The sight of its owner made the little dog excited. 看到自己的主人,小狗兴奋起来。
[变式]At the sight/thought of sth. , sb. did sth. :
①At the sight of the little dog, Poppy jumped with joy. Poppy一看到这只小狗就高兴地跳起来。
②At the sight of the breakfast on a tray, her eyes widened.一看到托盘上的早餐，她就睁大了眼睛。
公式5: An idea + occurred to/struck/hit sb...(某人突然想到.)
同类拓展:①An idea flashed through one's mind/crossed one's mind.(一个想法闪过某人的脑海。)
②It occurred to sb. that.../It hit sb. that...(某人突然想到…)
③It gradually dawned on me that... ; All of a sudden , I came to realize/understand that...(我逐渐/突然意识到.....)
④Sth. reminds sb. of...(某事物让某人想起……)
At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great bright light.在这个黑暗、绝望的时刻，他突然有了一个绝妙的主意,这使他心中充满光明。
An idea suddenly struck the twins that they could ask their dad for help. 双胞胎突然想到一个主意: 他们可以请爸爸帮忙。
[拓展]表示遗忘:①The paperwork slipped my mind/memory.我忘记文书工作了。
②He was one friend of my father, whose name escaped me for the moment.他是我父亲的一个朋友，我一时想不起他的名字。
类型2 4个动作描写公式，优化动作表达
公式1 三连动作链: Sb. + did A , did B and did C.
She woke up, slipped out of bed and tiptoed to the door.她醒了,溜下床,踮着脚走到门口。
John pressed his finger against his lips, pointed to the cat, and shook his head gently. 约翰把手指放在嘴唇上,指着猫咪,轻轻摇了摇头。
He lost his balance, staggered back against the rail and fell over. 他失去了平衡,往后趔趄撞在栏杆上摔倒了。
Ben also ran in my direction , gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back.本也朝我这个方向跑过来,把我拥入怀中,不停地轻拍我的后背。
公式2 主语+did,非谓语动词A, and非谓语动词B/主语+did A and did B,非谓语动词.
They ran in bare feet, laughing and teasing.他们光着脚跑着,笑着闹着。
Using its head, it touched our hands, seemingly saying that we were to be thanked.它用头碰了碰我们的手,好像在说,它要感谢我们。
He laid his fishing pole down and dragged his feet, moving toward me at a snail's pace.他放下钓鱼竿,像蜗牛一样磨磨蹭蹭地向我走来。
公式3 主语 + did，with +名词+非谓语动词/形/副/介词短语.
When Karina saw it, she hugged it tightly with tears filling her eyes. 当Karina看到它时,她紧紧地拥抱着它,双眸满是泪水。
We all pretty much slept with one eye open.我们几乎都不敢睡太熟。
He leaned against the kitchen counter with his arms folded across his chest , glaring at me.他靠在厨房的操作台上,双臂交叉在胸前,怒视着我。
公式4 主语 +did，独立主格[逻辑主语(heart, eyes等表身体部位的名词)+非谓语动词/形/副/介词短语].
Reaching out, I touched its head , my heart racing. 我心跳加速,伸手去摸它的头。
He tossed from side to side, his head hot to touch. 他辗转反侧,头摸着烫手。
He raced to the bus stop, his heart pounding violently. 他飞快地跑到公共汽车站,心怦怦猛跳。
My arms aching and knees trembling, I crawled out of the cave and shouted for help.手臂疼痛、膝盖发抖,我爬出了洞,大喊救命。
Eyes glued to it, he fell in love with the shiny red car the instant he saw it.他一看到那辆闪亮的红汽车就爱上了它,目不转睛地盯着它。
So many eyes looking at her, Mary felt very shy.这么多双眼睛望着她,Mary感到很害羞。
类型3 3个修辞公式，描绘生动形象
无论是在汉语还是在英语中,修辞都是一门有独特魅力的艺术。 在读后续写中,恰当地运用修辞手法可以使平淡的语言变得鲜活、生动,增强文章的表现力,也有助于考生获得高分。
公式1 比喻式: be +as +形容词 +as[ +a(n) ]...
形容人：be as pleased/delighted/cheerful/joyful as a flying bird高兴得像一只飞翔的小鸟
be as angry/mad/furious as a raging storm 愤怒得像狂风暴雨
be as worried as an ant on a hot pan 急得像热锅上的蚂蚁
be as busy as a bee忙得团团转
形容事物：be as easy as a piece of cake轻而易举
be as dazzling/shining as diamonds像钻石般闪耀
be as gentle as a breeze像微风一样温柔
be as bright as daylight如日光般明亮
Her face turned as pale as snow.她的脸变得苍白如雪。
The teacher's comfort was as gentle as a spring breeze.老师的劝慰如春风般温柔。
Having walked in the snow for two hours, I felt my hands were as cold as ice.在雪地里走了两个小时,我感到我的手冷得像冰。
公式2 比喻式: 特定动词短语+表情绪的名词, sb. did sth. like ...
特定动词短语有: Filled with充满 Falling into陷入 Drowned in沉浸在 Seized by被..侵袭
Overwhelmed with/by充溢着
Overwhelmed by sorrow, Mary cried like a baby.悲痛不已,玛丽像个婴儿一样哭泣。
Seized by curiosity,Tom went out of the room on tiptoe like a cat.汤姆好奇心顿起,像猫一样踮着脚走出房间。
公式3 比喻式:表情绪的名词+特定动词短语 +sb. like ...
特定动词短语有: wash over 袭来 take hold of控制 sweep over突然袭来
Happiness washed over him like warm sunshine/like a beam of warm sunlight/like a warm sunbeam.幸福像暖阳洒在他身上。
Fear swept over him like cold , dark sea water.恐惧像冰冷、黑暗的海水淹没了他。
【拓展]①The smile on her face shone like a diamond. 她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪耀。
②The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife.寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的刀子一样割着我的脸。
类型4 善用对话公式，推动情节发展
对话在续写中较为常见，对话可以促进情节的发展，但不能代替故事情节，因此考生要注意控制对话的比重，且对话内容应符合人物的性格特点、紧扣原文主题和中心，不要脱离文章主线，要吻合原文文的呈现形式。优化对话，常用的有以下两种方式。
方式一：对话标签多样化，避免重复使用”said”
常见可用于表达”说”的词有:
nod点头 repeat重说 scream尖叫 whisper耳语 yell大喊 warn警告 sigh叹息
shout大声说 howl高声嚷 mumble嘟哝 murmur低语 sniff嗤之以鼻地说
stammer结结巴巴地说 continue继续说 emphasize强调 conclude推断出 swear郑重承诺persuade劝说 praise赞扬 promise承诺 apologize 道歉 beg乞求 reply回复
add补充说 demand强烈要求 declare宣称 announce宣称 complain抱怨 scold责骂protest申辩 admit承认 ensure保证 guarantee保证 comfort安慰 exclaim惊叫
threaten威胁 tease取笑 joke开玩笑 recall回忆道
方式二：为对话标签增加细节，丰富情感表达
万能公式:
对话+sb. +说+voice(声音)/facial expression(表情)/body language(语言)/thought(想法).
voice: 副词firmly, forcefully
介词短语 in a/an+形容词+tone/voice； in a tone of+情绪名词
facial expression: 定语从句who looked as if he was about to cry
介词短语with a/an +形容词 +look/expression
独立主格结构his eyes narrowing in anger
body language: with复合结构 with his arms folded
非谓语动词leaning forward, turning his head
状语从句as sb. was doing sth.
thought: 非谓语动词hoping/believing/considering that...
"I hate them," Linda screamed angrily, clenching her fists."我恨他们,"琳达握紧拳头,愤怒地尖叫。
" Awful," the young man answered in a trembling voice."太可怕了,"这个年轻人用颤抖的声音回答道。
" We can't get out," sighed Simon, dragged into the depth of despair."我们出不去了，"西蒙叹了口气,被拖进了绝望的深渊。
" Well, let me think," said the farmer, as he was wiping the sweat of the back of his neck."好吧，让我想想,"农夫一边擦着脖子后面的汗,一边说。
"Mom, I don't want to be out there, " Meimei whispered, hoping that her mother would not let her face the awkward situation."妈妈,我不想出去,"梅梅低声说,希望她妈妈不要让她面对这种尴尬的局面。
类型5 11个续写吸睛结尾公式，深化主题
公式1 呼应首段式:
衔接语+主人公+gradually/eventually/suddenly realized/felt/learned/
couldn't help but think that +衔接原文首段伏笔.….(……,主人公渐渐/终于/突然意识到/感觉到/明白/不禁想……)衔接语小结: following that , eventually, at the sight of ... , through/despite +名词,by doing ...., as引导的时间状语从句
After this event, he came to realize that while he had given the dog a home, it had given him something bigger----a second life. 这件事发生后,他开始意识到,虽然他给了那只狗一个家,但它给了他更重要的东西----第二次生命。
As they set out on the journey, the children had no idea what lay ahead, but they knew it would be a grand adventure. 孩子们踏上旅途时,不知道前方将会有什么,但知道这将是一次大冒险。
By showing kindness to others, the young boy gradually learned that he could make a positive impact on the world surrounding him. 通过对他人友善,年轻男孩逐渐明白他可以对周围的世界产生积极的影响。
公式2 呼应首段式:
衔接语, it struck/hit/occurred to/dawned on +主人公 +that +呼应原文首段... (……,主人公突然想到/逐渐明白……)
注意: "衔接语"承接前文,"呼应原文首段..."点明文章主题。这个表达方式前后呼应,结构完整,使文章浑然一体。
Following that, it gradually dawned on me that the love of mother is priceless, which nothing can match. 在那之后,我逐渐明白了母亲的爱是无价的,没有什么能与之相比。
At the sight of my parents' working hard on the farm , it occurred to me that it was their selfless devotion that gave me a happy life.看到父母在农场辛勤工作,我突然醒悟,正是他们的无私奉献给了我幸福的生活。
公式3 结尾点题式:
(Whenever) Looking back on/Thinking of + the experience/the journey等名词，主人公+always/still... [(无论何时)回首/想到……,主人公总是/仍然.....]
注意: 时间状语从句(省略形式)/非谓语动词承接前文所述故事,主干部分用来点明主题。这种结尾使主旨表达清晰而凝练。
Looking back on our adventurous journey, we realized that it was all worth it in the end. 回首充满惊险之旅,我们觉得最终这一切都值得。
Whenever thinking of that heart-warming scene, Jenna couldn't help getting deeply moved by the selfless love and care of her neighbors. 每当詹娜想起那暖心的场景,她都会情不自禁地被邻居无私的关爱深深打动。
And now, when looking back upon that experience, Edun still feels that it was that experience that transformed her into a nature-loving being. 现在,当回顾那段经历时,艾顿仍然觉得正是那段经历把她变成了一个热爱自然的人。
公式4 结尾点题式:
衔接语,(形容词+)无灵主语+sounded/echoed/rang( + in one's ear/head/mind/...) (…………在耳边/脑中/……回响。)
Since then, my father's plain and encouraging words have always echoed in my mind, guiding the way of my life. 从那时起,父亲那些平淡而鼓励的话就一直在我的脑海中回响,指引着我的人生道路。
Though many years had worn on, his warning was still ringing in my ear. 虽然许多年过去了，他的警告仍然在我耳边回响。
公式5 结尾点题式:
(衔接语+)(形容词+)无灵主语+有灵动词+主人公+that...
注意:常见的可用于该公式中的有灵动词有enlighten,remind, hit home to 等。
The whole experience reminded me that teamwork was key to our success in the project. 这整个经历提示我，团队合作是我们成功地完成这个项目的关键。
The special experience enlightened me that company is the most important for the elderly. 这次特别的经历使我明白陪伴对老年人来说是最重要的。
Such a warm scene reminded me that the language barrier can never be a problem between kind and friendly people. 如此温馨的场景提醒我,语言障碍永远不会是善良友好的人们之间的难题。
公式6 主题升华式:
衔接句 +Just as the saying goes,+名言/谚语.
Through the experience, we learned that helping others in need makes our day as well. Just as the saying goes. " Roses given,fragrance in hand." 通过这次经历,我们认识到帮助有需要的人也会计我们很快乐。正如俗话所说:"赠人玫瑰,手留余香。”
公式7 主题升华式:
Just then, a(n) old/famous saying/sb.'s words flashed through/echoed in one's mind," 名言/谚语." (就在那时,一句老话/名言/某人的话"……"闪过某人的脑海/在某人脑海中回响。)
Just then, a famous saying flashed through his mind, " Keep your face always towards the sunshine, and shadows will fall behind you." 就在那时,他想到一句名言:"始终面向阳光,阴影自然落在你身后。”
速记名言/谚语金句
第一组 个人成长型
1. The journey to success is not smooth. It is full of challenges and difficulties. 通往成功的道路不会平坦,那里充满挑战和困难。[努力奋斗类]
2.If you get disheartened or discouraged by these difficulties, you cannot attain success. 如果你因为这些困难而灰心丧气,你就不会获得成功。[努力奋斗类]
3. Determination and optimism are what it takes to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal.战胜恐惧和实现目标需要决心和乐观。[战胜自我类]
4. At that time, the old saying " If at first you don't succeed, try, try again" echoed in my mind. 在那个时候,那句老话"如果你开始时没有成功,尝试,再尝试"在我的脑海里回荡。[励志感悟类]
5. Seize the day, and chase your dreams. As long as you grasp every opportunity and take full advantage of it, you will stand a chance of realizing your dreams. 珍惜每一天,追寻你的梦想。只要你抓住每一个机会,充分利用机会,你就有机会实现梦想。[追逐梦想类]
6. Just as the saying goes, " One person can go far , but a group of people can travel farther. " 正如俗话所说,"一个人可以走得很远,但一群人可以走得更远。"[团队合作类]
第二组 助人为乐型
1.Roses given , fragrance in hand. 赠人玫瑰,手留余香。
2. Small kindness can bring rich reward. 小小的善意可以带来丰厚的回报。
3. Small acts of kindness can bring/contribute to/give rise to a big difference. 小善举能带来大不同。
4. The miracle is this: the more we share ,the more we have. 这就是奇迹:我们与人分享的越多,我们拥有的就越多。
5. If you light a lamp for somebody , it will also brighten your path. 为别人点亮一盏灯,它也会照亮你的路。
6.A small act of kindness will perhaps melt/cure one's loneliness.一个小小的善意行为可能会融化/治愈一个人内心的孤单。
第三组 家庭亲情型
1. Motherly love is the greatest force in the world. 母爱是世间最伟大的力量。
2. Father's love is as deep and broad as the sea. 父爱如大海般深沉而宽广。
3. Family and friends are hidden treasures. 家人和朋友是隐藏的珍宝。
4. Family, a wonderful shelter and a 24-hour harbor , is always there for us. 家是一个非常好的庇护所,是一个24小时的港湾,家永远在那儿等着我们。
5. Family is to us what harbor is to ships. 家庭之于我们就像港口之于船只。
6. Family is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life. 家庭是波涛汹涌的生命海洋中的救生衣。
公式8 人生感悟式:
Not until then did +主人公+realize/learn what true +主旨名词+ was:感悟到的道理.
主人公的有关"个人成长、亲情、友情、梦想"等的心理感受或感慨可以用倒装句或强调句表达出来。
Not until then did I realize what true friendship was; A friend in need is a friend indeed. 直到那时我才意识到什么是真正的友谊: 患难见真情。
Not until then did I come to understand what my teacher meant by saying "You're unique in the world." 直到那时,我才明白我的老师说的"你是世界上独一无二的"是什么意思。
公式9 人生感悟式:
It is/was +主旨名词+ that ... ( ,which sb. felt deep in one's heart/mind. )
It is love and care that make the world go around, which he felt deep in his heart. 正是爱和关心让世界转动,他在心里深深感受到了这一点。
It was the cross-country adventure that was the start to a lasting friendship between him and me.正是越野冒险开始了我和他之间持久的友谊。
提分干货 人生感悟小结
1. It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light. 越是在最黑暗的时刻，我们越要集中精神寻找光明。
2. One small positive thought can change your whole day/life.一个积极的小想法可以改变你的一整天/整个人生。
3. Fear never builds the future, but hope does. 恐惧不能创造未来,但希望可以。
4. It's not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters. 在你身上发生了什么并不重要,重要的是你如何应对它。
5. Happiness depends on your mindset and attitude.幸 福取决于你的思维模式和态度。
公式10 寓情于景式:
With +the +adj. + sunlight/wind/air/snow..., sb./sth. did...
尾句描写情与景,构建情与景和谐的场景,公式中的景物应与原文中的景物或天气情况衔接。
With the warm sunlight flooding in, they hugged together, feeling forgiven , loved and trusted.温暖的阳光照进来,他们拥抱在一起,感到被原谅、被爱和被信任。
After a whole day of volunteering service in the nursing home, we headed for our home, with the setting sun shining upon our happy faces appreciatively. 在养老院志愿服务一整天后,我们动身回家,落日赞赏地把余辉照耀在我们愉快的脸上。
公式11 寓情于景式:
Despite/In spite of the + adj.+ wind/rain/storm/air/... , sb. /sth. did sth.
Despite the bone-chilling wind,I felt a wave of warmth and pride as I had got the love and respect of my classmates. 尽管寒风刺骨,我还是感到一阵温暖和自豪,因为我得到了同学们的爱和尊重。