2024届高考英语一轮复习语法专题一：冠词课件(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
冠 词
高考专题
冠词
1. 不定冠词a/an
　　a用于以辅音音素（而不是辅音字母）开头的单词前；an用于以元音音素（而不是元音字母）开头的单词前。
1. 不定冠词a/an
（1）常见用法
用法 示例
用于第一次出现的单数可数名词前,泛指某人或某物 Life is like an ocean; only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.
生活就像一片海洋,只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。
He met an old lady on his way to the office.
他在上班路上遇到了一位老妇人。
泛指一类人或一类事物 A brave man smiles in the face of adversity.勇敢者微笑面对逆境。
An optimist sees an opportunity in every difficulty.
乐观者于困难中看到机会。
1. 不定冠词a/an
（1）常见用法
用法 示例
表示数量“一”,相当于one,但数的概念没有one强烈 She is a friend of my father's.她是我父亲的一个朋友。
This piece of meat weighs a pound.这块肉重一磅。
表示“相同的”, 相当于the same We are of an age.我们同岁。
Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。
用于表示时间、速度、价格等的单位名词前，表示“每一”,相当于per或each In order to shape myself, I attend a yoga class twice a week.
为了塑形,我每周上两次瑜伽课。
He drove at 100 kilometers an hour.他以每小时100公里的速度行驶。
The car does about forty miles a gallon.这部车每加仑汽油跑40英里左右。
1. 不定冠词a/an
（1）常见用法
用法 示例
用于某些专有名词前,表示 “某一个,类似……的一个”,相当于a certain或one like A Mr. Thomson wanted to see you.一位叫汤姆森的先生要见你。
Little Tom is an Edison. He likes to invent things.
小汤姆真像个爱迪生,喜欢发明东西。
用在某些由动词转化而来的名词(education、knowledge、 understanding等)+of短语前 Candidates must have a good knowledge of chemistry.参选者必须精通化学。
Most of the students have a sound understanding of English grammar.
大多数学生对英语语法有很好的理解。
用于某些物质名词前,表示 “一次/一种/一场”等 (coffee、food、tea、drink、 fruit、rain、snow、fog等) Longjing is a famous tea in China.
龙井是一种中国名茶。
It was bitterly cold and a heavy snow was falling.
天气特别冷,大雪纷飞。
用法 示例
用于某些表示特性、状态、情感、情绪等的抽象名词前,表示具体化(beauty、danger、 failure、pity、pleasure、 success、surprise等) Smoking is a serious danger to health.吸烟严重危害健康。
Music is really a great pleasure.音乐的确是一种令人非常愉快的东西。
As a teacher, Monica is a success.作为教师,莫妮卡是个成功者。
用在形容词最高级前,表示 “很,非常” Thank you for a most interesting evening.
谢谢你让我度过了一个非常有意思的夜晚。
用在序数词前,表示“又一, 再一” She failed in the experiment seven times, but wanted to try an eighth time.她的实验失败了七次,但她想再试第八次。
用于某些结构 It was too cold a day to work outdoors.天太冷,在户外干不了活。
How astonishing a sight it is!多么令人惊讶的景象啊!
It's such a beautiful day!天气多么好哇!
I've told him many a time not to say it.我多次告诫他不要说那件事。
1. 不定冠词a/an
（1）常见用法
(2)含不定冠词的常考短语
表示数量 a couple of两个;几个　 a good many许多 a great deal of 大量的
a pair of一双 a handful of 一把 a piece of一张
表示长度、时间等 all of a sudden突然　 at a glance立即,一眼　 for a long time长期 for a time一阵子　　 for a while暂时,一会儿 half an hour半小时 in a hurry匆忙　　 in a moment立即　　once upon a time从前 once in a while偶尔　　one at a time一次一个
用于“have/take+a+抽象名词”结构 have/take a look看 have a talk谈话 have/take a walk散步
其他 as a matter of fact事实上 as a result结果　 as a whole总的来说 at a loss不知所措,困惑　　do sb. a favor帮某人忙　get a word in插嘴 have a cold感冒　　 in a word总而言之　　
keep a diary写日记 keep an eye on照看,留神 make a call 打电话 make a choice做出选择 make a difference起作用　 make a face做鬼脸
make a living谋生 make a plan制订计划;想办法 make an apology道歉　　make an effort努力 on a diet节食　　 pay a visit 拜访　　 tell a lie说谎
1. 不定冠词a/an
2.定冠词the
(1)常见用法
用法 示例
特指上文提到的人或事物或上文虽未提及但说话双方都知道的人或事物 Yesterday an 8-year-old boy fell into the river. The boy was saved by a policeman. 昨天,一个八岁的男孩掉进了河里。那个男孩被一名警察救了。
The birds are chirping all around.四周鸟儿们在叽叽喳喳地叫。
用于独一无二的事物或表示发明创造的名词前(其前有修饰词时,常用不定冠词表类指或不同状貌) As the sun went down, there was a bar of red over the western hills.
日落时西山上有一条红晕。
Edison invented the electric light.爱迪生发明了电灯。
It was a glorious spring night, with a great full moon gleaming in a purple sky.
那是春日的一个美好夜晚,圆圆的大月亮照耀在紫色的天空中。
用法 示例
用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前,表示一类人或事物 The compass was invented in China. 指南针是在中国发明的。
The old is always opposite to the new.旧的东西总是同新的东西对立。
Heal the wounded and rescue the dying.救死扶伤。
用于姓氏复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇俩 The Greens are watching TV now.
格林一家现在正在看电视。
用于表示西方乐器的名词前 The boy can play the piano very well.这个小男孩钢琴弹得很好。
用于序数词、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级及有 only、same、next、last等修饰的名词前 He was the first man to speak against slavery.
他是第一个发言反对奴隶制的人。
The darkest cloud has a silver lining.最黑暗中有也一线光明。
This is the only path through the forest.这是穿过森林的唯一小路。
2.定冠词the
(1)常见用法
用法 示例
用于表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛以及由普通名词构成的表示组织机构、学校、建筑、团体、报纸、杂志等的专有名词前 the Yangtze River长江　　　　　　 the Atlantic Ocean大西洋
the English Channel英吉利海峡　　 the South Pole南极
the Golden Gate Bridge金门大桥　　 the British Museum大英博物馆
The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》
the World Health Organization世界卫生组织
用于年代、朝代以及逢十的数词复数形式前 in the 1870s在19世纪70年代　　　　　in his fifties在他50多岁时
the Tang Dynasty唐朝　　 the Stone Age石器时代
2.定冠词the
(1)常见用法
用法 示例
用于“by+the+计量单位”结构 Part-time jobs are usually paid by the hour.兼职工作通常按小时付工资。
Eggs are usually sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋通常是按打出售的。
用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名词”结构(此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the) take sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂　　pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩
lead sb. by the hand牵着某人的手　　 strike sb. in the face打某人的脸
hit sb. on the head击中某人的头　　 pull sb. by the hand拉某人的手
2.定冠词the
(1)常见用法
(2)含定冠词的常考短语
all over the world全世界　　　　　all the best一切顺利　　　　 all the same完全一样;尽管如此
around the corner即将发生　　 at the sight of一看见　　 at the beginning of在……开始时
at the moment此刻　　 at the same time同时　　 be red in the face脸红
by the way顺便说一下　　 do the trick奏效,起作用　　 for the time being暂时
go to the doctor去看病　　 in the end最后　　 in the distance在远处
in the habit of doing sth.有做某事的习惯　　 in the long run从长远来看
in the morning在早晨　　 in the past在过去　　 in the way妨碍,挡道
make the best of充分利用　　 on the air正在播送　　 on the contrary相反
on the decrease在减少中　　 on the other hand另一方面　 on the right在右边
on the whole总之　　 the other day (不久前的)那天 to the point切题
under the leadership of...在……的领导下
2.定冠词the
3.零冠词
(1)常见用法
用法 示例
用于表示泛指的不可数名词、复数名词以及不含普通名词的专有名词前 Misfortunes never come singly.祸不单行。
Truth fears lies no more than gold fears rust.
真理不怕谎言,正如黄金不怕锈斑。
用于表示星期、月份、季节和节日等的名词前(带有festival的节日名称前要用定冠词;具体化时常加定冠词) School begins in September.学校9月份开学。
On Valentine's Day, people show their love to people they love.
人们在情人节向他们所爱的人表达爱意。
用法 示例
用于表示语言、学科、三餐、球类、棋类等的名词前(前有形容词修饰或具体化时可加冠词) I'm going to take up chemistry this semester. 本学期我打算学化学。
They were having breakfast when I arrived. 我到达时他们正在吃早饭。
Football is very popular in North America. 橄榄球在北美很流行。
当名词前已有this、that、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,使用零冠词 I would like to buy this book about cars.我想买这本关于汽车的书籍。
Bill's camera is just like mine. So please don't take his by mistake.
比尔的相机正好和我的一样,所以请不要错拿了他的。
3.零冠词
(1)常见用法
用法 示例
表示独一无二的职位、头衔、身份和称呼的名词在句中作表语、同位语或补语时,使用零冠词 A jack of all trades is master of none.博艺之人,杂而不精。
They appointed him chairman of the council.他们任命他为委员会主席。
John, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.
组长约翰将为这次旅行制订全程计划。
as、though引导让步状语从句倒装,作表语的名词置于句首时,使用零冠词 Old man as he was, he never stopped writing.他虽已年迈,仍笔耕不辍。
Small room though it is, it is very comfortable.房间虽小,但很舒适。
系动词turn和go(变成)后、作表语的名词前,使用零冠词(若有形容词修饰,则需要加冠词) Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.
鲁迅在成为作家前是一名医生。
He turned a good fellow.他变好了。
3.零冠词
(1)常见用法
(2)使用零冠词的常考短语
①成对使用的名词短语
body and soul全身心地　　　　　　bread and butter主要收入来源　　　 day and night日日夜夜
husband and wife夫妻　　 knife and fork刀叉　　 young and old老少
day by day一天天　　 arm in arm臂挽臂　　 hand in hand手牵手
back to back背靠背　　 face to face面对面　　 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
from time to time不时地　　 from side to side从一边到另一边　　 from east to west从东到西
from morning till night从早到晚　　from beginning to end从头到尾,自始至终
3.零冠词
(2)使用零冠词的常考短语
②其他
catch fire着火　　　　　　　　　　catch hold of抓住　　　　　　　　　catch sight of看见
come to power执政　　 come back to life苏醒　　 do good to对……有好处
do harm to对……有害处　　 give birth to生(孩子)　　 give rise to导致
learn...by heart记住　　 lose weight减肥　　 make sense有意义
pay attention to注意　　 take care of照料　　 take pride in以……为骄傲
keep in touch with与……保持联系　 put...in practice把……付诸实践
3.零冠词
4.有无冠词意义不同的情况
　　　
　

1. It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and 　　　　 need to protect it.(外研XB1U6)
2. I wondered if the first day of school was always such 　　　　 circus.(译林XB4U4)
3. Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for 　　　　 blind in Boston.
(北师大XB2U5)
4. We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much,yet they
will probably have 　　　　 effect on us the next time we go shopping.(译林XB2U1)
5. CGI(Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on the film indus-
try. It allowed the previously unfilmable to become 　　　　 reality.(北师大XB2U6)
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