【名师导航】2024年中考英语语法总复习专题精讲精练—被动语态（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第4讲 被动语态
【复习目标】
1. 被动语态的句型；
2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；
3. 被动语态的用法；
4. 主动语态变被动语态；
5. 主动形式表示被动意义。
【考情分析】
语态问题是中考高频考点，考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答此类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。常以单项选择、语法选择、语法填空、词语运用等考查。
近几年考查时态的题型命题规律
【网络构建】
考向一 被动语态的句型
句型 构成 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn't t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...) —Was Tom asked to come early 汤姆被要求早点来吗 —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn't . 不，他没有。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...) Why was this bridge destroyed by the government 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥
考向二 被动语态的各种时态形式
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
考向三 被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
考向四 主动语态变被动语态
说明 例句
含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
【易错警示】主动句中的感官动词和使役动词（一感二听三使四看feel, hear/listen to, make/have/let, look at/see/notice/watch, 等后跟省to的动词不定式，变为被动句时，应加上to。 We heard her sing an English song.（主动） →She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动）
含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children.→These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.→The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
小试牛刀
1.—At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances ______ (offer)to students to learn from each other.
2.The books ______ (sell)well.
3.This pair of shoes ______ (make)hand, and it ______ (feel)very comfortable.
4.If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ (make)laugh.
5.—Do you have a lot of rules at home
—Yes, I do. For example, my bedroom must______ ( clean) every day.
考向五 主动形式表示被动意义
情况 例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn't cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1．（2023·江西南昌·模拟预测）—Have you seen Full River Red
—Yes. We ________ to watch it in Chinese class last month.
A．suggested B．are suggested C．were suggested D．suggest
2．（2023·四川成都·校联考模拟预测）A large number of athletes ________ to come to Chengdu for the 31st Summer World University Games in July.
A．is expected B．are expected C．expect
3．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Please tell us one thing you are proud of in your junior high school.
—I ________ as the president of the Student Union.
A．will be chosen B．was chosen C．has chosen
4．（2023·福建三明·统考模拟预测）—Linda, shall we go to fly kites in the Central Park
—Sure, I will go with you as soon as my homework ________.
A．is finished B．will be finished C．finishes
5．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival started in 1985. It ________ once a year.
A．held B．was held C．is held
6．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）—You look so happy today!
—My suggestion to have a party ________ by my class yesterday.
A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted
7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Shawn is _______ to be one of the finest doctors of his generation（同代人）.
—He was born to study medicine and has saved many people’s lives.
A．wished B．considered C．taught D．chosen
8．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Are you going to Tom’s birthday party this Sunday
—Unless I ________.
A．am inviting B．will be invited C．am invited D．will be inviting
9．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）Too much time ________ on computer games by most teenagers every day. Their parents are worried about their health and study.
A．is wasting B．is wasted C．was wasted D．wasted
10．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）Every day, too much water . I think everyone should take action to save it.
A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted
11．（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）These books ________ in Russian. I can’t read them.
A．will be written B．is written C．are written
12．（2023·辽宁盘锦·三模）The Ministry of Education（教育部）announces that mobile phones ________ to take into school in China now because they are bad for the students.
A．haven’t allowed B．are allowed C．aren’t allowed D．allow
13．（2023·湖北十堰·统考三模）—When shall we go and play basketball
—Not until the work ________ tomorrow.
A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish
14．（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）A lot of flowers ________ in the park last year.
A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted
15．（2023·河北秦皇岛·统考三模）Nowadays, more and more actions _________ to reduce the waste of food.
A．are taken B．have taken C．take D．are taking
二、语法填空
（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）
According to a survey, Chinese college students want to do volunteer work and would like to help those in need. If they 16 whether they are willing to help elderly people who fall over in the street, most of their answers will be “yes”.
The question of what is the right thing to do when an old person 17 over in the street has been discussed for a long time. Once, a man called Peng Yu helped an old woman who fell over in Nanjing, Jiangsu province. The woman later said that she was knocked down by Peng and asked Peng 18 forty percent of her medical costs after Peng sent her to the hospital. At that time, many people 19 this event would have a bad influence. However, a report found that 91.6 percent of students who were surveyed still said that they would help an elderly person when he or she needed help.
Most of the college students would like to take part in the volunteer work. They think helping 20 is what they should do. But learning to be more professional in helping people is also very important. It’s suggested that more professional training 21 be offered. This way, more people can take part in volunteer work 22 than usual.
There 23 different kinds of volunteer work including environmental protection, community services, teaching in faraway villages, visiting the old at old people’s homes and so on. And 83.1 percent of college students actually do volunteer work every year.
Volunteer work not only plays an important role in developing young people’s skills, but also gives them a feeling of 24 . What’s more, volunteer work is of great value for the young as well as the wider society. So more people should be encouraged to take part in volunteer work 25 can make a better world. Well, what will you do to make a difference to the world
16．A．ask B．are asked C．asked D．were asked
17．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．fallen
18．A．pay B．to pay C．paying D．paid
19．A．worry B．worried C．worry about D．worried about
20．A．other B．the other C．another D．others
21．A．should B．need C．might D．may
22．A．active B．more active C．actively D．more actively
23．A．is B．are C．was D．were
24．A．satisfy B．satisfying C．satisfaction D．satisfied
25．A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
三、用所给单词适当形式填空
26．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）The champion (present) with a gold at tomorrow’s meeting.
27．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）In order to make Yongzhou City more beautiful, trees and flowers should （plant）every year.
28．（2023·内蒙古包头·包钢第三中学校考三模）Mr. White said his children were not to use mobile phones before the age of 13. (allow)
29．（2023·江苏无锡·校考二模）—Are the police going to tell the details of the case to the public
—Not until the thief (catch).
30．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）There were few trees before, and we (hit) by sandstorms seriously in spring.
31．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）The telephone (invent) by the famous inventor, Bell.
32．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）The little baby that felt sleepy (lay) on the bed after her mommy came back home.
33．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）Thousands of people (leave) homeless in the earthquake which happened in Turkey in February, 2023.
34．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）To learn English well, students should be to speak as much as possible. (encourage)
35．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）English (speak) all over the world and we’d try to learn it well.
36．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）For the first time, this year’s Oscar for Best Actress (present) to Michelle Yeoh, an Asian woman.
37．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）My washing machine (control) by my smartphone when I’m not at home.
38．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Both water and food (give) to the athletes who took part in Wuxi Marathon last month.
39．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）In HK Disneyland, visitors (allow) to get closer to cartoon characters.
40．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
真题演练
1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided
2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.
A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought
3．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race
—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A．will expect to do B．is expected doing
C．has expected doing D．was expected to do
4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit
5．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten
6．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown
7．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given
8．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.
A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced
9．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
10．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) ________ in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held D．has been held
11．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days —He won’t, unless he ________.
A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites
12．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.
A．learns B．is learned C．was learned
13．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A．plant B．are planted C．are planting
14．（2023·新疆·中考真题）The Wandering Earth II ___________ with the public since it came out.
A．has been successful B．is successful
C．was successful D．will be successful
15．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Hanfu lovers ________ walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.
A．can be found B．can find
C．must be found D．must find
参考答案
语法选择题
16．B 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．D
真题演练
1-5CBDCB 6-10DDDDD 11-15 ABBAA
动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。
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