备战2024高考英语完形填空话题信息技术 分类训练（含解析）
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备战2022高考考英语完形填空话题分类训练
(高考真题+各地模拟题)
专题27 信息技术
Passage 1
Early on Saturday morning, parents and viewers walked in a line into the gym at the Einste Academy, a school in Illinois in the US. After the coach 1 his opening speech everyone 2 for the US's national song. After the song, judges dressed in black and white shirt took up their 3 outside the playing field, ready for the games to begin.
While this sounds like the typical setting of a US sporting event, this one had a high-tech twist, was a competitive robotics 4 —a game that turns the subjects of science, technology, engineerin and mathematics into a competitive sport.
5 by coaches, teams of students in grade 7 through 12 who designed, built and programmo their own robots competed against other robotics teams in the West Suburban League North Division the FIRST Tech Challenge (FTC).
“Most students experience multiple-choice questions.” said Jonathan Weiland, who works f FIRST Tech Challenge in Illinois. “In FTC, there are hundreds of solutions to a problem and they see which solution 6 the best.”
“Founded by a not-for-profit organization, FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science ai Technology) events are modeled after traditional sports like basketball to generate 7 in robotic,” Weiland said. FIRST Tech Challenge is one of four FIRST programs.
During a FIRST Tech Challenge, Robotics teams either 8 a robotics kit(配套组件), adjusting and upgrading their design, or custom build(专门制作) a robot using 9 materials, recording the progress in engineering notebooks.
The robotics teams compete in games within a league, getting points throughout the season 10 a national and even global competitions. There are 35 teams in the West Surburban Leagn North Division and only eight will go to the state, Weiland said. Teams earn awards based on the robot’s 11 ,design and other accomplishments.
“Judges 12 pair two robotics teams to form a group that competes against two other teams. With multiple games played by all teams at each meet, a competitor in one game might be a 13 in the next,” Weiland said. Students are taught to help each other at all times and to 14 the other team, he said.
“One of the best things you can do with your 15 is to share something with someone else,” student said. “It's fun being on the journey with them.”
1．A．delivered B．wrote C．reviewed D．corrected
2．A．sent B．called C．applied D．rose
3．A．references B．notebooks C．positions D．responsibilities
4．A．meet B．example C．design D．creation
5．A．Blamed B．Guided C．Warned D．Praised
6．A．switches B．responds C．appears D．works
7．A．disappointment B．violence C．excitement D．power
8．A．purchase B．damage C．throw D．store
9．A．political B．industrial C．financial D．agricultural
10．A．bring up B．turn in C．stick to D．qualify for
11．A．model B．material C．performance D．location
12．A．hopefully B．randomly C．skillfully D．actively
13．A．coach B．judge C．roommate D．teammate
14．A．discourage B．beat C．greet D．join
15．A．intelligence B．right C．life D．hobby
Passage 2
Virtual (虚拟的) reality is the latest and hottest type of computer game available. Players love it because it’s the first game that lets them feel as though they are 16 inside the game, taking part in the action around them.
Through the magic of virtual reality, you can become a boxer or 17 into a robot by simply putting on a (n) 18 and slapping up to the controls. The key to the “reality” you feel is the helmet. It 19 your eyes and ears, blocking off your normal vision and 20 . Turn on a switch and you’re 21 by the sights and sounds of the game world.
In the boxing game, you hear cheering crowds and loud voice of an announcer 22 out instructions. Then you 23 yourself stand in a boxing ring, face to face with a strong and 24 opponent. The bell rings for the first round and you begin fighting.
Virtual reality games are the most complex interactive games, which involve the most advanced game technology ever 25 .
It is important to understand the difference between interactive and passive 26 . Watching television is 27 , because you don’t have to do anything accept 28 your eyes open. 29 computer games are interactive because what you do 30 how the game turns out: if you don’t find the right secret tunnels, you can’t escape the dangerous castle, and unless you 31 the traps along the way, you die and the game is over.
The 32 of virtual reality are far from finished. They dream of one day coming up with a game world that players won’t be able to 33 apart from the real thing. It will 34 people to feel, and even taste and smell the environment they have 35 According to the game developers. It’s only a matter of time.
16．A．casually B．actually C．luckily D．simply
17．A．turn B．come C．burst D．look
18．A．mask B．bat C．earphone D．helmet
19．A．opens B．attracts C．cheats D．covers
20．A．smell B．sight C．hearing D．feeling
21．A．threatened B．surrounded C．followed D．delegated
22．A．working B．making C．figuring D．calling
23．A．find B．stop C．admit D．enjoy
24．A．handsome B．gentle C．intelligent D．tough
25．A．transformed B．invented C．developed D．conducted
26．A．games B．programs C．entertainments D．campaigns
27．A．passive B．interesting C．active D．simple
28．A．keep B．force C．declare D．fix
29．A．In conclusion B．In general C．In contrast D．In practice
30．A．improves B．influences C．limits D．helps
31．A．set B．avoid C．remove D．change
32．A．players B．creators C．participants D．advocates
33．A．take B．tear C．fall D．tell
34．A．allow B．prefer C．recommend D．inspire
35．A．adapted to B．searched for C．stepped into D．missed out
Passage 3
Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s 36 . “Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women 37 , we think of them as ladies too. In Old Norse (古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”. We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold female turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally silly answers to our requests.
If we prize gender diversity (多样性) in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so 38 The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female 39 ,” says Karl MacDorman, a professor at Indiana University who specializes in human computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they 40 . The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. 41 , women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.
Why the 42 Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass wrote that people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want 43 to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to choose a female interface (接口程序).
This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a 44 group of customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to 45 a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its 46 of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assistant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher — educated and helpful but not 47 . That’s about right for a brand attempting to 48 guys ordering pies before the big game.
As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you 49 a voice interface. For example, Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character, can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to 50 . Want to know how to do it Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful and female tone.
36．A．robotic B．high-tech C．genderless D．creative
37．A．Culturally B．Obviously C．Grammatically D．Undoubtedly
38．A．female B．ridiculous C．professional D．reasonable
39．A．charm B．professors C．speech D．participants
40．A．accepted B．misunderstood C．studied D．preferred
41．A．In practice B．On the contrary C．By this means D．At first
42．A．neutrality B．prejudice C．authority D．conscience
43．A．interaction B．technology C．personality D．society
44．A．more sociable B．more talented C．broader D．wealthier
45．A．improve B．develop C．admire D．suit
46．A．market B．business C．research D．library
47．A．strange B．bossy C．reliable D．unique
48．A．appeal to B．look into C．meet with D．run after
49．A．educate B．customize C．leave D．answer
50．A．repeat B．assist C．reprogram D．communicate
Passage 4
If you’re chained to your phone and unhappy about it, you might consider receiving smartphone notifications (通知) at set 51 throughout the day rather than as they come. Researchers at Duke University and Georgetown University found that study participants who received notifications set to arrive only three times a day reported better moods, higher 52 , and greater feelings of control over their phones. In comparison with participants who received notifications as usual and another group of participants who received no notifications at all, study participants also 53 their phones less often.
In total, 237 smartphone owners living in India participated in the study. Participants downloaded an Android app developed by the researchers that regulated the 54 of phone notifications. Respondents also were asked to report in a daily diary 55 measures including: “concentration, distraction, stress, anxiety, mood, productivity, social connectedness, and work enjoyment -- as well as phone-specific 56 : feeling of being interrupted by notifications, sense of missing out on notifications, sense of control over phone, social pressure to 57 others, phone overuse, and intentional phone checking.” Participants were informed that they could always 58 their notifications by opening individual apps. And the authors give their further explanation, “ 59 , we only controlled the delivery of notifications (e.g., to the lock screen), rather than preventing messages from being accessed at all.”
“Compared to those in the control condition (notifications as usual), participants whose notifications were set three-times-a-day felt more 60 , productive, in a better mood, and in greater control of their phones,” the researchers write, noting that this group also reported lower stress levels. “In contrast, participants who did not receive notifications at all 61 few of those benefits, but experienced higher levels of anxiety and ‘ 62 of missing out’ (FoMO).” They’ve released the app, called Daywise, for personal use through Google Play. But Daywise has been only 63 on the Android platform so far. “Unlike the app Android, iOS (short for Internetwork Operating System) doesn’t allow 64 party developers to control notifications to a degree we’d like for setting to work in a nuanced (细微的) manner,” DayWise creator Ranjan Jagannathan told us. “Till we’re able to do this 65 enough, we will not be able to build a powerful version of Daywise for iOS. We are working for it.”
51．A．spots B．periods C．lengths D．intervals
52．A．standard B．productivity C．pay D．expectation
53．A．exchange B．replace C．unlock D．unfold
54．A．delivery B．transfer C．assignment D．flow
55．A．strict B．distinct C．various D．dramatic
56．A．information B．outcomes C．atmosphere D．motivations
57．A．approve of B．compete with C．make out D．respond to
58．A．operate B．access C．unload D．maintain
59．A．Above all B．In addition C．In other words D．On the other hand
60．A．attentive B．respectful C．distracted D．considerate
61．A．seized B．harvested C．offered D．weighed
62．A．sense B．delight C．intention D．fear
63．A．responsible B．reliable C．available D．reversible
64．A．leading B．related C．major D．third
65．A．flexibly B．rapidly C．formally D．automatically
Passage 5
The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of 66 (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 67 , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.
But for all the reasons there are to 68 the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active 69 —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are 70 in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous( 过 剩 的 ) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). 71 , it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but 72 to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.
Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still 73 download mode, brought about by television watching. Even after the 74 of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just 75 .
The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to 76 the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete 77 from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. This is a historic opportunity. Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture. The 78 is now in our collective grasp. It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and 79 our levels of activity—uploading.
Of course people will still download. Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume. But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a 80 opportunity that history affords us. Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production.
66．A．celebration B．conversations C．reception D．ceremonies
67．A．Without doubt B．In return C．In particular D．By contrast
68．A．liberate B．celebrate C．concern D．reject
69．A．request B．support C．defense D．creation
70．A．unique B．familiar C．efficient D．loyal
71．A．In addition B．In fact C．For instance D．By the way
72．A．striving B．comparing C．failing D．attempting
73．A．optimistic about B．unfamiliar with
C．stuck in D．ashamed of
74．A．transformation B．emergence C．encounter D．maintenance
75．A．consume B．neglect C．combine D．innovate
76．A．enhance B．quicken C．reverse D．extend
77．A．outcome B．exposure C．break D．evolution
78．A．puzzle B．cure C．regret D．favor
79．A．analyzing B．maintaining C．featuring D．increasing
80．A．wasted B．treasured C．multiplied D．revised
Passage 6
Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a “healthy” 81 might be is far from easy.
Some negative experiences on social media—like 82 how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in 83 is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.
Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s 84 comfort, including happiness, mental health and social life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more 85 effect.
The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to 86 comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. 87 , among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.
A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not 88 . An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually 89 the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater 90 of friendship or emotional problems.
So how much time should our children spend looking at screens It is difficult to be 91 as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people 92 that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not 93 trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for 94 usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very 95 predictions are possible.
81．A．amount B．comparison C．experience D．medium
82．A．accounting for B．boasting of C．commenting on D．worrying about
83．A．general B．particular C．private D．public
84．A．domestic B．material C．physical D．psychological
85．A．complex B．dramatic C．harmless D．predictable
86．A．improved B．maximum C．relative D．small
87．A．As a rule B．In contrast C．On the whole D．Worse still
88．A．convincing B．definite C．probable D．true
89．A．estimating B．experiencing C．reducing D．tracing
90．A．connection B．power C．promotion D．risk
91．A．balanced B．independent C．precise D．subjective
92．A．agree B．forget C．object D．remember
93．A．equally B．readily C．reluctantly D．weakly
94．A．emotion therapy B．social media
C．TV broadcasting D．video game
95．A．confident B．optimistic C．rough D．wild
参考答案
1．A
2．D
3．C
4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．B
15．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在教练的指导下，7年级到12年级的学生团队设计、制造和编程自己的机器人，与其他机器人团队在西部郊区联盟北区的FIRST技术挑战赛中竞争的事。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练致开幕词后，所有人都为美国国歌起立。A. delivered发表；B. wrote写；C. reviewed评论；D. corrected更正。根据空后的“his opening speech”可知，此处表示“发表开幕演讲”，为固定短语deliver a speech。故选A项。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练致开幕词后，所有人都为美国国歌起立。A. sent发送；B. called打电话；C. applied申请；D. rose起立。根据空后的“for the US's national song”和常识可知，当国歌响起时，人们都要起立。故选D项。
3．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：歌曲结束后，裁判员身着黑白衬衫在赛场外各就各位，准备开始比赛。A. references参照；B. notebooks笔记本；C. positions位置；D. responsibilities责任。根据“ready for the games to begin”和空前的“took up their”可知，裁判准备开始比赛，所以他们在场外就位，take up one’s place意为“就位”。故选C项。
4．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这听起来像是典型的美国体育赛事的背景，但这次的比赛有高科技的转折，是一场竞争性的机器人比赛——一场将科学、技术、工程和数学主题转变为竞争性运动的游戏。A. meet集会；B. example例子；C. design设计；D. creation创造。根据“a game that…”可知，这是一场有机器人参与的竞争性的游戏比赛，所以可以推断此处表达是一次机器人的集会。故选A项。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在教练的指导下，7年级到12年级的学生团队设计、制造和编程自己的机器人，与其他机器人团队在西部郊区联盟北区的FIRST技术挑战赛中竞争。A. Blamed责备；B. Guided指导；C. Warned警告；D. Praised表扬。根据“by coaches”可知，此处应该指在教练的指导下，学生团队运用机器人进行比赛竞争。故选B项。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在FTC，一个问题有数百种解决方案，他们会看哪种方案效果最好。A. switches转变；B. responds回应；C. appears出现；D. works起作用。根据“hundreds of solutions”和空后的the best可知，一个问题有很多种解决方案，此处表示他们会看看哪种方案最有效。故选D项。
7．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Weiland说：“FIRST活动是由一个非盈利组织创立的，它模仿了篮球等传统体育运动，以激发人们在机器人中的兴奋感。” A. disappointment失望；B. violence暴力；C. excitement兴奋；D. power力量。根据“a competitive robotics”和空前的generate可知，这是一场有关机器人的竞技比赛，所以可以推断，过程中会激发人们的紧张和兴奋感。故选C项。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在FIRST Tech Challenge期间，机器人团队要么购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计，要么使用工业材料定制一个机器人，在工程笔记本上记录他们的进展。A. purchase购买；B. damage损害；C. throw扔；D. store存储。分析可知，空处和下文“or custom build(专门制作)”相对，表示购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计。故选A项。
9．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在FIRST Tech Challenge期间，机器人团队要么购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计，要么使用工业材料定制一个机器人，在工程笔记本上记录他们的进展。A. political政治的；B. industrial工业的；C. financial金融的；D. agricultural农业的。根据“custom build(专门制作) a robot”和空后的materials可知，此处指要么用工业材料专门制作一个机器人。故选B项。
10．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：机器人团队在一个联赛中比赛，在整个赛季中获得积分，将有资格参加全国甚至全球的比赛。A. bring up提出；B. turn in交上；C. stick to坚持；D. qualify for有资格。空后的“a national and even global competitions”指的是更高级别的赛事，因此可推知，此处指通过整个赛季的积分获得州、国家甚至全球比赛的资格。故选D项。
11．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参赛队伍根据机器人的表现、设计和其他成就获得奖励。A. model模型；B. material材料；C. performance表现；D. location位置。根据“adjusting and upgrading their design”和空后的“design and other accomplishments”可知，这是机器人团队通过设计和操作机器人而进行的竞技比赛，所以可以推知，参赛队伍基于机器人的表现、设计和其他一些成就来获奖。故选C项。
12．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：裁判随机将两支机器人队伍组成一组，与另外两支队伍竞争。A. hopefully希望；B. randomly随机；C. skillfully巧妙地；D. actively积极地。根据“With multiple games played by all teams at each meet, a competitor in one game might be a____13____in the next”可知，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友，所以可以推断，裁判是随机给两个机器人队配对形成一组，和其他两个队比赛。故选B项。
13．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Weiland说：“在每场比赛中，所有队伍都会参加多场小的比赛，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友。” A. coach教练；B. judge裁判；C. roommate室友；D. teammate队友。根据“Judges____12____pair two robotics teams to form a group”和“With multiple games played by all teams at each meet”可知，裁判是随机给两个机器人队配对形成一组，且所有队伍都会参加多场小的比赛，所以可以推断，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友。故选D项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，学生们被教导在任何时候都要互相帮助，击败另一队。A. discourage阻止；B. beat击败；C. greet欢迎；D. join加入。根据“the other team”可知，此处和上文中的“help each other”相对，表示互相帮助，击败对手。故选B项。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个学生说：“在你的生活中，你能做的最好的事情之一就是与别人分享一些东西。” A. intelligence智力；B. right权利；C. life生活；D. hobby爱好。根据“share something with someone else”可推知，此处指生活中能做的最好事情之一是和别人分享某样东西。故选C项。
16．B
17．A
18．D
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．D
23．A
24．D
25．B
26．C
27．A
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．B
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种最新最热门的电脑游戏——虚拟现实。
16．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：玩家喜欢它，因为这是第一款让他们感觉自己仿佛置身于游戏之中，参与周围的动作的游戏。A. casually随便地；B. actually事实上，实际上；C. luckily幸运地；D. simply简单地；根据前文“Virtual (虚拟的) reality”和“the first game that lets them feel as though”可知，虚拟现实的游戏让人们感觉自己仿佛真实地置身于游戏之中。故选B项。
17．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过虚拟现实的魔力，你可以成为一名拳击手或变成一个机器人，只需戴上头盔和拍打控制。A. turn转；B. come来；C. burst爆发；D. look看。根据前文“you can become a boxer”以及后文“into a robot”可知，在虚拟现实中，你可以变成拳击手或者变成机器人。turn into“变成”和become近义，符合句意。故选A项。
18．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过虚拟现实的魔力，你可以成为一名拳击手或变成一个机器人，只需戴上头盔和拍打控制。A. mask面罩；B. bat球拍；C. earphone耳机；D. helmet头盔。根据后文“The key to the ‘reality’ you feel is the helmet.”可知，游戏者需要戴上头盔。故选D项。
19．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它会遮住你的眼睛和耳朵，阻挡你正常的视觉和听觉。A. opens打开；B. attracts吸引；C. cheats作弊；D. covers覆盖，遮盖。根据后文“blocking off your normal vision and ____5____.”可知，头盔要遮盖眼睛和耳朵。故选D项。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会遮住你的眼睛和耳朵，阻挡你正常的视觉和听觉。A. smell气味；B. sight视力；C. hearing听觉；D. feeling触觉。根据前文“It ____4____ your eyes and ears”可知，此处指“听觉”对应前文ears。故选C项。
21．
考查动词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：打开一个开关，你就会被游戏世界的景象和声音所包围。A. threatened被威胁；B. surrounded被包围；C. followed被跟随；D. delegated被代表。基于前文“It ____4____ your eyes and ears, blocking off your normal vision and ____5____.”和下一段内容以及常识可知，你现实中的视听被遮盖，在虚拟现实游戏中，打开开关，你就会被游戏世界的景象和声音所包围。故选B项。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拳击比赛中，你会听到欢呼的人群和播音员大声喊出比赛指令的声音。A. working工作；B. making制造；C. figuring计算；D. calling大声喊（叫）。根据常识以及前文“loud voice of an announcer”和后文“out instructions”可知，你可以听到播音员大声喊出比赛指令。故选D项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，你发现自己站在拳击台上，面对着一个强壮而强硬的对手。A. find发现；B. stop停止；C. admit承认；D. enjoy欣赏。基于前文的分析，根据后文“yourself stand in a boxing ring, face to face with a strong and ____9____ opponent”可知，在虚拟现实游戏中，就像真实的一样，你会发现自己站在拳击台上，面对对手。故选A项。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，你发现自己站在拳击台上，面对着一个强壮而强硬的对手。A. handsome英俊的；B. gentle温柔的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. tough坚强的，强硬的。根据常识以及前文“in a boxing ring, face to face with a strong”，结合选项可知，在拳击台上，对手应该是强壮且强硬的。故选D项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实游戏是当今世界上最复杂的互动游戏，涉及到有史以来所发明的最先进的游戏技术。A. transformed转化；B. invented发明；C. developed发展；D. conducted指挥。根据前文“the most advanced game technology”可知，这里指“所发明的游戏技术”。故选B项。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：了解互动娱乐和被动娱乐之间的区别是很重要的。A. games游戏；B. programs程序；C. entertainments娱乐；D. campaigns运动。基于前文分析，本文在讨论虚拟现实游戏，根据后文“Watching television”可知，这里指“娱乐”。故选C项。
27．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看电视是被动的，因为你不需要做任何事情，保持你的眼睛睁开。A. passive被动的；B. interesting有趣的；C. active积极的；D. simple简单的。基于前文的分析，根据后文“because you don’t have to do anything accept ____13____ your eyes open.”以及“____14____ computer games are interactive because what you do ____15____ how the game turns out…”可知，区别互动娱乐和被动娱乐，电脑游戏是互动娱乐，看电视不需要做任何事情，因而是被动的。故选A项。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看电视是被动的，因为你不需要做任何事情，保持你的眼睛睁开。A. keep保持；B. force强迫；C. declare宣布；D. fix安装。基于前文的分析，根据常识以及前文“you don’t have to do anything”可知，看电视的时候，你只需保持眼睛睁开即可。故选A项。
29．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：相比之下，电脑游戏具有互动性，因为你所做的事情会影响到游戏的结果：如果你没有找到正确的秘密隧道，你就无法逃离危险的城堡，除非你在途中避开陷阱，否则你就输了，游戏也就结束了。A. In conclusion总之；B. In general一般来讲；C. In contrast相比之下；D. In practice实践中。根据前文“It is important to understand the difference between interactive and passive ____11____. Watching television is ____12____, because you don’t have to do anything accept ____13____ your eyes open.”可知，要区别互动和被动娱乐，而看电视是被动娱乐，再根据下文“computer games are interactive”可知，此处对比两种娱乐，相比之下，电脑游戏是互动的。故选C项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，电脑游戏具有交互性，因为你所做的事情会影响到游戏的结果：如果你没有找到正确的秘密隧道，你就无法逃离危险的城堡，除非你在途中避开陷阱，否则你就输了，游戏也就结束了。A. improves提高；B. influences影响；C. limits极限；D. helps帮助。根据常识以及后文“if you don’t find the right secret tunnels, you can’t escape the dangerous castle, and unless you ____16____ the traps along the way, you die and the game is over.”可知，在游戏中你做的事情会影响游戏结果。故选B项。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，电脑游戏具有交互性，因为你所做的事情会影响到游戏的结果：如果你没有找到正确的秘密隧道，你就无法逃离危险的城堡，除非你在途中避开陷阱，否则你就输了，游戏也就结束了。A. set设置；B. avoid避免；C. remove去掉；D. change改变。根据常识及后文“the traps along the way, you die and the game is over”可知，游戏中，如果你沿途不能避开陷阱，你就输了。故选B项。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实的创造者还远未完成。A. players运动员；B. creators创造者；C. participants参与者；D. advocates倡导者。根据后文“They dream of one day coming up with a game world that players won’t be able to ____18____ apart from the real thing.”可知，此处指，虚拟现实的创造者。故选B项。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们梦想着有一天能够创造出一个玩家无法分辨真假的游戏世界。A. take拿走；B. tear撕碎；C. fall跌落；D. tell告诉，分辨。根据常识及前文“Players love it because it’s the first game that lets them feel as though they are ____1____ inside the game, taking part in the action around them.”可知，虚拟现实的游戏让人感觉自己仿佛置身于游戏之中，参与周围的动作，所以游戏的创造者梦想是虚拟现实更加接近真实，让玩家不能分辨真假。故选D项。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以让人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们所进入的环境。A. allow允许；B. prefer更喜欢；C. recommend推荐；D. inspire激励。根据前文“They dream of one day coming up with a game world that players won’t be able to ____18____ apart from the real thing.”可知，他们梦想使游戏更加接近真实，所以这里指，允许人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们的游戏环境。故选A项。
35．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它可以让人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们所进入的环境。A. adapted to适应于；B. searched for搜索；C. stepped into走进，步入；D. missed out错过。基于前文的分析可知，根据前文“the environment”可知，这里指，允许人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们所“进入”的游戏环境。step into“步入”符合句意。故选C项。
36．C
37．A
38．A
39．C
40．D
41．A
42．B
43．B
44．C
45．D
46．D
47．B
48．A
49．B
50．C
【分析】
本文为说明文。现代科技中人们喜欢使用语音助手，文章介绍了语音助手可以是女性也可以成为男性，通过举例分析了为什么倾向于女性化。
36．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她会告诉你她是没有性别的。A. robotic机器人的；B. high-tech高科技的；C. genderless无性别的；D. creative有创造性的。根据下文的““Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say.”及文章最后一段的“And Siri can become a sir”可知，Siri是没有性别的。故选C。
37．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从文化的角度，我们也认为她们是淑女。A. Culturally文化地，人文地；B. Obviously显然地；C. Grammatically语法上；D. Undoubtedly无疑。根据下文“In Old Norse (古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”.”可知，是从文化的角度来讲的。故选A。
38．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们重视日常生活其他领域的性别多样性，为什么我们的技术听起来如此女性化？A. female 女性的；B. ridiculous 滑稽的；C. professional 专业的；D. reasonable合理的。根据下文“The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. ”可知，此处问的是为什么更女性化。故选A。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人们对女性语言的接受程度更高。A. charm魅力；B. professors教授；C. speech语言；D. participants参与者。根据下文“MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders,”尤其是句中的voice可知，是更倾向于女性语言。故选C。
40．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：MacDorman和他的团队分别给不同性别的人播放了男性和女性声音的片段，然后让他们选出自己喜欢的声音。A. accepted接受；B. misunderstood误解；C. studied研究；D. preferred更喜欢。根据下文“The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices.”可知，上文是要求辨认更喜欢哪种声音。故选D。
41．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：女性甚至表现出对女性做出反应的潜意识偏好;男性潜意识中保持中立。A. In practice实际上；B. On the contrary相反；C. By this means用这种方式；D. At first起初。根据上文“In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer.(在2011年的一篇论文中，他们报告称，女性和男性都认为女性的声音听起来更温暖)”可知，上下文之间用in practice最能衔接上下文。故选A。
42．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么有偏见？A. neutrality中立的；B. prejudice偏见；C. authority权威；D. conscience良心。根据上文调查更喜欢那种声音及下文“people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems.”可知，此处是问为什么有偏见。故选B。
43．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们想要技术来帮助我们，但我们也想成为它的老板，所以我们更有可能选择女性界面。A. interaction交流，互动；B. technology科技；C. personality个性；D. society社会。根据本句中的“ choose a female interface”可知，是使用科技帮助我们。故选B。
44．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势表明，企业将用女性的声音在更广泛的客户群体中留下更好的印象。A. more sociable更善社交的；B. more talented更多才的；C. broader更广泛的；D. wealthier更富有的。根据下文的“But not just any voice.”可知，是更广泛的客户。故选C。
45．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它必须符合品牌的个性。A. improve改善；B. develop发展；C. admire钦佩；D. suit适合，相配。根据上文的“But not just any voice.”及下文“For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its 11 of more than 100 voices.”可知，是要选择合适的声音来匹配公司的品牌。故选D。
46．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这方面，公司经常求助于Nuance Communications的营销、战略和业务发展副总裁格雷格·帕尔，他授权Nuance Communications拥有超过100种声音。A. market市场；B. business生意；C. research研究；D. library系列丛书（或磁带等），文库 。根据句中提到的公司“Nuance Communications(专门从事语音识别软件、图像处理软件及输入法软件研发、销售的公司)”可知，此处需用library。故选D。
47．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他听起来像一个高中英语老师——受过教育，乐于助人，但不专横。A. strange陌生的；B. bossy专横的；C. reliable可信赖的；D. unique独特的。根据下文的“That’s about right for a brand attempting to 13 guys ordering pies before the big game.”可知，使用男性的声音是为了吸引人们订购，因此，此处是指不专横。故选B。
48．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于一个试图吸引那些在大赛前就点派的人的品牌来说，这大概是正确的。A. appeal to吸引；B. look into调查；C. meet with遇见；D. run after追赶。根据上文的“He sounded like a high school English teacher — educated and helpful but not 12”可知，使用男性的声音是为了吸引顾客。故选A。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多设备已经允许用户自定义语音接口。A. educate教育；B. customize定做；C. leave离开；D. answer回答。根据下文的“For example, Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character, can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir”可知，很多设备是可以定做的。故选B。
50．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：果你肯花时间重新编程，Siri也可以成为“先生”。A. repeat重复；B. assist帮助；C. reprogram重编程序；D. communicate交流。根据下文的“Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful and female tone.”可知，此处的Siri是个女性，因此，如果想把她变成男性，需要重编程序。故选C。
51．D
52．B
53．C
54．A
55．C
56．B
57．D
58．B
59．C
60．A
61．B
62．D
63．C
64．D
65．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杜克大学和乔治城大学的研究人员发现，那些每天只收到三次通知的研究参与者表示，他们的情绪更好，工作效率更高，对手机的控制感也更强。文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程，以及一款名为Daywise的应用程序，可以设置手机每天的通知次数。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你被手机拴住了，而且不开心，你可以考虑在一天中设置接收智能手机的通知的间隔时间段，而不是一有消息就通知。A. spots地点；B. periods周期；C. lengths长度；D. intervals间隔。根据后文“ study participants who received notifications set to arrive only three times a day reported better moods”可知是建议设置接收手机通知的间隔时间段，故选D。
52．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：杜克大学和乔治城大学的研究人员发现，那些每天只收到三次通知的研究参与者表示，他们的情绪更好，工作效率更高，对手机的控制感也更强。A. standard标准；B. productivity生产率；C. pay支付；D. expectation期待。根据前后文语境“better moods, higher …, and greater feelings of control over their phones”可知，此处是在列举每天只接受三次通知的好处，包括情绪更好，工作效率更高，对手机的控制感也更强。后文“productive”也是提示。故选B。
53．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与那些照常收到通知的参与者和另一组完全没有收到通知的参与者相比，研究参与者解锁手机的频率也更低。A. exchange交换；B. replace取代；C. unlock解锁，开启；D. unfold打开。根据后文“their phones less often”可知因为设置了每天只接受三次通知，所以参与者解锁手机的频率也更低。故选C。
54．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者下载了研究人员开发的一款监管手机通知发送的安卓应用程序。A. delivery发送，交付；B. transfer转让；C. assignment任务；D. flow流动。根据后文“of phone notifications”可知是一款监管手机通知发送的安卓应用程序。故选A。
55．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者还被要求在每日日记中报告各种衡量标准，包括：注意力、分心、压力、焦虑、情绪、生产力、社会联系和工作乐趣——以及手机特有的后果：被通知打断的感觉、错过通知的感觉、对手机的控制感、回应他人的社会压力、手机过度使用和故意查看手机。A. strict严格的；B. distinct明显的；C. various多样的；D. dramatic戏剧的。根据后文“concentration, distraction, stress, anxiety, mood, productivity, social connectedness, and work enjoyment”可知衡量标准很多样。故选C。
56．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者还被要求在每日日记中报告各种衡量标准，包括：注意力、分心、压力、焦虑、情绪、生产力、社会联系和工作乐趣——以及手机特有的后果：被通知打断的感觉、错过通知的感觉、对手机的控制感、回应他人的社会压力、手机过度使用和故意查看手机。A. information信息；B. outcomes后果，产出；C. atmosphere气氛；D. motivations动机。结合后文“feeling of being interrupted by notifications, sense of missing out on notifications”可知是指手机对人产生的后果，故选B。
57．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：参与者还被要求在每日日记中报告各种衡量标准，包括：注意力、分心、压力、焦虑、情绪、生产力、社会联系和工作乐趣——以及手机特有的后果：被通知打断的感觉、错过通知的感觉、对手机的控制感、回应他人的社会压力、手机过度使用和故意查看手机。A. approve of赞成；B. compete with与……竞争；C. make out理解；D. respond to回答。根据前后文“social pressure to…others”结合常识，可知收到消息，意味着就要回复别人，所以是回应他人的社会压力。故选D。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与者被告知，他们可以随时打开各自的应用程序访问通知。A. operate操作；B. access访问，接近；C. unload卸货；D. maintain维持。根据后文“their notifications by opening individual apps”可知参与者可以随时打开各自的应用程序访问通知。故选B。
59．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：作者给出了他们的进一步解释，“换句话说，我们只控制了通知的传递，比如锁屏，而根本没有阻止消息被访问。”A. Above all首先；B. In addition此外；C. In other words换句话说；D. On the other hand另一方面。结合上文“And the authors give their further explanation”可知进一步解释，也就是“换句话说”。故选C。
60．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“与对照组(像往常一样通知)相比，每天通知三次的参与者感觉更专心、工作效率更高、心情更好，对手机的控制也更强。”研究人员还指出，这一组的压力水平也更低。A. attentive专心的；B. respectful恭敬的；C. distracted心烦意乱的；D. considerate体贴的。根据后文“productive”可知工作效率更高，说明每天通知三次的参与者更加专心。故选A。
61．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“相比之下，完全没有收到通知的参与者这些好处收获很少，但经历了更高程度的焦虑和‘害怕错过’(FoMO)。”A. seized抓住；B. harvested收获；C. offered提议；D. weighed衡量。根据后文“few of those benefits”可知是指收获好处。故选B。
62．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“相比之下，完全没有收到通知的参与者这些好处收获很少，但经历了更高程度的焦虑和‘害怕错过’(FoMO)。”A. sense感觉；B. delight高兴；C. intention意图；D. fear恐惧。结合上文“higher levels of anxiety and”以及后文“of missing out”可知没有收到通知的参与者高度焦虑且害怕错过消息。故选D。
63．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但目前Daywise只支持Android系统。A. responsible负责的；B. reliable可靠的；C. available可获得的；D. reversible可逆的。根据后文“on the Android platform so far”可知这种应用目前只能在Android系统上获得。故选C。
64．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：DayWise的开发者Ranjan Jagannathan表示:“与Android应用不同，iOS不允许第三方开发者细微控制通知。A. leading领导的；B. related有关系的；C. major主要的；D. third第三的。结合后文“developers to control notifications”以及常识，可知iOS系统通常不允许第三方开发者来控制手机通知。故选D。
65．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：除非我们能够足够灵活地做到这一点，否则我们将无法为iOS开发一个强大的Daywise版本。A. flexibly灵活地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. formally正式地；D. automatically自动地。结合后文“we will not be able to build a powerful version of Daywise for iOS.”可知，开发者除非能够灵活地做到控制iOS系统的通知，否则无法为iOS开发一个强大的Daywise版本。故选A。
66．C
67．A
68．B
69．D
70．A
71．B
72．C
73．C
74．B
75．A
76．C
77．C
78．B
79．D
80．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了互联网计算机对人类生产创造的意义，我们必须平衡好用互联网计算机被动消费和主动创造二者之间的关系。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它（互联网计算机）是第一台媒体机器，作为生产模式（你可以制作素材）、分配方式（你可以上传素材到网络）、接收站（你可以下载素材并与之互动）、表扬和批评地点（你可以评论你下载或上传的素材）。A. celebration庆祝；B. conversations会话；C. reception接收；D. ceremonies仪式。括号内所说的你可以下载素材并与之互动是互联网计算机的接收功能，故C项正确。
67．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，互联网计算机是21世纪的文化机器。A. Without doubt毫无疑问；B. In return作为回报；C. In particular尤其、特别；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文对互联网计算机四方面功能的介绍可知，这些功能使它毫无疑问地成为21世纪的文化机器，故A项正确。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但尽管有为计算机欢呼的种种理由，我们也必须谨慎行事。A. liberate释放；B. celebrate庆祝、欢呼；C. concern涉及；D. reject拒绝。上文提到的网络计算机的功能是我们为计算机欢呼的理由，故B项正确。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为互联网计算机在被动消费和主动创造、下载和上传之间展开了一场秘密战争，其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。A. request请求；B. support支持；C. defense防卫；D. creation创造。与“被动消费”相对的自然是“主动创造”，故D项正确。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用它们来创建多余的物质(绘画、雕塑和建筑)和多余的体验(音乐、文学、宗教和哲学) 。A. unique独特的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. efficient有效率的；D. loyal忠诚的。空前提到了所有的动物都会下载，但只有少数上传除了自己的脸和身体以外的东西，此处是人类与动物的比较，突出与其他动物相比，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，故A项正确。
71．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化，并最终定义了什么是人类。A. In addition此外；B. In fact事实上；C. For instance例如；D. By the way顺便问一下。上文说与其他动物相比，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，因此此处是说事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类，故B项正确。
72．考查动词词义辨析，句意：下载和消费文化需要高超的技巧，但如果不能超越下载的范畴，就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素。A. striving努力；B. comparing比较；C. failing未能；D. attempting尝试。上文说人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类，因此如果不能超越下载的范畴，就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素，故C项正确。
73．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们的新文化机器带来了各种可能性，但大多数人仍然停留在看电视带来的下载模式。A. optimistic about对……保持乐观；B. unfamiliar with对……不熟悉；C. stuck in陷入；D. ashamed of对……感到羞愧。根据空前表示让步的“Despite”可知，尽管我们的新文化机器带来了各种可能性，但大多数人仍然停留在看电视带来的下载模式上，故C项正确。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产的金字塔依然存在，一小部分人上传材料，一小部分人对内容进行评论或修改，还有很大一部分人只满足于消费。A. transformation转换；B. emergence出现；C. encounter遭遇；D. maintenance维护。根据空后的“of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains”可知，在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产的金字塔仍然存在，故B项正确。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. consume消费；B. neglect忽视；C. combine联合；D. innovate创新。根据空前的“a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just.”可知，一小部分人上传材料，一小部分人对内容进行评论或修改，而很大一部分人只满足于消费，故A项正确。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：互联网计算机提供了50年来第一次扭转人们看电视（消费）的机会，鼓励有思想的下载，更重要的是，有意义的上传。A. enhance加强；B. quicken加快；C. reverse颠倒、扭转；D. extend延伸。下文说计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化、从消费模式转变为生产模式的机会，因此此处是说互联网计算机扭转了50年来人们只是看电视的局面，故C项正确。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化、从消费模式转变为生产模式的机会。A. outcome结果；B. exposure暴露；C. break打破、间断；D. evolution演变。根据空后的“from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model.”可知，互联网计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化的机会，故C项正确。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：治疗方法现在就在我们的共同掌握之中。A. puzzle谜团；B. cure治疗、疗法；C. regret遗憾；D. favor偏袒。空前说五十年的电视统治产生了一种不健康的文化，因此此处指对这种不健康文化的治疗方法，故B项正确。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它包括控制我们的接收或下载，增加我们的活动上传水平。A. analyzing分析；B. maintaining维护；C. featuring以……为特色；D. increasing增加。要想利用互联网计算机进行更多的生产创造，自然是要增加上传，故D项正确。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，把联网计算机作为一个只能下载的设备，甚至是一个以下载为主的设备，历史证明这个机会就被浪费了。A. wasted浪费；B. treasured珍爱；C. multiplied增加；D. revised修正。空后说因此，目标必须是在消费和生产之间建立平衡，因此此处是说如果只用互联网计算机用来下载的话，那么这个机会就被浪费了，故A项正确。
【点睛】
本篇第7空难度较大，抓住上文对人类的独特之处的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Humans are ___5___ in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous( 过 剩 的 ) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). ___6___, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.”可知，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化和人类，因此如果不能超越下载的范畴（用互联网计算机创造多余的东西），就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素，故C项（failing）正确。
81．A
82．D
83．A
84．D
85．A
86．A
87．B
88．B
89．D
90．D
91．C
92．A
93．B
94．B
95．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以很难精确地界定一个健康的屏幕时间的量。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间（尤其是在社交媒体上）会造成伤害。但要弄清楚一个“健康”的量是多么的不容易。A. amount数量；B. comparison比较；C. experience经验；D. medium媒介。空前说人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间会造成伤害，再结合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一个健康的屏幕时间的量很不容易，故A项正确。
82．考查动词短语辨析。句意：社交媒体上的一些负面经历，比如担心自己的外貌与别人的比较，确实会影响一些孩子。A. accounting for导致；B. boasting of吹嘘；C. commenting on评述；D. worrying about担心。根据空后的“how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children.”可知，担心自己的外貌与别人的比较会对一些孩子造成影响，故D项正确。
83．考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着（数字）技术的普遍使用是有害的，而且很难断言它如何影响不同的人。A. in general通常、普遍；B. in particular特别、尤其；C. in private私下；D. in public当众。根据常识可知，数字技术是现代社会的人们普遍使用的，故A项正确。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想联合国儿童基金会所描述的关于数字技术对儿童心理安慰的影响的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社会生活。A. domestic国内的；B. material物质的；C. physical体力的；D. psychological心理的。根据空后的“including happiness, mental health and social life.”可知此处指“心理安慰”，故D项正确。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它没有说社交媒体有害，而是表明了一种更复杂的影响。A. complex复杂的；B. dramatic引人注目的；C. harmless无害的；D. predictable可预言的。根据下文对其研究发现的介绍可知，联合国儿童基金会的研究表明社交媒体对儿童的影响很复杂，故A项正确。
86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年中，增加使用电子产品的时间可能与提高舒适度有关，因为这对维持友谊很重要。A. improved改进的、提高的；B. maximum最大极限的；C. relative相关的；D. small小的。根据空后的“possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships.”可知，因为这对维持友谊很重要，所以对那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年来说，增加使用电子产品的时间会提高舒适度，故A项正确。
87．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，在使用科技产品最多的人群中，任何时间的增加都与舒适程度的降低有关。A. As a rule照例；B. In contrast相比之下、与此相反；C. On the whole大体上；D. Worse still更糟的是。根据语境可知，此处是与那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年的对比，故B项正确。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他一些高质量研究提供的证据进行更广泛的研究再次表明，这一说法并不能站得住脚。A. convincing令人信服的；B. definite一定的、确切的；C. probable可能的；D. true正确的。根据下文对2013年的一项早期研究结果的介绍可知，空前说的一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项正确。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是为数不多的追踪技术的影响随时间变化的研究之一。A. estimating评估；B. experiencing体验；C. reducing减少；D. tracing追踪。空前说2013年的一项早期研究调查了11000名英国5岁儿童的电视和视频游戏习惯两年后对他们的影响，这说明这项研究追踪了技术的影响随时间变化，故D项正确。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，玩电子游戏并没有被认为会导致更大的友谊或情感问题的风险。A. connection连接；B. power力量；C. promotion提升；D. risk风险。根据空后的“of friendship or emotional problems”可知此处指“友谊或情感问题的风险”，故D项正确。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么我们孩子的屏幕时间应该是多少呢？由于不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定。A. balanced平衡的；B. independent独立的；C. precise明确的、精确的；D. subjective主观的。不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定孩子健康的屏幕时间的量，故C项正确。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，人们都认为过多的糖对健康有害。A. agree同意；B. forget忘记；C. object反对；D. remember记得。根据空后的“that too much sugar can be bad for your health”可知，一般来说，人们都会同意过多的糖是对健康有害的，故A项正确。
93．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们不会轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人。A. equally平等地；B. readily容易地；C. reluctantly勉强；D. weakly无力地。空前说它可能产生的效果取决于从糖的种类到人以及糖的量等许多因素，所以我们不会再轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人，故B项正确。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体的使用也是如此：结果取决于如此多的因素，以至于只能粗略地预测。A. emotion therapy情绪疗法；B. social media社交媒体；C. TV broadcasting电视广告；D. video game视频游戏。本文主要讲的就是社交媒体的屏幕时间，故B项正确。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. confident自信的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. rough粗略的；D. wild荒凉的。社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以不能精确地说出一个健康的屏幕时间，只能是粗略地预测，故C项正确。
【点睛】
本篇第8空难度较大，抓住空后介绍的2013年的那项早期研究的结果是关键，根据“It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day.”可知，这项研究表明，与工作日看电视时间不超过一小时的儿童相比，每天看电视时间超过三小时的儿童的行为问题略有增加，这说明上文说的“一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康”这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项definite正确。
(高考真题+各地模拟题)
专题27 信息技术
Passage 1
Early on Saturday morning, parents and viewers walked in a line into the gym at the Einste Academy, a school in Illinois in the US. After the coach 1 his opening speech everyone 2 for the US's national song. After the song, judges dressed in black and white shirt took up their 3 outside the playing field, ready for the games to begin.
While this sounds like the typical setting of a US sporting event, this one had a high-tech twist, was a competitive robotics 4 —a game that turns the subjects of science, technology, engineerin and mathematics into a competitive sport.
5 by coaches, teams of students in grade 7 through 12 who designed, built and programmo their own robots competed against other robotics teams in the West Suburban League North Division the FIRST Tech Challenge (FTC).
“Most students experience multiple-choice questions.” said Jonathan Weiland, who works f FIRST Tech Challenge in Illinois. “In FTC, there are hundreds of solutions to a problem and they see which solution 6 the best.”
“Founded by a not-for-profit organization, FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science ai Technology) events are modeled after traditional sports like basketball to generate 7 in robotic,” Weiland said. FIRST Tech Challenge is one of four FIRST programs.
During a FIRST Tech Challenge, Robotics teams either 8 a robotics kit(配套组件), adjusting and upgrading their design, or custom build(专门制作) a robot using 9 materials, recording the progress in engineering notebooks.
The robotics teams compete in games within a league, getting points throughout the season 10 a national and even global competitions. There are 35 teams in the West Surburban Leagn North Division and only eight will go to the state, Weiland said. Teams earn awards based on the robot’s 11 ,design and other accomplishments.
“Judges 12 pair two robotics teams to form a group that competes against two other teams. With multiple games played by all teams at each meet, a competitor in one game might be a 13 in the next,” Weiland said. Students are taught to help each other at all times and to 14 the other team, he said.
“One of the best things you can do with your 15 is to share something with someone else,” student said. “It's fun being on the journey with them.”
1．A．delivered B．wrote C．reviewed D．corrected
2．A．sent B．called C．applied D．rose
3．A．references B．notebooks C．positions D．responsibilities
4．A．meet B．example C．design D．creation
5．A．Blamed B．Guided C．Warned D．Praised
6．A．switches B．responds C．appears D．works
7．A．disappointment B．violence C．excitement D．power
8．A．purchase B．damage C．throw D．store
9．A．political B．industrial C．financial D．agricultural
10．A．bring up B．turn in C．stick to D．qualify for
11．A．model B．material C．performance D．location
12．A．hopefully B．randomly C．skillfully D．actively
13．A．coach B．judge C．roommate D．teammate
14．A．discourage B．beat C．greet D．join
15．A．intelligence B．right C．life D．hobby
Passage 2
Virtual (虚拟的) reality is the latest and hottest type of computer game available. Players love it because it’s the first game that lets them feel as though they are 16 inside the game, taking part in the action around them.
Through the magic of virtual reality, you can become a boxer or 17 into a robot by simply putting on a (n) 18 and slapping up to the controls. The key to the “reality” you feel is the helmet. It 19 your eyes and ears, blocking off your normal vision and 20 . Turn on a switch and you’re 21 by the sights and sounds of the game world.
In the boxing game, you hear cheering crowds and loud voice of an announcer 22 out instructions. Then you 23 yourself stand in a boxing ring, face to face with a strong and 24 opponent. The bell rings for the first round and you begin fighting.
Virtual reality games are the most complex interactive games, which involve the most advanced game technology ever 25 .
It is important to understand the difference between interactive and passive 26 . Watching television is 27 , because you don’t have to do anything accept 28 your eyes open. 29 computer games are interactive because what you do 30 how the game turns out: if you don’t find the right secret tunnels, you can’t escape the dangerous castle, and unless you 31 the traps along the way, you die and the game is over.
The 32 of virtual reality are far from finished. They dream of one day coming up with a game world that players won’t be able to 33 apart from the real thing. It will 34 people to feel, and even taste and smell the environment they have 35 According to the game developers. It’s only a matter of time.
16．A．casually B．actually C．luckily D．simply
17．A．turn B．come C．burst D．look
18．A．mask B．bat C．earphone D．helmet
19．A．opens B．attracts C．cheats D．covers
20．A．smell B．sight C．hearing D．feeling
21．A．threatened B．surrounded C．followed D．delegated
22．A．working B．making C．figuring D．calling
23．A．find B．stop C．admit D．enjoy
24．A．handsome B．gentle C．intelligent D．tough
25．A．transformed B．invented C．developed D．conducted
26．A．games B．programs C．entertainments D．campaigns
27．A．passive B．interesting C．active D．simple
28．A．keep B．force C．declare D．fix
29．A．In conclusion B．In general C．In contrast D．In practice
30．A．improves B．influences C．limits D．helps
31．A．set B．avoid C．remove D．change
32．A．players B．creators C．participants D．advocates
33．A．take B．tear C．fall D．tell
34．A．allow B．prefer C．recommend D．inspire
35．A．adapted to B．searched for C．stepped into D．missed out
Passage 3
Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s 36 . “Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women 37 , we think of them as ladies too. In Old Norse (古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”. We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold female turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally silly answers to our requests.
If we prize gender diversity (多样性) in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so 38 The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female 39 ,” says Karl MacDorman, a professor at Indiana University who specializes in human computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they 40 . The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. 41 , women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.
Why the 42 Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass wrote that people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want 43 to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to choose a female interface (接口程序).
This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a 44 group of customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to 45 a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its 46 of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assistant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher — educated and helpful but not 47 . That’s about right for a brand attempting to 48 guys ordering pies before the big game.
As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you 49 a voice interface. For example, Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character, can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to 50 . Want to know how to do it Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful and female tone.
36．A．robotic B．high-tech C．genderless D．creative
37．A．Culturally B．Obviously C．Grammatically D．Undoubtedly
38．A．female B．ridiculous C．professional D．reasonable
39．A．charm B．professors C．speech D．participants
40．A．accepted B．misunderstood C．studied D．preferred
41．A．In practice B．On the contrary C．By this means D．At first
42．A．neutrality B．prejudice C．authority D．conscience
43．A．interaction B．technology C．personality D．society
44．A．more sociable B．more talented C．broader D．wealthier
45．A．improve B．develop C．admire D．suit
46．A．market B．business C．research D．library
47．A．strange B．bossy C．reliable D．unique
48．A．appeal to B．look into C．meet with D．run after
49．A．educate B．customize C．leave D．answer
50．A．repeat B．assist C．reprogram D．communicate
Passage 4
If you’re chained to your phone and unhappy about it, you might consider receiving smartphone notifications (通知) at set 51 throughout the day rather than as they come. Researchers at Duke University and Georgetown University found that study participants who received notifications set to arrive only three times a day reported better moods, higher 52 , and greater feelings of control over their phones. In comparison with participants who received notifications as usual and another group of participants who received no notifications at all, study participants also 53 their phones less often.
In total, 237 smartphone owners living in India participated in the study. Participants downloaded an Android app developed by the researchers that regulated the 54 of phone notifications. Respondents also were asked to report in a daily diary 55 measures including: “concentration, distraction, stress, anxiety, mood, productivity, social connectedness, and work enjoyment -- as well as phone-specific 56 : feeling of being interrupted by notifications, sense of missing out on notifications, sense of control over phone, social pressure to 57 others, phone overuse, and intentional phone checking.” Participants were informed that they could always 58 their notifications by opening individual apps. And the authors give their further explanation, “ 59 , we only controlled the delivery of notifications (e.g., to the lock screen), rather than preventing messages from being accessed at all.”
“Compared to those in the control condition (notifications as usual), participants whose notifications were set three-times-a-day felt more 60 , productive, in a better mood, and in greater control of their phones,” the researchers write, noting that this group also reported lower stress levels. “In contrast, participants who did not receive notifications at all 61 few of those benefits, but experienced higher levels of anxiety and ‘ 62 of missing out’ (FoMO).” They’ve released the app, called Daywise, for personal use through Google Play. But Daywise has been only 63 on the Android platform so far. “Unlike the app Android, iOS (short for Internetwork Operating System) doesn’t allow 64 party developers to control notifications to a degree we’d like for setting to work in a nuanced (细微的) manner,” DayWise creator Ranjan Jagannathan told us. “Till we’re able to do this 65 enough, we will not be able to build a powerful version of Daywise for iOS. We are working for it.”
51．A．spots B．periods C．lengths D．intervals
52．A．standard B．productivity C．pay D．expectation
53．A．exchange B．replace C．unlock D．unfold
54．A．delivery B．transfer C．assignment D．flow
55．A．strict B．distinct C．various D．dramatic
56．A．information B．outcomes C．atmosphere D．motivations
57．A．approve of B．compete with C．make out D．respond to
58．A．operate B．access C．unload D．maintain
59．A．Above all B．In addition C．In other words D．On the other hand
60．A．attentive B．respectful C．distracted D．considerate
61．A．seized B．harvested C．offered D．weighed
62．A．sense B．delight C．intention D．fear
63．A．responsible B．reliable C．available D．reversible
64．A．leading B．related C．major D．third
65．A．flexibly B．rapidly C．formally D．automatically
Passage 5
The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of 66 (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 67 , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.
But for all the reasons there are to 68 the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active 69 —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are 70 in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous( 过 剩 的 ) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). 71 , it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but 72 to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.
Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still 73 download mode, brought about by television watching. Even after the 74 of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just 75 .
The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to 76 the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete 77 from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. This is a historic opportunity. Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture. The 78 is now in our collective grasp. It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and 79 our levels of activity—uploading.
Of course people will still download. Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume. But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a 80 opportunity that history affords us. Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production.
66．A．celebration B．conversations C．reception D．ceremonies
67．A．Without doubt B．In return C．In particular D．By contrast
68．A．liberate B．celebrate C．concern D．reject
69．A．request B．support C．defense D．creation
70．A．unique B．familiar C．efficient D．loyal
71．A．In addition B．In fact C．For instance D．By the way
72．A．striving B．comparing C．failing D．attempting
73．A．optimistic about B．unfamiliar with
C．stuck in D．ashamed of
74．A．transformation B．emergence C．encounter D．maintenance
75．A．consume B．neglect C．combine D．innovate
76．A．enhance B．quicken C．reverse D．extend
77．A．outcome B．exposure C．break D．evolution
78．A．puzzle B．cure C．regret D．favor
79．A．analyzing B．maintaining C．featuring D．increasing
80．A．wasted B．treasured C．multiplied D．revised
Passage 6
Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a “healthy” 81 might be is far from easy.
Some negative experiences on social media—like 82 how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in 83 is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.
Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s 84 comfort, including happiness, mental health and social life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more 85 effect.
The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to 86 comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. 87 , among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.
A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not 88 . An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually 89 the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater 90 of friendship or emotional problems.
So how much time should our children spend looking at screens It is difficult to be 91 as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people 92 that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not 93 trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for 94 usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very 95 predictions are possible.
81．A．amount B．comparison C．experience D．medium
82．A．accounting for B．boasting of C．commenting on D．worrying about
83．A．general B．particular C．private D．public
84．A．domestic B．material C．physical D．psychological
85．A．complex B．dramatic C．harmless D．predictable
86．A．improved B．maximum C．relative D．small
87．A．As a rule B．In contrast C．On the whole D．Worse still
88．A．convincing B．definite C．probable D．true
89．A．estimating B．experiencing C．reducing D．tracing
90．A．connection B．power C．promotion D．risk
91．A．balanced B．independent C．precise D．subjective
92．A．agree B．forget C．object D．remember
93．A．equally B．readily C．reluctantly D．weakly
94．A．emotion therapy B．social media
C．TV broadcasting D．video game
95．A．confident B．optimistic C．rough D．wild
参考答案
1．A
2．D
3．C
4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．B
15．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在教练的指导下，7年级到12年级的学生团队设计、制造和编程自己的机器人，与其他机器人团队在西部郊区联盟北区的FIRST技术挑战赛中竞争的事。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练致开幕词后，所有人都为美国国歌起立。A. delivered发表；B. wrote写；C. reviewed评论；D. corrected更正。根据空后的“his opening speech”可知，此处表示“发表开幕演讲”，为固定短语deliver a speech。故选A项。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练致开幕词后，所有人都为美国国歌起立。A. sent发送；B. called打电话；C. applied申请；D. rose起立。根据空后的“for the US's national song”和常识可知，当国歌响起时，人们都要起立。故选D项。
3．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：歌曲结束后，裁判员身着黑白衬衫在赛场外各就各位，准备开始比赛。A. references参照；B. notebooks笔记本；C. positions位置；D. responsibilities责任。根据“ready for the games to begin”和空前的“took up their”可知，裁判准备开始比赛，所以他们在场外就位，take up one’s place意为“就位”。故选C项。
4．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这听起来像是典型的美国体育赛事的背景，但这次的比赛有高科技的转折，是一场竞争性的机器人比赛——一场将科学、技术、工程和数学主题转变为竞争性运动的游戏。A. meet集会；B. example例子；C. design设计；D. creation创造。根据“a game that…”可知，这是一场有机器人参与的竞争性的游戏比赛，所以可以推断此处表达是一次机器人的集会。故选A项。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在教练的指导下，7年级到12年级的学生团队设计、制造和编程自己的机器人，与其他机器人团队在西部郊区联盟北区的FIRST技术挑战赛中竞争。A. Blamed责备；B. Guided指导；C. Warned警告；D. Praised表扬。根据“by coaches”可知，此处应该指在教练的指导下，学生团队运用机器人进行比赛竞争。故选B项。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在FTC，一个问题有数百种解决方案，他们会看哪种方案效果最好。A. switches转变；B. responds回应；C. appears出现；D. works起作用。根据“hundreds of solutions”和空后的the best可知，一个问题有很多种解决方案，此处表示他们会看看哪种方案最有效。故选D项。
7．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Weiland说：“FIRST活动是由一个非盈利组织创立的，它模仿了篮球等传统体育运动，以激发人们在机器人中的兴奋感。” A. disappointment失望；B. violence暴力；C. excitement兴奋；D. power力量。根据“a competitive robotics”和空前的generate可知，这是一场有关机器人的竞技比赛，所以可以推断，过程中会激发人们的紧张和兴奋感。故选C项。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在FIRST Tech Challenge期间，机器人团队要么购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计，要么使用工业材料定制一个机器人，在工程笔记本上记录他们的进展。A. purchase购买；B. damage损害；C. throw扔；D. store存储。分析可知，空处和下文“or custom build(专门制作)”相对，表示购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计。故选A项。
9．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在FIRST Tech Challenge期间，机器人团队要么购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计，要么使用工业材料定制一个机器人，在工程笔记本上记录他们的进展。A. political政治的；B. industrial工业的；C. financial金融的；D. agricultural农业的。根据“custom build(专门制作) a robot”和空后的materials可知，此处指要么用工业材料专门制作一个机器人。故选B项。
10．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：机器人团队在一个联赛中比赛，在整个赛季中获得积分，将有资格参加全国甚至全球的比赛。A. bring up提出；B. turn in交上；C. stick to坚持；D. qualify for有资格。空后的“a national and even global competitions”指的是更高级别的赛事，因此可推知，此处指通过整个赛季的积分获得州、国家甚至全球比赛的资格。故选D项。
11．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参赛队伍根据机器人的表现、设计和其他成就获得奖励。A. model模型；B. material材料；C. performance表现；D. location位置。根据“adjusting and upgrading their design”和空后的“design and other accomplishments”可知，这是机器人团队通过设计和操作机器人而进行的竞技比赛，所以可以推知，参赛队伍基于机器人的表现、设计和其他一些成就来获奖。故选C项。
12．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：裁判随机将两支机器人队伍组成一组，与另外两支队伍竞争。A. hopefully希望；B. randomly随机；C. skillfully巧妙地；D. actively积极地。根据“With multiple games played by all teams at each meet, a competitor in one game might be a____13____in the next”可知，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友，所以可以推断，裁判是随机给两个机器人队配对形成一组，和其他两个队比赛。故选B项。
13．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Weiland说：“在每场比赛中，所有队伍都会参加多场小的比赛，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友。” A. coach教练；B. judge裁判；C. roommate室友；D. teammate队友。根据“Judges____12____pair two robotics teams to form a group”和“With multiple games played by all teams at each meet”可知，裁判是随机给两个机器人队配对形成一组，且所有队伍都会参加多场小的比赛，所以可以推断，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友。故选D项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，学生们被教导在任何时候都要互相帮助，击败另一队。A. discourage阻止；B. beat击败；C. greet欢迎；D. join加入。根据“the other team”可知，此处和上文中的“help each other”相对，表示互相帮助，击败对手。故选B项。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个学生说：“在你的生活中，你能做的最好的事情之一就是与别人分享一些东西。” A. intelligence智力；B. right权利；C. life生活；D. hobby爱好。根据“share something with someone else”可推知，此处指生活中能做的最好事情之一是和别人分享某样东西。故选C项。
16．B
17．A
18．D
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．D
23．A
24．D
25．B
26．C
27．A
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．B
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种最新最热门的电脑游戏——虚拟现实。
16．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：玩家喜欢它，因为这是第一款让他们感觉自己仿佛置身于游戏之中，参与周围的动作的游戏。A. casually随便地；B. actually事实上，实际上；C. luckily幸运地；D. simply简单地；根据前文“Virtual (虚拟的) reality”和“the first game that lets them feel as though”可知，虚拟现实的游戏让人们感觉自己仿佛真实地置身于游戏之中。故选B项。
17．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过虚拟现实的魔力，你可以成为一名拳击手或变成一个机器人，只需戴上头盔和拍打控制。A. turn转；B. come来；C. burst爆发；D. look看。根据前文“you can become a boxer”以及后文“into a robot”可知，在虚拟现实中，你可以变成拳击手或者变成机器人。turn into“变成”和become近义，符合句意。故选A项。
18．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过虚拟现实的魔力，你可以成为一名拳击手或变成一个机器人，只需戴上头盔和拍打控制。A. mask面罩；B. bat球拍；C. earphone耳机；D. helmet头盔。根据后文“The key to the ‘reality’ you feel is the helmet.”可知，游戏者需要戴上头盔。故选D项。
19．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它会遮住你的眼睛和耳朵，阻挡你正常的视觉和听觉。A. opens打开；B. attracts吸引；C. cheats作弊；D. covers覆盖，遮盖。根据后文“blocking off your normal vision and ____5____.”可知，头盔要遮盖眼睛和耳朵。故选D项。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会遮住你的眼睛和耳朵，阻挡你正常的视觉和听觉。A. smell气味；B. sight视力；C. hearing听觉；D. feeling触觉。根据前文“It ____4____ your eyes and ears”可知，此处指“听觉”对应前文ears。故选C项。
21．
考查动词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：打开一个开关，你就会被游戏世界的景象和声音所包围。A. threatened被威胁；B. surrounded被包围；C. followed被跟随；D. delegated被代表。基于前文“It ____4____ your eyes and ears, blocking off your normal vision and ____5____.”和下一段内容以及常识可知，你现实中的视听被遮盖，在虚拟现实游戏中，打开开关，你就会被游戏世界的景象和声音所包围。故选B项。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拳击比赛中，你会听到欢呼的人群和播音员大声喊出比赛指令的声音。A. working工作；B. making制造；C. figuring计算；D. calling大声喊（叫）。根据常识以及前文“loud voice of an announcer”和后文“out instructions”可知，你可以听到播音员大声喊出比赛指令。故选D项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，你发现自己站在拳击台上，面对着一个强壮而强硬的对手。A. find发现；B. stop停止；C. admit承认；D. enjoy欣赏。基于前文的分析，根据后文“yourself stand in a boxing ring, face to face with a strong and ____9____ opponent”可知，在虚拟现实游戏中，就像真实的一样，你会发现自己站在拳击台上，面对对手。故选A项。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，你发现自己站在拳击台上，面对着一个强壮而强硬的对手。A. handsome英俊的；B. gentle温柔的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. tough坚强的，强硬的。根据常识以及前文“in a boxing ring, face to face with a strong”，结合选项可知，在拳击台上，对手应该是强壮且强硬的。故选D项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实游戏是当今世界上最复杂的互动游戏，涉及到有史以来所发明的最先进的游戏技术。A. transformed转化；B. invented发明；C. developed发展；D. conducted指挥。根据前文“the most advanced game technology”可知，这里指“所发明的游戏技术”。故选B项。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：了解互动娱乐和被动娱乐之间的区别是很重要的。A. games游戏；B. programs程序；C. entertainments娱乐；D. campaigns运动。基于前文分析，本文在讨论虚拟现实游戏，根据后文“Watching television”可知，这里指“娱乐”。故选C项。
27．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看电视是被动的，因为你不需要做任何事情，保持你的眼睛睁开。A. passive被动的；B. interesting有趣的；C. active积极的；D. simple简单的。基于前文的分析，根据后文“because you don’t have to do anything accept ____13____ your eyes open.”以及“____14____ computer games are interactive because what you do ____15____ how the game turns out…”可知，区别互动娱乐和被动娱乐，电脑游戏是互动娱乐，看电视不需要做任何事情，因而是被动的。故选A项。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看电视是被动的，因为你不需要做任何事情，保持你的眼睛睁开。A. keep保持；B. force强迫；C. declare宣布；D. fix安装。基于前文的分析，根据常识以及前文“you don’t have to do anything”可知，看电视的时候，你只需保持眼睛睁开即可。故选A项。
29．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：相比之下，电脑游戏具有互动性，因为你所做的事情会影响到游戏的结果：如果你没有找到正确的秘密隧道，你就无法逃离危险的城堡，除非你在途中避开陷阱，否则你就输了，游戏也就结束了。A. In conclusion总之；B. In general一般来讲；C. In contrast相比之下；D. In practice实践中。根据前文“It is important to understand the difference between interactive and passive ____11____. Watching television is ____12____, because you don’t have to do anything accept ____13____ your eyes open.”可知，要区别互动和被动娱乐，而看电视是被动娱乐，再根据下文“computer games are interactive”可知，此处对比两种娱乐，相比之下，电脑游戏是互动的。故选C项。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，电脑游戏具有交互性，因为你所做的事情会影响到游戏的结果：如果你没有找到正确的秘密隧道，你就无法逃离危险的城堡，除非你在途中避开陷阱，否则你就输了，游戏也就结束了。A. improves提高；B. influences影响；C. limits极限；D. helps帮助。根据常识以及后文“if you don’t find the right secret tunnels, you can’t escape the dangerous castle, and unless you ____16____ the traps along the way, you die and the game is over.”可知，在游戏中你做的事情会影响游戏结果。故选B项。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，电脑游戏具有交互性，因为你所做的事情会影响到游戏的结果：如果你没有找到正确的秘密隧道，你就无法逃离危险的城堡，除非你在途中避开陷阱，否则你就输了，游戏也就结束了。A. set设置；B. avoid避免；C. remove去掉；D. change改变。根据常识及后文“the traps along the way, you die and the game is over”可知，游戏中，如果你沿途不能避开陷阱，你就输了。故选B项。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实的创造者还远未完成。A. players运动员；B. creators创造者；C. participants参与者；D. advocates倡导者。根据后文“They dream of one day coming up with a game world that players won’t be able to ____18____ apart from the real thing.”可知，此处指，虚拟现实的创造者。故选B项。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们梦想着有一天能够创造出一个玩家无法分辨真假的游戏世界。A. take拿走；B. tear撕碎；C. fall跌落；D. tell告诉，分辨。根据常识及前文“Players love it because it’s the first game that lets them feel as though they are ____1____ inside the game, taking part in the action around them.”可知，虚拟现实的游戏让人感觉自己仿佛置身于游戏之中，参与周围的动作，所以游戏的创造者梦想是虚拟现实更加接近真实，让玩家不能分辨真假。故选D项。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以让人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们所进入的环境。A. allow允许；B. prefer更喜欢；C. recommend推荐；D. inspire激励。根据前文“They dream of one day coming up with a game world that players won’t be able to ____18____ apart from the real thing.”可知，他们梦想使游戏更加接近真实，所以这里指，允许人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们的游戏环境。故选A项。
35．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它可以让人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们所进入的环境。A. adapted to适应于；B. searched for搜索；C. stepped into走进，步入；D. missed out错过。基于前文的分析可知，根据前文“the environment”可知，这里指，允许人们触摸到，甚至品尝和闻到他们所“进入”的游戏环境。step into“步入”符合句意。故选C项。
36．C
37．A
38．A
39．C
40．D
41．A
42．B
43．B
44．C
45．D
46．D
47．B
48．A
49．B
50．C
【分析】
本文为说明文。现代科技中人们喜欢使用语音助手，文章介绍了语音助手可以是女性也可以成为男性，通过举例分析了为什么倾向于女性化。
36．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她会告诉你她是没有性别的。A. robotic机器人的；B. high-tech高科技的；C. genderless无性别的；D. creative有创造性的。根据下文的““Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say.”及文章最后一段的“And Siri can become a sir”可知，Siri是没有性别的。故选C。
37．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从文化的角度，我们也认为她们是淑女。A. Culturally文化地，人文地；B. Obviously显然地；C. Grammatically语法上；D. Undoubtedly无疑。根据下文“In Old Norse (古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”.”可知，是从文化的角度来讲的。故选A。
38．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们重视日常生活其他领域的性别多样性，为什么我们的技术听起来如此女性化？A. female 女性的；B. ridiculous 滑稽的；C. professional 专业的；D. reasonable合理的。根据下文“The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. ”可知，此处问的是为什么更女性化。故选A。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人们对女性语言的接受程度更高。A. charm魅力；B. professors教授；C. speech语言；D. participants参与者。根据下文“MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders,”尤其是句中的voice可知，是更倾向于女性语言。故选C。
40．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：MacDorman和他的团队分别给不同性别的人播放了男性和女性声音的片段，然后让他们选出自己喜欢的声音。A. accepted接受；B. misunderstood误解；C. studied研究；D. preferred更喜欢。根据下文“The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices.”可知，上文是要求辨认更喜欢哪种声音。故选D。
41．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：女性甚至表现出对女性做出反应的潜意识偏好;男性潜意识中保持中立。A. In practice实际上；B. On the contrary相反；C. By this means用这种方式；D. At first起初。根据上文“In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer.(在2011年的一篇论文中，他们报告称，女性和男性都认为女性的声音听起来更温暖)”可知，上下文之间用in practice最能衔接上下文。故选A。
42．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么有偏见？A. neutrality中立的；B. prejudice偏见；C. authority权威；D. conscience良心。根据上文调查更喜欢那种声音及下文“people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems.”可知，此处是问为什么有偏见。故选B。
43．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们想要技术来帮助我们，但我们也想成为它的老板，所以我们更有可能选择女性界面。A. interaction交流，互动；B. technology科技；C. personality个性；D. society社会。根据本句中的“ choose a female interface”可知，是使用科技帮助我们。故选B。
44．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势表明，企业将用女性的声音在更广泛的客户群体中留下更好的印象。A. more sociable更善社交的；B. more talented更多才的；C. broader更广泛的；D. wealthier更富有的。根据下文的“But not just any voice.”可知，是更广泛的客户。故选C。
45．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它必须符合品牌的个性。A. improve改善；B. develop发展；C. admire钦佩；D. suit适合，相配。根据上文的“But not just any voice.”及下文“For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its 11 of more than 100 voices.”可知，是要选择合适的声音来匹配公司的品牌。故选D。
46．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这方面，公司经常求助于Nuance Communications的营销、战略和业务发展副总裁格雷格·帕尔，他授权Nuance Communications拥有超过100种声音。A. market市场；B. business生意；C. research研究；D. library系列丛书（或磁带等），文库 。根据句中提到的公司“Nuance Communications(专门从事语音识别软件、图像处理软件及输入法软件研发、销售的公司)”可知，此处需用library。故选D。
47．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他听起来像一个高中英语老师——受过教育，乐于助人，但不专横。A. strange陌生的；B. bossy专横的；C. reliable可信赖的；D. unique独特的。根据下文的“That’s about right for a brand attempting to 13 guys ordering pies before the big game.”可知，使用男性的声音是为了吸引人们订购，因此，此处是指不专横。故选B。
48．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于一个试图吸引那些在大赛前就点派的人的品牌来说，这大概是正确的。A. appeal to吸引；B. look into调查；C. meet with遇见；D. run after追赶。根据上文的“He sounded like a high school English teacher — educated and helpful but not 12”可知，使用男性的声音是为了吸引顾客。故选A。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多设备已经允许用户自定义语音接口。A. educate教育；B. customize定做；C. leave离开；D. answer回答。根据下文的“For example, Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character, can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir”可知，很多设备是可以定做的。故选B。
50．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：果你肯花时间重新编程，Siri也可以成为“先生”。A. repeat重复；B. assist帮助；C. reprogram重编程序；D. communicate交流。根据下文的“Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful and female tone.”可知，此处的Siri是个女性，因此，如果想把她变成男性，需要重编程序。故选C。
51．D
52．B
53．C
54．A
55．C
56．B
57．D
58．B
59．C
60．A
61．B
62．D
63．C
64．D
65．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杜克大学和乔治城大学的研究人员发现，那些每天只收到三次通知的研究参与者表示，他们的情绪更好，工作效率更高，对手机的控制感也更强。文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程，以及一款名为Daywise的应用程序，可以设置手机每天的通知次数。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你被手机拴住了，而且不开心，你可以考虑在一天中设置接收智能手机的通知的间隔时间段，而不是一有消息就通知。A. spots地点；B. periods周期；C. lengths长度；D. intervals间隔。根据后文“ study participants who received notifications set to arrive only three times a day reported better moods”可知是建议设置接收手机通知的间隔时间段，故选D。
52．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：杜克大学和乔治城大学的研究人员发现，那些每天只收到三次通知的研究参与者表示，他们的情绪更好，工作效率更高，对手机的控制感也更强。A. standard标准；B. productivity生产率；C. pay支付；D. expectation期待。根据前后文语境“better moods, higher …, and greater feelings of control over their phones”可知，此处是在列举每天只接受三次通知的好处，包括情绪更好，工作效率更高，对手机的控制感也更强。后文“productive”也是提示。故选B。
53．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与那些照常收到通知的参与者和另一组完全没有收到通知的参与者相比，研究参与者解锁手机的频率也更低。A. exchange交换；B. replace取代；C. unlock解锁，开启；D. unfold打开。根据后文“their phones less often”可知因为设置了每天只接受三次通知，所以参与者解锁手机的频率也更低。故选C。
54．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者下载了研究人员开发的一款监管手机通知发送的安卓应用程序。A. delivery发送，交付；B. transfer转让；C. assignment任务；D. flow流动。根据后文“of phone notifications”可知是一款监管手机通知发送的安卓应用程序。故选A。
55．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者还被要求在每日日记中报告各种衡量标准，包括：注意力、分心、压力、焦虑、情绪、生产力、社会联系和工作乐趣——以及手机特有的后果：被通知打断的感觉、错过通知的感觉、对手机的控制感、回应他人的社会压力、手机过度使用和故意查看手机。A. strict严格的；B. distinct明显的；C. various多样的；D. dramatic戏剧的。根据后文“concentration, distraction, stress, anxiety, mood, productivity, social connectedness, and work enjoyment”可知衡量标准很多样。故选C。
56．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者还被要求在每日日记中报告各种衡量标准，包括：注意力、分心、压力、焦虑、情绪、生产力、社会联系和工作乐趣——以及手机特有的后果：被通知打断的感觉、错过通知的感觉、对手机的控制感、回应他人的社会压力、手机过度使用和故意查看手机。A. information信息；B. outcomes后果，产出；C. atmosphere气氛；D. motivations动机。结合后文“feeling of being interrupted by notifications, sense of missing out on notifications”可知是指手机对人产生的后果，故选B。
57．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：参与者还被要求在每日日记中报告各种衡量标准，包括：注意力、分心、压力、焦虑、情绪、生产力、社会联系和工作乐趣——以及手机特有的后果：被通知打断的感觉、错过通知的感觉、对手机的控制感、回应他人的社会压力、手机过度使用和故意查看手机。A. approve of赞成；B. compete with与……竞争；C. make out理解；D. respond to回答。根据前后文“social pressure to…others”结合常识，可知收到消息，意味着就要回复别人，所以是回应他人的社会压力。故选D。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与者被告知，他们可以随时打开各自的应用程序访问通知。A. operate操作；B. access访问，接近；C. unload卸货；D. maintain维持。根据后文“their notifications by opening individual apps”可知参与者可以随时打开各自的应用程序访问通知。故选B。
59．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：作者给出了他们的进一步解释，“换句话说，我们只控制了通知的传递，比如锁屏，而根本没有阻止消息被访问。”A. Above all首先；B. In addition此外；C. In other words换句话说；D. On the other hand另一方面。结合上文“And the authors give their further explanation”可知进一步解释，也就是“换句话说”。故选C。
60．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“与对照组(像往常一样通知)相比，每天通知三次的参与者感觉更专心、工作效率更高、心情更好，对手机的控制也更强。”研究人员还指出，这一组的压力水平也更低。A. attentive专心的；B. respectful恭敬的；C. distracted心烦意乱的；D. considerate体贴的。根据后文“productive”可知工作效率更高，说明每天通知三次的参与者更加专心。故选A。
61．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“相比之下，完全没有收到通知的参与者这些好处收获很少，但经历了更高程度的焦虑和‘害怕错过’(FoMO)。”A. seized抓住；B. harvested收获；C. offered提议；D. weighed衡量。根据后文“few of those benefits”可知是指收获好处。故选B。
62．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“相比之下，完全没有收到通知的参与者这些好处收获很少，但经历了更高程度的焦虑和‘害怕错过’(FoMO)。”A. sense感觉；B. delight高兴；C. intention意图；D. fear恐惧。结合上文“higher levels of anxiety and”以及后文“of missing out”可知没有收到通知的参与者高度焦虑且害怕错过消息。故选D。
63．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但目前Daywise只支持Android系统。A. responsible负责的；B. reliable可靠的；C. available可获得的；D. reversible可逆的。根据后文“on the Android platform so far”可知这种应用目前只能在Android系统上获得。故选C。
64．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：DayWise的开发者Ranjan Jagannathan表示:“与Android应用不同，iOS不允许第三方开发者细微控制通知。A. leading领导的；B. related有关系的；C. major主要的；D. third第三的。结合后文“developers to control notifications”以及常识，可知iOS系统通常不允许第三方开发者来控制手机通知。故选D。
65．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：除非我们能够足够灵活地做到这一点，否则我们将无法为iOS开发一个强大的Daywise版本。A. flexibly灵活地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. formally正式地；D. automatically自动地。结合后文“we will not be able to build a powerful version of Daywise for iOS.”可知，开发者除非能够灵活地做到控制iOS系统的通知，否则无法为iOS开发一个强大的Daywise版本。故选A。
66．C
67．A
68．B
69．D
70．A
71．B
72．C
73．C
74．B
75．A
76．C
77．C
78．B
79．D
80．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了互联网计算机对人类生产创造的意义，我们必须平衡好用互联网计算机被动消费和主动创造二者之间的关系。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它（互联网计算机）是第一台媒体机器，作为生产模式（你可以制作素材）、分配方式（你可以上传素材到网络）、接收站（你可以下载素材并与之互动）、表扬和批评地点（你可以评论你下载或上传的素材）。A. celebration庆祝；B. conversations会话；C. reception接收；D. ceremonies仪式。括号内所说的你可以下载素材并与之互动是互联网计算机的接收功能，故C项正确。
67．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，互联网计算机是21世纪的文化机器。A. Without doubt毫无疑问；B. In return作为回报；C. In particular尤其、特别；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文对互联网计算机四方面功能的介绍可知，这些功能使它毫无疑问地成为21世纪的文化机器，故A项正确。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但尽管有为计算机欢呼的种种理由，我们也必须谨慎行事。A. liberate释放；B. celebrate庆祝、欢呼；C. concern涉及；D. reject拒绝。上文提到的网络计算机的功能是我们为计算机欢呼的理由，故B项正确。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为互联网计算机在被动消费和主动创造、下载和上传之间展开了一场秘密战争，其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。A. request请求；B. support支持；C. defense防卫；D. creation创造。与“被动消费”相对的自然是“主动创造”，故D项正确。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用它们来创建多余的物质(绘画、雕塑和建筑)和多余的体验(音乐、文学、宗教和哲学) 。A. unique独特的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. efficient有效率的；D. loyal忠诚的。空前提到了所有的动物都会下载，但只有少数上传除了自己的脸和身体以外的东西，此处是人类与动物的比较，突出与其他动物相比，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，故A项正确。
71．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化，并最终定义了什么是人类。A. In addition此外；B. In fact事实上；C. For instance例如；D. By the way顺便问一下。上文说与其他动物相比，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，因此此处是说事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类，故B项正确。
72．考查动词词义辨析，句意：下载和消费文化需要高超的技巧，但如果不能超越下载的范畴，就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素。A. striving努力；B. comparing比较；C. failing未能；D. attempting尝试。上文说人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类，因此如果不能超越下载的范畴，就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素，故C项正确。
73．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们的新文化机器带来了各种可能性，但大多数人仍然停留在看电视带来的下载模式。A. optimistic about对……保持乐观；B. unfamiliar with对……不熟悉；C. stuck in陷入；D. ashamed of对……感到羞愧。根据空前表示让步的“Despite”可知，尽管我们的新文化机器带来了各种可能性，但大多数人仍然停留在看电视带来的下载模式上，故C项正确。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产的金字塔依然存在，一小部分人上传材料，一小部分人对内容进行评论或修改，还有很大一部分人只满足于消费。A. transformation转换；B. emergence出现；C. encounter遭遇；D. maintenance维护。根据空后的“of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains”可知，在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产的金字塔仍然存在，故B项正确。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. consume消费；B. neglect忽视；C. combine联合；D. innovate创新。根据空前的“a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just.”可知，一小部分人上传材料，一小部分人对内容进行评论或修改，而很大一部分人只满足于消费，故A项正确。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：互联网计算机提供了50年来第一次扭转人们看电视（消费）的机会，鼓励有思想的下载，更重要的是，有意义的上传。A. enhance加强；B. quicken加快；C. reverse颠倒、扭转；D. extend延伸。下文说计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化、从消费模式转变为生产模式的机会，因此此处是说互联网计算机扭转了50年来人们只是看电视的局面，故C项正确。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化、从消费模式转变为生产模式的机会。A. outcome结果；B. exposure暴露；C. break打破、间断；D. evolution演变。根据空后的“from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model.”可知，互联网计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化的机会，故C项正确。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：治疗方法现在就在我们的共同掌握之中。A. puzzle谜团；B. cure治疗、疗法；C. regret遗憾；D. favor偏袒。空前说五十年的电视统治产生了一种不健康的文化，因此此处指对这种不健康文化的治疗方法，故B项正确。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它包括控制我们的接收或下载，增加我们的活动上传水平。A. analyzing分析；B. maintaining维护；C. featuring以……为特色；D. increasing增加。要想利用互联网计算机进行更多的生产创造，自然是要增加上传，故D项正确。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，把联网计算机作为一个只能下载的设备，甚至是一个以下载为主的设备，历史证明这个机会就被浪费了。A. wasted浪费；B. treasured珍爱；C. multiplied增加；D. revised修正。空后说因此，目标必须是在消费和生产之间建立平衡，因此此处是说如果只用互联网计算机用来下载的话，那么这个机会就被浪费了，故A项正确。
【点睛】
本篇第7空难度较大，抓住上文对人类的独特之处的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Humans are ___5___ in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous( 过 剩 的 ) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). ___6___, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.”可知，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化和人类，因此如果不能超越下载的范畴（用互联网计算机创造多余的东西），就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素，故C项（failing）正确。
81．A
82．D
83．A
84．D
85．A
86．A
87．B
88．B
89．D
90．D
91．C
92．A
93．B
94．B
95．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以很难精确地界定一个健康的屏幕时间的量。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间（尤其是在社交媒体上）会造成伤害。但要弄清楚一个“健康”的量是多么的不容易。A. amount数量；B. comparison比较；C. experience经验；D. medium媒介。空前说人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间会造成伤害，再结合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一个健康的屏幕时间的量很不容易，故A项正确。
82．考查动词短语辨析。句意：社交媒体上的一些负面经历，比如担心自己的外貌与别人的比较，确实会影响一些孩子。A. accounting for导致；B. boasting of吹嘘；C. commenting on评述；D. worrying about担心。根据空后的“how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children.”可知，担心自己的外貌与别人的比较会对一些孩子造成影响，故D项正确。
83．考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着（数字）技术的普遍使用是有害的，而且很难断言它如何影响不同的人。A. in general通常、普遍；B. in particular特别、尤其；C. in private私下；D. in public当众。根据常识可知，数字技术是现代社会的人们普遍使用的，故A项正确。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想联合国儿童基金会所描述的关于数字技术对儿童心理安慰的影响的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社会生活。A. domestic国内的；B. material物质的；C. physical体力的；D. psychological心理的。根据空后的“including happiness, mental health and social life.”可知此处指“心理安慰”，故D项正确。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它没有说社交媒体有害，而是表明了一种更复杂的影响。A. complex复杂的；B. dramatic引人注目的；C. harmless无害的；D. predictable可预言的。根据下文对其研究发现的介绍可知，联合国儿童基金会的研究表明社交媒体对儿童的影响很复杂，故A项正确。
86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年中，增加使用电子产品的时间可能与提高舒适度有关，因为这对维持友谊很重要。A. improved改进的、提高的；B. maximum最大极限的；C. relative相关的；D. small小的。根据空后的“possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships.”可知，因为这对维持友谊很重要，所以对那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年来说，增加使用电子产品的时间会提高舒适度，故A项正确。
87．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，在使用科技产品最多的人群中，任何时间的增加都与舒适程度的降低有关。A. As a rule照例；B. In contrast相比之下、与此相反；C. On the whole大体上；D. Worse still更糟的是。根据语境可知，此处是与那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年的对比，故B项正确。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他一些高质量研究提供的证据进行更广泛的研究再次表明，这一说法并不能站得住脚。A. convincing令人信服的；B. definite一定的、确切的；C. probable可能的；D. true正确的。根据下文对2013年的一项早期研究结果的介绍可知，空前说的一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项正确。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是为数不多的追踪技术的影响随时间变化的研究之一。A. estimating评估；B. experiencing体验；C. reducing减少；D. tracing追踪。空前说2013年的一项早期研究调查了11000名英国5岁儿童的电视和视频游戏习惯两年后对他们的影响，这说明这项研究追踪了技术的影响随时间变化，故D项正确。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，玩电子游戏并没有被认为会导致更大的友谊或情感问题的风险。A. connection连接；B. power力量；C. promotion提升；D. risk风险。根据空后的“of friendship or emotional problems”可知此处指“友谊或情感问题的风险”，故D项正确。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么我们孩子的屏幕时间应该是多少呢？由于不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定。A. balanced平衡的；B. independent独立的；C. precise明确的、精确的；D. subjective主观的。不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定孩子健康的屏幕时间的量，故C项正确。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，人们都认为过多的糖对健康有害。A. agree同意；B. forget忘记；C. object反对；D. remember记得。根据空后的“that too much sugar can be bad for your health”可知，一般来说，人们都会同意过多的糖是对健康有害的，故A项正确。
93．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们不会轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人。A. equally平等地；B. readily容易地；C. reluctantly勉强；D. weakly无力地。空前说它可能产生的效果取决于从糖的种类到人以及糖的量等许多因素，所以我们不会再轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人，故B项正确。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体的使用也是如此：结果取决于如此多的因素，以至于只能粗略地预测。A. emotion therapy情绪疗法；B. social media社交媒体；C. TV broadcasting电视广告；D. video game视频游戏。本文主要讲的就是社交媒体的屏幕时间，故B项正确。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. confident自信的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. rough粗略的；D. wild荒凉的。社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以不能精确地说出一个健康的屏幕时间，只能是粗略地预测，故C项正确。
【点睛】
本篇第8空难度较大，抓住空后介绍的2013年的那项早期研究的结果是关键，根据“It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day.”可知，这项研究表明，与工作日看电视时间不超过一小时的儿童相比，每天看电视时间超过三小时的儿童的行为问题略有增加，这说明上文说的“一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康”这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项definite正确。