绝密★考试结束前
2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试
英语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What will David probably do next
A．Call his dad. B．Check his room. C．Write a report.
2．What is the final holiday plan of the woman’s family
A．Going surfing. B．Going cycling. C．Going hiking.
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．A city. B．A postcard. C．A business trip.
4．What is the woman doing
A．Trying on a blouse. B．Having an interview. C．Choosing a handbag.
5．What’s wrong with the man
A．He has a cold. B．He hurts his head. C．He coughs badly.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．Where are the speakers probably
A．In a hotel. B．At an airport. C．In a car.
7．How does the man like tomorrow’s plan
A．Disappointing. B．Boring. C．Exciting.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What did the woman help do in Ghana
A．Teach children at a school.
B．Build houses for the locals.
C．Care for wild animals.
9．What is the contact number of the volunteer programme
A．212-831-7172. B．212-831-7272. C．212-831-7372.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10．When was the interview supposed to start
A．At 7: 40 a. m. B．At 8: 00 a. m. C．At 8: 20 a. m.
11．Why was Bruce stopped by the boss
A．He failed to answer the question well.
B．The boss had to attend a meeting.
C．Someone called the boss.
12．What did the boss ask Bruce to do
A．Set out earlier next time.
B．Come again three days later.
C．Leave his personal information.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13．Where does Sally want to go
A．The zoo. B．The London Eye. C．The Covent Garden.
14．What is Billy interested in
A．Boats. B．Operas. C．Paintings.
15．What does the man advise the woman to do in Oxford Street
A．Do some shopping. B．Enjoy an opera. C．Visit her parents.
16．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Mother and son. B．Husband and wife. C．Guide and visitor.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．What is Ham interested in
A．Collecting glass bottles.
B．Building special houses.
C．Making things out of bottles.
18．Why did Ham decide to build the special house
A．Because of his kids’ encouragement.
B．Because of his second son’s death.
C．Because of his eldest son’s birth.
19．What is more interesting about the special house
A．It costs much less.
B．It is very strong.
C．It’s the only one in the world.
20．What did Ham do about the house
A．He donated it to an art gallery.
B．He used it as a wedding present.
C．He decorated it and lived in it.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Nurses are required in all areas of the medical field from hospitals and nursing homes to schools and the armed forces, heading to a great need of certified nurses. Here are some best universities for a degree in nursing.
Simmons College
Simmons College is a private women’s college founded in Boston in 1899. Nursing is the top major at the school as well as the most popular. The nursing graduates from Simmons make about $ 58, 000 every year.
Villanova University
Villanova University is a research university located in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the school is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania. Nursing is a popular major and is offered as an online degree as well. The nursing graduates from Villanova make about $ 63,000 every year.
University of California, Los Angeles
The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by a group of leaders in the medical field. The four-year program allows students to be qualified nurses through classroom learning and clinical training. A nursing degree from UCLA leads to positions in many hospitals and clinics, with a yearly income of about $ 84,000.
New York University
New York University attaches great importance to real-world experience. Along with taking classes in school, students mainly work in the health care environment receiving technical training Additionally, Nursing students of NYU College have the chance to study in Abu Dhabi, China and other countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. The education from NYU will prepare students to help doctors treat patients, earning a yearly income of about $ 86, 000.
21．If Nora has to look after her children at home, which university or college can she choose to get a nursing degree
A．Simmons College. B．Villanova University.
C．University of California, Los Angeles D．New York University.
22．What makes the UCLA School of Nursing famous
A．Its high-quality teaching. B．Its four-year program.
C．The clinical training it offers. D．The yearly income of graduates.
23．NYU College of Nursing focuses more attention on students’ __________
A．future income B．Learning environment
C．Practical training D．chance to study better
B
Microwave ovens provide an easy way to quickly heat food when hunger strikes. But does the convenience of microwave cooking come at the cost of losing nutrients of foods
The answer may surprise you.
Any kind of cooking method will result in some nutrient losses, so our concern is to what degree nutrients are damaged, explained Scott A．Rankin, professor and chair of the Department of Food Science at the University of Wisconsin-madison. “Typical microwave heating results in minimum losses of valuable nutrient losses in foods,” Rankin said.
The factors (因素) that affect nutrient losses in foods during cooking include time (the longer the food is cooked, the more nutrient loss); temperature (the more heat, the more losses); and the amount of liquid the food is cooked in (the more water, the more nutrient loss).
Microwave cooking sends out wavelengths that are absorbed by water molecules (分子) in food, which produce heat as they renosate (共振) with those wavelengths in food, Rankin explained. So heating food in a microwave often requires very little or no liquid at all.
Additionally, a conventional oven heats food from the outside in, so the surface of food can be exposed to extra heat by the time it reaches its target temperature, increasing the potential for nutrient loss. With microwave cooking, the temperature heats the food the same everywhere, so the point at which the food has reached the desired temperature is achieved with little nutrient damage, Rankin said.
Steaming in the microwave is preferable to sinking foods in water, which can result in a loss of nutrients. “You can use a microwave steaming plate with water in the bottom, or simply add your vegetables and a small amount of water to a microware-safe bowl and cover with microwave-safe plastic wrap, leaving one comer open to allow air to escape,” said Whitney Linsenmeyer, a registered dietitian and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Whether you choose microwaving or conventional cooking methods, keep your cooking temperature low when possible. It's also best to use methods that require least added liquid, Linsenmeyer said.
24．In what aspect are microwave ovens different from conventional ones
A．Their heating principle B．Their wavelengths.
C．Their electric components. D．Their outside looks.
25．What does Rankin suggest in cooking
A．Wrapping the food with paper or plastic.
B．Focusing or the degree of nutrient loss.
C．Sinking the food in a microwave-safe bowl.
D．Steaming the container at a high temperature.
26．How is Paragraph 6 developed
A．By offering suggestions. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparison. D．By drawing a conclusion.
27．Which cooking method will damage more nutrients of food
A．Starring with conventional ovens. B．Shortening cooking time.
C．Keeping the plate dry. D．Lowering cooking temperature.
C
The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the wellbeing of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices (设备) set up along the river collect and transmit information to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions.
One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick response,” Wang said.
“In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiao from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.”
And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches (未雨绸缪), ”said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river.
28．What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River
A．To conduct historical research.
B．To create a virtual tourist attraction.
C．To raise public awareness of river protection.
D．To improve flood control and prevention efforts.
29．How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance
A．They record water quality.
B．They improve the river’s beauty.
C．They monitor and report dike movements.
D．They serve as markers for important locations.
30．What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River
A．Entertaining tourists. B．Collecting information on dike conditions.
C．Patrolling and take wildlife photos. D．Testing water quality.
31．What does the under lined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Complete. B．Basic. C．Beautiful. D．Natural.
D
Do you know about bioplastic (生物塑料) It is a kind of plastic. But it is different. Normal plastic is made from chemical materials and takes a very long time to degrade (降解). But bioplastic is good for the environment. It is made by using bacteria (细菌) to process natural sources like vegetable oils, corn or sugar. It can degrade more easily.
But there is a problem with bioplastic. The “food” that bacteria eat is also what we eat. This means that bacteria are competing against humans for the same resources.
Now scientists have found a new way to make bioplastic using two kinds of bacteria and sunlight, according to Newsweek.
One of the bacteria is called synthetic cyanobacteria (合成蓝藻), which can use sunlight to produce sugar. The other kind is Halomonas boliviensis (玻利维亚盐单胞菌), which lives in the salty waters of Bolivia. It eats the sugar that the first bacteria produce and then it can produce polymers (聚合物). Polymers are used to create bioplastics. The way the bacteria store polymers is similar to how humans store fats.
Producing bioplastic with these two bacteria has many advantages. It is 20 times faster than the normal way we produce bioplastic. Also, using these two bacteria saves resources.
First, producing large amounts of bioplastic requires corn and sugar, which are used to feed normal bacteria. And growing corn and sugar needs farmland. But these two special bacteria can just use sunlight. The land that is saved can be used to grow food for humans.
Besides, this process doesn’t need rich land or clean water at all, scientists said to Newsweek.
The next challenge scientists face is that they want to put their lab research into real-world practice. By doing this, bioplastic made with these two bacteria can be widely produced in the future.
32．What’s special about the bioplastic compared to normal plastic
A．It is easier to transport. B．It is easier to degrade.
C．It produces no waste. D．It uses more materials.
33．What problem can bioplastic cause
A．Humans might have less food to eat.
B．It helps spread harmful bacteria.
C．People are afraid to use bioplastic.
D．It leads to the overuse of chemical materials.
34．What advantages can the new way of making bioplastic have
A．It only requires farmland. B．It saves time and resources.
C．It helps kill harmful bacteria. D．Its process produces lots of fats.
35．What is the main idea of the text
A．Bacteria can be environmentally friendly.
B．Bacteria are competing with humans for resources.
C．Scientists introduced a new way to fight bacteria.
D．Scientists invented a better way of producing bioplastic.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Keeping Awake in Class
If you want to keep awake during class, sleep the night before your class. Students who doze (打瞌睡) in class often missed sleep the night before. Getting enough sleep is your first line of defense when it comes to staying awake in class. 36 For most people, eight hours of sleep is enough to get through the day, but your body may require more.
37 This will train your body to know when it needs to be asleep and when it is time to wake up. Allow yourself time to relax before heading to bed by putting away your phone, homework, and other things that keep your mind active. Getting enough high-quality sleep can help you.
Another way is to take a shower before class. 38 The warm water from your shower raises your body temperature. This also increases your heart rate so your blood travels around your body faster. Finally, it helps deliver oxygen to your important organs so your body can work at the best level of efficiency.
39 When your body is exposed to cold water, your blood will flow at a higher pressure, meaning that your circulation (循环) is even further increased. The cold water will also help wake you up because it will shock your body, forcing you to breathe more deeply. 40 And thus you will be more mentally sharp.
A．Having a warm meal also works.
B．This will increase your oxygen intake.
C．Read your favourite books before sleep.
D．This helps you feel refreshed and awakens your senses.
E．For some extra energy, finish your shower with cold water.
F．Make sure to get enough sleep if you have a class the next day.
G．Keep a regular sleep schedule by going to bed at the same time each night.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A man was visiting a zoo. As he was passing the 41 , he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that each of these 42 creatures was being held by only a small 43 tied to their front leg. It was 44 that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their 45 but, for some reason, they did not.
He saw a 46 nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and made no attempt to 47 . “Well,” the trainer said, “when they were very 48 , we would use the same size rope to 49 them. At that age, it’s enough to hold them. As they grow up, they still believe the rope can still hold them 50 they never try to break free.”
The man was 51 . These animals could at any time break free from their bonds, but because they believed they couldn’t, they never 52 to escape. Like the elephants, how many of us go through life hanging on to a 53 that we cannot do something, simply because we failed in it once before 54 is part of learning. We should never give up the 55 in life.
41．A．horses B．elephants C．monkeys D．tigers
42．A．huge B．furry C．strange D．sick
43．A．chain B．wire C．rope D．ring
44．A．dangerous B．important C．impossible D．obvious
45．A．bonds B．guards C．work D．habitat
46．A．cleaner B．driver C．trainer D．manager
47．A．give in B．get away C．show up D．calm down
48．A．tired B．quiet C．excited D．young
49．A．hunt B．beat C．tie D．threaten
50．A．so B．unless C．but D．though
51．A．moved B．amazed C．pleased D．annoyed
52．A．hesitated B．promised C．refused D．intended
53．A．fact B．habit C．belief D．dream
54．A．Loneliness B．Failure C．Support D．Friendship
55．A．struggle B．plan C．job D．freedom
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Dressed in long robes, a crowd of young people wanders around royal gardens, with their flowing sleeves (衣袖) 56 (gentle) swaying in the breeze. They are not actors nor actresses in a movie set, but Hanfu fans in a themed event held in Beijing.
“Over a decade ago, Hanfu fashion was a subculture, but relevant 57 (activity) often draw thousands of participants these days,” said Liu Xiang, an organizer of the event.
Hanfu, 58 was a traditional style of clothing 59 (wear) by the Han people, nowadays enjoys a growing 60 (popular) among young Chinese people, including Liu. Liu is a co-founder of a Hanfu community in Beijing. This community, called Hua Yan Hui, 61 (found) in 2011 following a Hanfu revival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire 62 (express) national identity. Since then, Liu has been volunteering to support the group.
“My passion 63 Hanfu came from two of my friends who love traditional Chinese clothing,” Liu said. Her interest grew as she learned more about 64 culture behind it and acquired her first Hanfu costume. Currently, more and more young people wear the adjusted Hanfu with the belief 65 the best way to preserve tradition is to adapt it to modern life.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66．假设你是校刊编辑李华，近期收到一封署名为Anxiety的求助信。在信中该同学表示由于考试临近，压力剧增。请用英文给该同学回信，内容要点如下：
1. 表示安慰； 2. 提出建议；3. 表达祝愿。
注意：词数80左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
67．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The cost of a smile
Kathy was a young woman in her 20’s who worked in a small restaurant as a waitress. One day, as she went about her shift with her usual angry look, a kind old man walked in and sat down at the counter. He read the menu and politely told her what he wanted.
Kathy took his order and yelled, “Your food will be ready soon.” As she turned to leave, the man said, “A smile costs nothing”. Kathy rolled her eyes at him and walked away.
She brought his order, cleared his plates, and gave him the bill, for which he left a nice tip.
Each time the old man saw her, he smiled and thanked her. This only made her angrier.
A week went by, and every day the man came for lunch and the same thing happened. And each time Kathy took his order he would say, “A smile costs nothing.”
But a week later, Kathy picked up a menu, wrote the words “1 SMILE … $20" at the bottom, and placed it on the counter for the kind old man to see.
He came, and Kathy waited for his reaction as he read the menu. The old man ordered his usual and added, “… and a smile, if you don’t mind”. Kathy was so surprised. She laughed out loud, “Now, now …” The man jokingly scolded. “I ordered a smile, not a laugh”. So Kathy put on a bright smile and said, “Coming right up, sir.” And to her surprise, he left $20 tip!
A few years went by, and the two bonded like family. Charlie, the kind old man, was a retired manager whose wife passed away long ago. He spent most of his time at home, with the exception of his frequent restaurant visits. Every day Kathy spent her break talking to him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
One day he didn’t come to the restaurant. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Several days after the funeral(葬礼), Kathy received a very important-looking letter in the mail.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A
【原文】M: Hi, Mum. Could you check if I have left my report in my room
W: Sorry, David, I’m out now. Your dad drove you to school this morning. You can call him.
M: OK.
2．B
【原文】M: Do you have any plans for the holiday
W: The children want to go cycling but their father wants to go surfing. And I’d like to go hiking. We’ve decided to follow the children’s choice.
3．B
【原文】W: It never occurred to me that you would bother to send me a postcard from Moscow during your business trip. Thank you.
M: I posted it on my second day in Moscow. And I hope you’ll like it.
4．A
【原文】W: How do I look in the blouse
M: Not bad. Does it feel all right
W: Er, a bit tight around here.
M: I really like the colour. It matches your handbag.
5．C
【原文】W: Good morning. Is there anything I can do for you
M: I have a bad cough and I want to see a doctor now.
6．B 7．C
【原文】W: Good afternoon, sir! Welcome to Beijing. I’m your guide from Sunshine Tour Agency. Did you enjoy your flight
M: Not too bad. I just feel a bit tired. Shall we go to the hotel right now
W: Yeah. It’s just about two kilometres from here.
M: That’s good. By the way, what’s the plan for my trip
W: We are going to visit the Great Wall first tomorrow morning.
W: So you still have a chance, don’t you
M: Great. I’ve been looking forward to seeing the great wonder.
8．C 9．B
【原文】M: Have you ever participated in any volunteer programmes
W: Yes. It’s a programme in Ghana. I spent most of my time taking care of wild animals. It’s a good chance to experience the country’s natural surroundings.
M: What else can participants do
W: They can also volunteer in primary schools, help build houses for the locals and grow farm produce.
M: Do you know their contact number
W: Yes, 212-831-7272.
M: Thank you. I’ll try.
10．B 11．B 12．C
【原文】W: Bruce, you don’t look very happy. What happened
M: I went to an interview today, but it didn’t go very well.
W: How come
M: I was caught in a traffic jam this morning and I was 20 minutes late for the interview. When I got to the place, it was already 8: 20.
W: Why didn’t you set out earlier You know the rush hour in our city is 7: 30. Did the boss give you an interview
M: Yes, but when I answered the second question, he stopped me.
W: Why
M: He said he had to attend a meeting right away. Luckily, he told me I could leave my personal information, and if he decided to hire me, he would call me three days later.
M: Maybe.
W: Don’t worry. You’ve always been very lucky.
13．B 14．A 15．A 16．B
【原文】W: Gerry, come and look at the information pack for our trip to London.
M: There are so many things to do, Penny. I don’t know where to start.
W: Well, why don’t we start with the kids I don’t think Sally would like the zoo. She always feels sorry for the animals, but she’s been asking about the London Eye for weeks, so we have to go there.
M: You’re right. What about Billy He loves boats, so it’s either the Thames or the zoo.
W: Definitely the Thames for Billy. What about an opera at Covent Garden for your parents
M: That would be great. So you don’t want to go shopping in Oxford Street then
W: Which page is that on Wow! This looks fantastic. There are so many great shops in Oxford Street. Will you come with me
M: I’ll come if you really want me to, dear.
17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B
【原文】
W: A Russian man named Ham has always been interested in constructing things out of glass bottles. Not long ago, he built a unique house which was built almost entirely of wine bottles. His children had always admired his work. They encouraged him to build a house someday. But he always thought it was impossible. When Ham lost his second son, who passed away at the age of 18, he finally decided to build the house in the boy’s memory. So he started the search for suitable materials. To construct the 99-square-metre house, Ham spent about three years collecting over 12,000 empty bottles. Ham believes that the house is quite strong and expected to stand for at least 100 years! In fact, he has built it in such a way that if some of the bottles break, they can easily be replaced. More interestingly, the house cost five times less than it would cost to build a house with regular materials. But Ham says he wasn’t thinking about the money. He just wanted to build the house in the way his son wanted. Ham gave away his piece of work to his eldest son as a wedding present. His daughter-in-law is quite proud of the house, and says she can’t wait to decorate it.
21．B 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。从医院和疗养院到学校和军队，医疗领域的所有领域都需要护士，这就导致了对合格护士的巨大需求。这篇文章介绍了一些提供护理学位最好的大学。
21．细节理解题。根据Villanova University中“Nursing is a popular major and is offered as an online degree as well. The nursing graduates from Villanova make about $63,000 every year.(护理是一个很受欢迎的专业，也提供在线学位。维拉诺瓦的护理专业毕业生年薪约为6.3万美元)”可知，如果诺拉必须在家照顾孩子，她可以选择Villanova University大学获得护理学位。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据University of California, Los Angeles中“The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by a group of leaders in the medical field.(加州大学洛杉矶分校护理学院以其在医学领域的杰出教育而闻名)”可知，其高质量的教学使加州大学洛杉矶分校护理学院闻名遐迩。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据University of California, Los Angeles中“The four-year program allows students to be qualified nurses through classroom learning and clinical training.(四年的课程让学生通过课堂学习和临床培训成为合格的护士)”可知，纽约大学护理学院更加注重学生的实践训练。故选C。
24．A 25．B 26．C 27．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现微波加热可以使食物中有价值的营养素损失降到最低。文章同时比较了微波炉加热和传统烤箱的加热原理，来说明传统烤箱更容易造成影响烹饪过程中食物营养的流失。同时说明无论你选择微波或传统的烹饪方法，保持你的烹饪温度低，最好使用添加液体最少的方法。
24．细节理解题。根据第五段Microwave cooking sends out wavelengths that are absorbed by water molecules in food, which produce heat as they renosate with those wavelengths in food, Rankin explained. （兰金解释说，微波烹饪发出的波长被食物中的水分子吸收，当这些水分子与食物中的波长重新融合时，就会产生热量。）以及第六段中Additionally, a conventional oven heats food from the outside in, so the surface of food can be exposed to extra heat by the time it reaches its target temperature, increasing the potential for nutrient loss. （此外，传统的烤箱是从外面往里加热食物，所以当食物达到目标温度时，表面会暴露在额外的热量下，增加了营养流失的可能性。）可知微波炉的加热原理与传统的烤炉不同。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Typical microwave heating results in minimum losses of valuable nutrient losses in foods,” Rankin said.（Rankin说:“典型的微波加热使食物中有价值的营养素损失降到最低。”）可知Rankin主要看重营养流失的程度。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第六段主要内容为解释传统的烤箱的加热原理，与第五段介绍微波炉的加热原理形成对比。故第六段主要通过比较展开的。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第六段中Additionally, a conventional oven heats food from the outside in, so the surface of food can be exposed to extra heat by the time it reaches its target temperature, increasing the potential for nutrient loss. （此外，传统的烤箱是从外面往里加热食物，所以当食物达到目标温度时，表面会暴露在额外的热量下，增加了营养流失的可能性。）可知用传统的烤箱会破坏食物的营养。故选A。
28．D 29．C 30．B 31．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。
28．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. (洪水的控制和预防一直是生活在这条河上的人们幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字孪生体来更好地解决这些问题。)”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。故选D。
29．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. (它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的运动。)”可知，智能石头监测和报告堤防的运动。故选C。
30．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. (在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程。)”可知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选B。
31．词句猜测题。由文章最后一段中“Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction (水下和空中，情报系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面。根据水利部的说法，在未来，我们可以期待看到这条重要河流的建设)”可知，水下和空中，情报系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面，希望在未来，可以看到这条重要河流的更全面的数字系统的建设。由此猜测，划线词意为“全面的”。A. Complete完整的，全面的；B. Basic基础的；C. Beautiful美丽的；D. Natura自然的。故选A。
32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们发明了一种更好的生产生物塑料的方法。
32．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“But it is different. Normal plastic is made from chemical materials and takes a very long time to degrade (降解). But bioplastic is good for the environment. It is made by using bacteria (细菌) to process natural sources like vegetable oils, corn or sugar. It can degrade more easily. (普通塑料是由化学材料制成的，需要很长时间才能降解。但生物塑料对环境有益。它是用细菌加工植物油、玉米或糖等天然原料制成的。它更容易降解。)”可知，与普通塑料相比，生物塑料更容易降解。故选B。
33．推理判断题。由文章第二段“But there is a problem with bioplastic. The “food” that bacteria eat is also what we eat. This means that bacteria are competing against humans for the same resources. (但是生物塑料有一个问题。细菌吃的“食物”也是我们吃的。这意味着细菌正在与人类争夺同样的资源。)”可知，生物塑料会引起人类可吃的食物可能会减少。故选A。
34．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“Producing bioplastic with these two bacteria has many advantages. It is 20 times faster than the normal way we produce bioplastic. Also, using these two bacteria saves resources. (用这两种细菌生产生物塑料有很多优点。这比我们生产生物塑料的正常方式快20倍。此外，使用这两种细菌可以节省资源。)”可知，制造生物塑料的新方法节省了时间和资源。故选B。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Now scientists have found a new way to make bioplastic using two kinds of bacteria and sunlight, according to Newsweek. (据《新闻周刊》报道，科学家们发现了一种利用两种细菌和阳光制造生物塑料的新方法。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们发明了一种更好的生产生物塑料的方法。故选D。
36．F 37．G 38．D 39．E 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在课堂上保持清醒的几点建议。
36．根据前文“Getting enough sleep is your first line of defense when it comes to staying awake in class. (充足的睡眠是你在课堂上保持清醒的第一道防线。)”可知，本段强调的是充足的睡眠对上课保持清醒的重要性。F选项“Make sure to get enough sleep if you have a class the next day. (如果你第二天有课，一定要保证充足的睡眠。)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选F。
37．根据后文“This will train your body to know when it needs to be asleep and when it is time to wake up. (这会训练你的身体知道什么时候该睡觉，什么时候该起床。)”可知，本段介绍的是要养成规律的睡眠的时间。G选项“Keep a regular sleep schedule by going to bed at the same time each night. (保持有规律的睡眠时间，每晚在同一时间上床睡觉。)”能引起下文，符合题意，故选G。
38．根据前文“Another way is to take a shower before class. (另一种方法是上课前洗个澡。)”可知，本段介绍的是上课前洗个澡对保持清醒的好处作用。D选项“This helps you feel refreshed and awakens your senses. (这能帮助你神清气爽，唤醒你的感官。)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选D。
39．根据后文“When your body is exposed to cold water, your blood will flow at a higher pressure, meaning that your circulation (循环) is even further increased. (当你的身体暴露在冷水中时，你的血液会以更高的压力流动，这意味着你的循环会进一步增加。)”可知，本段描介绍的是冷水的作用。E选项“For some extra energy, finish your shower with cold water. (为了获得额外的能量，用冷水洗澡。)”能引起下文，符合题意，故选E。
40．根据前文“ The cold water will also help wake you up because it will shock your body, forcing you to breathe more deeply. (冷水也会唤醒你，因为它会刺激你的身体，迫使你做更深的呼吸。)”可知，冷水也可以使你增加氧气的吸入量。B选项“This will increase your oxygen intake. (这将增加你的氧气摄入量。)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选B。
41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．A 51．B 52．D 53．C 54．B 55．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过大象小时候在腿上捆上绳子，长大后就永远不再挣脱的事例，说明了人生中不应该因为一次的失败，就永远放弃奋斗。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他经过大象群时，他突然停了下来，这些庞然大物的前腿上只捆着一根小绳子，这让他很困惑。A. horses马；B. elephants大象；C. monkeys猴子；D. tigers老虎。根据后文“the elephants”可知，他经过大象群。故选B项。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. huge巨大的；B. furry毛皮的；C. strange奇怪的；D. sick病的。根据语境和后文“by only a small 3 tied to their front leg”可知，对应后文small，此处应用huge，表示大象有庞大的身躯。故选A项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. chain链子；B. wire电线；C. rope绳子；D. ring指环。根据后文“we would use the same size rope to 9 them”可知，捆在大象腿上的是绳子。故选C项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，大象随时都可以挣脱束缚，但由于某种原因，它们没有这样做。A. dangerous危险的；B. important重要的；C. impossible不可能的；D. obvious明显的。根据前文“each of these 2 creatures was being held by only a small 3 tied to their front leg”和后文“the elephants could, at any time, break away from their 5 ”可知，大象如此大的身躯，用一个小小的绳子捆着，大象想挣脱就随时能挣脱，这是很明显的。故选D项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. bonds纽带；B. guards防护；C. work工作；D. habitat栖息地。根据语境和后文（最后一段中）“These animals could at any time break free from their bonds”可知，大象随时可以挣脱束缚。故选A项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到附近的驯兽师，就问为什么这些动物只是站在那里，不试图逃跑。A. cleaner清洁工；B. driver司机；C. trainer驯兽师；D. manager经理。根据后文“asked why these animals just stood there and made no attempt to 7 .”可知，关于大象，他要问他不懂的问题，所以应该问的是驯兽师。故选C项。
47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. give in屈服；B. get away逃脱；C. show up出现；D. calm down镇静下来。根据前文“the elephants could, at any time, break away from their 5 but, for some reason, they did not”可知，他想问的是：大象随时能挣脱束缚，但是为什么不会逃脱呢？故选B项。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它们很小的时候，我们会用同样大小的绳子把它们捆起来。A. tired疲劳的；B. quiet安静的；C. excited激动的；D. young年轻的。根据前文“As they grow up, they still believe the rope can still hold them”可知，当它们小的时候捆的绳子，等到它们长大了，还认为那绳子能束缚住它们。故选D项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hunt打猎；B. beat打；C. tie捆；D. threaten威胁。根据前文“we would use the same size rope”可知，要用绳子捆住大象。故选C项。
50．考查连词词义辨析。句意：当他们长大后，他们仍然相信绳子仍然可以束缚他们，所以他们从来没有试图挣脱。A. so因此；B. unless除非；C. but但是；D. though虽然。后文“they never try to break free”和前文是因果关系。故选A项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那人感到很惊奇。A. moved感动的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. pleased高兴的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据前文“These animals could at any time break free from their bonds, but because they believed they couldn’t, they never 12 to escape.”可知，大象随时可以挣脱却从来不想挣脱，这是令人惊奇的。故选B项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些动物随时都可以挣脱束缚，但因为它们认为自己做不到，所以它们从来没有想过要逃跑。A. hesitated犹豫；B. promised承诺；C. refused拒绝；D. intended打算。根据前文“because they believed they couldn’t”可知，因为它们认为自己做不到，所以就不打算去做了。故选D项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像大象一样，我们中有多少人一生都坚信自己做不到某件事，仅仅是因为曾经失败过一次？A. fact事实；B. habit习惯；C. belief相信；D. dream梦想。根据后文“that we cannot do something”以及“because we failed in it once before”可知，因为曾经失败过一次，所以就相信自己永远做不到。故选C项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是学习的一部分。A. Loneliness孤独；B. Failure失败；C. Support支持；D. Friendship友谊。根据前文“we cannot do something, simply because we failed in it once before”可知，作者得出教训：失败是学习的一部分，不能因一次失败，就永远放弃。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不应该放弃生活中的奋斗。A. struggle奋斗；B. plan计划；C. job工作；D. freedom自由。根据前文“we cannot do something, simply because we failed in it once before”可知，作者得出教训：不能因一次失败，就永远放弃生活中的奋斗。故选A项。
56．gently 57．activities 58．which 59．worn 60．popularity 61．was founded 62．to express 63．for 64．the 65．that
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了汉服现在在中国越来越受年轻人的欢迎，而且年轻人对汉服的这种热爱体现了我们的文化自信。
56．考查副词。句意：一群年轻人穿着长袍，在皇家花园中漫步，他们飘逸的袖子在微风中轻轻摇曳。由副词修饰动词可知。此处为副词gently修饰动词swaying。故填gently。
57．考查名词复数形式。句意：十多年前，汉服时尚是一种亚文化，但现在相关活动经常吸引成千上万的参与者，”活动组织者刘翔说。分析句子可可知，空处用名词作主语，根据句意活动不止一次，用复数。故填activities。
58．考查定语从句。句意：汉服是汉人的一种传统服装，如今在包括刘在内的中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Hanfu在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：汉服是汉人的一种传统服装，如今在包括刘在内的中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰clothing，clothing和worn为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填worn。
60．考查名词。句意：汉服是汉人的一种传统服装，如今在包括刘在内的中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处应用名词popularity作宾语，由a growing popularity意为“越来越受欢迎”。故填popularity。
61．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个名为“华严会”的社团是在2011年汉服复兴运动兴起后成立的，该运动源于文化自信的增强和表达民族认同的愿望。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，community和found为被动关系，结合上下文时态以及in 2011可知，此处应为过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was founded。
62．考查动词不定式。句意：这个名为“华严会”的社团是在2011年汉服复兴运动兴起后成立的，该运动源于文化自信的增强和表达民族认同的愿望。the desire to do“做……的欲望”，故用不定式作定语修饰desire。故填to express。
63．考查介词。句意：我对汉服的热情来自于我的两个喜欢中国传统服装的朋友。passion for“对……的热情”是固定短语。故填for。
64．考查冠词。句意：随着她对汉服背后的文化了解越来越多，她的兴趣也越来越浓厚，并获得了她的第一套汉服。根据句意可知，此处特指“汉服文化”，为特指概念。故填the。
65．考查同位语从句。句意：目前，越来越多的年轻人穿着经过调整的汉服，他们认为保存传统的最好方法是使其适应现代生活。分析句子可知，此处为连词that引导的同位语从句，对抽象名词belief的解释和说明。故填that。
66．Dear Anxiety,
I’m sorry to know that you are experiencing a tough time now. Actually, everyone will encounter such a period when they are under great pressure, so there is no need to worry too much.
In my opinion, sharing your feelings with your friends is a wise choice as you can remove your negative emotions. Another effective suggestion is that you should take more physical exercise, which can lift your spirit. Also, keep an optimistic attitude towards life about your future.
I hope my advice will be of benefit to you. May you get rid of your trouble soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的建议信。要求考生为一位同学写一封回信，就其考试前焦虑提供一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
经历：experience→ go through
事实上：actually → in fact
在我看来：in my opinion → from my point of view
有益的：be of benefit→ be beneficial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Also, keep an optimistic attitude towards life about your future.
拓展句：Keep an optimistic attitude towards life about your future, which also works.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to know that you are experiencing a tough time now.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】In my opinion, sharing your feelings with your friends is a wise choice as you can remove your negative emotions.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
67．One day he didn't come to the restaurant. Kathy couldn't concentrate on her work the whole day. Even when the restaurant was going to close, Charlie didn't show up, and she was trapped in anxiety. After work, Kathy hurried to Charlie's home, only to be told by his neighbors that he had passed away last night. Not until then did she know that he had fought against cancer alone during the past years. Kathy couldn't trust her ears when she heard this. At Charlie's funeral, the happy memories with Charlie kept flashing in her mind.
Several days after the funeral, Kathy received a very important-looking letter in the mail. She opened the letter with her hands shaking slightly. At the sight of the familiar handwriting, tears welled up in Kathy's eyes. Charlie expressed his gratitude for her company these years. It suddenly dawned on Kathy that with the help of Charlie, she transformed from the previous angry-looking waitress to a smiling girl. Only then did she realize the true meaning of smile: bring others warmth and company.
【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了Kathy是个爱生气的女服务员，某天一位老人来餐馆吃饭，点完菜告诉她“微笑不花钱”，让Kathy更生气了。后来那个人每天都来吃午饭，每次Kathy为他点菜时，他都说：“微笑不用花钱。”到后来Kathy终于露出了微笑。几年过去了，他们也成为了朋友，这位善良的老人名叫Charlie，是一位退休的经理，他的妻子很久以前就去世了。除了经常去餐馆之外，他大部分时间都呆在家里。Kathy每天的休息时间都和他聊天。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：有一天他没有来餐厅。所以后文应该是讲述Kathy去Charlie家寻找他，却被告知Charlie昨晚去世了，他过去几年一直独自与癌症作斗争。听到这些，Kathy不敢相信自己的耳朵。在Charlie的葬礼上，和Charlie在一起的美好回忆不断在她脑海中闪现。
第二段开头是：葬礼后几天，Kathy收到一封信，看上去很重要。本段应该写信上的内容，信是Charlie写的，Charlie对她这些年来的陪伴表示感谢。Kathy突然意识到，在Charlie的帮助下，她从以前看起来生气的女服务员变成了一个微笑的女孩。她才意识到微笑的真正含义：给别人带来温暖和陪伴。
续写内容要符合逻辑，本篇主要用一般过去时，还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：concentrate on；show up；anxiety；only to；not until；dawn on；well up等高级词汇；Not until then did she know that he had fought against cancer alone during the past years.运用了倒装句；She opened the letter with her hands shaking slightly.运用with的复合结构等高级句式。
