中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题七 语法填空
语法填空题主要通过语篇，在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力和篇章的整体理解能力。这一题型既要求学生熟知英语句子结构的语法特点和完整性，又要求学生通过对短文的阅读和理解，根据上下文的意思，填出答案保证文章传递的意义通顺、流畅，并合乎逻辑。因此，语法填空题要求考生具备理解语篇内容、分析句子结构、熟练运用语法、正确拼写单词以及逻辑推理等综合能力。所以说，语法填空题能更科学地测试学生的英语综合运用能力。
分析2019-2023年近五年浙江杭州中考语法填空题型考向分布。
年份 题目类型考察频次
名词 不定式 动词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 冠词 代词 数词 状语从句 定语从句 宾语从句
2019 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2020 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2021 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2022 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2023 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
语法填空题的考查形式是在一篇150~200个词的语篇中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求学生阅读短文，按照句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
考查项目尽量广泛，每一空可能考查一个不同的语法项目，10个空有可能涉及10个语法考点，至少也有7个语法考点。尽管一些语法项目(如动词时态、非谓语动词、连接词等)非常重要，但也尽量不重复考查，具体考查内容如下：
1.给出动词的基本形态，填写词性、词形转换(转换为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分(可能需要填写两个或三个词)，或是填写非谓语动词。
2.给出形容词，填写比较级、最高级，或填写词性、词形转换(转换为副词、名词)，或者填写反义词(前缀)。
3.给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词。
4.给出名词，填写词性或词形转换。
5.给出基数词，填写序数词。
6.不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词等。
1.整体理解
通读全文，弄清该文的体裁、题材，理解其大意、段落层次等逻辑关系。
2.把握逻辑
根据上下文的逻辑关系和习惯搭配，在空白处写出所缺的单词。
结合语法
分析句子的语法结构和特征，确定括号中所给单词在句子中的适当形式。
4.先易后难
遇到一时无法确定的题目，不要花费太多的时间停留在一个题目上。可能后面的内容会给出提示，或者在检查时进一步联系上下文进行推理。
做题小技巧：
1、提示性填空：
试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，是这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其他词。究竟是几个单词，没有严格规定，所以考查不定式和被动语态时可以填写两至三个词。
主要考查实词，如动词(包括时态、语态和非谓语动词等)、名词(包括名词单复数、所有格等)、形容词和副词(包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化)，以及代词(包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等)。
2、自由性填空：
试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填人一个恰当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。考查主要集中在冠词、代词、介词、连词和关系词等几个方面。
要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。
所填词位于句首时，单词第一个字母要大写。
对学生来说，这一题型具有极大的挑战性。它要求学生必须对整个语篇有总体的把握，然后在根据上下文的逻辑关系的基础上确定每个空所需的信息。懈题时学生既需要有充足的词汇量、固定搭配知识储备，又需要对语法知识有清晰的理解和掌握，更需要有正确的解题技巧。
【真题在线】
2019年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
The eco-house
Simon Dale didn't want to live in a city's apartment building. So he made up his mind 51________ (build) his own home in the countryside. He moved to Wales with his family and built a wooden eco-house. With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a52 ________ (comfort) new home after only four months.53________only cost $4,700 to build the house.
The eco-house is made of natural 54________ (material). Simon Dale and his father-in-law 55________ (dig) into the side of a hill and then used the mud and stone to make the walls. The floors56 ________ (make) from wood from the nearby area. The design is open-plan. There is no central heating,57________ there's a wood-burner and solar panels (太阳能电板) on the top 58________can provide power for lighting, music and computing. Drinking water is from a nearby spring. The fridge stays cool, thanks 59________ air from under the ground. Simon Dale says, "We try to live in peace with the natural world." He has 60________ (certain) done his best to achieve that.
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
A doctor in the family!
After
studying for a long time, my brother has now graduated and we are very (luck) to have a doctor in the family! My
mom and dad, my sister and I are all interested in arts and languages. No one
in the family has ever studied medicine before- it's so difficult and takes
such a long time (study). So we're all very proud of him. As
well as this, we have a doctor of our own to ask any medical problems we have! How good is
that
I
think Micky will make excellent doctor. He's patient and
understanding, and he (care) a lot about people. He (help) at car accidents and done some small
operations. I admire him very much.
I
can't stand the sight of blood, so I could never do what he does!
Micky
says he wants to work in hospitals where he can help people with different (ill). Though he knows doctors in hospitals
work very long hours, he doesn't mind. In (I) opinion, it's wonderful if you can have a
job that you (real) enjoy and Micky has found one. I just
hope he isn't busy that the rest of us have to make an
appointment (预约)) to say hello.
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
All around the world，families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 36 （be）very different. Some of them may surprise you.
Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia,this day is on 37 second Sunday before Christmas. On that day，children sneak（溜）into their 38 （mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can't get out of bed. Then they shout， "Mother's Day，Mother's Day! What will you pay 39 （get） away？" Then the mother gives 40 （they）small treats and presents as payment so that the kids "free" her.
In China，they say that 41 （baby）are one year old when they are born. After that，all children celebrate their birthday on New Year's Day because that's when they grow a year 42 （old）. Actual birthdays are 43 （usual）celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the "birthday boy" or "birthday girl" should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 44 they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture，long noodles are a symbol 45 long life.
2022年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Old new medicines
What should you do if you have a headache In modern times, people often take aspirin(阿司匹林). But is aspirin 51._____(actual) a modern medicine
More than 4,000 years ago, ancient Egyptians used dried leaves to treat pain. And in the fourth century B.C. a medicine made from tree bark(树皮) 52. _____ （use） to treat fevers. In the nineteenth century, European scientists discovered that both medicines have the same chemical (化学物质)。 They used the chemical to make a modern medicine—aspirin. Today, it’s one of the world’s 53. _____(cheap) and most helpful medicines.
Some of the medicines we have today come 54. _____ traditional Chinese medicine. In the third century B.C., some people 55. _____(begin) studying the human body. They tried many different ways to treat the patients and recorded 56. _____(they) results. For more than 2,000 years, doctors recorded 57. _____ they found in books. These ancient books are still useful today. Tu Youyou, a Chinese medical researcher, found that in 58. _____ past, people used a herb with yellow flowers to treat fevers. After studying it, she developed a medicine that saved millions of people from dying.
For 59. _____(century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. But today, scientists are studying traditional treatments 60. _____(develop) new medicines.
2023年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Traffic School
Have you ever driven through a red traffic light Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven ____36____ (fast) than the speed limit (限制) The answers are probably “yes”. Every year ____37____ (thousand) of drivers become “offenders”-they break the rules of the road. But ____38____ are the punishments for this offence
In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), ____39____ (usual) $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some ____40____ (Europe) countries offenders also get points on their driving license. After they get ____41____ certain number of points, they can’t drive.
Life is difficult when you can’t drive. So far some states in the USA ____42____ (introduce) a new way to avoid this-Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license ____43____ they can do a course at Traffic School.
Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four ____44____ twelve hours. Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ____45____ (be) better drivers. They don’t have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.
【限时训练】
宁波
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
It was the summer holidays and our family rented an apartment for a week near the beach. We all went to the beach on ___1___ first day and it was fantastic! I did lots of surfing. The sea was really warm! While Mum and Dad were reading ____2____ (they) books, my brother Paul was building a big sandcastle (沙堡). He was happy for ___3___ (hour)!
On the evening we arrived, my parents were cooking supper when suddenly the computer stopped working. There was no electricity in the apartment! We had to eat our supper in the dark! The electricity didn’t come on again ___4___ late at night.
The next day, we went to the market. We ___5___ (shop) when suddenly dark clouds came over and it started to rain hard. Dad ___6___ (drive) us back to the apartment.
When we got back, the rain was coming into Paul’s bedroom and his bed was very wet. So for the rest of the holiday he had to share my bedroom.
___7___ the end of the holiday, Mum and Dad were cleaning the apartment when suddenly Dad shouted, “Oh, no!” Paul and I ran into the kitchen. ___8___ strange it was! Paul’s milk was drunk and my apples ___9___ (eat) by a family of mice!
We packed up our things and left the apartment very ___10___ (quick)! We were all really glad to get home.
绍兴
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Max Woosey is a 12-year-old boy. He has slept outside in storms, snow and heat waves, but now he’s coming indoors.
After two years of ____11____ (sleep) in a tent, Max, who has raised over 700,000, is about to remember what a bed ____12____ (feel) like. “I’m still going to be in my tent a lot,” said Max. “But now I’ve done two years. If there’s a big, ____13____ (danger) storm coming, I may come inside.”
Max began camping out in March 2020. At that time, ____14____ old neighbor of his, Rick Abbott, who was ____15____ (serious) ill, gave Max a tent and told him to take a risk with it. Later Max decided to camp out to raise money ____16____ the hospital that cared for Rick. Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time, ____17____ it went on and on.
Over the two years, Max has been through around 15 tents and has had camping ____18____ (trip) in many places. He even slept on a hotel balcony (阳台). His dad joined ____19____ in the tent during last month’s Storm Eunice, with Max joking that he ____20____ (wake) up not by the wind but by his dad’s snoring (鼾声)!
丽水
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take ____21____ (he) to the new skate park today. Lance was so excited ____22____ he got everything ready when Nathan got home. “Who’s that ” Nathan ____23____ (ask), pointing out the window. Lance looked out and found his friend Haley waiting ____24____ (quiet) in front of the mailbox. “What is she doing here ” Lance thought ____25____ a while and remembered that he promised Haley to work on their science project today, before Nathan’s promise. Skating with Nathan was certainly, a ____26____ (good) offer than working on the project. He could learn some new ____27____ (skill) with the help of Nathan. It would be ____28____ exciting experience. But if be canceled on Haley, he could imagine how disappointed she would be. Lance decided to work on the project ____29____ Haley and told Nathan everything. “Good for you,” his brother said. “And ask Haley if she wants ____30____ (go) to the skate park after you two finish the project.” Lance couldn’t believe his ears, “Really You’d take us ” “Of course, I promised,” Nathan nodded. “And a promise is a promise.”
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题七 语法填空
语法填空题主要通过语篇，在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力和篇章的整体理解能力。这一题型既要求学生熟知英语句子结构的语法特点和完整性，又要求学生通过对短文的阅读和理解，根据上下文的意思，填出答案保证文章传递的意义通顺、流畅，并合乎逻辑。因此，语法填空题要求考生具备理解语篇内容、分析句子结构、熟练运用语法、正确拼写单词以及逻辑推理等综合能力。所以说，语法填空题能更科学地测试学生的英语综合运用能力。
分析2019-2023年近五年浙江杭州中考语法填空题型考向分布。
年份 题目类型考察频次
名词 不定式 动词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 冠词 代词 数词 状语从句 定语从句 宾语从句
2019 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2020 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2021 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2022 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2023 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
语法填空题的考查形式是在一篇150~200个词的语篇中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求学生阅读短文，按照句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
考查项目尽量广泛，每一空可能考查一个不同的语法项目，10个空有可能涉及10个语法考点，至少也有7个语法考点。尽管一些语法项目(如动词时态、非谓语动词、连接词等)非常重要，但也尽量不重复考查，具体考查内容如下：
1.给出动词的基本形态，填写词性、词形转换(转换为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分(可能需要填写两个或三个词)，或是填写非谓语动词。
2.给出形容词，填写比较级、最高级，或填写词性、词形转换(转换为副词、名词)，或者填写反义词(前缀)。
3.给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词。
4.给出名词，填写词性或词形转换。
5.给出基数词，填写序数词。
6.不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词等。
1.整体理解
通读全文，弄清该文的体裁、题材，理解其大意、段落层次等逻辑关系。
2.把握逻辑
根据上下文的逻辑关系和习惯搭配，在空白处写出所缺的单词。
结合语法
分析句子的语法结构和特征，确定括号中所给单词在句子中的适当形式。
4.先易后难
遇到一时无法确定的题目，不要花费太多的时间停留在一个题目上。可能后面的内容会给出提示，或者在检查时进一步联系上下文进行推理。
做题小技巧：
1、提示性填空：
试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，是这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其他词。究竟是几个单词，没有严格规定，所以考查不定式和被动语态时可以填写两至三个词。
主要考查实词，如动词(包括时态、语态和非谓语动词等)、名词(包括名词单复数、所有格等)、形容词和副词(包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化)，以及代词(包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等)。
2、自由性填空：
试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填人一个恰当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。考查主要集中在冠词、代词、介词、连词和关系词等几个方面。
要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。
所填词位于句首时，单词第一个字母要大写。
对学生来说，这一题型具有极大的挑战性。它要求学生必须对整个语篇有总体的把握，然后在根据上下文的逻辑关系的基础上确定每个空所需的信息。懈题时学生既需要有充足的词汇量、固定搭配知识储备，又需要对语法知识有清晰的理解和掌握，更需要有正确的解题技巧。
【真题在线】
2019年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
The eco-house
Simon Dale didn't want to live in a city's apartment building. So he made up his mind 51________ (build) his own home in the countryside. He moved to Wales with his family and built a wooden eco-house. With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a52 ________ (comfort) new home after only four months.53________only cost $4,700 to build the house.
The eco-house is made of natural 54________ (material). Simon Dale and his father-in-law 55________ (dig) into the side of a hill and then used the mud and stone to make the walls. The floors56 ________ (make) from wood from the nearby area. The design is open-plan. There is no central heating,57________ there's a wood-burner and solar panels (太阳能电板) on the top 58________can provide power for lighting, music and computing. Drinking water is from a nearby spring. The fridge stays cool, thanks 59________ air from under the ground. Simon Dale says, "We try to live in peace with the natural world." He has 60________ (certain) done his best to achieve that.
【答案】51-60. to build；comfortable；It；materials；dug；are made；but；which /that；to；certainly
【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了SimonDale的生态房子。他和他的岳父挖进一座小山，利用纯天然的材料建了一座生态房，利用太阳能电板来提高照明，音乐和电脑的电力，利用地下的空气来让冰箱保持凉爽。
51.句意：因此他下定决心在农村建自己的家。make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事，故答案为to build。
52.句意：在他岳父的帮助下，一个建造师，在只有四个月的时间后他搬进了一个舒服的新家。修饰home名词要用形容词，comfort的形容词是comfortable，故答案为comfortable。
53.句意：建这座房子只花了4,700美元。根据to build the house是句子的形式主语，可知真正的主语是it，故答案为It。
54.句意：这座生态房子是由天然材料制成的。material：材料，可数名词，根据语境可知要用复数，故答案为materials。
55.句意：Simon Dale和他的岳父挖进小山的一边，然后利用泥和石头来造墙、根据上下文可知这是讲造房子的过程，已经发生过了，要用一般过去时，dig的过去式是dug，故答案为dug。
56.句意：地板是有附近地区的木材制成的。地板是现在存在的，要用一般现在时，由······制成：be made from，主语是复数，故答案为are made。
57.句意：没有中心供暖，但是有一个木材燃烧起，在房顶上有太阳能电板，这能提供光，音乐和电脑的用电。根据两句的关系可知是转折关系，but：但是，故答案为but。
58.根据句子结构可知此句是there be句型，a wood-burner and solar panels on the top是主语，在定语从句中做先行词，can provide前面缺少主语，因此要用which/that，故答案为 which /that 。
59.句意：冰箱保持凉爽，多亏了来着地下的空气。多亏：thanks to，故答案为to。
60.句意：他肯定已经尽了最大努力来实现那。has done是句子的谓语动词，修饰动词要用副词，certainly当然，肯定，故答案为certainly。
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
A doctor in the family!
After
studying for a long time, my brother has now graduated and we are very (luck) to have a doctor in the family! My
mom and dad, my sister and I are all interested in arts and languages. No one
in the family has ever studied medicine before- it's so difficult and takes
such a long time (study). So we're all very proud of him. As
well as this, we have a doctor of our own to ask any medical problems we have! How good is
that
I
think Micky will make excellent doctor. He's patient and
understanding, and he (care) a lot about people. He (help) at car accidents and done some small
operations. I admire him very much.
I
can't stand the sight of blood, so I could never do what he does!
Micky
says he wants to work in hospitals where he can help people with different (ill). Though he knows doctors in hospitals
work very long hours, he doesn't mind. In (I) opinion, it's wonderful if you can have a
job that you (real) enjoy and Micky has found one. I just
hope he isn't busy that the rest of us have to make an
appointment (预约)) to say hello.
【答案】lucky；to study；about；an；cares；has helped；illnesses；my；really；so
【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了我的兄弟Micky成为一名医生，我们全家都为他感到自豪。
（1）考查形容词。句意：经过长时间的学习，我哥哥现在已经毕业了，我们很幸运家里就有 一名医生！结合“we are”可知，此处为主系表结构，根据句意“我们很幸运”可知， 该空填形容词。故填lucky。
（2）考查非谓语。句意：家里以前从未有人学过医学一一要花这么长时间学习医学是很困难的。根据take表花费时的用法可知,take+时间+to do sth,故填to study。
（3）考査介词。句意：除此之外，我们还有一位自己的医生以便于我们询问一些医疗问题。 结合句意“询问关于任何医学上的问题”可知，介词about表示“关于”，故填about。
（4）考查冠词。句意：我想米奇会成为一名优秀的医生。结合句意“成为一名出色的医生” 可知，此处填不定冠词，由于"excellent”是由辅音音素开头，故填an。
（5）考查一般现在时。句意：他很有耐心并且善解人意，他也十分关心他人。结合前一句 he's patient的时态可知，该句也要用一般现在时，由于主语是第三人称he，故填 cares。
（6）考查现在完成时。句意：他曾帮助处理车祸，并做过一些小手术。由于and表并列，说明空格处和done为并列谓语动词，根据and后的done可知，该处谓语动词用完成时， 结合文章时态，用现在完成时，再结合主语是第三人称he，故填has helped。
（7）考查名词复数。句意：米奇说他想在医院工作，在那里他可以帮助患有不同疾病的人。 由于空格前为形容词different，形容词修饰名词，illness是可数名词，这里没有限 定词，所以用复数，故填illnesses。
（8）考査形容词性物主代词。句意：在我看来。结合in one's opinion, I应转换成形容词性物主代词my，故填my。
（9）考查副词。句意：如果你能找一份你真正喜欢的工作才是最好的事情，正如米奇己经找到了。由于该句主干成分完整，空格后是动词enjoy，根据副词修饰动词，故填really。
（10）考查连词。句意：我只希望他没有那么忙，这样不至于我们当中有人想见到他就必须预约才可以。结合句意“他如此的忙以至于…… ”，此处考查so…that..."如此……以至于……”，结果状语从句。故填so。
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
All around the world，families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 36 （be）very different. Some of them may surprise you.
Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia,this day is on 37 second Sunday before Christmas. On that day，children sneak（溜）into their 38 （mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can't get out of bed. Then they shout， "Mother's Day，Mother's Day! What will you pay 39 （get） away？" Then the mother gives 40 （they）small treats and presents as payment so that the kids "free" her.
In China，they say that 41 （baby）are one year old when they are born. After that，all children celebrate their birthday on New Year's Day because that's when they grow a year 42 （old）. Actual birthdays are 43 （usual）celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the "birthday boy" or "birthday girl" should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 44 they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture，long noodles are a symbol 45 long life.
【解析】36. are/have been 【解析】考查动词。句意：现在的传统已经和以前不同了。分析句子结构这里缺少谓语动词。根据文章时态这里可以用一般现在时，且主语是tradirios是复数形式，因此谓语动词是are.此外这里暗含是从夫过去到现在乃至将来都会不同，也考虑谓语动词时态为现在进行时，且主语是第三人称复数，即have been。
37. the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：在塞尔维亚，这一天在圣诞节前的第二个星期天。根据后面的序数词second Sunday得知应填定冠词来修饰序数词，表示特指，故填. the.
38. mother's 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：在那一天孩子们偷偷溜进妈妈的房间并且用丝带把他们的脚系住。根据句意得知这里应该是偷偷溜进自己妈妈的房间。因此空缺处应该用名词所有格表示妈妈的房间，即他们妈妈的房间，their mother’s，。故填mother's.
39. to get 【解析】考查不定式。句意：为了逃走，你将会付出什么代价。分析句子结构以及结合句意得知这里缺少一个不定式 to do用来表示目的状语。即为了逃脱。故填to get .
40. them 【解析】考查代词。句意：接着妈妈会给孩子一些小的点心和礼物作为让孩子解脱自己的代价。分析句子结构得知这里缺少动词gives的动作承受者，即缺少宾语。根据下面的so that the kids "free" he得知这里应该用人称代词they来代替the kids。且是人称代词they的宾格形式，即them.。
41. babies 【解析】考查名词。句意：在中国，人们说婴儿在出生时就是一岁。根据后面的动词are是复数，可以推断前面名词时复数形式，即应填baby的复数，babies。
42. older 【解析】 考查形容词。句意： 之后，所有的孩子都会在新年上庆祝自己的生日，因为这寓意着他们又长大一岁。根据句意得知这里是指孩子在新年时比自己去年成长了一点，含有比较级，因此这里要用比较级，即older，表示"更大"。
43. usually【解析】考查副词。句意：实际上生日通常是以盛大家庭会餐的形式进行庆祝的。分析句子结构得知这里需要用副词”通常”来修饰动词celebrate, 因此变usual为副词usually。
44. as 【解析】 考查连词。句意：传统就是生日男孩或女孩应该往嘴里塞进尽量多的长面条，然后把它们吃进去。注意一个句as+much+as impossible句型，表示尽可能的，越多越好。故填as .
45. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：这是因为在中国文化中，长面条是长寿的象征。注意句型a symbol of sth表表示“是一种……的象征”，因此这里需要填写介词of。
2022年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Old new medicines
What should you do if you have a headache In modern times, people often take aspirin(阿司匹林). But is aspirin 51._____(actual) a modern medicine
More than 4,000 years ago, ancient Egyptians used dried leaves to treat pain. And in the fourth century B.C. a medicine made from tree bark(树皮) 52. _____ （use） to treat fevers. In the nineteenth century, European scientists discovered that both medicines have the same chemical (化学物质)。 They used the chemical to make a modern medicine—aspirin. Today, it’s one of the world’s 53. _____(cheap) and most helpful medicines.
Some of the medicines we have today come 54. _____ traditional Chinese medicine. In the third century B.C., some people 55. _____(begin) studying the human body. They tried many different ways to treat the patients and recorded 56. _____(they) results. For more than 2,000 years, doctors recorded 57. _____ they found in books. These ancient books are still useful today. Tu Youyou, a Chinese medical researcher, found that in 58. _____ past, people used a herb with yellow flowers to treat fevers. After studying it, she developed a medicine that saved millions of people from dying.
For 59. _____(century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. But today, scientists are studying traditional treatments 60. _____(develop) new medicines.
【解析】51.actually 填副词形式； 但是阿司匹林真的是一种现代药物吗？
52.was used 一般过去时的被动语态；句意为：在公元前四世纪，一种用树皮制成的药物被用来治疗发热；
53.cheapest 根据下文 most helpful 可知此处填最高级；句意为：今天阿司匹林是世界上最便宜，最有用途的药物之一。
54.from 句意为：我们今天用的一些药来自传统的中药；
55.began 填一般过去时，前面有明确的过去时间In the third century B,C
56.their 填形容词性物主代词，后面有名词results；
57.what 此处what做found的宾语；句意为：2000多年以来，医生把他们的发现记录在书籍里；
58.the 在过去in the past;
59.centuries 填可数名词复数；句意为：在数个世纪里，西医几乎不关注传统的中医；
60.to develop 动词不定式做目的状语 句意为：但是，在今天，科学家正在研究传统疗法来研发新药；
2023年杭州中考真题
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Traffic School
Have you ever driven through a red traffic light Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven ____36____ (fast) than the speed limit (限制) The answers are probably “yes”. Every year ____37____ (thousand) of drivers become “offenders”-they break the rules of the road. But ____38____ are the punishments for this offence
In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), ____39____ (usual) $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some ____40____ (Europe) countries offenders also get points on their driving license. After they get ____41____ certain number of points, they can’t drive.
Life is difficult when you can’t drive. So far some states in the USA ____42____ (introduce) a new way to avoid this-Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license ____43____ they can do a course at Traffic School.
Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four ____44____ twelve hours. Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ____45____ (be) better drivers. They don’t have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.
【答案】36. faster 37. thousands 38. what 39. usually 40. European
41. a 42. have introduced 43. if 44. to 45. to be
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了人们在不同国家违反交通规则的处理方法。
36题详解】
句意：你是否曾把车停错地方或超速驾驶？根据“than”可知空处需用比较级。故填faster。
【37题详解】
句意：每年都有成千上万的司机成为“违规者”——他们违反交通规则。空前无具体数字，需用thousands of“数以千计的”表示泛指。故填thousands。
【38题详解】
句意：但是这种罪行的惩罚是什么呢？根据“are the punishments for this offence ”可知是询问处罚是什么。what表示“什么”。故填what。
【39题详解】
句意：在大多数国家，司机必须支付罚款，通常是100到300美元。修饰动词，需用副词形式usually表示“通常”。故填usually。
【40题详解】
句意：但在美国、澳大利亚和一些欧洲国家，违规者的驾驶执照也会被扣分。修饰名词“countries”，需用形容词作定语。European“欧洲的”。故填European。
【41题详解】
句意：在他们得到一定数量的分数之后，他们就不能开车了。a certain number of表示“一定数量的……”。故填a。
【42题详解】
句意：到目前为止，美国的一些州已经推出了一种新的方法来避免这种情况——交通学校。根据“So far”可知本句需用现在完成时(have/has done)，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have introduced。
【43题详解】
句意：违法者有一个选择：如果他们能在交通学校学习课程，他们可以在驾照上获得分数。分析句子可知，前句是后句是肯定条件，需用if表示“如果”。故填if。
【44题详解】
句意：它们花费大约100美元，需要4到12个小时。from...to...表示“从……到……”，固定短语。故填to。
【45题详解】
句意：司机学习道路规则，他们学习如何成为更好的司机。how to do sth表示“如何做某事”。故填to be。
【限时训练】
宁波
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
It was the summer holidays and our family rented an apartment for a week near the beach. We all went to the beach on ___1___ first day and it was fantastic! I did lots of surfing. The sea was really warm! While Mum and Dad were reading ____2____ (they) books, my brother Paul was building a big sandcastle (沙堡). He was happy for ___3___ (hour)!
On the evening we arrived, my parents were cooking supper when suddenly the computer stopped working. There was no electricity in the apartment! We had to eat our supper in the dark! The electricity didn’t come on again ___4___ late at night.
The next day, we went to the market. We ___5___ (shop) when suddenly dark clouds came over and it started to rain hard. Dad ___6___ (drive) us back to the apartment.
When we got back, the rain was coming into Paul’s bedroom and his bed was very wet. So for the rest of the holiday he had to share my bedroom.
___7___ the end of the holiday, Mum and Dad were cleaning the apartment when suddenly Dad shouted, “Oh, no!” Paul and I ran into the kitchen. ___8___ strange it was! Paul’s milk was drunk and my apples ___9___ (eat) by a family of mice!
We packed up our things and left the apartment very ___10___ (quick)! We were all really glad to get home.
【答案】1．the 2．their 3．hours 4．until/till 5．were shopping 6．drove 7．At 8．How 9．were eaten 10．quickly
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和家人在海边的度假经历。
1．句意：第一天我们都去了海滩，太棒了！此处表示第一天，序数词first前要加冠词the，故填the。
2．句意：当妈妈和爸爸在读书的时候，我的弟弟保罗正在建一个大沙堡。此空修饰名词books，且此空指代“Mum and Dad”，应用their表示“他们的”，故填their。
3．句意：他高兴了好几个小时。hour是可数名词，空格前无冠词，故此空应填复数名词，故填hours。
4．句意：直到深夜才重新通电。根据“The electricity didn’t come on again … late at night”可知，此处用not…until/till表示“直到……才”，故填until/till。
5．句意：我们正在买东西，突然乌云密布，下起了大雨。when引导的时间状语从句，从句谓语动词came是一般过去时，主句表示过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，主语we是复数形式，助动词用were，故填were shopping。
6．句意：爸爸开车送我们回公寓。描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填drove。
7．句意：假期快结束了，爸爸妈妈正在打扫房间，突然爸爸喊了起来。at the end of“在……的结束时”，固定搭配，且句首的单词首字母要大写，故填At。
8．句意：多么奇怪啊！此句是感叹句，中心词strange是形容词，用how引导的感叹句结构：how+形容词+主谓，句首的单词首字母要大写，故填How。
9．句意：保罗的牛奶被喝了，我的苹果被一群老鼠吃掉了。主语apples与动词eat之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生的事情，此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语apples是复数形式，助动词用were，故填were eaten。
10．句意：我们收拾好东西，很快就离开了公寓！此空修饰动词left，要用副词，quick是形容词，对应的副词是quickly“快速地”，故填quickly。
绍兴
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Max Woosey is a 12-year-old boy. He has slept outside in storms, snow and heat waves, but now he’s coming indoors.
After two years of ____11____ (sleep) in a tent, Max, who has raised over 700,000, is about to remember what a bed ____12____ (feel) like. “I’m still going to be in my tent a lot,” said Max. “But now I’ve done two years. If there’s a big, ____13____ (danger) storm coming, I may come inside.”
Max began camping out in March 2020. At that time, ____14____ old neighbor of his, Rick Abbott, who was ____15____ (serious) ill, gave Max a tent and told him to take a risk with it. Later Max decided to camp out to raise money ____16____ the hospital that cared for Rick. Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time, ____17____ it went on and on.
Over the two years, Max has been through around 15 tents and has had camping ____18____ (trip) in many places. He even slept on a hotel balcony (阳台). His dad joined ____19____ in the tent during last month’s Storm Eunice, with Max joking that he ____20____ (wake) up not by the wind but by his dad’s snoring (鼾声)!
【答案】11．sleeping 12．feels 13．dangerous 14．an 15．seriously 16．for 17．but 18．trips 19．him 20．was woken/was waked
【导语】本文主要介绍了Max Woosey在过去的两年里在外面野营，为医院筹集了很多钱。
11．句意：在帐篷里睡了两年之后，筹集了超过700,000英镑的Max即将回想起床的感觉。sleep“睡觉”，动词，介词of后加动名词。故填sleeping。
12．句意：在帐篷里睡了两年之后，筹集了超过700,000英镑的Max即将回想起床的感觉。描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语“a bed”是第三人称单数，谓语动词feel使用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。
13．句意：如果有一场大而危险的风暴来临，我可能会进去。修饰名词storm用形容词dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。
14．句意：当时，他的一位病重的老邻居里Rick Abbott给了Max一个帐篷，并告诉他要冒险。此处泛指“一个邻居”，old以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
15．句意：当时，他的一位病重的老邻居里Rick Abbott给了Max一个帐篷，并告诉他要冒险。此处修饰形容词ill用副词seriously“严重地”。故填seriously。
16．句意：后来Max决定露营，为照顾Rick的医院筹款。根据“raise money...the hospital”可知是为医院筹钱，用介词for“为了”。故填for。
17．句意：Max认为他不会坚持很长时间，但它一直在继续。根据“Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time...it went on and on.”可知前后两句是转折关系， 用but连接。故填but。
18．句意：两年来，Max已经用过了大约15个帐篷，并在许多地方进行了露营旅行。trip“旅行”，可数名词，且不止一次旅行，用名词复数。故填trips。
19．句意：在上个月的Eunice风暴期间，他的父亲和他一起在帐篷里，Max开玩笑说他不是被风吵醒，而是被他父亲的鼾声吵醒！根据“His dad joined...”可知他父亲加入了他，谓语之后加代词宾格him“他”作宾语。故填him。
20．句意：在上个月的Eunice风暴期间，他的父亲和他一起在帐篷里，Max开玩笑说他不是被风吵醒，而是被他父亲的鼾声吵醒！wake“叫醒”，主语“he”和谓语之间是被动关系，且描述过去的动作，用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是he，be动词用was，wake的过去分词为woken/waked。故填was woken/waked。
丽水
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take ____21____ (he) to the new skate park today. Lance was so excited ____22____ he got everything ready when Nathan got home. “Who’s that ” Nathan ____23____ (ask), pointing out the window. Lance looked out and found his friend Haley waiting ____24____ (quiet) in front of the mailbox. “What is she doing here ” Lance thought ____25____ a while and remembered that he promised Haley to work on their science project today, before Nathan’s promise. Skating with Nathan was certainly, a ____26____ (good) offer than working on the project. He could learn some new ____27____ (skill) with the help of Nathan. It would be ____28____ exciting experience. But if be canceled on Haley, he could imagine how disappointed she would be. Lance decided to work on the project ____29____ Haley and told Nathan everything. “Good for you,” his brother said. “And ask Haley if she wants ____30____ (go) to the skate park after you two finish the project.” Lance couldn’t believe his ears, “Really You’d take us ” “Of course, I promised,” Nathan nodded. “And a promise is a promise.”
【答案】21．him 22．that 23．asked 24．quietly 25．for 26．better 27．skills 28．an 29．with 30．to go
【导语】本文主要讲述了兰斯忘记了之前答应朋友海莉一起去做科学项目，想着要和哥哥一起去滑冰，后来经过内心的挣扎，决定不要违背诺言，放弃了和哥哥去滑冰的打算，哥哥知道了事情的缘由表扬兰斯是一个信守承诺的人，并邀请兰斯和朋友在完成项目后一起来公园滑冰。
21．句意：他的哥哥内森答应今天带他去新的滑冰公园。动词take后接人称代词宾格，故填him。
22．句意：内森回家时，兰斯非常兴奋，他把一切都准备好了。so…that表示“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句，故填that。
23．句意：内森指着窗户问道。此空的前一句和后一句都是一般过去时，故此句也用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填asked。
24．句意：兰斯向外望去，发现他的朋友海莉正静静地等在邮箱前。此空修饰动词waiting，应用副词，quiet的副词是quietly“安静地”，故填quietly。
25．句意：兰斯想了想，想起他答应海莉今天去做他们的科学项目，比内森答应的要早。think for a while“想了一会”，固定搭配，故填for。
26．句意：和内森一起滑冰当然比做科学项目更好。此空修饰名词offer，且根据“than”可知，此空应填比较级，故填better。
27．句意：他可以在内森的帮助下学习一些新技能。skill“技能”，可数名词，some修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填skills。
28．句意：那将会是令人兴奋的经历。此处表示“一段令人兴奋的经历”，表泛指，且exciting是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
29．句意：兰斯决定和海莉一起做这个项目并把一切都告诉了内森。根据“Lance decided to work on the project … Haley”可知，与海莉一起做这个项目，with“与……一起”，故填with。
30．句意：你们俩完成项目后问问海莉要不要去滑冰公园。want to do sth“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故填to go。
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