UNIT3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Learning About Language 导学案
课前预习区
I.根据词义写出正确的单词
1. n.品牌
2. n.油橄榄;橄榄树
3. n.无花果
4. n.(尤指烹饪)材料:成分
5. n.(饭后)甜点
6. n.生面团
7. adj.稳定的;稳重的
8. n.(苏格兰)羊杂碎肚
9. n.食堂;餐厅
10. n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
Ⅱ.短语互译
1. be famous for
2. earn one's living
3. consist of
4. contribute to
5. set off__
6._ 建立;树立;搭起
7. 注意;留心
8. 切断(电流等);关掉
9. 至少
10. 处理
Ⅲ.单词拼写
1. A society can be(稳定的) and orderly only when its people can lead a prosperous life.
2.Tao，70，is well-known as Laoganma, which is the (品牌) name of her famous chilli sauce.
3. Coconut is a basic (材料;成分)for many curries.
4. I made a switch from butter to (油橄榄) oil for much of my cooking.
5.This (甜点) is made of bananas, chocolate, and ice cream.
6. When making (生面团)，mix the flour and water well.
7. Most students are satisfied with the service provided by the (食堂)，enjoying food in a homely atmosphere.
8.As each year passes the (无花果)tree continues to grow.
9. We were told that the (羊杂碎肚)is fresh from Scotland.
10. This is first time that I have had dinner in a (自助餐厅).
课中学习区
Part1 过去完成时
Translate the following sentences and pay attention to The Past Perfect Tense
Before he returned to England,My friend,Andrew,had lived in a foreign country for many years .Also,he had dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the countryside.
过去完成时
had+过去分词 表示过去的过去
Fill the blanks
She English before she came to Britain.
她在来英国以前已学过英语了。
By the end of last month, we half of the projed
到上个月底为止，我们已经完成了一半的工程。
How many English words you by the end of last term？
到上学期末你学了多少个英语单词？
How long Mr. Brown in the south before he came here？
来这儿以前布朗先生在南方住了多久？
Mark was disappointed that when he got the station the train already .
马克非常失望，当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
Tom ran away because he the window.
汤姆跑了，因为他打破了窗户。
conclusion1
1．表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作
过去完成时可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之的已完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by介词短语或before引导的时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或下文中得到提示。
Translate the follow sentences.
She had worked for twelve hours by 8 :00 p.m.
My elder sister had worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to hospital.
I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came her
conclusion2
2．表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间
过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。主句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。
Fill the blanks
They to help but could not get here in time.
他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。
I to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
I to see her again, but I couldn't.
我本希望再见她一面，但我没能做到。
Monica to have a birthday party but no one came.
莫尼卡本想举办生日聚会，但是没有人来。
They to go on an outing yesterday, but it was raining.
他们本计划昨天去远足，可是一直下雨。
He to send for a doctor.
他本想派人去请医生。
I to speak but time didn't permit.
我本想发言，但是时间不允许。
conclusion3
3．用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算
hope,wish,plan,want,mean, intend,attempt,suppose think，expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的词后，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。指后面不定式的动作未曾实现
过去完成时的特殊用法
4.特殊句式 hardly／scarcely／just...when...，no sooner... than...，表示“一····就······”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词hardly，scarcely，no sooner位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装。
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang.
He had just gone to sleep when the phone rang.
Scarcely had the sick baby seen the nurse when she began to cry.
No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research.
5.It/That/This was the first/second/third time that＋过去完成时
这个句式用来表达在过去某一个时间之前某人的经历。主句用一般过去时（was），that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that little Franz had listened so attentively.
那是小弗朗士第一次如此用心地听讲。
6．过去完成时还经常用于定语从句中，说明定语从句的动作或状态早于主句发生
He apologized to the people who had been affected.
他向受到影响的人道歉了。
Nancy, who had been thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke.南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
The temple which had lain at the top of the hill disappeared.
曾经位于山顶的那座庙不见了。
It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.
这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
Part2过去完成时的被动语态
肯定句式：主语＋had been＋过去分词．
The room had been painted twice before she lived.
这个房间在她住之前已经被油漆过两次。
否定句式：主语＋had not been＋过去分词．
The room had not been painted before she lived.
这个房间在她住之前没有被油漆过。
一般疑问句式：Had＋主语＋been＋过去分词？
Had the room been painted before she lived
这个房间在她住之前被油漆过吗？
特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋had＋主语＋been＋过去分词？
How many times had the room been painted before she lived 这个房间在她住之前被油漆过几次？
注：如果疑问词作主语，则是：主语（疑问词）＋had been＋过去分词
What had been done by these boys when we came back
当我们回来的时候，这些男孩都做了些什么？
谓语动词语态：主谓之间是否构成被动关系
1+1=2
1：谓语动词时态：过去完成时
1：谓语动词语态：主谓之间是否构成被动关系
2：过去完成时的被动语态
1.When I had finished my homework,I went out for walk.
2.When my homework had been finished,I went out for walk.
finish my homework早于went out for walk 过去的过去 过去完成时
且句1 从句中主语 I 和谓语动词finish之间是主动关系，所以时态为过去完成时
且句2主语 my homework 和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，
所以时态为 过去完成时+ 被动=过去完成时的被动语态
Fill the blanks
The forest just before the law was passed.
就在法律通过之前，森林已经被毁坏了。
It was reported that several people .
据报道已有数人被捕。
How many English words by the end of last term？
到上学期末已经学了多少个英语单词？
He told the teacher that his homework .
他告诉老师他的家庭作业已经做完了
He asked me if his letter .
他问我他的信是否收到了
Part3 Practice Makes Perfect
1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown
C. will grow D. had grown
3.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
4. （2018·天津卷·单项填空） If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
5.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
6.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed
C. are installed D. have been installed
模拟训练
1. It’s reported that by the end of the month, the output of cement in the factory___________by about 10%.
A. will have risen B. will be rising
C. has risen D. has been rising
2.You needn’t hurry her. It___________by her by the time you are ready.
A.will have been finishing B.has finished
C.will have been finished D.will be finished
3. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection.
A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making
Assignment复习课堂所学语法过去完成时/完成本课同步练习UNIT3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Learning About Language 导学案
课前预习区
I.根据词义写出正确的单词
1. n.品牌
2. n.油橄榄;橄榄树
3. n.无花果
4. n.(尤指烹饪)材料:成分
5. n.(饭后)甜点
6. n.生面团
7. adj.稳定的;稳重的
8. n.(苏格兰)羊杂碎肚
9. n.食堂;餐厅
10. n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
Ⅱ.短语互译
1. be famous for
2. earn one's living
3. consist of
4. contribute to
5. set off__
6._ 建立;树立;搭起
7. 注意;留心
8. 切断(电流等);关掉
9. 至少
10. 处理
Ⅲ.单词拼写
1. A society can be(稳定的) and orderly only when its people can lead a prosperous life.
2.Tao，70，is well-known as Laoganma, which is the (品牌) name of her famous chilli sauce.
3. Coconut is a basic (材料;成分)for many curries.
4. I made a switch from butter to (油橄榄) oil for much of my cooking.
5.This (甜点) is made of bananas, chocolate, and ice cream.
6. When making (生面团)，mix the flour and water well.
7. Most students are satisfied with the service provided by the (食堂)，enjoying food in a homely atmosphere.
8.As each year passes the (无花果)tree continues to grow.
9. We were told that the (羊杂碎肚)is fresh from Scotland.
10. This is first time that I have had dinner in a (自助餐厅).
参考答案
根据词义写出正确的单词
1. brand 2. olive 3.fig 4.ingredient
5. dessert 6.dough 7.stable 8. haggis
9. canteen 10. cafeteria
Ⅱ.短语互译
1.以……而闻名
2.谋生
3.由……组成
4.有助于;是……的原因
5.出发,启程;引爆
6. set up
7. pay attention to
8. switch off
9.at least10. deal with
Ⅲ.单词拼写
1. stable 2. brand 3.ingredient 4.olive
5. dessert 6. dough 7.canteen
8.fig9. haggis 10. cafeteria
课中学习区
Part1 过去完成时
Translate the following sentences and pay attention to The Past Perfect Tense
Before he returned to England,My friend,Andrew,had lived in a foreign country for many years .Also,he had dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the countryside.
在回到英国之前，我朋友安德鲁，已在国外生活了多年，他也梦想着退休以后到英国，并计划在乡村定居下来。
过去完成时
had+过去分词 表示过去的过去
Fill the blanks
She had learnt English before she came to Britain.
她在来英国以前已学过英语了。
By the end of last month, we had finished half of the project.
到上个月底为止，我们已经完成了一半的工程。
How many English words had you learnt by the end of last term？
到上学期末你学了多少个英语单词？
How long had Mr. Brown lived in the south before he came here？
来这儿以前布朗先生在南方住了多久？
Mark was disappointed that when he got the station the train left already .
马克非常失望，当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
Tom ran away because he had broken the window.
汤姆跑了，因为他打破了窗户。
conclusion1
1．表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作
过去完成时可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之的已完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by介词短语或before引导的时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或下文中得到提示。
Translate the follow sentences.
She had worked for twelve hours by 8 :00 p.m.
到晚上8点钟，她已经工作12个小时了。
My elder sister had worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.
在换工作之前，我姐姐已经在那家公司工作了10年。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to hospital.
当他被送进医院就医时，他已经病了一个星期了。
I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came her
我来这儿之前已在一家汽车厂工作了两年。
conclusion2
2．表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间
过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。主句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。
Fill the blanks
They had wanted to help but could not get here in time.
他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。
I had hoped to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
I had meant to see her again, but I couldn't.
我本希望再见她一面，但我没能做到。
Monica had planned to have a birthday party but no one came.
莫尼卡本想举办生日聚会，但是没有人来。
They had thought to go on an outing yesterday, but it was raining.
他们本计划昨天去远足，可是一直下雨。
He had thought to send for a doctor.
他本想派人去请医生。
I had excepted to speak but time didn't permit.
我本想发言，但是时间不允许。
conclusion3
3．用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算
hope,wish,plan,want,mean, intend,attempt,suppose think，expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的词后，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。指后面不定式的动作未曾实现
过去完成时的特殊用法
4.特殊句式 hardly／scarcely／just...when...，no sooner... than...，表示“一····就······”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词hardly，scarcely，no sooner位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装。
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang.
He had just gone to sleep when the phone rang.
Scarcely had the sick baby seen the nurse when she began to cry.
No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research.
5.It/That/This was the first/second/third time that＋过去完成时
这个句式用来表达在过去某一个时间之前某人的经历。主句用一般过去时（was），that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that little Franz had listened so attentively.
那是小弗朗士第一次如此用心地听讲。
6．过去完成时还经常用于定语从句中，说明定语从句的动作或状态早于主句发生
He apologized to the people who had been affected.
他向受到影响的人道歉了。
Nancy, who had been thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke.南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
The temple which had lain at the top of the hill disappeared.
曾经位于山顶的那座庙不见了。
It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.
这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
Part2过去完成时的被动语态
肯定句式：主语＋had been＋过去分词．
The room had been painted twice before she lived.
这个房间在她住之前已经被油漆过两次。
否定句式：主语＋had not been＋过去分词．
The room had not been painted before she lived.
这个房间在她住之前没有被油漆过。
一般疑问句式：Had＋主语＋been＋过去分词？
Had the room been painted before she lived
这个房间在她住之前被油漆过吗？
特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋had＋主语＋been＋过去分词？
How many times had the room been painted before she lived 这个房间在她住之前被油漆过几次？
注：如果疑问词作主语，则是：主语（疑问词）＋had been＋过去分词
What had been done by these boys when we came back
当我们回来的时候，这些男孩都做了些什么？
谓语动词语态：主谓之间是否构成被动关系
1+1=2
1：谓语动词时态：过去完成时
1：谓语动词语态：主谓之间是否构成被动关系
2：过去完成时的被动语态
1.When I had finished my homework,I went out for walk.
2.When my homework had been finished,I went out for walk.
finish my homework早于went out for walk 过去的过去 过去完成时
且句1 从句中主语 I 和谓语动词finish之间是主动关系，所以时态为过去完成时
且句2主语 my homework 和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，
所以时态为 过去完成时+ 被动=过去完成时的被动语态
Fill the blanks
The forest had been destroyed just before the law was passed.
就在法律通过之前，森林已经被毁坏了。
It was reported that several people had been arrested .
据报道已有数人被捕。
How many English words had been learned by the end of last term？
到上学期末已经学了多少个英语单词？
He told the teacher that his homework had been finished .
他告诉老师他的家庭作业已经做完了
He asked me if his letter had been received .
他问我他的信是否收到了
Part3 Practice Makes Perfect
（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】have made
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown
C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
3.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
4. （2018·天津卷·单项填空） If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
5.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
6.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed
C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
模拟训练
1. It’s reported that by the end of the month, the output of cement in the factory___________by about 10%.
A. will have risen B. will be rising
C. has risen D. has been rising
1. 【解析】考查时态。由时间状语"by the end of the month"可知此处表示在将来某时已经完成的动作，因此用将来完成时。
2.You needn’t hurry her. It___________by her by the time you are ready.
A.will have been finishing B.has finished
C.will have been finished D.will be finished
2. 【解析】考查时态和语态。"by the time you are ready"表示将来的某个时间，此处表示将来完成的动作，故应使用将来完成时，根据句意，事情应该被完成，所以C项正确
3. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection.
A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making
3. 【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
Assignment复习课堂所学语法过去完成时/完成本课同步练习
