专题06 观点态度推理判断题
知考法明考向: 该题型有时会考查作者对某人或某事物的观点态度，文中有时可能会直接表达出来,但大多数时候隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的特殊词汇或句子中。有时也会考查文中人物的观点或态度,此时要特别注意该人物的语言，有时还要结合有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理的推断。积累表示观点态度的词汇有助于解决此类题目。
做真题 悟技法
（2023·全国甲卷 C篇）
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
1．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher.
2．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
3．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well-presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
4．What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
4．观点态度推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
技法点拨：推敲关键词句法
三类常用词汇：
中性词:objective/neutral/unclearl subjective/indifferent
褒义词:positive/favorable/approval
贬义词: doubtful/critical/disappointed/ negative/worried
2个关键
弄清楚谁对什么的态度
抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例,注意流露作者思想倾向或感彩的形容词、副词或动词
练模拟 提能力
Passage 1
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Every order of takeout comes with aside of single-use plastics and each plastic fork, knife, spoon and straw—whether or not you wanted it or used it—ends up in the trash.
New research found that 139 million metric tons of single-use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single-use plastics compared to2019. A hunger for takeout meals during the pandemic contributed to the surge.
An estimated 60%of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300%faster than in-house dining; that means millions of single-use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.
New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single-use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.
The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single-use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don’t order the single-use plastics won’t receive them.
The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill (填埋场) every year.
“Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out,” says Goldsmith. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they’re not needed.”
To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D．C． and Chicago. California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single-use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request.
Organizations like upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.
1．What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Strong panic. B．Good solution.
C．Sharp increase. D．Great pressure
2．What can be done according to Skip the Stuff
A．Selecting green products.
B．Providing utensils only on request.
C．Recycling and reusing some utensils.
D．Using identical products nationwide.
3．What is the aim of the newly passed bills
A．To better serve customers. B．To reduce plastic waste.
C．To correct bad eating habits. D．To prevent illegal activities.
4．What is Goldsmith’s attitude towards the Skip the Stuff campaign
A．Concerned. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是因外卖产生的塑料垃圾在激增，一些组织为了减少塑料垃圾而对外卖提供的一次性物品做出了相关立法。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“New research found that 139 million metric tons of single-use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single-use plastics compared to2019.(新的研究发现，2021年产生了1.39亿吨一次性塑料废物-与2019年相比，一次性塑料增加了600万吨。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“疫情期间人们对外卖的渴望促成了这一激增”，划线词的意思是“激增”，和sharp increase意思相近，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single-use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.(最近的一些账单要归功于国家再利用网络，该网络是环保非营利组织Upstream的一部分，它发起了一项全国性的Skip the Stuff运动，以制定政策，要求餐馆只有在顾客要求时才提供一次性塑料餐具、吸管和餐巾。)”可知，根据Skip the Stuff，餐馆可以只根据要求提供餐具。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill (填埋场) every year.(这些法案的目标是减少每年送往垃圾填埋场的400亿个塑料餐具。)”可知，新通过的法案的目的是减少塑料垃圾。故选B。
4．观点态度推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out(大多数时候，人们把食物带回家或带到办公室，那里有可重复使用的餐具，所以这些餐具最终被放在抽屉里或被扔掉)”和“Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they’re not needed.(有些人确实需要餐具，但大多数情况下，它们是不需要的。)”可知，Goldsmith对Skip the Stuff活动是赞成的，故选C。
Passage 2
（2024·广东·一模）If you’ve noticed you’re getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it’s not just you. “Shrinkflation” — reducing a product’s size or quantity while keeping its price stable — is showing up in shops around the world.
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human cost, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. “Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don’t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits.
For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.
Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it’s a tough hit to the bottom line — especially because the price of products generally doesn’t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.
5．Why does shrinkflation make consumers “less painful” according to Stiving
A．Shrinkflation reduces human cost.
B．Shrinkflation raises purchasing power.
C．Consumers become more aware of size.
D．Consumers experience little increase in cost.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The concerns of shoppers. B．The interests of companies.
C．The impact of shrinkflation. D．The phenomenon of inflation.
7．What is the author’s attitude to the shrinkflation in paragraph 4
A．Favorable. B．Objective.
C．Dismissive. D．Unclear.
8．What should consumers do according to the last paragraph
A．Draw a bottom line. B．Put warning stickers.
C．Choose smaller packs. D．Make a conscious decision.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一种经济学现象：缩水式通货膨胀，及其原因和影响。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,’ says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers ‘less painful’.(Impact pricing的首席定价教育专家Mark Stiving表示：‘当尺寸减小时，消费者更有可能注意到他们的购买对他们钱包的影响，而不是产品损失的数量。’因此，企业利用缩水式通胀让消费者‘不那么痛苦’)”可知，相比于商品尺寸的减少，消费者更关注价格的波动，因此，缩水式通货膨胀来使消费者成本几乎没有增加，从而“不那么痛苦”，故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，结合前两句“Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way.(然而，即使缩水式通胀伴随着通胀而来，问题也不会在通胀结束后才结束。一旦新尺码上市，它们很可能会一直保持这种状态)”可知，本段主要讲述缩水式通货膨胀的后续影响，即产品的尺寸一旦减少，后续可能很难再变回来，故选C。
7．观点态度推理判断题。根据第四段“For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.(对许多公司来说，缩水式通胀似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消费者对价格高度敏感的食品行业，提高价格可能会让消费者跳槽到另一个品牌。但是面对持续的通货膨胀，公司不得不做些什么来维持他们的利润。把产品的尺寸缩小一点可以使他们在保持价格竞争力的同时提高利润。但是，一旦客户注意到这种变化，他们可能会觉得自己被愚弄了，从而导致信任和信心的丧失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市场的诸多因素，对许多公司来说缩水式通货膨胀是无法避免的，这可以保证其公司在市场的竞争力。但消费者可能会感觉受到了欺骗，导致信任和信心的丧失。因此，作者对于缩水式通货膨胀的态度是客观的，既指出了其带来的问题，也指出了其对公司的好处，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.(消费者在购物时可能需要理智地检查价格和尺码，并确保自己不会落入货架上超大尺码的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消费者在购物时需要明智地考虑价格和尺寸，确保自己不会陷入价格陷阱。因此，消费者应该做出明智的决定，故选D。
Passage 3
（2024·湖北·二模）Every morning on the island of Oahu, students at Pu’ hala Elementary gather on a field as towering mountains watch them from the mist. Their day starts with songs in ‘ lelo Hawai’i, the islands’ native language, restating values of respect and justice that their teachers hope will guide them through their education, and throughout their lives.
Like most kids their age, they’re not concerned about the significance of the language they’re learning. Still, they have a weighty responsibility: to receive the torch (火炬) and ensure the security of ‘ lelo Hawai’ i for future generations.
It was only 50 years ago that the language was on the edge of extinction. Though the situation is much improved, in many ways ‘ lelo Hawai’ i is still on life support. Teachers say there’s a huge enthusiasm for school kids to learn the language, but as they grow up, they’re encouraged to focus on “more useful” subjects and use English, which are believed to assist them in achieving success in their work. In 2016, there were 18, 610 Hawaiian speakers on the islands.
“One hundred thousand is the approximate number of speakers needed to consider the language safe, ” says Solomon, professor of Hawaiian language at University of Hawai’i at Manoa. “The idea is that there are enough people passing it on to the next generation, socializing their children to use the language in all domains of life, to express all thoughts and needs and desires. ”
Fortunately, the kids of Pu’ hala Elementary will take the responsibility to continue the work of the current young adults defending the language, expanding access to ‘ lelo Hawai’i in part through TikTok and Instagram, and making the language a practical skill in adulthood. These youth, along with those committed to recovering the language from previous generations, share their hopes for the better.
9．What are the students at Pu’ hala Elementary expected to do
A．To figure out the value of life. B．To go out of the island of Oahu.
C．To pass their native language down. D．To draw people’s attention to folk songs.
10．What makes the students abandon ‘ lelo Hawai’i
A．Career development. B．The improved situation.
C．Lack of enthusiasm. D．Little educational support.
11．What is the current situation of ‘ lelo Hawai’i according to professor Solomon
A．It is used in all walks of life. B．It is considered a safe language.
C．It demands more speakers to be safe. D．It has one hundred thousand speakers.
12．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of ‘ lelo Hawai’i
A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Unclear. D．Reserved.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了夏威夷岛上普奥哈拉小学学生学习母语夏威夷语的情景，承载着保护和传承夏威夷语言文化的责任。虽然夏威夷语曾经濒临灭绝，但现在学生们积极学习，努力传承着这门语言。文章表达了对未来传承和发展夏威夷语的期望和希望。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“they have a weighty responsibility: to receive the torch (火炬) and ensure the security of ‘ōlelo Hawai’i for future generations.”（他们仍然肩负着重大责任：接受火炬并确保子孙后代的夏威夷语的安全。）可知，Pu’ hala 小学的学生应该把他们的母语传承下去。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“they’re encouraged to focus on ‘more useful’ subjects and use English, which are believed to assist them in achieving success in their work.”（他们被鼓励专注于“更有用”的科目并使用英语，这被认为有助于他们在工作中取得成功。）可知，很多学生为了工作发展，放弃夏威夷语言的学习。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“In 2016, there were 18, 610 Hawaiian speakers on the islands.”（2016年，岛上有 18610名讲夏威夷语的人。）以及第四段“One hundred thousand is the approximate number of speakers needed to consider the language safe,”（认为该语言安全所需的使用者人数大约为十万人）可知，目前夏威夷语言的使用者远达不到安全数量100000，因此需要更多使用者才能确保该语言的安全。故选C项。
12．观点态度题。由文章最后一段“These youth, along with those committed to recovering the language from previous generations, share their hopes for the better.”（这些年轻人与那些致力于恢复前几代人的语言的人一起，分享着他们对更好的希望。）可推知作者对夏威夷语言的未来持积极乐观态度。A.Worried担心；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Unclear不清楚的；D.Reserved保留的。B项符合此处语境。故选B项。
Passage 4
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
13．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A．It is ill reputed. B．It is mostly misapplied.
C．It is totally ignored. D．It is seemingly contradictory.
14．What has America been witnessing
A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
15．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A．Tolerant. B．Enthusiastic. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
16．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了美国一直存在的教授孩子阅读方法的长时间争议。文章指出，实际上，研究已经证明了音节发音法的有效性。缺乏适当培训的教师可能会运用自己学会阅读的方式来教学，而不是重视音节发音的教学方法。同时，文章还提到密西西比州通过采用科学上有依据的阅读方法，在全美国范围内取得了显著的进步。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.(但在许多教室里，这可能是一个肮脏的词。以至于一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室。一项又一项研究发现，大多数美国孩子被教导阅读的方式是错误的。)”可知，一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室，由此推断自然拼读在美国的大多数教室中被认为是名声不好的。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades.(美国陷入了一场关于教孩子阅读的争论，这场争论已经持续了几十年。)”可知，关于如何教孩子阅读的争论持续了很久。故选B。
15．观点态度推理判断题。根据第四段中““A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”(“一点自然拼读法是远远不够的。密西西比州教育部小学教育和阅读执行主任Tenette Smith说，“它必须是系统的、明确的教学。”)”可知，Tenette Smith认为一点自然拼读法是远远不够的，它必须是系统的和明确的教学，故其对“balanced literacy”的态度是不赞同的。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. (密西西比的成功归功于阅读方法的应用，这些方法得到了一系列被称为阅读科学的研究的支持。)”以及本段中“They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.(他们发现，在音素意识、流畅性和理解方面的明确指导下，自然拼读法效果最好。)”可知，作者认为，采用科学的方法来教授阅读有助于密西西比的成功。故选C。
Passage 5
（2024·河北邢台·模拟预测）A team of researchers from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) have designed a humanoid robot to fly planes.
The newly designed robot is called Pibot, and according to its creators, the robot is able to respond to emergency situations much faster than a human pilot. However, this claim has yet to be independently tested. The humanoid robot pilot stands at just over five feet tall and uses large language models to memorize the flight manual of an aircraft. Notably, large language models are the unpinning technology powering artificial intelligence tools such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
According, to David Shim, an associate professor of electrical engineering at KAIST, who spoke to Euronews, Pibot is able to manipulate the controls within the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a plane“just like a human”, meaning the cockpit won’t have to be specifically designed for Pibot. The robot is equipped with external cameras, according to its creators, ensuring that all aircraft vitals are kept at operational levels.
“Pibot is a humanoid robot that can fly an aeroplane just like a human pilot by handling all the single controls in the cockpit, which are designed for humans,” said Shim. “Humans can fly many aeroplanes, but they do have these habits built into them,” he added. “So when they try to convert to different aeroplanes they have to take another qualification.”
“With the pilot robot, if we teach individual aeroplane configuration (构造), then we can fly the aeroplane by simply clicking the aeroplane’s type,” Shim explained.
As for elsewhere it could be used, the team says it could be employed in extreme environments that are not suitable for humans. So far, the team has only carried out simulations (模拟), but is in talks with Airbus to use Pibot for test flights using its newly-developed electric aircraft. In other words, the humanoid robot is ready to take the fall in case something goes wrong.
17．What was Pibot created for
A．To fix planes if necessary.
B．To operate planes as pilots.
C．To deal with emergencies if needed.
D．To cooperate with the plane harmoniously.
18．What does the underlined word “manipulate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Remove. C．Recover. D．Handle,
19．What is Shim’s attitude towards Pibot
A．Negative. B．Approving. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.
20．What do we know about the prospect of Pibot
A．It has been tested and will be on sale.
B．It will take the place of pilots completely.
C．It can be applied in extreme conditions.
D．It is going to fly planes if the plane goes wrong.
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了能够替代飞行员的Pibot的优势以及未来发展前景。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of researchers from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) have designed a humanoid robot to fly planes.(韩国科学技术研究院的一组研究人员设计了一台人形机器人来驾驶飞机)”和第二段“The newly designed robot is called Pibot(新设计的机器人被称为Pibot)”可知Pilot用来驾驶飞机。故选B。
18．词义猜测题。根据后文“According, to David Shim, an associate professor of electrical engineering at KAIST, who spoke to Euronews, Pibot is able to manipulate the controls within the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a plane“just like a human”, meaning the cockpit won’t have to be specifically designed for Pibot. (KAIST电子工程副教授David Shim在接受euronenews采访时表示，Pibot能够“像人类一样”manipulate飞机驾驶舱，这意味着驾驶舱不需要专门为Pibot设计。)”可知机器人能够像人一样操纵机器，所以划线的词表示Handle“操纵”。故选D。
19．观点态度推理判断题。根据“With the pilot robot, if we teach individual aeroplane configuration, then we can fly the aeroplane by simply clicking the aeroplane’s type.(使用飞行员机器人，如果我们教授他们单独的飞机配置，那么我们只需点击飞机的类型，机器人就可以飞行飞机)”可知Shim对Pibot的态度是Approving(赞成的)。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As for elsewhere it could be used, the team says it could be employed in extreme environments that are not suitable for humans.(至于它的其他用途，研究小组表示，它可以在不适合人类生存的极端环境中使用。)”可知这种机器人可以被运用到极端条件下。故选C。专题06 观点态度推理判断题
知考法明考向: 该题型有时会考查作者对某人或某事物的观点态度，文中有时可能会直接表达出来,但大多数时候隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的特殊词汇或句子中。有时也会考查文中人物的观点或态度,此时要特别注意该人物的语言，有时还要结合有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理的推断。积累表示观点态度的词汇有助于解决此类题目。
做真题 悟技法
（2023·全国甲卷 C篇）
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
1．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher.
2．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
3．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well-presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
4．What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
技法点拨：推敲关键词句法
三类常用词汇：
中性词:objective/neutral/unclearl subjective/indifferent
褒义词:positive/favorable/approval
贬义词: doubtful/critical/disappointed/ negative/worried
2个关键
弄清楚谁对什么的态度
抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例,注意流露作者思想倾向或感彩的形容词、副词或动词
练模拟 提能力
Passage 1
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Every order of takeout comes with aside of single-use plastics and each plastic fork, knife, spoon and straw—whether or not you wanted it or used it—ends up in the trash.
New research found that 139 million metric tons of single-use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single-use plastics compared to2019. A hunger for takeout meals during the pandemic contributed to the surge.
An estimated 60%of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300%faster than in-house dining; that means millions of single-use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.
New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single-use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.
The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single-use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don’t order the single-use plastics won’t receive them.
The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill (填埋场) every year.
“Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out,” says Goldsmith. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they’re not needed.”
To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D．C． and Chicago. California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single-use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request.
Organizations like upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.
1．What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Strong panic. B．Good solution.
C．Sharp increase. D．Great pressure
2．What can be done according to Skip the Stuff
A．Selecting green products.
B．Providing utensils only on request.
C．Recycling and reusing some utensils.
D．Using identical products nationwide.
3．What is the aim of the newly passed bills
A．To better serve customers. B．To reduce plastic waste.
C．To correct bad eating habits. D．To prevent illegal activities.
4．What is Goldsmith’s attitude towards the Skip the Stuff campaign
A．Concerned. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear.
Passage 2
（2024·广东·一模）If you’ve noticed you’re getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it’s not just you. “Shrinkflation” — reducing a product’s size or quantity while keeping its price stable — is showing up in shops around the world.
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human cost, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. “Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don’t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits.
For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.
Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it’s a tough hit to the bottom line — especially because the price of products generally doesn’t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.
5．Why does shrinkflation make consumers “less painful” according to Stiving
A．Shrinkflation reduces human cost.
B．Shrinkflation raises purchasing power.
C．Consumers become more aware of size.
D．Consumers experience little increase in cost.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The concerns of shoppers. B．The interests of companies.
C．The impact of shrinkflation. D．The phenomenon of inflation.
7．What is the author’s attitude to the shrinkflation in paragraph 4
A．Favorable. B．Objective.
C．Dismissive. D．Unclear.
8．What should consumers do according to the last paragraph
A．Draw a bottom line. B．Put warning stickers.
C．Choose smaller packs. D．Make a conscious decision.
Passage 3
（2024·湖北·二模）Every morning on the island of Oahu, students at Pu’ hala Elementary gather on a field as towering mountains watch them from the mist. Their day starts with songs in ‘ lelo Hawai’i, the islands’ native language, restating values of respect and justice that their teachers hope will guide them through their education, and throughout their lives.
Like most kids their age, they’re not concerned about the significance of the language they’re learning. Still, they have a weighty responsibility: to receive the torch (火炬) and ensure the security of ‘ lelo Hawai’ i for future generations.
It was only 50 years ago that the language was on the edge of extinction. Though the situation is much improved, in many ways ‘ lelo Hawai’ i is still on life support. Teachers say there’s a huge enthusiasm for school kids to learn the language, but as they grow up, they’re encouraged to focus on “more useful” subjects and use English, which are believed to assist them in achieving success in their work. In 2016, there were 18, 610 Hawaiian speakers on the islands.
“One hundred thousand is the approximate number of speakers needed to consider the language safe, ” says Solomon, professor of Hawaiian language at University of Hawai’i at Manoa. “The idea is that there are enough people passing it on to the next generation, socializing their children to use the language in all domains of life, to express all thoughts and needs and desires. ”
Fortunately, the kids of Pu’ hala Elementary will take the responsibility to continue the work of the current young adults defending the language, expanding access to ‘ lelo Hawai’i in part through TikTok and Instagram, and making the language a practical skill in adulthood. These youth, along with those committed to recovering the language from previous generations, share their hopes for the better.
9．What are the students at Pu’ hala Elementary expected to do
A．To figure out the value of life. B．To go out of the island of Oahu.
C．To pass their native language down. D．To draw people’s attention to folk songs.
10．What makes the students abandon ‘ lelo Hawai’i
A．Career development. B．The improved situation.
C．Lack of enthusiasm. D．Little educational support.
11．What is the current situation of ‘ lelo Hawai’i according to professor Solomon
A．It is used in all walks of life. B．It is considered a safe language.
C．It demands more speakers to be safe. D．It has one hundred thousand speakers.
12．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of ‘ lelo Hawai’i
A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Unclear. D．Reserved.
Passage 4
（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
13．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A．It is ill reputed. B．It is mostly misapplied.
C．It is totally ignored. D．It is seemingly contradictory.
14．What has America been witnessing
A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
15．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A．Tolerant. B．Enthusiastic. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
16．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
Passage 5
（2024·河北邢台·模拟预测）A team of researchers from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) have designed a humanoid robot to fly planes.
The newly designed robot is called Pibot, and according to its creators, the robot is able to respond to emergency situations much faster than a human pilot. However, this claim has yet to be independently tested. The humanoid robot pilot stands at just over five feet tall and uses large language models to memorize the flight manual of an aircraft. Notably, large language models are the unpinning technology powering artificial intelligence tools such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
According, to David Shim, an associate professor of electrical engineering at KAIST, who spoke to Euronews, Pibot is able to manipulate the controls within the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a plane“just like a human”, meaning the cockpit won’t have to be specifically designed for Pibot. The robot is equipped with external cameras, according to its creators, ensuring that all aircraft vitals are kept at operational levels.
“Pibot is a humanoid robot that can fly an aeroplane just like a human pilot by handling all the single controls in the cockpit, which are designed for humans,” said Shim. “Humans can fly many aeroplanes, but they do have these habits built into them,” he added. “So when they try to convert to different aeroplanes they have to take another qualification.”
“With the pilot robot, if we teach individual aeroplane configuration (构造), then we can fly the aeroplane by simply clicking the aeroplane’s type,” Shim explained.
As for elsewhere it could be used, the team says it could be employed in extreme environments that are not suitable for humans. So far, the team has only carried out simulations (模拟), but is in talks with Airbus to use Pibot for test flights using its newly-developed electric aircraft. In other words, the humanoid robot is ready to take the fall in case something goes wrong.
17．What was Pibot created for
A．To fix planes if necessary.
B．To operate planes as pilots.
C．To deal with emergencies if needed.
D．To cooperate with the plane harmoniously.
18．What does the underlined word “manipulate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Remove. C．Recover. D．Handle,
19．What is Shim’s attitude towards Pibot
A．Negative. B．Approving. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.
20．What do we know about the prospect of Pibot
A．It has been tested and will be on sale.
B．It will take the place of pilots completely.
C．It can be applied in extreme conditions.
D．It is going to fly planes if the plane goes wrong.
