专题10 词句猜测题
知考法 明考向: 该题型是阅读理解的必考题型。除了直接考查词义猜测外,在阅读理解的文章中,有时会有一些单词或短语超出了课程标准的范围，这时需要考生根据上下文猜测词义,从而准确理解文章,这是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。常见的设问方式有:1.What does“...”underlined in paragraph...refer to 2.Which of the lowing can best replace the underlined word "...” in paragraph.. 3. What does the author mean by saying"...” 等。句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测一个具有概括性的句子的意思,要求考生通过分析上下文语境,用合适的语句进行解释。
做真题 悟技法
（2023·新课标 I , C篇）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
5种语法关系
①标点符号:破折号(一)、冒号(:)、分号(;)后的内容;引号(“”)或括号中的内容
②下定义:be,mean,refer to, be called/named,be defined as,represent,be considered等后面的内容是对前面内容的注解性说明
③定语从句(尤其注意which/ who后的非限制性定语从句)
④同位语(从句):同位语(从句)是对其前面内容的解释说明
⑤举例常用语:for example,for instance,such as,like,include,including等后的内容
5种逻辑关系
①转折:but,however,otherwise,while,yet
②对比:unlike,in contrast, while,whereas,on the contrary,on the other hand, rather than,instead of
③并列:similarly,like,or,namely,in other words,that is to say,just as,and also,as well as,the same as,as...as
④原因:because,since,because of,due to,thanks to,for,as a result of
⑤结果:so,therefore,so that,so/such... that...,lead to,result in,contribute to
"意义吻合’定句意
一定位 返回原文，定位画线句,利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句
二分析 分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳 归纳总结,找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
练模拟 提能力
Passage 1
（2024·河北·模拟预测）The sound of people chewing or baby screaming can drive some people into anger, and scientists have actually discovered the neurological (神经系统的) wiring responsible for this strange condition. This kind of phenomenon is called misophonia (恐音症). While it’s been recognized as a condition since 2000, research into its cause has been limited. There are no official criteria and those who experience it often find it difficult to be taken seriously.
In 2017, a team led by researchers from Newcastle University found evidence of changes to the brain’s frontal lobe (额叶) that could account for the emotional response triggered by sounds in those with misophonia.
A test group of 20 volunteers listened to neutral, repetitive sounds, such as a boiling kettle; annoying sounds such as a baby’s cry, and “triggering” sounds, including breathing noises or loud chewing. Their neurological and physiological responses were compared with those from a control group of 22 volunteers without misophonia.
Neither group reacted much to the neutral or annoying sounds. When it came to the “triggering” sounds, however, those in the test group experienced significantly increased heart rates and skin conductivity. Brain scans also revealed a marked difference in the volunteers’ neurology. In those with misophonia, the triggering noises are correlated with increased activity in various regions of the brain, including the frontal lobe and the anterior insular cortex (前岛叶皮质AIC), which is responsible for a bunch of mediation tasks, including managing emotional experience. While the triggering sounds also sparked a reaction in the AIC of those without misophonia, the fact that there was no marked increase in the activity of areas such as AIC indicates a higher level of control.
Team leader Sukhbinder Kumar said, “For many people with misophonia, the finding will come as welcome news, as for the first time, we have demonstrated a difference in brain structure and function in sufferers.” Sadly, the discovery doesn’t come with an easy fix. It might help the rest of us sympathize, however, and consider chewing with our mouths closed.
1．What can we learn about misophonia
A．It’s a condition where people cannot tolerate certain sounds.
B．It’s a psychological condition caused by loud chewing noises.
C．It’s a hearing disability that makes people sensitive to sound.
D．It’s a neurological disorder that affects the frontal lobe.
2．What does the underlined word “triggered” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Controlled. B．Relieved. C．Caused. D．Predicted.
3．What did the study conducted by Newcastle University find
A．Annoying sounds had a greater effect on people with misophonia.
B．Misophonia is caused by a lack of control over one’s emotions.
C．People with misophonia has a lower level of control.
D．AIC has little to do with emotional experience.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．When you can’t bear chewing sound, close your mouth
B．How you can fix sound disorder varies with different people.
C．Whether you can control annoying sound depends on your brain
D．If you can’t stand the sound of people chewing, blame your brain
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是恐音症以及对于恐音症发病原因的一些研究。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The sound of people chewing or baby screaming can drive some people into anger, and scientists have actually discovered the neurological (神经系统的) wiring responsible for this strange condition. This kind of phenomenon is called misophonia (恐音症).(人们咀嚼或婴儿尖叫的声音会让一些人感到愤怒，科学家们实际上已经发现了导致这种奇怪情况的神经线路。这种现象被称为恐音症)”可知，恐音症是一种人们无法忍受某些声音的情况。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The sound of people chewing or baby screaming can drive some people into anger (人们咀嚼或婴儿尖叫的声音会让一些人感到愤怒)”以及划线词上文“could account for the emotional response”可知，患有恐音症的人会因为咀嚼或婴儿尖叫的声音而产生情绪变化，即声音会造成他们的情绪反应。故划线词意思是“造成”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While the triggering sounds also sparked a reaction in the AIC of those without misophonia, the fact that there was no marked increase in the activity of areas such as AIC indicates a higher level of control. (虽然触发性声音也在没有恐音症的人的AIC中引发了反应，但AIC等区域的活动没有明显增加的事实表明，他们的控制水平更高)”可知，纽卡斯尔大学的研究发现恐音症患者的控制水平较低。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Team leader Sukhbinder Kumar said, “For many people with misophonia, the finding will come as welcome news, as for the first time, we have demonstrated a difference in brain structure and function in sufferers.” Sadly, the discovery doesn’t come with an easy fix. It might help the rest of us sympathize, however, and consider chewing with our mouths closed.(研究小组负责人苏赫宾德·库马尔说:“对于许多恐音症患者来说，这一发现将是一个好消息，因为我们首次证明了患者的大脑结构和功能存在差异。”遗憾的是，这一发现并不容易解决。然而，它可能会帮助我们其他人产生共鸣，并考虑闭着嘴咀嚼)”结合文章主要解释了什么是恐音症以及对于恐音症发病原因的一些研究。可知，D选项“如果你不能忍受别人咀嚼的声音，那就怪你的大脑”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 2
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）The combined quantity of water on Earth has varied over the course of our planet’s geological history, and it still does.
Today, Earth includes some 1,386 million cubic kilometres of water, a volume that includes water in oceans, lakes and rivers, plus ground water, vapour in the atmosphere, and the frozen water of glaciers and ice caps. On the young Earth — some four billion years ago — vast quantities of water were added to the planet by ice-containing comets (a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright star with a tail) that struck us, eventually making our world a “blue planet”. But such events became increasingly rare in Earth’s more recent history, and today we are in an age during which Earth is losing water.
The water loss is due to the fact that particles (微粒) sometimes escape Earth’s gravity to travel into space. This is particularly true of the light hydrogen atoms that form part of water molecules (分子) together with oxygen. Every time the atmosphere loses hydrogen, we lose one of the building blocks of water. Scientists estimate that Earth loses about 3kg of hydrogen per second. At this pace, Earth would run out of water in three billion years — but that assumes that we don’t get any new water supplies.
New water need not come from space — it might come from the inside of the Earth. At depths below 50km, minerals contain water that is not reckoned within the water cycle. Some of it dates back to Earth’s formation; the rest is part of slow geological exchange between the planet’s layers. When Earth’s plates sink and melt, deep minerals can release these bound water molecules so that they can subsequently rise to the surface via volcanic eruptions, adding to the planet’s overall water resources.
5．How did Earth become a “blue planet” in geological time
A．By getting water from comets B．By making use of glaciers.
C．By releasing its inside water. D．By storing water in the ocean.
6．What is the scientists’ attitude towards the water loss on Earth
A．Serious. B．Regretful. C．Uncertain. D．Unworried.
7．The underlined word “reckoned” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．locked B．displayed C．counted D．marked
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Where Can Water Be Stored B．Could Earth Run Out of Water
C．How Can New Water Be Found D．Will There Be More Water on Earth
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。虽然地球现在正处于失去水的时期，但是由于可以从地球内部得到水资源的补充，地球上的水并不会耗尽。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“On the young Earth — some four billion years ago — vast quantities of water were added to the planet by ice-containing comets (a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright star with a tail) that struck us, eventually making our world a “blue planet”.(大约40亿年前，在年轻的地球上，含有冰的彗星（围绕太阳运行的一团冰和尘埃，看起来像一颗有尾巴的明亮恒星）撞击了我们，给地球增加了大量的水，最终使我们的世界成为一个“蓝色星球”)”可知，地球是通过从彗星上获取水在地质时代成为“蓝色星球”的。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“but that assumes that we don’t get any new water supplies(但这是假设我们没有得到任何新的水供应)”和第四段第一句“New water need not come from space — it might come from the inside of the Earth.(新的水不一定来自太空——它可能来自地球内部)”可推知，科学家对地球上的水分流失并不担忧。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“New water need not come from space — it might come from the inside of the Earth.(新的水不一定来自太空——它可能来自地球内部)”和下文“Some of it dates back to Earth’s formation; the rest is part of slow geological exchange between the planet’s layers.(其中一些可以追溯到地球形成的时候；剩下的部分是地球各层之间缓慢的地质交换)”可知，此处是指在50公里以下的深度，矿物质中含有的水不属于水循环。由此可知，划线词reckoned与counted“包括”意思一致。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The combined quantity of water on Earth has varied over the course of our planet’s geological history, and it still does.(在地球的地质历史过程中，地球上的总水量一直在变化，现在仍然如此)”，第二段最后一句“But such events became increasingly rare in Earth’s more recent history, and today we are in an age during which Earth is losing water.(但这样的事件在地球近代史上变得越来越罕见，今天我们正处于地球失去水的时代)”，第三段最后一句“At this pace, Earth would run out of water in three billion years — but that assumes that we don’t get any new water supplies.(按照这个速度，地球上的水将在30亿年内耗尽——但这是假设我们没有得到任何新的水供应。)”，最后一段第一句“New water need not come from space — it might come from the inside of the Earth.(新的水不一定来自太空——它可能来自地球内部)”和最后一句“When Earth’s plates sink and melt, deep minerals can release these bound water molecules so that they can subsequently rise to the surface via volcanic eruptions, adding to the planet’s overall water resources.(当地球板块下沉和融化时，深层矿物质可以释放这些结合水分子，这样它们就可以通过火山爆发上升到地表，增加地球的整体水资源)”可知，文章主要是讲虽然地球现在正处于失去水的时期，但是由于可以从地球内部得到水资源的补充，地球上的水并不会耗尽。由此可知，Could Earth Run Out of Water (地球上的水会枯竭吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
Passage 3
（2024·江苏南京·一模）Scientists have shown how plants can protect themselves against genetic (基因的) damage caused by environmental stresses. The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA．
Plants have small populations of stem cells (干细胞) at the tips of their roots and shoots, which enable them to continuously grow and produce new tissues throughout their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestors for plant tissues and organs. However, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will continue to exist and be passed on permanently throughout the plant’s life, which could last thousands of years.
Given the critical role of stem cells and their exposure to potentially dangerous environments at the growing tips of roots and shoots, safeguards are necessary to prevent stem cell faults from becoming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, aimed to uncover these protective mechanisms. Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells.
When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the propagation of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues. This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer.
The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change.
9．What is the function of the in-built mechanism in plants
A．To produce more roots and shoots. B．To increase the overall lifetime of the plant.
C．To enhance plant growth and nutrient intake. D．To stop genetic faults in stem cells passing on.
10．What can we know about stem cells in plants according to the text
A．They are relatively abundant in quantity. B．They are resistant to environmental stresses.
C．They make quick response to DNA damage. D．They have the ability to repair damaged DNA．
11．What does the underlined word “propagation” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Spread. B．Change. C．Existence. D．Self-repair.
12．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．The way of dealing with climate change on the earth.
B．The significance of identifying the protective system in plants.
C．The method of ensuring plant survival under environmental stress.
D．The urgency of developing plants that can handle environmental stress.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经展示了植物如何保护自己免受环境压力造成的遗传损害，即植物拥有内建机制，来阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA.(植物的根和芽的生长尖端有一个内置的机制，如果检测到DNA损伤，就会导致细胞死亡，从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递给下一代)”可知，植物内建机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells.(通过涉及x射线和化学物质的实验，他们发现干细胞比其他细胞对DNA损伤更敏感)”可知，植物中的干细胞对DNA损伤做出快速反应。故选C。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the”以及后文“of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues”可知，当DNA受损时，细胞有能力检测到它，并导致程序化细胞死亡，防止受损的遗传密码传播到植物组织的其他部分。故划线词意思是“传播”。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change.(在植物中发现类似的保护系统在植物发育领域具有重要意义。它还帮助科学家培育出能够更好地应对环境压力的植物。因此，了解植物如何应对这些压力对农业科学应对气候变化具有重要意义)”可知，最后一段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义。故选B。
Passage 4
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）A relationship between the amount of adult speech children are exposed to and the concentration of myelin, a substance in the brain, has been found, researchers say.
“I think the take-home message is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain,” says the lead author, Prof. John P. Spencer of the University of East Anglia.
The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.
While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.
“When babies are six months old, they experience massive growth of new nerve cells,” he says. “So the input comes in and may help extend the period of brain growth.” “While at 30 months, the brain starts to cut back some of the cell growth, and form specific connections. That’s where myelin comes in. So now the input starts to help structure the myelin,” he adds.
The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language. The next step for them is to figure out whether the 6-month-old babies showing that negative connection will surely turn into 30-month-old kids who show positive relationship.
Dr. Saloni Krishnan, Reader in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) at Royal Holloway, University of London, who is not involved in the work, however, notes individual differences in language ability are linked to genetics. “Children who are exposed to more language at home and have higher myelination will also have inherited genes (经遗传获得的基因) from parents who are more excellent in languages,” she said. “No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”
13．Which can replace the underlined words “take-home message” in paragraph 2
A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.
14．What surprises the team
A．The finding for the 30-month-olds. B．The finding for the 6-month-olds.
C．How the input help nerve cells grow. D．How the input help structure the myelin.
15．What does the researchers think of adult speech
A．It is positively related to myelin. B．It cuts back some of the cell growth.
C．Its effect varies with the size of brains. D．It is helpful for both groups’ language ability.
16．What might Dr. Saloni Krishnan approve of
A．The team should do more research. B．Inherited genes decide language ability.
C．Parents must talk more to their kids. D．The concentration of myelin makes no sense.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面）和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。
13．词义猜测题。根据划线词“is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain”可知，Prof. John P. Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故划线词意思是“重点”。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.(研究小组发现，对于30个月大的婴儿来说，更多的成人语言与大脑中语言相关通路中更多的髓磷脂有关;然而，对于6个月大的婴儿来说，情况正好相反)”以及第四段“While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.(虽然后者出乎意料，但斯宾塞指出了一个可能的因素:大脑的发育阶段)”可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language”可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”(“在测试这种潜在的遗传效应之前，无法得出最终结论。然而，目前还没有关于孩子应该接受多少信息的标准，照顾者不必感到压力，要和孩子多说话。”)”可知，Dr. Saloni Krishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A项。
Passage 5
（2024·山东青岛·一模）An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas” —cagles don’t hunt flies—meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small, insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles.
The story starts with the acacia trees(金合欢树)in an African wildlife area in central KenyaSome of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species, which in turn defend the tree against herbivores(食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leavesThis is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.
But these ants are in trouble.Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree-protecting ants.This, in turn, sets off an entire chain of events that ends up influencing when and how lions can hunt.
This ant invasion(入侵)affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in．
“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten andwhere,” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida.
The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead, they are targeting water buffalo.But this also isn’t the end of the story.Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line
17．What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 2mean
A．Direct. B．Discourage. C．Identify. D．Seek.
18．What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction
A．Cooperating with “big-headed” ants. B．Damaging the hiding place for lions.
C．Protecting the acacias from herbivores. D．Starting off the disturbance of the chain.
19．The author mentions lions, zebras and water buffalo to show that ______.
A．animals fall victim to bigger ones B．the ecology is on the road to recovery
C．animals are corelated in the ecosystem D．species are firmly positioned in the food chain
20．What is the text mainly about
A．What ecologists find about animals. B．Why African lions are endangered.
C．How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt. D．How the law of the jungle works in Africa.
【答案】17．B 18．B 19．C 20．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何影响狮子的捕猎方式。
17．词句猜测题。根据上文“The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves. This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores(蚂蚁正在积极攻击并赶走试图以树叶为食的食草动物。这是非常有效的；蚂蚁不仅在身体上伤害食草动物)”可知，蚂蚁对合欢树具有保护作用。由此猜测“ but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.”意为“蚂蚁还释放出可以阻止其他潜在攻击者的化学物质”，即deter意为“阻止”，与discourage同义。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This ant invasion(入侵)affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.(蚂蚁的入侵影响了一件又一件事。这使得金合欢树无法抵御食草动物，尤其是大象。大象吃金合欢的速度是未被入侵地区的5到7倍。狮子在寻找食物的时候，没有更多的树可以用来躲藏。)”可知，在食物链中大象破坏狮子的藏身之处。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten andwhere,” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida.(来自佛罗里达州的生态学家托德·帕尔默(Todd Palmer)说:“这些微小的入侵者正在拉动非洲生态系统的纽带，决定谁被吃掉，在哪里被吃掉。”)”和最后一段“The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras. The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover. Instead, they are targeting water buffalo. (已经濒临灭绝的狮子正在设法解决这个问题，不再把注意力集中在斑马身上。斑马，当然，可以更好地看到它们靠近，因为缺乏掩护。相反，它们的目标是水牛。)”可知，蚂蚁的入侵导致金合欢树大量被吃，使得狮子在狩猎时失去掩护，这导致以斑马为主食的狮子转而猎杀水牛。由此推知，作者提到狮子、斑马和水牛是为了说明动物在生态系统中是相互关联的。故选C。
20．
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles.(但是东非的狮子应该关注这些看起来微不足道的蚂蚁，因为这些蚂蚁正在改变它们的生活方式。)”可知，文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何影响狮子的捕猎方式。故选C。
Passage 6
（2024·山东日照·一模）Sri Nihal Tammana, age 13, of Edison, New Jersey, was named a winner of the 2022 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. The Barron Prize annually honors 25 outstanding young leaders who have made a significant positive impact on people, their communities, and the environment.
Nihal founded Recycle My Battery to promote and facilitate the recycling of used batteries. His nonprofit places free battery recycling bins(箱子)and educates young people and adults about battery recycling. In just three years he has built a team of more than 250 student volunteers across the globe who have recycled nearly 200,000 batteries and educated millions of people. Nihal learned at age 10 that 15 billion batteries are thrown away each year and that most end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)where they pollute groundwater, harm the ecosystem, and can cause catastrophic fires. Inspired to tackle the problem, he began collecting used batteries from his community. He put them in free recycling bins at stores like Staples until he was told he was bringing too many and had to stop.
Undeterred, he reached out for help from Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling nonprofit in North America. Call2Recycle agreed to assist and provided recycling bins for free, which were placed in schools, libraries, and other public places. Nihal’s organization now operates across the U.S. and is expanding to other countries including Canada, Switzerland, and India. “Earth gives us so much — oxygen, food, water — everything! So it’s important that we give something back when we can,” says Nihal.
The Barron Prize was founded in 2001 by author T. A．Barron. “Nothing is more inspiring than stories about heroic people who have truly made a difference to the world,” says T. A．Barron. “And we need our heroes today more than ever. Not celebrities, but heroes — people whose character can inspire us all. That is the purpose of the Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others.”
21．What does Recycle My Battery intend to do
A．Protect the earth from used batteries. B．Promote used batteries across the globe.
C．Make money by collecting used batteries. D．Stop people throwing used batteries away.
22．What does the underlined word “Undeterred” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Undiscouraged. B．Unprepared. C．Unsurprised. D．Uninterested.
23．How did Call2Recycle help Nihal’s organization
A．By making it go global. B．By offering free recycling bins.
C．By providing financial support. D．By buying more used batteries.
24．What is the text mainly about
A．The importance of recycling batteries.
B．The impact of batteries on the environment.
C．The achievements of the Barron Prize winners.
D．The inspiring story of a young environmentalist.
【答案】21．A 22．A 23．B 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了12岁的Gloria Barron Prize得主Sri Nihal Tammana保护地球免受废旧电池污染的励志故事。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nihal founded Recycle My Battery to promote and facilitate the recycling of used batteries. His nonprofit places free battery recycling bins (箱子) and educates young people and adults about battery recycling.(Nihal成立了Recycle My Battery，以促进和促进废旧电池的回收。他的非营利组织提供免费的电池回收箱，并教育年轻人和成年人有关电池回收的知识)”可知，Recycle My Battery旨在保护地球免受废旧电池的污染，故选A。
22．词句猜测题。第二段末句“He put them in free recycling bins at stores like Staples until he was told he was bringing too many and had to stop.(他把它们放在Staples等商店的免费回收箱里，直到有人告诉他带的太多了，他不得不停止)”提到他不得不停止将废旧电池放到回收箱，结合划线词后文“he reached out for help from Call2Recycle(他向Call2Recycle寻求帮助)”可知，他向Call2Recycle寻求帮助，说明他没有气馁，Undeterred意为“不屈不挠的，没有气馁的”，故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Call2Recycle agreed to assist and provided recycling bins for free, which were placed in schools, libraries, and other public places.(Call2Recycle同意提供帮助，并免费提供回收箱，这些回收箱放置在学校，图书馆和其他公共场所)”可知，Call2Recycle组织通过提供免费的回收箱来帮助Nihal的组织，故选B。
24．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Sri Nihal Tammana, age 13, of Edison, New Jersey, was named a winner of the 2022 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. The Barron Prize annually honors 25 outstanding young leaders who have made a significant positive impact on people, their communities, and the environment.(来自新泽西州爱迪生的13岁的Sri Nihal Tammana被提名为2022年Gloria Barron青年英雄奖的获得者。Barron Prize每年表彰25位对人类、社区和环境产生重大积极影响的杰出青年领袖)”和最后一段中“That is the purpose of the Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others.(这就是Barron Prize的目的：让这些了不起的年轻人受到关注，这样他们的故事就会激励其他人)”可知，文章主要介绍了12岁的Gloria Barron Prize得主Sri Nihal Tammana保护地球免受废旧电池污染的励志故事，D项“一位年轻环保主义者的励志故事”能够总结文章大意，故选D。专题10 词句猜测题
知考法 明考向: 该题型是阅读理解的必考题型。除了直接考查词义猜测外,在阅读理解的文章中,有时会有一些单词或短语超出了课程标准的范围，这时需要考生根据上下文猜测词义,从而准确理解文章,这是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。常见的设问方式有:1.What does“...”underlined in paragraph...refer to 2.Which of the lowing can best replace the underlined word "...” in paragraph.. 3. What does the author mean by saying"...” 等。句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测一个具有概括性的句子的意思,要求考生通过分析上下文语境,用合适的语句进行解释。
做真题 悟技法
（2023·新课标 I , C篇）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
5种语法关系
①标点符号:破折号(一)、冒号(:)、分号(;)后的内容;引号(“”)或括号中的内容
②下定义:be,mean,refer to, be called/named,be defined as,represent,be considered等后面的内容是对前面内容的注解性说明
③定语从句(尤其注意which/ who后的非限制性定语从句)
④同位语(从句):同位语(从句)是对其前面内容的解释说明
⑤举例常用语:for example,for instance,such as,like,include,including等后的内容
5种逻辑关系
①转折:but,however,otherwise,while,yet
②对比:unlike,in contrast, while,whereas,on the contrary,on the other hand, rather than,instead of
③并列:similarly,like,or,namely,in other words,that is to say,just as,and also,as well as,the same as,as...as
④原因:because,since,because of,due to,thanks to,for,as a result of
⑤结果:so,therefore,so that,so/such... that...,lead to,result in,contribute to
"意义吻合’定句意
一定位 返回原文，定位画线句,利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句
二分析 分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳 归纳总结,找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
练模拟 提能力
Passage 1
（2024·河北·模拟预测）The sound of people chewing or baby screaming can drive some people into anger, and scientists have actually discovered the neurological (神经系统的) wiring responsible for this strange condition. This kind of phenomenon is called misophonia (恐音症). While it’s been recognized as a condition since 2000, research into its cause has been limited. There are no official criteria and those who experience it often find it difficult to be taken seriously.
In 2017, a team led by researchers from Newcastle University found evidence of changes to the brain’s frontal lobe (额叶) that could account for the emotional response triggered by sounds in those with misophonia.
A test group of 20 volunteers listened to neutral, repetitive sounds, such as a boiling kettle; annoying sounds such as a baby’s cry, and “triggering” sounds, including breathing noises or loud chewing. Their neurological and physiological responses were compared with those from a control group of 22 volunteers without misophonia.
Neither group reacted much to the neutral or annoying sounds. When it came to the “triggering” sounds, however, those in the test group experienced significantly increased heart rates and skin conductivity. Brain scans also revealed a marked difference in the volunteers’ neurology. In those with misophonia, the triggering noises are correlated with increased activity in various regions of the brain, including the frontal lobe and the anterior insular cortex (前岛叶皮质AIC), which is responsible for a bunch of mediation tasks, including managing emotional experience. While the triggering sounds also sparked a reaction in the AIC of those without misophonia, the fact that there was no marked increase in the activity of areas such as AIC indicates a higher level of control.
Team leader Sukhbinder Kumar said, “For many people with misophonia, the finding will come as welcome news, as for the first time, we have demonstrated a difference in brain structure and function in sufferers.” Sadly, the discovery doesn’t come with an easy fix. It might help the rest of us sympathize, however, and consider chewing with our mouths closed.
1．What can we learn about misophonia
A．It’s a condition where people cannot tolerate certain sounds.
B．It’s a psychological condition caused by loud chewing noises.
C．It’s a hearing disability that makes people sensitive to sound.
D．It’s a neurological disorder that affects the frontal lobe.
2．What does the underlined word “triggered” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Controlled. B．Relieved. C．Caused. D．Predicted.
3．What did the study conducted by Newcastle University find
A．Annoying sounds had a greater effect on people with misophonia.
B．Misophonia is caused by a lack of control over one’s emotions.
C．People with misophonia has a lower level of control.
D．AIC has little to do with emotional experience.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．When you can’t bear chewing sound, close your mouth
B．How you can fix sound disorder varies with different people.
C．Whether you can control annoying sound depends on your brain
D．If you can’t stand the sound of people chewing, blame your brain
Passage 2
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）The combined quantity of water on Earth has varied over the course of our planet’s geological history, and it still does.
Today, Earth includes some 1,386 million cubic kilometres of water, a volume that includes water in oceans, lakes and rivers, plus ground water, vapour in the atmosphere, and the frozen water of glaciers and ice caps. On the young Earth — some four billion years ago — vast quantities of water were added to the planet by ice-containing comets (a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright star with a tail) that struck us, eventually making our world a “blue planet”. But such events became increasingly rare in Earth’s more recent history, and today we are in an age during which Earth is losing water.
The water loss is due to the fact that particles (微粒) sometimes escape Earth’s gravity to travel into space. This is particularly true of the light hydrogen atoms that form part of water molecules (分子) together with oxygen. Every time the atmosphere loses hydrogen, we lose one of the building blocks of water. Scientists estimate that Earth loses about 3kg of hydrogen per second. At this pace, Earth would run out of water in three billion years — but that assumes that we don’t get any new water supplies.
New water need not come from space — it might come from the inside of the Earth. At depths below 50km, minerals contain water that is not reckoned within the water cycle. Some of it dates back to Earth’s formation; the rest is part of slow geological exchange between the planet’s layers. When Earth’s plates sink and melt, deep minerals can release these bound water molecules so that they can subsequently rise to the surface via volcanic eruptions, adding to the planet’s overall water resources.
5．How did Earth become a “blue planet” in geological time
A．By getting water from comets B．By making use of glaciers.
C．By releasing its inside water. D．By storing water in the ocean.
6．What is the scientists’ attitude towards the water loss on Earth
A．Serious. B．Regretful. C．Uncertain. D．Unworried.
7．The underlined word “reckoned” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．locked B．displayed C．counted D．marked
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Where Can Water Be Stored B．Could Earth Run Out of Water
C．How Can New Water Be Found D．Will There Be More Water on Earth
Passage 3
（2024·江苏南京·一模）Scientists have shown how plants can protect themselves against genetic (基因的) damage caused by environmental stresses. The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA．
Plants have small populations of stem cells (干细胞) at the tips of their roots and shoots, which enable them to continuously grow and produce new tissues throughout their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestors for plant tissues and organs. However, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will continue to exist and be passed on permanently throughout the plant’s life, which could last thousands of years.
Given the critical role of stem cells and their exposure to potentially dangerous environments at the growing tips of roots and shoots, safeguards are necessary to prevent stem cell faults from becoming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, aimed to uncover these protective mechanisms. Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells.
When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the propagation of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues. This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer.
The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change.
9．What is the function of the in-built mechanism in plants
A．To produce more roots and shoots. B．To increase the overall lifetime of the plant.
C．To enhance plant growth and nutrient intake. D．To stop genetic faults in stem cells passing on.
10．What can we know about stem cells in plants according to the text
A．They are relatively abundant in quantity. B．They are resistant to environmental stresses.
C．They make quick response to DNA damage. D．They have the ability to repair damaged DNA．
11．What does the underlined word “propagation” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Spread. B．Change. C．Existence. D．Self-repair.
12．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．The way of dealing with climate change on the earth.
B．The significance of identifying the protective system in plants.
C．The method of ensuring plant survival under environmental stress.
D．The urgency of developing plants that can handle environmental stress.
Passage 4
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）A relationship between the amount of adult speech children are exposed to and the concentration of myelin, a substance in the brain, has been found, researchers say.
“I think the take-home message is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain,” says the lead author, Prof. John P. Spencer of the University of East Anglia.
The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.
While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.
“When babies are six months old, they experience massive growth of new nerve cells,” he says. “So the input comes in and may help extend the period of brain growth.” “While at 30 months, the brain starts to cut back some of the cell growth, and form specific connections. That’s where myelin comes in. So now the input starts to help structure the myelin,” he adds.
The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language. The next step for them is to figure out whether the 6-month-old babies showing that negative connection will surely turn into 30-month-old kids who show positive relationship.
Dr. Saloni Krishnan, Reader in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) at Royal Holloway, University of London, who is not involved in the work, however, notes individual differences in language ability are linked to genetics. “Children who are exposed to more language at home and have higher myelination will also have inherited genes (经遗传获得的基因) from parents who are more excellent in languages,” she said. “No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”
13．Which can replace the underlined words “take-home message” in paragraph 2
A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.
14．What surprises the team
A．The finding for the 30-month-olds. B．The finding for the 6-month-olds.
C．How the input help nerve cells grow. D．How the input help structure the myelin.
15．What does the researchers think of adult speech
A．It is positively related to myelin. B．It cuts back some of the cell growth.
C．Its effect varies with the size of brains. D．It is helpful for both groups’ language ability.
16．What might Dr. Saloni Krishnan approve of
A．The team should do more research. B．Inherited genes decide language ability.
C．Parents must talk more to their kids. D．The concentration of myelin makes no sense.
Passage 5
（2024·山东青岛·一模）An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas” —cagles don’t hunt flies—meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small, insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles.
The story starts with the acacia trees(金合欢树)in an African wildlife area in central KenyaSome of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species, which in turn defend the tree against herbivores(食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leavesThis is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.
But these ants are in trouble.Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree-protecting ants.This, in turn, sets off an entire chain of events that ends up influencing when and how lions can hunt.
This ant invasion(入侵)affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in．
“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten andwhere,” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida.
The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead, they are targeting water buffalo.But this also isn’t the end of the story.Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line
17．What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 2mean
A．Direct. B．Discourage. C．Identify. D．Seek.
18．What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction
A．Cooperating with “big-headed” ants. B．Damaging the hiding place for lions.
C．Protecting the acacias from herbivores. D．Starting off the disturbance of the chain.
19．The author mentions lions, zebras and water buffalo to show that ______.
A．animals fall victim to bigger ones B．the ecology is on the road to recovery
C．animals are corelated in the ecosystem D．species are firmly positioned in the food chain
20．What is the text mainly about
A．What ecologists find about animals. B．Why African lions are endangered.
C．How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt. D．How the law of the jungle works in Africa.
Passage 6
（2024·山东日照·一模）Sri Nihal Tammana, age 13, of Edison, New Jersey, was named a winner of the 2022 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. The Barron Prize annually honors 25 outstanding young leaders who have made a significant positive impact on people, their communities, and the environment.
Nihal founded Recycle My Battery to promote and facilitate the recycling of used batteries. His nonprofit places free battery recycling bins(箱子)and educates young people and adults about battery recycling. In just three years he has built a team of more than 250 student volunteers across the globe who have recycled nearly 200,000 batteries and educated millions of people. Nihal learned at age 10 that 15 billion batteries are thrown away each year and that most end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)where they pollute groundwater, harm the ecosystem, and can cause catastrophic fires. Inspired to tackle the problem, he began collecting used batteries from his community. He put them in free recycling bins at stores like Staples until he was told he was bringing too many and had to stop.
Undeterred, he reached out for help from Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling nonprofit in North America. Call2Recycle agreed to assist and provided recycling bins for free, which were placed in schools, libraries, and other public places. Nihal’s organization now operates across the U.S. and is expanding to other countries including Canada, Switzerland, and India. “Earth gives us so much — oxygen, food, water — everything! So it’s important that we give something back when we can,” says Nihal.
The Barron Prize was founded in 2001 by author T. A．Barron. “Nothing is more inspiring than stories about heroic people who have truly made a difference to the world,” says T. A．Barron. “And we need our heroes today more than ever. Not celebrities, but heroes — people whose character can inspire us all. That is the purpose of the Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others.”
21．What does Recycle My Battery intend to do
A．Protect the earth from used batteries. B．Promote used batteries across the globe.
C．Make money by collecting used batteries. D．Stop people throwing used batteries away.
22．What does the underlined word “Undeterred” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Undiscouraged. B．Unprepared. C．Unsurprised. D．Uninterested.
23．How did Call2Recycle help Nihal’s organization
A．By making it go global. B．By offering free recycling bins.
C．By providing financial support. D．By buying more used batteries.
24．What is the text mainly about
A．The importance of recycling batteries.
B．The impact of batteries on the environment.
C．The achievements of the Barron Prize winners.
D．The inspiring story of a young environmentalist.
