专题03 短文选词填空12篇
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．essentially B．possibility C． analyzed D．inspired E. react F. tracking G. necessarily H. rules I. list J. disasters K. positive
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic 1 for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By 2 people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than 3 and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they 4 . You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers studying word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t 5 mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things To test for that 6 , Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague 7 the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the 8 than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this 9 feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that 10 negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
【答案】
1．H 2．F 3．J 4．E 5．G 6．B 7．C 8．I 9．K 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇 说明文。本文介绍了经过研究发现人们更喜欢好消息而不是坏消息，如果一篇文章越积极，就越有可能被分享。
1．考查名词。句意：这些是晚间广播和晨报的经典规则。根据空格前的形容词 classic和系动词are可知，空格处应填名词的复数形式作表语，rules“规则”为名词的复数形式，符合句意。故选H项。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过追踪人们的电子邮件和网上帖子，科学家们发现，好消息比灾难和悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。根据空格前的介词By可知，空格处应填动名词作宾语，tracking“追踪”为动名词形式，符合句意。故选F项。
3．考查名词。句意：通过追踪人们的电子邮件和网上帖子，科学家们发现，好消息比灾难和悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。空格处应填名词的复数形式和sob stories构成并列结构，disasters“灾难”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
4．考查动词。句意：但当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你更关心他们的反应。空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，根据主句谓语care可知应用一般现在时，react“反应”为动词，符合句意。故选E项。
5．考查副词。句意：研究人员研究了口碑传播——电子邮件、网络帖子和评论、面对面对话——发现它往往是积极的，而不是消极的，但这并不一定意味着人们更喜欢积极的新闻。空格处作状语修饰动词mean，应用副词形式，necessarily“必要地”为副词，符合句意。故选G项。
6．考查名词。句意：为了测试这种可能性，伯杰博士研究了人们是如何传播一组特定的新闻故事的：《纽约时报》网站上的数千篇文章。根据空格前的代词 that可知，空格处应填名词单数形式作介词for的宾语，possibility“可能性”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。
7．考查动词。句意：他和宾夕法尼亚大学的一位同事分析了六个月来“电子邮件最多”的名单。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般过去时，analyzed“分析”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
8．考查名词。句意：他的第一个发现是科学部分的文章比非科学文章更有可能上榜。根据空格前的冠词 the可知，空格处应填名词，list“清单”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。
9．考查形容词。句意：他发现，科学让《泰晤士报》的读者感到惊讶，并让他们想与他人分享这种积极的感觉。根据空格后的名词feeling可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，positive“积极的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
10．考查动词。句意：读者也倾向于分享令人兴奋或有趣的文章，或者激发愤怒或焦虑等负面情绪的文章，但不会分享只让他们感到悲伤的文章。空格处在定语从句中作谓语，根据并列的第一个定语从句中的系动词were可知，空格处应填用一般过去时，inspired“激发”为动词的过去式，符合句意。故选D项。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．acquisition B．advocates C． decision-making D．displeasure E. distinguish F. evidence G. exhibit H. frustrating I. messier J. puzzled K. undeveloped
Nobody who has witnessed a young child splashing in the bath or reaching out to grab a bunch of shiny keys will be in any doubt that kids love to use their senses, and do so without any inhibitions! But it’s not just about having fun. Sensory play is a vital part of a child’s physical and psychological development, contributing to a range of skills such as hand-eye coordination, concentration and 11 .
Even the sensory skills of newborn babies are nowhere near as 12 as we might imagine. Although their sight is not good, we know that they are comforted by the feeling of being cuddled and rocked, and they also 13 marked reactions to music or strong smells. In addition, they will already have begun to hear sounds while still in the womb and — incredibly — are able to 14 their mother’s voice from other voices at birth.
Their sensory reactions also cause them to exhibit 15 , for example, at the feel of a wet nappy against their skin, or the unfamiliar texture of a new kind of food. Failure to recognise the cause of the ensuing screaming can be extremely 16 for the parent or carer as well as the child. That is why more and more parents are turning to a form of ‘baby sign language’, which can be taught from the age of six months. Not only, say its 17 does it eliminate the need for guesswork when your baby is awake and crying at 3 a.m., but it also results in higher educational attainment in later life.
Sensory play can also help with language 18 , particularly if the parent explains clearly what is going on: ‘Can you feel the fur Hmm, smell this soap.’ And of course, from the moment children begin to speak, they bombard their parents with questions, all of which contributes to their speech and learning.
It’s obvious that children enjoy using their senses, and all the 19 points to the fact that we should allow them the freedom to do so. Sand, mud, water; think of them as educational tools: the 20 the better!
【答案】11．C 12．K 13．G 14．E 15．D 16．H 17．F 18．A 19．J 20．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了感官游戏的好处，建议家长让孩子进行感官游戏。
11．考查名词。句意：感官游戏是儿童身心发展的重要组成部分，有助于提高手眼协调、注意力集中和决策等一系列技能。结合上文“a range of skills such as hand-eye coordination, concentration”，名词decision-making (决策)符合句意，是一种技能，故选C项。
12．考查形容词。句意：即使是新生儿的感官技能也远没有我们想象的那么落后。结合下文“we know that they are comforted by the feeling of being cuddled and rocked”（我们知道，他们被拥抱和摇晃的感觉会让他们感到安慰）和“they will already have begun to hear sounds while still in the womb”（他们在子宫里就已经开始听到声音了）可知，形容词undeveloped (落后的)符合句意，新生儿的感官技能并没有我们想象的那么落后，故选K项。
13．考查动词。句意：尽管他们的视力不好，但我们知道，他们被拥抱和摇晃的感觉会让他们感到安慰，他们对音乐或强烈气味也会表现出明显的反应。结合本段第一句“Even the sensory skills of newborn babies are nowhere near as 2 as we might imagine.”（即使是新生儿的感官技能也远没有我们想象的那么落后）可知，动词exhibit (表现)符合句意，他们对音乐或强烈气味也会表现出明显的反应，故选G项。
14．考查动词。句意：此外，他们在子宫里就已经开始听到声音了，而且令人难以置信的是，他们能够在出生时将母亲的声音与其他声音区分开来。进一步讲“新生儿的感官技能并没有我们想象的那么落后”，动词 distinguish (区分)符合句意，新生儿可以区分出母亲的声音，故选E项。
15．考查名词。句意：他们的感官反应也会导致他们表现出不快，例如，对湿尿布紧贴皮肤的感觉，或者对一种新食物的陌生质地。结合下文“for example, at the feel of a wet nappy against their skin, or the unfamiliar texture of a new kind of food”可知，下文在讲让新生儿感官不悦的一些情况，名词displeasure (不悦)符合句意，故选D项。
16．考查形容词。句意：如果不能识别出随后尖叫的原因，对父母或看护人以及孩子来说都会非常沮丧。结合上文“Failure to recognise the cause of the ensuing screaming”可知，无法弄清楚孩子尖叫原因，对父母或看护人以及孩子来说都会非常沮丧，形容词frustrating (令人沮丧的)符合句意，故选H项。
17．考查名词。句意：有证据表明，它不仅消除了对婴儿凌晨3点醒来哭泣时的猜测，而且还提高了以后的教育程度。结合上文“baby sign language”可知，此处指有证据表明婴儿手语有相关作用，名词evidence (证据)符合句意，故选F项。
18．考查名词。句意：感官游戏也有助于语言习得，尤其是如果父母清楚地解释了发生了什么：“你能感觉到皮毛吗？”？结合下文“And of course, from the moment children begin to speak, they bombard their parents with questions, all of which contributes to their speech and learning.”（当然，从孩子们开始说话的那一刻起，他们就用问题轰炸父母，所有这些都有助于他们的演讲和学习）可知，感官游戏也有助于语言习得，名词acquisition (获得)符合句意，故选A项。
19．考查形容词。句意：很明显，孩子们喜欢使用他们的感官，所有困惑都指向我们应该允许他们这样做的自由。形容词puzzled (困惑的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词points，故选J项。
20．考查形容词。句意：沙子、泥土、水；把它们当作教育工具：越混乱越好！该句是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，结合上文“Sand, mud, water”可知，形容词messier (更混乱的)符合句意，故选I项。
（22-23高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．struggling B．focused C． threatened D．release E. predict F. alarming G. maintained H. dramatically I. approaches J. concerned K. entirely
The Future of Publishing: E-publish or die The iPad and its kind are both good and bad for book publishers.
Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being 21 reshaped by the growth of the Internet. For years, e-books have 22 to cut sales of the old-fashioned kind. In response, publishers are trying to support their traditional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales.
For some time, publishers have operated a “wholesale” pricing model with Amazon. This has enabled Amazon to set the price of many new e-books at $9.99. Amazon has 23 prices low in order to boost demand for its Kindle.
However, publishers are 24 that this may make consumers expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry the downward trend will further cut their thin margins and make 25 bricks-and-mortar booksellers(实体书商)suffer more. Some in the industry even 26 that publishers will suffer a similar fate to that of music companies, whose fortunes disappeared when songs can be cheaply sold online. This is particularly 27 for publishers because digital margins are almost as thin as print ones.
Some publishers try delaying the 28 of electronic versions of new books for months after the print launch to increase print sales. Some are starting to build their own online target reader groups. Sourcebooks, a medium-sized publisher that has developed an online group 29 on poetry, found that book sales rose by 50% after poems had featured on the site.
The publishing firms that survive the tough transition will be those who use flexible 30 and learn quickly to think. Not all of them can turn that particular page successfully.
【答案】
21．H 22．C 23．G 24．J 25．A 26．E 27．F 28．D 29．B 30．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。与媒体行业的许多其他领域一样，出版业也因互联网的发展而发生了翻天覆地的变化。多年来，电子书一直威胁着传统书籍的销量。作为回应，出版商在努力支持传统业务的同时，也在为电子书在销售中占据更大份额的未来做准备。
21．考查副词。句意：与媒体行业的许多其他领域一样，出版业也因互联网的发展而发生了翻天覆地的变化。修饰动词reshape，结合句意表示“翻天覆地”应用副词dramatically，故填dramatically。故选H。
22．考查动词。句意：多年来，电子书一直威胁着传统书籍的销量。作谓语，结合句意表示“威胁”用动词threaten，根据have可知为现在完成时，故填threatened。故选C。
23．考查时态。句意：亚马逊一直保持低价，以刺激对Kindle的需求。作谓语，结合句意表示“保持”可知应填动词maintain，结合has可知为现在完成时。故填maintained。故选G。
24．考查形容词。句意：然而，出版商担心这可能会让消费者期望各种书籍的价格都更低。作表语，结合句意表示“担心的”应用形容词concerned，故填concerned。故选J。
25．考查形容词。句意：他们担心这种下降趋势会进一步削减他们微薄的利润，使苦苦挣扎的实体书店遭受更大的损失。作定语修饰名词booksellers，结合句意表示“苦苦挣扎的”应用struggling，故填struggling。故选A。
26．考查动词。句意：一些业内人士甚至预测，出版商将遭受与音乐公司类似的命运，当歌曲可以在网上廉价销售时，音乐公司的财富消失了。作谓语，结合句意表示“预测”应用动词predict，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语some（指人）是复数意义，谓语用原形。故填predict。故选E。
27．考查形容词。句意：这对出版商来说尤其令人担忧，因为数字业务的利润几乎和印刷业务一样微薄。作表语，结合句意表示“令人担忧”应用形容词alarming。故填alarming。故选F。
28．考查名词。句意：一些出版商试图将电子书的发行推迟几个月，以增加纸质书的销量。作宾语，结合句意表示“发行”应用名词release，故填release。故选D。
29．考查动词。句意：Sourcebooks是一家中型出版商，它开发了一个专注于诗歌的在线小组，发现诗歌在网站上出现后，图书销量增长了50%。结合句意表示“专注于”应用动词focus，be focused on“专注于”，此处作后置定语，应省略be。故填focused。故选B。
30．考查名词。句意：在艰难的转型中幸存下来的出版公司将是那些采用灵活方法并学会快速思考的公司。作宾语，结合句意表示“方法”应用名词approach，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填approaches。故选I。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．coated B．dulled C． evolutionary D．hit E. originally F. gazes G. newly-discovered H. secured I. tribes J. ultimately K. enthusiasts
Lao Gan Ma: The Chinese Chilli Crisp Hot in the WestFor some, cooking during lockdowns was a chance to try out the kind of time-consuming, complicated food preparation that the rush of ordinary life makes impossible. For others, it was an experience of boredom. Making three meals a day, especially if your diners included small children, was a yawn defined.
Enter condiments (酱料). They satisfied both 31 . For the 32 , it was a chance to make the sauces usually provided by the local shops that sell cooked foods. For the weary, a jar of something spicy or sour was an easy way to enliven the cheese toasties. Chilli crisp—a glowing red oil, heady with chilli and heavy with crisp pieces of garlic as well as black beans and sesame—became the sauce of the moment. The place it has 33 in many fridge doors since then hints at how foods become fashionable.
People in China may have been confused by the 34 joy with which those in countries such as America seized on chilli crisp. They have been eating varieties of the stuff for centuries. Lao Gan Ma, made in the south-western province of Guizhou, is the most famous brand. Its founder, Tao Huabi, started selling noodles 35 with the sauce in 1989, setting up a factory a few years later. Her face 36 out seriously from every label on the 1.3m bottles the company says it now produces a day.
It took a pandemic to bring the delicacy to the rest of the world’s attention. Chilli crisp had many of the necessary characteristics to be a(n) 37 . It is spicy, but not overly so. It is spread out on noodles, as 38 intended, but it can also be added to fried eggs and other dishes familiar to Americans. It satisfies humans’ love of crispy foods, rooted in a(n) 39 preference over many generations since crispness is often an indicator of freshness.
Today’s question is not whether people will keep eating it. The liberation of post-pandemic dining has not 40 the delight of the condiment. The East Asian population in America and Britain is growing. Many new brands have joined Lao Gan Ma. Like salsa, which once seemed exotic, chilli crisp is set to become a cupboard staple.
【答案】31．I 32．K 33．H 34．G 35．A 36．F 37．D 38．E 39．C 40．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的老干妈辣椒酱很受西方人喜欢。
31．考查名词。句意：它们让两伙人都满意。此处应用名词作宾语，由上文提到的“For some...For others”可知，此处指两伙人，应用名词tribe，表示“一伙人”，由two可知，应用复数，故选I。
32．考查名词。句意：对于爱好者来说，这是一个制作酱汁的机会，酱汁通常由当地出售熟食的商店提供。由下文“For the weary, a jar of something spicy or sour was an easy way to enliven the cheese toasties.(对于疲惫的人来说，一罐辛辣或酸味的东西是让奶酪烤面包充满活力的简单方法。)”和第一段提到的两种人可知，此处指的是热爱做饭的这一伙人，应用名词enthusiast表示“爱好者”，作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故选K。
33．考查动词。句意：从那时起，它在许多冰箱门上都占据了一席之地，这暗示着食物是如何变得时尚的。“it has____in many fridge doors since then”是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the place，此处在定语从句中作谓语动词，由下文“in many fridge doors”可知，此处指在冰箱获得的位置，应用动词secure，此处应用过去分词与have构成现在完成时，故选H。
34．考查形容词。句意：中国人可能对美国等其他国家的人们新发现辣椒酱而感到困惑。由下文“They have been eating varieties of the stuff for centuries.”可知，美国等其他国家的人们喜欢吃各种各样的东西，所以中国人对他们刚刚发现辣椒酱而感到困惑，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词joy，表示“新发现的”，应用newly-discovered，故选G。
35．考查动词。句意：其创始人陶华碧于1989年开始销售浇有酱汁的面条，几年后成立了一家工厂。此处表示“用……覆盖”应用动词coat，句中有谓语，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词noodles，且动词coat和noodles是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故选A。
36．考查动词。句意：该公司表示，现在每天生产130万瓶，从每一个标签上都能看到她的脸都严肃地凝视着。此处在主句中作谓语，表示“凝视”，用动词gaze，且句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在是，主语是单数，gaze应用三单形式，故选F。
37．考查名词。句意：辣椒脆皮具有许多必要的特性，可以成为一种热门食物。此处应用名词作宾语，表示“很受欢迎的人（或事物）”，应用名词hit，由a可知，应用单数，故选D。
38．考查副词。句意：按照最初的意图，它可以放在面条上，但也可以添加到煎蛋和其他美国人熟悉的菜肴中。上文“Its founder, Tao Huabi, started selling noodles__5__with the sauce in 1989”提到老干妈最初是浇在面条上的，由此可知，此处指按照最初的意图，应用副词originally作状语，修饰动词intended，故选E。
39．考查形容词。句意：它满足了人类对酥脆食物的热爱，这源于多年来进化的偏好，因为酥脆通常是新鲜度的指标。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词preference，表示“进化的”，应用形容词evolutionary，故选C。
40．考查动词。句意：疫情后餐饮业的解放并没有削弱调味品的乐趣。此处在句中作谓语动词，由下文“The East Asian population in America and Britain is growing.”可知，疫情后餐饮业的解放并没有削弱调味品的乐趣。此处应用动词dull表示“减少；削弱”，由have可知，应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时，故选B。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．addresses B．announce C． estimated D．publisher E. claims F. authoritative G. unconfirmed H. sources I. literacy J. spot K. intention
With so much fake news online, it can sometimes be hard to figure out the truth. Concern about the phenomenon led some tech companies to 41 that they’ll crack down on fake news sites.
Fake news is a(n) common occurrence — you see it on your social media feeds, and even on forwarded messages on your phone’s group chat. There’s always one person in your group who likes to send 42 news from what can only be described as doubtful origins.
It was even named 2017’s word of the year by dictionary 43 , Collins, which describes fake news as “false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting”.
Here’s our advice on how to 44 a fake.
First, check the website and quality of the articles. Look at the 45 of the story and read other articles on the site — are they well written with proper citations or are they full of grammatical errors You should also make sure that you’re on a legal news site. Some fake sites use 46 and even logos that are similar to those of real news organizations. For example, abcnews. is real, while . co is not.
Second, is it the whole truth and nothing but the truth Sometimes a fake news story can have a sliver of truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are plotted from imagination. To make sure, search for the same story on several 47 websites to ensure nothing has been misrepresented.
Third, make sure it’s not satire (讽刺). If the story is on a satirical website, you should be aware that the 48 is humour and satire, and not misled
Being able to detect fake news is a crucial part of digital 49 and is an important aspect of life in the digital age. However, not all of the misinformation being passed along online is completely fictional, though some of it is. has been exposing false viral 50 since the mid-1990s, whether that’s fabricated (编造的) messages, distortions containing bits of truth and everything in between. Founder David Mikkelson warned in a Nov. 17 article not to sort everything into the “fake news” category. In one word, stay alert and objective.
【答案】
41．B 42．G 43．D 44．J 45．H 46．A 47．F 48．K 49．I 50．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了假新闻屡见不鲜——你在社交媒体上看到它，甚至在手机群聊里转发的消息里也能看到它。介绍了一些识别假新闻的建议。
41．考查动词。句意：对这一现象的担忧导致一些科技公司宣布，他们将打击假新闻网站。根据后文“that they’ll crack down on fake news sites”以及句意“宣布”可知应填动词announce，上文to为不定式符号，应填动词原形。故填announce。故选B。
42．考查形容词。句意：在你的团队中总有一个人喜欢发送未经证实的消息，这些消息的来源只能说是可疑的。根据后文“news from what can only be described as doubtful origins”以及句意“未经证实的”可知应填形容词unconfirmed，作定语。故填unconfirmed。故选G。
43．考查名词。句意：它甚至被词典出版商柯林斯评为2017年度词汇，该词将假新闻描述为“假借新闻报道的名义传播的虚假的、通常是耸人听闻的信息”。根据上文“the year by dictionary”以及句意“出版商”可知应填名词publisher，故填publisher。故选D。
44．考查动词。句意：以下是我们关于如何识别假货的建议。结合句意表示“识别”应用动词spot，此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构。故填spot。故选J。
45．考查名词。句意：看看这个故事的来源，并阅读网站上的其他文章——它们是否写得很好，有适当的引用，还是充满了语法错误？根据后文“You should also make sure that you’re on a legal news site.(你还应该确保你是在一个合法的新闻网站)”以及句意“来源”可知应填复数名词sources。故填sources。故选H。
46．考查名词。句意：一些假网站使用与真实新闻机构相似的地址甚至标志。根据后文“For example, abcnews. is real, while .co is not.(例如，abcnews.是真实的，而.co则不是)”以及句意“网址”可知应用名词address，结合后文and even logos可知用复数形式。故填addresses。故选A。
47．考查形容词。句意：为了确保这一点，在几个权威网站上搜索相同的故事，以确保没有任何歪曲。根据后文“websites to ensure nothing has been misrepresented”以及句意“权威”可知应填形容词authoritative，作定语。故填authoritative。故选F。
48．考查名词。句意：如果这个故事是在一个讽刺网站上，你应该意识到其意图是幽默和讽刺，而不是误导。结合句意“意图”可知应填名词intention，结合后文is可知为单数。故填intention。故选K。
49．考查名词。句意：能够发现假新闻是数字素养的重要组成部分，也是数字时代生活的一个重要方面。作介词的宾语，表示“素养”应用名词literacy，故填literacy。故选I。
50．考查名词。句意：自20世纪90年代中期以来，一直在揭露虚假的病毒式声明，无论是捏造的信息，还是包含少量事实的扭曲信息，以及介于两者之间的一切。根据后文“whether that’s fabricated messages, distortions containing bits of truth and everything in between.”以及句意“声明”可知应填名词claim，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填claims。故选E。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．acquiring B．popularity C． frequently D．contribute E. unrelated F. slightly G. valuable H. explore I. majors J. further K. volunteering
Gap year in your style
What exactly is a gap year Well, people don’t entirely agree. Most commonly, it’s a year off between high school and college. But it could also be spending a year doing something 51 to education or one’s future career.
Like 52 schooling, a gap year usually means leaving one’s hometown. Many who take a gap year go to a far-off country. In most cases, the time is spent working or 53 . Whatever one is engaged in, this year gives young adults a chance to 54 the world. They meet new people and try things they wouldn’t normally get to do.
Recently, many young people have chosen to take a “working holiday,” which is 55 different from a gap year. After graduating from university, some people make up their minds to live abroad for a year, working in a foreign language environment. Depending on the country and the job, some graduates might live off their earnings and even save money. But often, the cost of living and travel makes saving difficult for people working abroad. Yet the idea continues to grow in 56 . Perhaps it isn’t about earning money, but getting a taste of freedom.
For those thinking about their future job or career, a gap year could mean idling a year away. But for those who aren’t sure what they want to do, a gap year offers many benefits.
If you want to put more emphasis on your career development, you need to think thoroughly about how a gap year can 57 to your résumé(履历). Find an experience that can strengthen your practical skills. That could mean working as an intern(实习生)or 58 a new language.
For those who haven’t designed a career plan, a gap year makes a lot of sense. Almost 80% of American university students change 59 at least once, so a gap year before, during, or even after university could be a good way to help you get future plans in focus. If you can find your calling by taking time off, it will prove to be a very 60 experience.
【答案】
51．E 52．J 53．K 54．H 55．F 56．B 57．D 58．A 59．I 60．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在大学之前、大学期间甚至大学之后帮助你专注于未来计划的好方法——间隔年的情况。
51．考查形容词。句意：但也可能是花一年时间做一些与教育或未来职业无关的事情。结合句意及空后的“to education or one’s future career.”可知应填形容词unrelated “无关联的；不相关的”，be unrelated to意为“与……没有关系”，此处为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰不定代词something。故选E项。
52．考查形容词。句意：和继续深造一样，间隔年通常意味着离开家乡。结合句意及空后的“schooling, a gap year usually means leaving one’s hometown. ”可知应填形容词further“进一步的；在更大程度上的”，作前置定语，修饰名词schooling。故选J项。
53．考查动名词。句意：在大多数情况下，时间花在工作或志愿服务上。结合句意及空前的“the time is spent working or”可知应填动名词形式volunteering“义工；志愿服务”，与working并列，作宾语。故选K项。
54．考查动词。句意：不管从事什么，这一年给了年轻人一个探索世界的机会。结合句意及空前的“this year gives young adults a chance to”以及空后的“the world. They meet new people and try things they wouldn’t normally get to do.”可知应填动词explore“探索”，to explore the world为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance。故选H项。
55．考查副词。句意：最近，许多年轻人选择了“工作假期”，这与间隔年略有不同。结合句意及空后的形容词“different from a gap year. ”可知应填副词slightly“稍微地”，作状语，修饰形容词different。故选F项。
56．考查名词。句意：然而，这种想法仍在继续流行。结合句意及空前的“Yet the idea continues to grow in”可知应填名词popularity“普及；流行”，作宾语。故选B项。
57．考查动词。句意：如果你想更加重视自己的职业发展，你需要彻底思考间隔年对你的职业生涯有何贡献。结合句意及空前的“If you want to put more emphasis on your career development, ”以及空后的“to your résumé(履历).”应用动词contribute“促成；有助于”，动词短语contribute to意为“有助于；对……做出贡献”。故选D项。
58．考查动名词。句意：这可能意味着去实习或学习一门新语言。结合句意及空前的“That could mean working as an intern(实习生)or”以及空后的“a new language.”应用动名词acquiring“获得；习得”，与working并列，作宾语。故选A项。
59．考查名词。句意：几乎80%的美国大学生至少会换一次专业，所以在大学之前、大学期间甚至大学之后的间隔年都是帮助你专注于未来计划的好方法。结合句意及空前的“For those who haven’t designed a career plan, a gap year makes a lot of sense. Almost 80% of American university students change”以及空后的“at least once, so a gap year before, during, or even after university could be a good way to help you get future plans in focus. ”可知应填名词majors “专业”，作宾语。故选I项。
60．考查形容词。句意：如果你能在休假中找到自己的使命，这将是一次非常宝贵的经历。结合句意及空后的名词“experience”可知应填形容词valuable“有价值的；宝贵的”，作定语，修饰experience。故选G项。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．short B．flavor C． specifically D．impressive E. efficiently AB．emphasis AC． stuck AD．involved AE. consumed BC． impact BD．decline
There’s no cure or proven way to prevent dementia (痴呆), but a number of studies have said that following a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of developing the condition.
The Mediterranean diet has a(n) 61 list of science behind it. This way of eating can prevent cognitive (认知的) 62 but also help the heart, reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss, encourage weight loss and more, studies have found.
A study published on March 8 revealed people who 63 foods from the Mediterranean and brain-focused MIND diets had fewer of the typical signs of Alzheimer’s. The MIND diet is 64 for Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay.
The Mediterranean diet focuses on plant-based cooking. The majority of each meal should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and seeds, along with a few nuts. There is a heavy 65 on extra-virgin (特级初榨的) olive oil.
Meat can make a rare appearance and usually only to 66 a dish. Instead, meals may include eggs, dairy and poultry, but in much smaller portions than in the traditional Western diet.
Participants who 67 most closely to the diet were more likely to be female, have a BMI within the healthy range, have a higher educational level, and be more physically active than those with lower persistence in the diet.
David Curtis, an honorary professor at UCL Genetics Institute in London, who was not 68 in the research, noted that the latest study was observational and did not uncover cause and effect. The finding could reflect a generally more healthy lifestyle, he said.
“It is not clear that such a diet itself reduces dementia risk, although it is reasonable that it might do so. It is important to note that the study concerns all forms of dementia, not 69 Alzheimer’s disease. In my opinion, if there is an effect of diet then it is more likely to be on cardiovascular (心血管的) health in general and hence to 70 dementia due to disease of blood vessels rather than Alzheimer’s disease.”
【答案】
61．D 62．BD 63．AE 64．A 65．AB 66．B 67．AC 68．AD 69．C 70．BC
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地中海饮食的特点及其对痴呆症的功效。
61．考查形容词。句意：地中海饮食背后有一系列令人印象深刻的科学依据。根据下文“can prevent cognitive (认知的) 2 but also help the heart, reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss, encourage weight loss and more”可知，地中海饮食对健康有诸多引人瞩目的功效；空格处用形容词impressive作定语，意为“给人印象深刻的；引人瞩目的”。故选D项。
62．考查名词。句意：研究发现，这种饮食方式可以防止认知能力下降，还可以帮助心脏，减少糖尿病，防止骨质流失，促进减肥等等。根据句中“prevent”和“reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss”可知，句中讲的是地中海饮食的功效，所以“防止认知能力下降”是其作用之一，用名词decline作宾语，意为“下降”。故选BD项。
63．考查动词。句意：3月8日发表的一项研究显示，吃地中海饮食和以大脑为中心的MIND饮食的人患老年痴呆症的典型症状较少。上文介绍了地中海饮食的功效，结合句中“people”和“had fewer of the typical signs of Alzheimer’s”可推知，句中说的是“吃”地中海饮食的人患老年痴呆症的典型症状较少。故选AE项。
64．考查形容词短语。句意：MIND饮食是地中海-DASH饮食干预神经退行性延迟的简称。根据“MIND”和“Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay”可知，“MIND”是后面几个单词首字母构成，是其简称；be short for...“是……的简称”。故选A项。
65．考查名词。句意：特级初榨橄榄油的用量很大。根据上文“The Mediterranean diet focuses on plant-based cooking. The majority of each meal should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and seeds, along with a few nuts.”可知，地中海饮食以植物类食材为主，由些推知，它重在初榨橄榄油的使用；emphasis表示“强调，重在”。故选AB项。
66．考查动词。句意：肉很少出现，通常只是为了给菜调味。根据句中“Meat can make a rare appearance”可推知，很少用肉，它作为调味；flavor“给（食物或饮料）调味；加味于”。故选B项。
67．考查动词短语。句意：最坚持这种饮食的参与者更有可能是女性，她们的身体质量指数在健康范围内，受教育程度更高，而且比那些不太能坚持这种饮食的人更活跃。根据句中“than those with lower persistence in the diet”句中比较了“最坚持这种饮食的”女性和那些“不太能坚持这种饮食的人”的状语；stick to“坚持”，此处用的事一般过去时，故选AC项。
68．考查固定短语。句意：没有参与这项研究的伦敦大学学院遗传学研究所名誉教授戴维·柯蒂斯指出，最新的研究是观察性的，没有揭示因果关系。根据句中“in the research”可推知，定语从句中说的是戴维·柯蒂斯没有参与这项研究；be involved in“参与……”。故选AD项。
69．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，这项研究涉及所有形式的痴呆症，而不是只涉及阿尔茨海默病。根据句中“the study concerns all forms of dementia”可知，该研究并不是专门针对阿尔茨海默病；specifically“特意，专门地”。故选C项。
70．考查动词。句意：在我看来，如果饮食有影响，那么它更有可能对心血管健康产生影响，从而影响由血管疾病引起的痴呆，而不是阿尔茨海默病。根据句中“if there is an effect of diet”可知，句中说的是饮食行为影响痴呆症；impact“（对……）产生影响”。故选BC项。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．alternative B．access C． deny D．standing E. interoperation F. uniquely G. envisions H. surface I. capability J. attentively K. markets
China’s GPS Challenger Takes Its Place on the World StageGPS
GPS was created in the early 1970s U.S., when the Department of Defense (DOD) wanted to guarantee a stable, accessible satellite navigation system for military use. This-system reached fully operational 71 in 1993. GPS currently delivers two levels of service: Standard Positioning Service, which is available to all users on a continuous, worldwide basis; and Precise Positioning Service, whose 72 is restricted to the U.S. Armed Forces, U.S. Federal agencies.
GLONASS
In keeping with its pattern of imitating U.S. technology, the Soviet Union decided to field its own GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Development of GLONASS began 3 years after the United States started work on GPS. GLONASS provides “real-time positioning and speed data for 73 , sea, and airborne objects around the world.”
An agreement in 2000 allowed China to use GLONASS for basic navigation. Multiple sweeping agreements with China in 2019 include both the use of GLONASS and 74 with ground radar stations built to support BeiDou.
Galileo
Galileo is the European GNSS. The European Commission and European Space Agency built Galileo together to provide their member states with an independent, European 75 to GPS or GLONASS whose owners can degrade or 76 the system at any time. Galileo went live in 2016 and currently has 26 satellites in orbit.
BeiDou
China decided to develop BeiDou after the 1995 — 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, when an unexpected disruption in GPS caused the People’s Liberation Army to lose track of its ballistic missiles (弹道导弹) fired over the Taiwan Strait. China decided it could not afford to repeat such an incident. Even though China had a 77 agreement with Russia to use GLONASS for basic navigation, China persisted with its plan to develop BeiDou.
Although every GNSS broadcasts a more accurate signal for only military and government use, BeiDou 78 provides these sensitive users with information about the status and current accuracy of the navigation signal in real time. China aggressively 79 BeiDou to private sectors, especially as part of its BRI in Asian countries. By the end of 2019, more than 70 percent of Chinese smartphones utilized BeiDou. China aims to use BeiDou, together with its fifth-generation cellphone technology, to dominate the market for telecommunications services, which China 80 will include next-generation technologies such as autonomous vehicles. Agreements to use BeiDou have already been signed with 120 partners in more than 30 countries.
【答案】71．I 72．B 73．H 74．E 75．A 76．C 77．D 78．F 79．K 80．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的北斗导航系统正在世界舞台上占据一席之地，具体梳理了目前GPS、GLONASS、伽利略和北斗系统的发展和服务，详细说明了北斗系统的服务特色和推广使用。
71．考查名词。句意：这一系统在1993年达到全面作业能力。分析句子可知，空处被operational修饰，作reached的宾语，名词capability“能力”符合句意，operational capability意为“作业能力”。故选I项。
72．考查名词。句意：GPS目前提供两个级别的服务：标准定位服务，全球范围内所有用户都可以连续使用；以及精确定位服务，其访问权限仅限于美国武装部队和美国联邦机构。分析句子可知，空处被关系代词whose修饰，作非限制性定语从句的主语，谓语动词为单数的is，名词access“访问权限”符合句意。故选B项。
73．考查名词。句意：GLONASS提供“世界各地地面、海上和空中物体的实时定位和速度数据”。分析句子可知，空处和sea及airborne并列，修饰objects，名词surface“地面”符合句意。故选H项。
74．考查名词。句意：2019年与中国达成的多项全面协议包括使用GLONASS以及与为支持北斗而建立的地面雷达站进行互操作。分析句子可知，空处和use并列，作include的宾语，同时和介词with搭配，名词interoperation“互操作”符合句意。故选E项。
75．考查名词。句意：欧盟委员会和欧洲航天局共同建立了伽利略系统，为其成员国提供一个独立的、欧洲的GPS或GLONASS系统的替代方案，因为其所有者可以随时降级或不允许访问其系统。分析句子可知，空处被independent和European修饰，是单数，作with的宾语，同时和介词to搭配，名词alternative“替代方案”符合句意。故选A项。
76．考查动词。句意：欧盟委员会和欧洲航天局共同建立了伽利略系统，为其成员国提供一个独立的、欧洲的GPS或GLONASS系统的替代方案，因为其所有者可以随时降级或不允许访问其系统。分析句子可知，空处和degrade并列，作定语从句的谓语，宾语为the system，动词deny“拒绝”符合句意。故选C项。
77．考查形容词。句意：尽管中国与俄罗斯达成了使用GLONASS进行基本导航的长期协议，但中国仍坚持其发展北斗的计划。分析句子可知，空处修饰agreement，空前冠词为a，形容词standing“长期的”符合句意。故选D项。
78．考查副词。句意：虽然每一个GNSS广播更精确的信号仅供军事和政府使用，但北斗特别为这些敏感的用户提供实时的有关导航信号状态和当前精度的信息。分析句子可知，空处修饰主句的谓语动词provides，副词uniquely“特别地”符合句意，突出北斗卫星系统和其他系统的区别。故选F项。
79．考查动词。句意：中国积极向私营部门推广北斗系统，将其特别作为“一带一路”倡议在亚洲国家的一部分。分析句子可知，空处是句子的谓语，被aggressively修饰，主语China是单数，动词markets“推广”符合句意。故选K项。
80．考查动词。句意：中国的目标是利用北斗及其第五代手机技术，主导电信服务市场，中国预计该市场将包括自动驾驶汽车等下一代技术。分析句子可知，空处作China的谓语，构成非限制性定语从句中的插入语，表示补充说明，动词envisions“展望”符合句意。故选G项。
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．affect B．challenge C． controlled D．change E. evolved F. extinction G. happening H. key I. measure J. minimize K. warning
The Antarctic: Key to Planet EarthThe first people to reach the South Pole—in modern times, anyway—were Roald Amundsen and the Norwegian Antarctic expedition, in December 1911. Explorers had been trying to reach the Antarctic for over a hundred years because it represented the serious 81 : the coldest and windiest continent in the world.
Nowadays, scientists from over 27 countries work in the Antarctic all year round and there is even a small amount of tourism in the summer months. Since the 1960s, people have come to realize that the Antarctic holds the 82 to the history of our planet.
Antarctica has preserved valuable evidence of the natural history of our planet. Evidence from fossils shows how life 83 during geological time. The Antarctic has a crucial role to play in helping us understand global 84 .
The Antarctic provides valuable information about what is currently 85 to the ozone layer and about global warming. Scientists are also discovering that the ice sheet may contribute to changes in sea level. What happens in Antarctica will 86 the world’s climate and the world’s oceans. This is why the Antarctic is now one of the most 87 regions of the world, in terms of regulations concerning pollution.
Up until the 1960s, some species of whale and seal were driven almost to 88 by human activities in Antarctica. However, due to greater environmental awareness, all plants and animals in Antarctica are now protected by regulation. Commercial fishing is strictly limited and severe measures aim to 89 illegal fishing. There are also strict measures to control marine pollution.
Antarctica provides information on the past, present and future of our planet, and controls major issues in the rest of the world. In this sense, Antarctica is a(n) 90 because it tells us what we have done wrong. It is also a lesson because the regulations in force there show us what can be done and what must be done for the environment. It is up to us to listen and act, before it is too lat.
【答案】
81．B 82．H 83．E 84．D 85．G 86．A 87．C 88．F 89．J 90．K
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是自人类到达南极洲以来，南极洲成了探险家的目的地，同时南极洲提供了地球的过去、现在和未来的信息，我们人类有责任保护南极洲。
81．考查名词。句意：一百多年来，探险家们一直试图到达南极，因为它代表了一个严峻的挑战:世界上最冷、风最大的大陆。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“挑战”应为challenge。故选B项。
82．考查名词。句意：自20世纪60年代以来，人们开始意识到南极掌握着我们星球历史的关键。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“关键”应为key，且此处指的是“南极是掌握这个星球的关键”，表示单数概念。故选H项。
83．考查动词。句意：来自化石的证据显示了生命在地质时期是如何进化的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“进化”应为evolve，根据时间状语“during geological time”可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且与主语之间为主动关系，所以使用evolved。故选E项。
84．考查名词。句意：南极在帮助我们了解全球变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“变化”应为change。故选D项。
85．考查动词。句意：南极提供了有关目前臭氧层变化和全球变暖的宝贵信息。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词与is构成句子的谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示“发生”应为happen，且表示动作正在进行，所以使用现在分词形式。故选G项。
86．考查动词。句意：南极洲发生的事情将影响世界的气候和海洋。分析句子结构可知，此处应为动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“影响”为affect，且与主语之间为主动关系。故选A项。
87．考查动词。句意：这就是为什么在有关污染的法规方面，南极现在是世界上最受控制的地区之一。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“控制”应为control，且与所修饰词regions之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式controlled。故选C项。
88．考查名词。句意：直到20世纪60年代，人类在南极洲的活动导致一些鲸鱼和海豹几乎灭绝。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“灭绝”因为extinction。故选F项。
89．考查动词。句意：商业捕鱼受到严格限制，严厉的措施旨在减少非法捕鱼。分析句子结构可知，此处位于不定式符号to后面应为动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“使降到最少”应为minimize，且表示主动意义。故选J项。
90．考查名词。句意：从这个意义上说，南极洲是一个警告，因为它告诉我们我们做错了什么。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“警告”应为warning，空前有不定关系a，所以使用名词单数。故选K项。
（21-22高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．chop B．favored C． physical D．distract E. instruction F. discipline G. regular H. evolve I. covered J. engage K. comprehension
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where smartphones, social media, and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking 91 breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should 92 for digital-native students was not something that was 93 when they were getting certified.
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply 94 lessons into smaller chunks. In fact, students need time to 95 with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable 96 .
A study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from 97 books. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are” on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet students’ needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a mixed learning approach. Direct 98 from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be 99 only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Teachers are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world constantly trying to 100 them.
【答案】
91．G 92．H 93．I 94．A 95．J 96．K 97．C 98．E 99．B 100．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式。文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。
91．考查形容词。句意：他们发现，要求学生阅读复杂或长文本而没有定期休息尤其令人疲惫。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的breaks，此处表达“定期的休息”之意，regular“定期的”符合题意。故选G项。
92．考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所涉及的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，位于情态动词should后面，用动词原形，此处表达“如何发展”之意，evolve“发展”符合题意。故选H项。
93．考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所包括的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，表达“被包括”之意，空前已有be动词was，所以covered“包括”符合题意，与be动词构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选I项。
94．考查动词。当学生们似乎无法集中注意力听长课时，许多老师就简单地把课程分成小块。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“简单地把课程分成小块”之意，chop sth. into 为固定搭配意为“把某物切成……”符合题意。故选A项。
95．考查动词。事实上，一旦老师介绍了一个话题，学生在继续学习之前需要时间来参与。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“需要时间来参与”之意，engage“使参加”符合题意。故选J项。
96．考查名词。句意：在小课之间切换太快会使他们失去有价值的理解能力。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“有价值的理解能力”之意，comprehension“理解力”符合题意。故选K项。
97．考查形容词。句意：Pearson教育出版社的一项研究发现，10至24岁的学生往往远离实体书。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处表达“实体书”之意，physical“物质的”符合文意。故选C项。
98．考查名词。句意：他们的直接指导在课堂上永远不会被取代。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“直接指导”之意，instruction“教授”符合文意。故选E项。
99．考查动词。句意：只有当技术以离线无法实现的方式改进课程时，它才会受到青睐。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“被喜爱”之意，空前已有be动词，所以favored“喜爱”符合文意，此处will be和favored构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B项。
100．考查动词。句意：教师们不仅在努力确保学生能利用新技术，而且还在努力教学生有价值的技能，这些技能可以帮助他们在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“试图分散他们注意力”之意，distract“使分心”符合题意。故选D项。
（21-22高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．targeted. B．questions C． abnormally D．concerned E. reduces F. outlet G. intake H. correctly I contrary J. recommended K. moderation
Low-salt diets are actually harmful to our bodies, a recent study found. These diets may actually increase the risk of developing heart disease, or even cause death. These findings, says WebMD, a public health website, are 101 to the popular wisdom that has long said low-salt diets are healthy.
The scientists, led by Andrew Mente of McMaster University, wanted to find out if the relationship between salt, strokes and heart disease is different for those who have high blood pressure. They found that whether one has high blood pressure or not, low sodium 102 increased the risk of stroke, heart attack and death.
The study goes on to suggest that only certain people should be 103 about reducing sodium in their diets. “The findings emphasize the importance of reducing salt intake among people with hypertension and who eat food with high levels of sodium,” Mente said. McMaster University’s Martin O’Donnell said, “This study adds to our understanding of the relationship between salt intake and health. The study also 104 the correctness of present guidelines that recommend low salt intake for everyone.”
He noted, “An approach that recommends salt in 105 , particularly focused on those with hypertension, appears more in-line with current evidence.” Mente added that the current general recommendations relating to the maximum healthy salt intake seems too low, especially since they do not consider an individual’s blood pressure.
Low sodium intake reduces blood pressure modestly, compared to average intake, but low sodium intake also has other effects. “One of those effects includes harmful elevation of particular hormones — and this 106 many benefits. The main issue is not whether very low sodium intake lowers blood pressure, but whether it results in improved health,” Mente said. In general, health experts consider a high level of sodium consumption to be over 6 grams daily. Mente pointed out that this indicates that many people around the world are taking in healthy amounts of salt. He also said that efforts should be 107 at reducing salt intake among the people who are most likely to get hypertension and who take in high amounts of salt. Mente does not agree with the current strategy of reducing sodium intake in almost all countries. However, he would accept efforts to reduce salt intake in some areas, such as China or Central Asia, where the average salt consumption is 108 high.
In Kenya, the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation recommends general reduction of salt intake to levels below 5 grams as 109 by the World Health Organization. Less than 5% of people in the world consume such low levels of sodium. The WebMD report says Elliott Antman, past president of the American Heart Association (AHA) criticized Mente’s study. Antman says the study does not 110 measure sodium intake, and it should not make Americans stop worrying about salt. The American Heart Association continues to recommend less than 1.5 grams of sodium per day from all sources, he said.
【答案】
101．I 102．G 103．D 104．B 105．K 106．E 107．A 108．C 109．J 110．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的一项研究发现，低盐饮食实际上对我们的身体有害。这些饮食实际上可能会增加患心脏病的风险，甚至导致死亡。这些发现与长期以来认为低盐饮食有益健康的流行观点相反。
101．考查形容词。句意：公共健康网站WebMD说，这些发现与长期以来认为低盐饮食有益健康的流行观点相反。根据后文“to the popular wisdom that has long said low-salt diets are healthy”以及句意“相反”可知应填形容词contrary，作表语。故填contrary。故选I。
102．考查名词。句意：他们发现，无论一个人是否有高血压，低钠摄入量都会增加中风、心脏病发作和死亡的风险。根据上文“low sodium”以及句意“摄入”可知应填名词intake作主语。故填intake。故选G。
103．考查形容词。句意：该研究还表明，只有某些人应该关注减少饮食中的钠含量。根据后文“about reducing sodium in their diets”以及句意“关注”可知应填形容词concerned，作表语。故填concerned，be concerned about“关心；关注”。故选D。
104．考查动词。句意：该研究还质疑了目前建议每个人都低盐摄入的指南的正确性。根据后文“the correctness of present guidelines that recommend low salt intake for everyone”以及句意“质疑”可知应填动词question，此处为一般现在时，主语为study，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填questions。故选B。
105．考查名词。句意：他指出，“建议适度食用盐的方法，特别是针对高血压患者的方法，似乎更符合目前的证据。”根据上文“An approach that recommends salt in”以及句意“适度”可知应填名词moderation，作宾语。故填moderation。故选K。
106．考查动词。句意：其中一种影响包括某些激素的有害升高——而这降低了许多益处。根据后文“many benefits”以及句意“降低”可知应填动词reduce，此处为一般现在时，主语为this，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填reduces。故选E。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：他还说，应该努力减少最容易患高血压和盐摄入量高的人群的盐摄入量。根据上文“efforts should be”以及语境“针对”可知应填动词target，与主语构成被动关系，用被动语态，故填targeted。故选A。
108．考查副词。句意：然而，在一些地区，如中国或中亚，他会接受减少盐摄入量的努力，这些地区的平均盐摄入量异常高。修饰后文形容词high，结合句意表示“反常地”应用副词abnormally。故填abnormally。故选C。
109．考查动词。句意：在肯尼亚，公共卫生和卫生部建议将盐的摄入量一般减少到世界卫生组织建议的5克以下。根据上文“levels below 5 grams as”以及句意“建议”可知应填过去分词recommended，表示被动。故填recommended。故选J。
110．考查副词。句意：安特曼说，这项研究没有正确测量钠的摄入量，它不应该让美国人停止担心盐。根据后文“measure sodium intake”以及句意“正确地”可知应填副词correctly，作状语。故填correctly。故选H。
（21-22高一下·上海奉贤·期中）Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．contacts B．strategies C． personal D．recommends E.identify F. graduates G. crush H.distractions I.essential J.true K. social
Getting ahead in the 21st centuryHave you ever wondered whether you have the skill that you need to succeed in the 21st century We have the answers.
1. Keep learning
Ten years ago, nobody was designing apps for mobile phones or using social media to reach new customers. Now these are popular jobs for 111 . As the world of work changes, we need to change, too. In the past, you just had to ask your uncle to get you a job in his company. These days we need to 112 our strengths and constantly improve our skills. Business guru Heinz Landau suggests spending ten percent of your time on 113 improvement; for example, learning a language or a new computer programme. As somebody once said,‘If you work hard on your job, you can make a living. But if you work hard on yourself, you can make a fortune.’
2. Learn how to manage your time
Whatever you do these days, you probably have more work and less time than you want. To meet these demands, everyone needs 114 to be effective and productive. That means, for example, avoiding 115 . Julie Morgenstern, author of Never Check E-mail in the Morning, 116 using the first hours of the working day to deal with your most important projects. Too often, she says, we start the day with our emails and before we realise, it’s time for lunch. Other tips include shutting the door to your office（if you have one）and only going to meeting if they are 117 .
3. Build up a(n) 118 network
Don’t forget: it’s not what you know, it’s who you know. This old saying will hold 119 today. Talent, imagination and hard work are important, but your 120 are also important. So keep in touch with as many people as possible, help them when you can and maybe one day they will be able to help you, too. And if that doesn’t work, you can always ask your uncle for a job!
【答案】
111．F 112．E 113．C 114．B 115．H 116．D 117．I 118．K 119．J 120．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们如何拥有在21世纪取得成功所需的技能。
111．考查名词。句意：现在这些工作对毕业生来说很受欢迎。分析句子结构，空格前为介词，空格处应填名词。根据上文“Ten years ago, nobody was designing apps for mobile phones or using social media to reach new customers.（十年前没有人为移动手机设计应用程序或使用社交媒体吸引新客户。）”可知，空格处应指一类人或者一类物。E项graduates 意为“大学毕业生”，为可数名词复数，符合句意。故正确答案为 graduates。故选E。
112．考查动词。句意：如今，我们需要确定自己的优势，不断提高自己的技能。and 前后连接词性和词义相同的动宾结构，由 improve our skills 可知，空格处应为动词，且含义与“提高”相近。F项，identify 意为“识别”，符合句意。故选F。
113．考查形容词。句意：商业大师Heinz Landau建议把10%的时间花在个人改善上。分析句子结构，空格处修饰名词，应为形容词。结合上文中 constantly improve our skills 可知，本段主要介绍的是如何提高自己的技能。H项personal 意为“个人的”，与 improve our skills 相呼应，符合句意。故选H。
114．考查名词。句意：为了满足这些需求，每个人都需要有效且多产的策略。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作needs的宾语。根据上文“Whatever you do these days, you probably have more work and less time than you want.（无论你现在做什么，你可能会有比你想要的更多的工作和更少的时间。）”，而为了满足这些要求，每个人需要有效且多产的策略。B项strategies意为“策略”，符合句意。故选B。
115．考查名词。句意：例如，这意味着避免分心。分析句子结构，空格前为动词，故空格处应为名词。结合上文中 “everyone needs strategies to be effective and productive ”可知，每个人都需要有效且多产的策略。由此可推知，空格处的内容与如何实现有效且多产有关。由此可知，那也意味着，比如避免分心。C项，distractions 意为“分心；娱乐；消遣”，为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选C。
116．考查动词。句意：Julie Morgenstern 是《早上从不检查电子邮件》的作者，建议你在工作日的头几个小时处理最重要的项目。结合句意，recommend doing sth. 意为“建议做某事”，为固定搭配。全文都以一般现在时来描述，故本句的时态为一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，I 项recommends 符合题意。故选I。
117．考查形容词。句意：其他技巧包括关闭办公室的门（如果有的话），并且仅在必要时才开会。结合句意，分析句子结构，空格前为 be 动词，且主语为物，空格处用来修饰物，故应为形容词作表语。结合方框所给单词可知，此处应填入D项 essential，意为“必要的”，符合句意。故正确答案为 essential。故选D。
118．考查形容词。句意：建立社交网络。根据文章小标题“Build up a(n) … network”下倒数第句 “So keep in touch with as many people as possible, help them when you can and maybe one day they will be able to help you, too.” 可知，本段主要讲了社交的重要性，故标题应与社交有关。空格处修饰名词，应为形容词。故此处应填入J 项 social，意为“社交的”，符合句意。故选J。
119．考查形容词。句意：这句老话今天仍然正确。结合句意，分析句子结构，空格处作系动词 hold 的表语，应为形容词，表示某种状态的持续。根据方框中所给的单词可知，此处应填入K项 true，意为“符合事实的；名副其实的”，符合句意。故选K。
120．考查名词。句意：天赋、想象力和努力工作很重要，但你的人脉也很重要。结合下文中 “So keep in touch with as many people as possible ”可知，本段主要讲了社交的重要性，故空格处也应体现社交的必要性。分析句子结构，空格前为形容词性物主代词，故应填入名词。根据方框中所给的单词可知，此处应填入A项 contacts，意为“联系”，与 keep in touch with 相呼应，符合句意。故选A。专题03 短文选词填空12篇
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．essentially B．possibility C． analyzed D．inspired E. react F. tracking G. necessarily H. rules I. list J. disasters K. positive
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic 1 for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By 2 people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than 3 and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they 4 . You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers studying word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t 5 mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things To test for that 6 , Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague 7 the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the 8 than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this 9 feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that 10 negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．acquisition B．advocates C． decision-making D．displeasure E. distinguish F. evidence G. exhibit H. frustrating I. messier J. puzzled K. undeveloped
Nobody who has witnessed a young child splashing in the bath or reaching out to grab a bunch of shiny keys will be in any doubt that kids love to use their senses, and do so without any inhibitions! But it’s not just about having fun. Sensory play is a vital part of a child’s physical and psychological development, contributing to a range of skills such as hand-eye coordination, concentration and 11 .
Even the sensory skills of newborn babies are nowhere near as 12 as we might imagine. Although their sight is not good, we know that they are comforted by the feeling of being cuddled and rocked, and they also 13 marked reactions to music or strong smells. In addition, they will already have begun to hear sounds while still in the womb and — incredibly — are able to 14 their mother’s voice from other voices at birth.
Their sensory reactions also cause them to exhibit 15 , for example, at the feel of a wet nappy against their skin, or the unfamiliar texture of a new kind of food. Failure to recognise the cause of the ensuing screaming can be extremely 16 for the parent or carer as well as the child. That is why more and more parents are turning to a form of ‘baby sign language’, which can be taught from the age of six months. Not only, say its 17 does it eliminate the need for guesswork when your baby is awake and crying at 3 a.m., but it also results in higher educational attainment in later life.
Sensory play can also help with language 18 , particularly if the parent explains clearly what is going on: ‘Can you feel the fur Hmm, smell this soap.’ And of course, from the moment children begin to speak, they bombard their parents with questions, all of which contributes to their speech and learning.
It’s obvious that children enjoy using their senses, and all the 19 points to the fact that we should allow them the freedom to do so. Sand, mud, water; think of them as educational tools: the 20 the better!
（22-23高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．struggling B．focused C． threatened D．release E. predict F. alarming G. maintained H. dramatically I. approaches J. concerned K. entirely
The Future of Publishing: E-publish or die The iPad and its kind are both good and bad for book publishers.
Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being 21 reshaped by the growth of the Internet. For years, e-books have 22 to cut sales of the old-fashioned kind. In response, publishers are trying to support their traditional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales.
For some time, publishers have operated a “wholesale” pricing model with Amazon. This has enabled Amazon to set the price of many new e-books at $9.99. Amazon has 23 prices low in order to boost demand for its Kindle.
However, publishers are 24 that this may make consumers expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry the downward trend will further cut their thin margins and make 25 bricks-and-mortar booksellers(实体书商)suffer more. Some in the industry even 26 that publishers will suffer a similar fate to that of music companies, whose fortunes disappeared when songs can be cheaply sold online. This is particularly 27 for publishers because digital margins are almost as thin as print ones.
Some publishers try delaying the 28 of electronic versions of new books for months after the print launch to increase print sales. Some are starting to build their own online target reader groups. Sourcebooks, a medium-sized publisher that has developed an online group 29 on poetry, found that book sales rose by 50% after poems had featured on the site.
The publishing firms that survive the tough transition will be those who use flexible 30 and learn quickly to think. Not all of them can turn that particular page successfully.
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．coated B．dulled C． evolutionary D．hit E. originally F. gazes G. newly-discovered H. secured I. tribes J. ultimately K. enthusiasts
Lao Gan Ma: The Chinese Chilli Crisp Hot in the WestFor some, cooking during lockdowns was a chance to try out the kind of time-consuming, complicated food preparation that the rush of ordinary life makes impossible. For others, it was an experience of boredom. Making three meals a day, especially if your diners included small children, was a yawn defined.
Enter condiments (酱料). They satisfied both 31 . For the 32 , it was a chance to make the sauces usually provided by the local shops that sell cooked foods. For the weary, a jar of something spicy or sour was an easy way to enliven the cheese toasties. Chilli crisp—a glowing red oil, heady with chilli and heavy with crisp pieces of garlic as well as black beans and sesame—became the sauce of the moment. The place it has 33 in many fridge doors since then hints at how foods become fashionable.
People in China may have been confused by the 34 joy with which those in countries such as America seized on chilli crisp. They have been eating varieties of the stuff for centuries. Lao Gan Ma, made in the south-western province of Guizhou, is the most famous brand. Its founder, Tao Huabi, started selling noodles 35 with the sauce in 1989, setting up a factory a few years later. Her face 36 out seriously from every label on the 1.3m bottles the company says it now produces a day.
It took a pandemic to bring the delicacy to the rest of the world’s attention. Chilli crisp had many of the necessary characteristics to be a(n) 37 . It is spicy, but not overly so. It is spread out on noodles, as 38 intended, but it can also be added to fried eggs and other dishes familiar to Americans. It satisfies humans’ love of crispy foods, rooted in a(n) 39 preference over many generations since crispness is often an indicator of freshness.
Today’s question is not whether people will keep eating it. The liberation of post-pandemic dining has not 40 the delight of the condiment. The East Asian population in America and Britain is growing. Many new brands have joined Lao Gan Ma. Like salsa, which once seemed exotic, chilli crisp is set to become a cupboard staple.
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．addresses B．announce C． estimated D．publisher E. claims F. authoritative G. unconfirmed H. sources I. literacy J. spot K. intention
With so much fake news online, it can sometimes be hard to figure out the truth. Concern about the phenomenon led some tech companies to 41 that they’ll crack down on fake news sites.
Fake news is a(n) common occurrence — you see it on your social media feeds, and even on forwarded messages on your phone’s group chat. There’s always one person in your group who likes to send 42 news from what can only be described as doubtful origins.
It was even named 2017’s word of the year by dictionary 43 , Collins, which describes fake news as “false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting”.
Here’s our advice on how to 44 a fake.
First, check the website and quality of the articles. Look at the 45 of the story and read other articles on the site — are they well written with proper citations or are they full of grammatical errors You should also make sure that you’re on a legal news site. Some fake sites use 46 and even logos that are similar to those of real news organizations. For example, abcnews. is real, while . co is not.
Second, is it the whole truth and nothing but the truth Sometimes a fake news story can have a sliver of truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are plotted from imagination. To make sure, search for the same story on several 47 websites to ensure nothing has been misrepresented.
Third, make sure it’s not satire (讽刺). If the story is on a satirical website, you should be aware that the 48 is humour and satire, and not misled
Being able to detect fake news is a crucial part of digital 49 and is an important aspect of life in the digital age. However, not all of the misinformation being passed along online is completely fictional, though some of it is. has been exposing false viral 50 since the mid-1990s, whether that’s fabricated (编造的) messages, distortions containing bits of truth and everything in between. Founder David Mikkelson warned in a Nov. 17 article not to sort everything into the “fake news” category. In one word, stay alert and objective.
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．acquiring B．popularity C． frequently D．contribute E. unrelated F. slightly G. valuable H. explore I. majors J. further K. volunteering
Gap year in your style
What exactly is a gap year Well, people don’t entirely agree. Most commonly, it’s a year off between high school and college. But it could also be spending a year doing something 51 to education or one’s future career.
Like 52 schooling, a gap year usually means leaving one’s hometown. Many who take a gap year go to a far-off country. In most cases, the time is spent working or 53 . Whatever one is engaged in, this year gives young adults a chance to 54 the world. They meet new people and try things they wouldn’t normally get to do.
Recently, many young people have chosen to take a “working holiday,” which is 55 different from a gap year. After graduating from university, some people make up their minds to live abroad for a year, working in a foreign language environment. Depending on the country and the job, some graduates might live off their earnings and even save money. But often, the cost of living and travel makes saving difficult for people working abroad. Yet the idea continues to grow in 56 . Perhaps it isn’t about earning money, but getting a taste of freedom.
For those thinking about their future job or career, a gap year could mean idling a year away. But for those who aren’t sure what they want to do, a gap year offers many benefits.
If you want to put more emphasis on your career development, you need to think thoroughly about how a gap year can 57 to your résumé(履历). Find an experience that can strengthen your practical skills. That could mean working as an intern(实习生)or 58 a new language.
For those who haven’t designed a career plan, a gap year makes a lot of sense. Almost 80% of American university students change 59 at least once, so a gap year before, during, or even after university could be a good way to help you get future plans in focus. If you can find your calling by taking time off, it will prove to be a very 60 experience.
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．short B．flavor C． specifically D．impressive E. efficiently AB．emphasis AC． stuck AD．involved AE. consumed BC． impact BD．decline
There’s no cure or proven way to prevent dementia (痴呆), but a number of studies have said that following a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of developing the condition.
The Mediterranean diet has a(n) 61 list of science behind it. This way of eating can prevent cognitive (认知的) 62 but also help the heart, reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss, encourage weight loss and more, studies have found.
A study published on March 8 revealed people who 63 foods from the Mediterranean and brain-focused MIND diets had fewer of the typical signs of Alzheimer’s. The MIND diet is 64 for Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay.
The Mediterranean diet focuses on plant-based cooking. The majority of each meal should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and seeds, along with a few nuts. There is a heavy 65 on extra-virgin (特级初榨的) olive oil.
Meat can make a rare appearance and usually only to 66 a dish. Instead, meals may include eggs, dairy and poultry, but in much smaller portions than in the traditional Western diet.
Participants who 67 most closely to the diet were more likely to be female, have a BMI within the healthy range, have a higher educational level, and be more physically active than those with lower persistence in the diet.
David Curtis, an honorary professor at UCL Genetics Institute in London, who was not 68 in the research, noted that the latest study was observational and did not uncover cause and effect. The finding could reflect a generally more healthy lifestyle, he said.
“It is not clear that such a diet itself reduces dementia risk, although it is reasonable that it might do so. It is important to note that the study concerns all forms of dementia, not 69 Alzheimer’s disease. In my opinion, if there is an effect of diet then it is more likely to be on cardiovascular (心血管的) health in general and hence to 70 dementia due to disease of blood vessels rather than Alzheimer’s disease.”
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．alternative B．access C． deny D．standing E. interoperation F. uniquely G. envisions H. surface I. capability J. attentively K. markets
China’s GPS Challenger Takes Its Place on the World StageGPS
GPS was created in the early 1970s U.S., when the Department of Defense (DOD) wanted to guarantee a stable, accessible satellite navigation system for military use. This-system reached fully operational 71 in 1993. GPS currently delivers two levels of service: Standard Positioning Service, which is available to all users on a continuous, worldwide basis; and Precise Positioning Service, whose 72 is restricted to the U.S. Armed Forces, U.S. Federal agencies.
GLONASS
In keeping with its pattern of imitating U.S. technology, the Soviet Union decided to field its own GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Development of GLONASS began 3 years after the United States started work on GPS. GLONASS provides “real-time positioning and speed data for 73 , sea, and airborne objects around the world.”
An agreement in 2000 allowed China to use GLONASS for basic navigation. Multiple sweeping agreements with China in 2019 include both the use of GLONASS and 74 with ground radar stations built to support BeiDou.
Galileo
Galileo is the European GNSS. The European Commission and European Space Agency built Galileo together to provide their member states with an independent, European 75 to GPS or GLONASS whose owners can degrade or 76 the system at any time. Galileo went live in 2016 and currently has 26 satellites in orbit.
BeiDou
China decided to develop BeiDou after the 1995 — 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, when an unexpected disruption in GPS caused the People’s Liberation Army to lose track of its ballistic missiles (弹道导弹) fired over the Taiwan Strait. China decided it could not afford to repeat such an incident. Even though China had a 77 agreement with Russia to use GLONASS for basic navigation, China persisted with its plan to develop BeiDou.
Although every GNSS broadcasts a more accurate signal for only military and government use, BeiDou 78 provides these sensitive users with information about the status and current accuracy of the navigation signal in real time. China aggressively 79 BeiDou to private sectors, especially as part of its BRI in Asian countries. By the end of 2019, more than 70 percent of Chinese smartphones utilized BeiDou. China aims to use BeiDou, together with its fifth-generation cellphone technology, to dominate the market for telecommunications services, which China 80 will include next-generation technologies such as autonomous vehicles. Agreements to use BeiDou have already been signed with 120 partners in more than 30 countries.
（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．affect B．challenge C． controlled D．change E. evolved F. extinction G. happening H. key I. measure J. minimize K. warning
The Antarctic: Key to Planet EarthThe first people to reach the South Pole—in modern times, anyway—were Roald Amundsen and the Norwegian Antarctic expedition, in December 1911. Explorers had been trying to reach the Antarctic for over a hundred years because it represented the serious 81 : the coldest and windiest continent in the world.
Nowadays, scientists from over 27 countries work in the Antarctic all year round and there is even a small amount of tourism in the summer months. Since the 1960s, people have come to realize that the Antarctic holds the 82 to the history of our planet.
Antarctica has preserved valuable evidence of the natural history of our planet. Evidence from fossils shows how life 83 during geological time. The Antarctic has a crucial role to play in helping us understand global 84 .
The Antarctic provides valuable information about what is currently 85 to the ozone layer and about global warming. Scientists are also discovering that the ice sheet may contribute to changes in sea level. What happens in Antarctica will 86 the world’s climate and the world’s oceans. This is why the Antarctic is now one of the most 87 regions of the world, in terms of regulations concerning pollution.
Up until the 1960s, some species of whale and seal were driven almost to 88 by human activities in Antarctica. However, due to greater environmental awareness, all plants and animals in Antarctica are now protected by regulation. Commercial fishing is strictly limited and severe measures aim to 89 illegal fishing. There are also strict measures to control marine pollution.
Antarctica provides information on the past, present and future of our planet, and controls major issues in the rest of the world. In this sense, Antarctica is a(n) 90 because it tells us what we have done wrong. It is also a lesson because the regulations in force there show us what can be done and what must be done for the environment. It is up to us to listen and act, before it is too lat.
（21-22高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．chop B．favored C． physical D．distract E. instruction F. discipline G. regular H. evolve I. covered J. engage K. comprehension
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where smartphones, social media, and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking 91 breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should 92 for digital-native students was not something that was 93 when they were getting certified.
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply 94 lessons into smaller chunks. In fact, students need time to 95 with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable 96 .
A study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from 97 books. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are” on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet students’ needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a mixed learning approach. Direct 98 from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be 99 only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Teachers are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world constantly trying to 100 them.
（21-22高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．targeted. B．questions C． abnormally D．concerned E. reduces F. outlet G. intake H. correctly I contrary J. recommended K. moderation
Low-salt diets are actually harmful to our bodies, a recent study found. These diets may actually increase the risk of developing heart disease, or even cause death. These findings, says WebMD, a public health website, are 101 to the popular wisdom that has long said low-salt diets are healthy.
The scientists, led by Andrew Mente of McMaster University, wanted to find out if the relationship between salt, strokes and heart disease is different for those who have high blood pressure. They found that whether one has high blood pressure or not, low sodium 102 increased the risk of stroke, heart attack and death.
The study goes on to suggest that only certain people should be 103 about reducing sodium in their diets. “The findings emphasize the importance of reducing salt intake among people with hypertension and who eat food with high levels of sodium,” Mente said. McMaster University’s Martin O’Donnell said, “This study adds to our understanding of the relationship between salt intake and health. The study also 104 the correctness of present guidelines that recommend low salt intake for everyone.”
He noted, “An approach that recommends salt in 105 , particularly focused on those with hypertension, appears more in-line with current evidence.” Mente added that the current general recommendations relating to the maximum healthy salt intake seems too low, especially since they do not consider an individual’s blood pressure.
Low sodium intake reduces blood pressure modestly, compared to average intake, but low sodium intake also has other effects. “One of those effects includes harmful elevation of particular hormones — and this 106 many benefits. The main issue is not whether very low sodium intake lowers blood pressure, but whether it results in improved health,” Mente said. In general, health experts consider a high level of sodium consumption to be over 6 grams daily. Mente pointed out that this indicates that many people around the world are taking in healthy amounts of salt. He also said that efforts should be 107 at reducing salt intake among the people who are most likely to get hypertension and who take in high amounts of salt. Mente does not agree with the current strategy of reducing sodium intake in almost all countries. However, he would accept efforts to reduce salt intake in some areas, such as China or Central Asia, where the average salt consumption is 108 high.
In Kenya, the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation recommends general reduction of salt intake to levels below 5 grams as 109 by the World Health Organization. Less than 5% of people in the world consume such low levels of sodium. The WebMD report says Elliott Antman, past president of the American Heart Association (AHA) criticized Mente’s study. Antman says the study does not 110 measure sodium intake, and it should not make Americans stop worrying about salt. The American Heart Association continues to recommend less than 1.5 grams of sodium per day from all sources, he said.
（21-22高一下·上海奉贤·期中）Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．contacts B．strategies C． personal D．recommends E.identify F. graduates G. crush H.distractions I.essential J.true K. social
Getting ahead in the 21st centuryHave you ever wondered whether you have the skill that you need to succeed in the 21st century We have the answers.
1. Keep learning
Ten years ago, nobody was designing apps for mobile phones or using social media to reach new customers. Now these are popular jobs for 111 . As the world of work changes, we need to change, too. In the past, you just had to ask your uncle to get you a job in his company. These days we need to 112 our strengths and constantly improve our skills. Business guru Heinz Landau suggests spending ten percent of your time on 113 improvement; for example, learning a language or a new computer programme. As somebody once said,‘If you work hard on your job, you can make a living. But if you work hard on yourself, you can make a fortune.’
2. Learn how to manage your time
Whatever you do these days, you probably have more work and less time than you want. To meet these demands, everyone needs 114 to be effective and productive. That means, for example, avoiding 115 . Julie Morgenstern, author of Never Check E-mail in the Morning, 116 using the first hours of the working day to deal with your most important projects. Too often, she says, we start the day with our emails and before we realise, it’s time for lunch. Other tips include shutting the door to your office（if you have one）and only going to meeting if they are 117 .
3. Build up a(n) 118 network
Don’t forget: it’s not what you know, it’s who you know. This old saying will hold 119 today. Talent, imagination and hard work are important, but your 120 are also important. So keep in touch with as many people as possible, help them when you can and maybe one day they will be able to help you, too. And if that doesn’t work, you can always ask your uncle for a job!
