专题09 概要写作10篇
1．（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty
Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3.
A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids.
When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them.
A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money.
For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor.
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【答案】The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最新的研究表明，在美国超过30%的儿童生活在严重贫困中。政府需要进一步采取措施，许多学者认为给有孩子的家庭发放补贴可以缓解儿童贫困。
【详解】1 要点摘录①According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3.
②Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore.
③Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough.
④A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately.
⑤For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half.
2.缜密构思将1、2点一起整合，然后将其余3点分别概括。
3.遣词造句 The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore.
Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons.
Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education.
It is only a little money that can make a big difference.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句非常高级。
[高分句型2]：It is only a little money that can make a big difference.用强调句对最后一段进行了概括，表达比较高级。
2．（22-23高一下·上海闵行·期中）Direction：Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow. Do we see ourselves as quick and curious If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
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【答案】How do we see someone’s growth We have two basic ways to see: the product and the process. Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it. In the process, it is a long road that never really ends, and we need to overcome those feelings of insecurity and self-doubt along the way. There are always new things to experience, new ideas to try and new challenges to face. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了看待增长有两种基本方式：一种是产品，另一种是过程。然而，个人成长的过程是不容易判断的，因为它是一个进步，没有一个具体的反映，在这个过程中，这是一条永远不会结束的漫长道路，我们需要克服沿途的不安全感和自我怀疑感。如果我们不面对或克服这些内心的恐惧和怀疑，或者过多地保护自己，那么我们就会停止成长。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.
②By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.
③In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.
④If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
How do we see someone’s growth We have two basic ways to see: the product and the process.
However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it.
If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured.(that引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.(if引导条件状语从句)
3．（22-23高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The film industry is facing difficulties. In recent months, the single day box, office of movies across the country had been in the extremely low range of seven to sight million, and almost more of the new films enjoys any market appeal. At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic. But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema. The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
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【答案】Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了除了流行病意外，好电影的缺乏也导致人们不去电影院看电影。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic.
②But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema.
③The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2要点进行重组，将第1、2、3要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
In addition to the epidemic, the lack of good movies leads people not to go to the cinema.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.（介词短语作状语，将文章第三和第四句话进行概括）
4．（22-23高一下·上海·课时练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible.
It’s not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “After finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”
Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”
Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven per cent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 per cent last year.
Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.
Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”
There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor, ” Diamond says, “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one. ”
Children don’t seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need,” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why Her daughter has actually asked for one
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【答案】One possible version:
Attending tutoring has dominated the extra-curricular activities of students with varied academic levels and more people are following suit. Asian’s value on education plays a part in the growth of tutoring. Besides, parents’ workload and difficulty in assistance justify the need to hire a tutor. And now this has become a well-accepted practice.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了请辅导老师在家辅导孩子已经成为了很普遍的情况。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor.
②Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students.
③In Canada alone, seven per cent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 per cent last year.
④As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.
⑤Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules.
⑥There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor, ” Diamond says, “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one. ”
2.缜密构思
将1,2,3要点进行整合，将4,5要点进行整合，将6要点简洁阐述。
3.遣词造句：
Attending tutoring has dominated the extra-curricular activities of students with varied academic levels and more people are following suit.
Asian’s value on education plays a part in the growth of tutoring. Besides, parents’ workload and difficulty in assistance justify the need to hire a tutor.
And now this has become a well-accepted practice.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Attending tutoring has dominated the extra-curricular activities of students with varied academic levels and more people are following suit.(运用了动名词作主语。)
【高分句型2】
Besides, parents’ workload and difficulty in assistance justify the need to hire a tutor.(运用了动词不定式作定语。)
5．（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday ” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
What are Lindsey and Tori talking about I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
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【答案】Gossip has three effects. First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. So, people should consider the effects of gossiping.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传播流言带来的影响。先用对话引出现象，再对产生的三个影响分别作了详细的解释说明，最后提出作者观点——在传播流言之前请三思而行。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
②An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.
③That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.
④Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act.
⑤The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
2.缜密构思
将1，5两个要点进行概括整理，将2，3，4 三个要点进行梳理。
3.遣词造句
First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about.
Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group.
Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors.
【点睛】[高分句型1] ：First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. 运用一个简单句对第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] ：Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. 运用了动名词作主语对第五段内容进行概括。
6．（21-22高一下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Functions of a Speech
The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2, 000 years ago. The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying compliment, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. Over the past years, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.
Persuasion is used in dealing with or reuniting different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action. Inspirational speeches challenge the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.
A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible protection.
Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music. It's not only in world meetings where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.
On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.
Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.
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【答案】On no account can we ignore the power of the speech. First, speeches play a very important role in persuading or inspiring by encouraging firmer action and challenging the emotions. Second, not only do informative speeches convey knowledge but also enhance understanding. What’s more, a mourning speech can be comforting. On a personal level, it is highly recommended that you amuse others and cheer them up with a speech.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以“演讲的功能”为题，主要介绍了演讲的说服或激励功能，以及告知、赞美、娱乐，和简单地介绍某人或某事以及接受某事的功能。
【详解】1 要点摘录①The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying compliment, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.
②Persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action. Inspirational speeches challenge the emotions.
③A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us.
④A speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.
⑤A personal speech will be needed to move people or make them laugh.
2.缜密构思
将1、4、5要点进行简化重组,2、3要点合并。
3.遣词造句
On no account can we ignore the power of the speech.
Speeches play a very important role in persuading or inspiring by encouraging firmer action and challenging the emotions.
Not only do informative speeches convey knowledge but also enhance understanding. A mourning speech can be comforting.
It is highly recommended that you amuse others and cheer them up with a personal speech.
【点睛】[高分句型1] On no account can we ignore the power of the speech. 运用了部分倒装且概括性强。
[高分句型2]：Speeches play a very important role in persuading or inspiring by encouraging firmer action and challenging the emotions.用by + doing sth.作方式状语。
[高分句型3]：It is highly recommended that you amuse others and cheer them up with a personal speech.用一个复杂的主从复合句概括倒数第二段内容。其中that引导主语从句、且从句中运用了虚拟语气。
7．（21-22高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. If a law requires companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths of their normal pay, it will benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.
For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees start working fewer hours, some of their workload will have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who go on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate.
Besides, the shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional pay the company has to prepare for these people, because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overlooked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits.
Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
【答案】Working for four days a week with less pay will be beneficial in three aspects. First, the country will have lower unemployment rates with more people at work. Second, companies can benefit without increasing pay-related costs because their employees are more energetic and alert with fewer errors. Finally, employees will have a better life quality with more free time.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以一项新的工作制度“每周工作四天”为话题，讲述了该工作制度在三个层次能够带来的好处。如果员工可以每周工作四天，工资是正常工资的80%，这将有利于整个经济，也有利于个人公司和决定接受这一选择的员工。
【详解】1 要点摘录①If a law required companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay, it would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.
②For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates.
③The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work.
④Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
2.缜密构思将每个要点进行简化重组。3.遣词造句
①Working for four days a week with less pay will be beneficial in three aspects.
②The country will have lower unemployment rates with more people at work.
③Companies can benefit without increasing pay-related costs because their employees are more energetic and alert with fewer errors.
④Employees have a better life quality with more free time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Working for four days a week with less pay would be beneficial at three levels.(用一个简单句概括了第一段内容。“working for four days a week with less pay”为动名词作主语；用“in three aspects”对后文提及的三个方面“the economy as a whole”“the individual companies”以及“the employees”进行高度概括总结，表达比较高级)
[高分句型2] Second, companies can benefit without increasing pay-related costs because their employees are more energetic and alert with fewer errors. (用一个复杂的简单句概括了第三段内容。其中，“without doing”为伴随状语，because引导原因状语从句，用法比较高级)
8．（20-21高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Birthdays are an occasion for reflection. In the 15 years since its founding in 2004, Facebook has altered America in three notable ways. First, the company has created a virtual “me-economy” where people share their feelings, photos and comments. The company has done this twice: once with its flagship social network, which became the pastime and addiction of college students and high scholars in the mid-2000 and again with Instagram, which is the most popular photo sharing App. It has shaped what it means and feels like to be young.
Second, Facebook has changed attitudes to privacy. The social network thrives through trust. After Facebook was launched, for the first time people felt comfortable sharing intimate details online, including their phone number, relationship status, likes and dislikes, location and more, because they felt they could control who had access to them. Users were vaguely aware that Facebook was starting to make a fortune by inappropriately using this data and selling advertisers access to specific types of users, but they mostly did not object.
Third, Facebook has left a lasting mark on politics. The social-networking firm has become an invaluable tool for politicians seeking office, both through paid advertisements to reach voters and free content that spreads on the social network. “You’d find it difficult to name a politician who’s been elected in the last ten years who didn’t use Facebook,” says David Kirkpatrick, author of The Facebook Effect, a history of the social network.
Can the social-media giant stay as influential in the next 15 years as it has already been At the risk of being wrong about Facebook again, that seems unlikely. This is partly because its impact has already been so extensive. But it is also because of growing unease with the platform. As with all new technologies, from the printed book to the telegraph, social media can be used both for good and bad.
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【答案】Facebook has altered America in three ways since it was founded. First, Facebook has shaped what it means and feels like to be young. Second, it has changed attitudes to privacy. Third, Facebook has left a lasting mark on politics. But Facebook can’t stay influential in the future because of its extensive impact as well as the growing unease.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章陈述了Facebook自成立15年来对美国所带来的三方面影响，但因其影响的广泛性及用户对平台安全性的质疑，Facebook未来的影响力会不如从前。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In the 15 years since its founding in 2004, Facebook has altered America in three notable ways.
②It has shaped what it means and feels like to be young.
③Second, Facebook has changed attitudes to privacy.
④Third, Facebook has left a lasting mark on politics.
⑤Can the social-media giant stay as influential in the next 15 years as it has already been At the risk of being wrong about Facebook again, that seems unlikely. This is partly because its impact has already been so extensive. But it is also because of growing unease with the platform.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点进行整合，将第5要点归纳重组。
3.遣词造句
Facebook has altered America in three ways since it was founded.
First, Facebook has shaped what it means and feels like to be young. Second, It has changed attitudes to privacy. Third, Facebook has left a lasting mark on politics.
But Facebook can’t stay influential in the future because of its extensive impact as well as the growing unease.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Facebook has altered America in three ways since it was founded.（运用了since引导的状语从句）
[高分句型2]First, Facebook has shaped what it means and feels like to be young. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）
9．（22-23高一下·上海·期中）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Read the following passage and summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
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【答案】One possible version:
A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient. Threatened to be fired, the journalist still failed to reply in time. At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。某杂志的编辑为了确切报道非洲某个新成立共和国总统宫的台阶确切数字和围墙高度，要求记者去核实，尽管这位记者因为怕被拒稿立刻前往，但却迟迟未送回信息，原来在数台阶过程中记者被逮捕送进了监狱。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic.
②The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
③The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
④Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
⑤He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
⑥When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
⑦Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
⑧However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合，将第7、8两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient.
Threatened to be fired, the journalist still failed to reply in time.
At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall.
【点睛】 [高分句型1] A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient. (运用了动词不定式作主语补足语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall. (运用了动名词作介词的宾语)
10．（21-22高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
As parents, we need to help children build toward future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later.
There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child.
The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: “Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.”
When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the child’s effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually does and working through tasks, praise them for what they are doing.
And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections.
Some people are more naturally persistent than others. Repeated practice can teach children that the process is important—sometimes just as important as the goal.
【答案】Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children’s future success. To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging children’s persistence.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，坚持，即在困难中不断尝试的能力，有助于孩子们未来的成功。要培养毅力，家长可以做毅力的榜样，不断向孩子展示自己在困难中不断努力，表扬孩子比平时更努力，和孩子一起做一个需要时间和努力的有趣的活动，创造机会，逐渐鼓励孩子的毅力。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①As parents, we need to help children build towards future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem.
②The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child.
③When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort.
④That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children's future success.
To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging children's persistence.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children’s future success.运用不定式作后置定语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties…用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。专题09 概要写作10篇
1．（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty
Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3.
A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids.
When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them.
A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money.
For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor.
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2．（22-23高一下·上海闵行·期中）Direction：Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow. Do we see ourselves as quick and curious If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
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3．（22-23高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The film industry is facing difficulties. In recent months, the single day box, office of movies across the country had been in the extremely low range of seven to sight million, and almost more of the new films enjoys any market appeal. At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic. But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema. The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
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4．（22-23高一下·上海·课时练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible.
It’s not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “After finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”
Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”
Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven per cent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 per cent last year.
Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.
Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”
There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor, ” Diamond says, “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one. ”
Children don’t seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need,” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why Her daughter has actually asked for one
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5．（22-23高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday ” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
What are Lindsey and Tori talking about I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
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6．（21-22高一下·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Functions of a Speech
The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2, 000 years ago. The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying compliment, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. Over the past years, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.
Persuasion is used in dealing with or reuniting different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action. Inspirational speeches challenge the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.
A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible protection.
Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music. It's not only in world meetings where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.
On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.
Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.
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7．（21-22高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. If a law requires companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths of their normal pay, it will benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.
For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees start working fewer hours, some of their workload will have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who go on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate.
Besides, the shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional pay the company has to prepare for these people, because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overlooked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits.
Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
8．（20-21高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Birthdays are an occasion for reflection. In the 15 years since its founding in 2004, Facebook has altered America in three notable ways. First, the company has created a virtual “me-economy” where people share their feelings, photos and comments. The company has done this twice: once with its flagship social network, which became the pastime and addiction of college students and high scholars in the mid-2000 and again with Instagram, which is the most popular photo sharing App. It has shaped what it means and feels like to be young.
Second, Facebook has changed attitudes to privacy. The social network thrives through trust. After Facebook was launched, for the first time people felt comfortable sharing intimate details online, including their phone number, relationship status, likes and dislikes, location and more, because they felt they could control who had access to them. Users were vaguely aware that Facebook was starting to make a fortune by inappropriately using this data and selling advertisers access to specific types of users, but they mostly did not object.
Third, Facebook has left a lasting mark on politics. The social-networking firm has become an invaluable tool for politicians seeking office, both through paid advertisements to reach voters and free content that spreads on the social network. “You’d find it difficult to name a politician who’s been elected in the last ten years who didn’t use Facebook,” says David Kirkpatrick, author of The Facebook Effect, a history of the social network.
Can the social-media giant stay as influential in the next 15 years as it has already been At the risk of being wrong about Facebook again, that seems unlikely. This is partly because its impact has already been so extensive. But it is also because of growing unease with the platform. As with all new technologies, from the printed book to the telegraph, social media can be used both for good and bad.
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9．（22-23高一下·上海·期中）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Read the following passage and summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
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10．（21-22高一下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
As parents, we need to help children build toward future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later.
There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child.
The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: “Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.”
When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the child’s effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually does and working through tasks, praise them for what they are doing.
And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections.
Some people are more naturally persistent than others. Repeated practice can teach children that the process is important—sometimes just as important as the goal.
