2024届高考英语英语之句子成分课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
Grammar and Usage
句子成分
The sentence elements
英语缩写
主：S（subject）
谓：V（predicate verb）
宾：O（object）
宾补：C（complement）
表：P（predicative）
n = 名词，noun的缩写
adj = 形容词，adjective的缩写
vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写
vt = 及物动词，transitive verb的缩写
pron = 代词，pronoun的缩写，tnsitive verb的缩写
英语缩写
c = 可数名词，countable noun的缩写
u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写
pl = 复数，plural的缩写
num = 数词，numeral的缩写
aux.v = 助动词 ，auxiliary的缩写
adv = 副词，adverb的缩写
art = 冠词，article的缩写
conj = 连接词 ，conjunction的缩写
prep = 介词；前置词，preposition的缩写
int = 感叹词，interjection的缩写
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名词
动词
代词
形容词
数词
感叹词
连词
冠词
介词
副词
十大
词类
实
词
虚
词
词类概述
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句子成分
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
宾语补足语
同位语
状语
定语
主
要
成
分
次
要
成
分
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
句子成分概述
· Jane is from Canada.
· Doing exercise is good for our health.
· I am very happy.
· They are friends.
主语
名词
动名词
（人称）代词
（人称）代词
主语（subject）: 一个句子谈论的对象，一般是某人或某事物，通常位于______。
句首
1. Mike likes his bag.
2. We study hard.
3. To learn English is very easy.
4. The little boy is playing basketball now.
5. It's very interesting to play the computers.
正确划出下列句子中的主语：
1. Doing exercise is good for our health.
2. They are playing football.
3. It rains.
4. He often goes to school by bike.
5. I like summer.
6. It took them about 3 months to build the house.
谓语
· We love our country.
· Gina can speak Chinese.
· They work very hard.
谓语（predicate）:说明______的动作或具备的特征及状态。谓语通常为___词，放在主语之____ 。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
主语
动
后
1. 简单谓语：一个动词或一个短语充当谓语，如：
He practices English every day.
The plane takes off at five o'clock.
2. 复合谓语：情态动词/助动词+动词原形，如：
We can speak English. You must obey the rules.
由系动词+表语构成，如：
We are students. The cake smells good.
行为动词（action verbs）表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。
She has a new friend form China.
He takes the train every day.
连系动词（linking verbs）不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。
He is popular in school.
Trees turn green in spring.
助动词（auxiliary verbs）不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态等其他语法形式。
I don't wanna see you anymore. （否定）
We are playing basketball. （进行时态）
Do you like tomatoes？ （疑问）
情态动词（modal verbs）不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
She can speak a little English.
I think you should go to college.
系动词（linking verb）
状态系动词
be动词
系动词
“保持”
keep, remain, stay
“变得”
turn, become, get, grow, go
感官表象系动词
feel, smell, sound, taste, seem, look
不表具体动作
起“联系”作用
“像，似乎”
seem
找找句子的谓语在哪里？
1. They like playing computer.
2. Jack can swim.
3. My mother looked after two boys.
4. We have finished our homework.
5. The old man is walking.
单个的实义动词
情态动词+动词原形
单个的短语动词
动词的现在完成时态
be动词+动词ing表现在进行时态
情态动词和助动词______单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。
不能
1. 我们应该努力学习。
2. 她可能知道了那个消息。
3. 我们必须多吃蔬菜和水果。
We should study hard.
She may know that message.
We must eat more vegetables and fruits.
(1)She is playing the piano now.(名词)
(2)I'm afraid he won't help us.(代词)
(3)We are proud of being Chinese.(动名词)
(4)He wanted to leave here.(不定式)
(5)Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.(从句)
(6)Show me your tickets，please.(me作间接宾语；your tickets作直接宾语)
注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。
There is a cat under the table.(the table作under的宾语)
宾语
指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
1. She plays the piano.
2. He often helps me.
3. They like going shopping.
4. I think that you are cute students.
5. You should obey the rules.
名词
代词
动名词/动词不定式
that从句
名词
正确划出下列句子中的宾语：
表语
Predicate：放在系动词后面，用来表示主语的性质、状态、特征或身份。
词语
从句
She is a teacher.
The girl looks beautiful.
The leaves turn green.
(1)I find the book very interesting.
(2) Please keep the dog out.
(3) We made him monitor of our class.
宾补
(1)I find the book very interesting.(形容词作宾补)
(2) Please keep the dog out.(副词作宾补)
(3) We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾补)
(4) Make yourself at home.(介词短语作宾补)
(5) The doctor advised him to give up smoking.(不定式作宾补)
(6)They caught the boy stealing.(现在分词作宾补)
(7) He got his leg broken while playing football.(过去分词作宾补)
宾语补足语（complement）：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
1. The sun keeps us warm.
2. I heard him singing.
3. The war made him a soldier.
4. The teacher asks the student to close the window.
5. New ideas make everything easy.
定语
Attributive：用来修饰名词或代词的成分
“...的”
the little boy
the girl in white
two people
a pencil box
the smiling child
his name
the book bought by him
Tom’s jacket
形容词
介词短语
数词
名词
现在分词
过去分词
形容词性物主代词
名词所有格
拓展
1. 定语从句
The student who is reading is my brother.
2. 当定语的修饰对象为some, any, every构成的复合不定词时：
something interesting
anywhere else
状语
Adverbial：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等
1. He sat there quietly.
2. They study hard to get a bright future.
3. Jane is often late for the class.
4. We saw that film in the cinema.
5. The teacher will come at 3 o’clock.
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 “什么人”“什么事物” n. pron. num. to do, doing，句子
We study in Hengyun Middle School.
谓语 “做什么”“是什么”“怎么样” 动词或动词词组
宾语 动作行为的对象 同主语 We like English.
表语 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a doctor.
句子 成分 意义 充当词类 例句
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 表时间、地点、原 因、目的、方式、结等 副词、介短或句子 1. He works very hard.
2. They held a party in Hollywood.
宾补 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形、名、介 短等 She always keeps the house
clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！