【教师版】Unit 6 Period 4 Reading（配套）
Learning Objectives 1 To get the main idea of the passage, understand what comment the author made to Rachel Carson, and think over what messages the book “Silent Spring” conveys 2 To use the key language points from the passage correctly
Learning activities
目标一: To get the main idea of the passage, understand what comment the author made to Rachel Carson, and think over what messages the book “Silent Spring” conveys Activity 1: Look at the infographic below and answer the questions. Facts about DDT: DDT was first produced in 1874 and was later used as pesticide. It stays in the environment. It is highly poisonous to living organism, including humans. Now banned in many countries, it is still used in some for malaria control. 1 How does DDT reach the human body in the food chain 2 What harm does DDT cause Answers: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Read the book review on Silent Spring, a book that led to the banning of DDT. Predict what will be mentioned in the passage. Now read the passage and check your prediction. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 3: Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of each paragraph. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 Para. 6 Activity 4: Organise information from the passage and complete the notes about Silent Spring. Silent SpringAuthor:Rachel CarsonYear of publication1_______________________Purposes Carson aimed to alert people to 2_______________________ on natural ecosystems. She wished to see pesticides used in a 3_______________________ way.Features of the book Carson wrote a lot of 4_______________________ in the book. The arguments are strong and the language is 5_______________________.Opposing voices6_______________________ said that Carson’s research is not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television to 7_______________________.Influence of the book 8_______________________ was banned and the EPA was established in the US. Carson earned a posthumous 9_______________________. The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10_______________________.
Activity 5: Think & Share 1 Why was Silent Spring so successful 2 What is the moral lesson behind “A Fable for Tomorrow” 3 Why did some people challenge Carson’s findings 4 In what different ways do First Snow and Silent Spring raise people’s awareness of nature Answers: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 6: Work in groups. Write an award speech for Rachel Carson. 1 Read the passage again and make notes about Rachel Carson’s contributions to environmental protection. Consider the following: her most influential work what points she tried to make difficulties she met with. her personal qualities 2 Rachel Carson received her Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1980. Read the excerpt from President Carter’s award speech and note the language features. Never silent herself in the face of destructive trends, Rachel Carson fed a spring of awareness across America and beyond. Always concerned, always eloquent, she created a tide of environmental consciousness that has not ebbed. 3 Write your own award speech of about 100 words and share it with the class. Now think about your performance in group discussion. Were you able to make an objective judgement about Rachel Carson
目标二: To use the key language points from the passage correctly Activity 1: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Summary: 1 Do you agree with Carson’s ideas in the book Silent Spring 2 Can you list some language points from the passage 【教师版】Unit 6 Period 4 Reading（配套）
Learning Objectives 1 To get the main idea of the passage, understand what comment the author made to Rachel Carson, and think over what messages the book “Silent Spring” conveys 2 To use the key language points from the passage correctly
Learning activities
目标一: To get the main idea of the passage, understand what comment the author made to Rachel Carson, and think over what messages the book “Silent Spring” conveys Activity 1: Look at the infographic below and answer the questions. Facts about DDT: DDT was first produced in 1874 and was later used as pesticide. It stays in the environment. It is highly poisonous to living organism, including humans. Now banned in many countries, it is still used in some for malaria control. 1 How does DDT reach the human body in the food chain 2 What harm does DDT cause Answers: 1 When DDT is sprayed onto plants in order to kill insects, it is absorbed by plants and subsequently consumed by animals; humans in turn eat those animals. DDT also leaks through the soil and into rivers and lakes, where it contaminates fish consumed by humans. 2 DDT is highly poisonous to living organism, including humans. Activity 2: Read the book review on Silent Spring, a book that led to the banning of DDT. Predict what will be mentioned in the passage. Now read the passage and check your prediction. It is a book review on Silent Spring, so the following parts may be mentioned in the passage: 1) basic information about the book, including the author, year of publication, theme and main idea; 2) the reason why this book is published; 3) features of the writing; 4) comments on this book; 5) influence of this book. Activity 3: Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of each paragraph. Para. 1 A scene in the book “Silent Spring” Para. 2 Rachel Carson’s purposes of writing the book Para. 3 The content and features of the book Para. 4 The positive effects of the book Para. 5 The critics in the pesticide industry and Carson’s defense Para. 6 The writer’s comment on the book Activity 4: Organise information from the passage and complete the notes about Silent Spring. Silent SpringAuthor:Rachel CarsonYear of publication1_______________________Purposes Carson aimed to alert people to 2_______________________ on natural ecosystems. She wished to see pesticides used in a 3_______________________ way.Features of the book Carson wrote a lot of 4_______________________ in the book. The arguments are strong and the language is 5_______________________.Opposing voices6_______________________ said that Carson’s research is not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television to 7_______________________.Influence of the book 8_______________________ was banned and the EPA was established in the US. Carson earned a posthumous 9_______________________. The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10_______________________.
Answers: 1 1962 2 the damaging effects of human activity 3 more responsible, limited and carefully monitored 4 scientific information, examples and research 5 beautiful and elegant 6 The pesticide industry 7 defend her claims 8 The use of DDT 9 Presidential Medal of Freedom 10 environmental awareness Activity 5: Think & Share 1 Why was Silent Spring so successful 2 What is the moral lesson behind “A Fable for Tomorrow” 3 Why did some people challenge Carson’s findings 4 In what different ways do First Snow and Silent Spring raise people’s awareness of nature Answers: 1 Silent Spring was so successful because it alerted the general public to the dangers of DDT. It planted important new ideas in the public mind, such as that spraying chemicals to control insect populations has an impact on other wildlife, and that the chemicals got into the food chain. 2 The moral lesson is that financial profit should not come at the expense of the environment and the creatures living in it. 3 Some people challenged Carson’s findings because they were concerned about the negative impact they would have on business in the pesticide industry. 4 First Snow shows the beauty of nature—and in particular the snow—through its words and imagery, while Silent Spring describes an unnatural spring without the beauty of birdsong. They each raise people’s awareness of nature by highlighting the interplay between nature and human behaviour. Activity 6: Work in groups. Write an award speech for Rachel Carson. 1 Read the passage again and make notes about Rachel Carson’s contributions to environmental protection. Consider the following: her most influential work what points she tried to make difficulties she met with. her personal qualities 2 Rachel Carson received her Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1980. Read the excerpt from President Carter’s award speech and note the language features. Never silent herself in the face of destructive trends, Rachel Carson fed a spring of awareness across America and beyond. Always concerned, always eloquent, she created a tide of environmental consciousness that has not ebbed. 3 Write your own award speech of about 100 words and share it with the class. Now think about your performance in group discussion. Were you able to make an objective judgement about Rachel Carson
目标二: To use the key language points from the passage correctly Activity 1: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class. 1 On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh. Paraphrase: Once, the mornings had been full of the sound of many different birds, including robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens and many others. But now there was no sound, only silence in the fields and woods and marsh. 本句中表示对比关系的单词once和now，通过对比过去春天生机盎然的早晨和现在春天万籁俱寂的早晨这两种不同的景象，感知这些本应该属于春天的美好事物（the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices）的消失，体会现在的春天没有一点儿声音的凄凉和恐怖。 【句型分析】On the mornings为状语前置，that had once throbbed with...voices为定语从句。 2 aim to do sth. 目标在于做某事 alert sb. to sth. 使某人意识到某事 not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… in particular 特别是 【教材原文】By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems - in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT. 通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。 3 cause harm to sth. 对某物造成伤害 【教材原文】She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. 她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。 【句型分析】and连接两个并列谓语believed和wished； that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans为宾语从句。 4 urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 make oneself aware of sth. 使某人自己意识到某事 【教材原文】Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. 卡森敦促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。 5 in addition to... 除了…… 【教材原文】The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme, which killed birds, in addition to gypsy moths. 在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类。 【词语解释】detail在句中作动词，译为“细致讲述” 作名词译为“细节”，短语“in details 细致地”。 6 dozens of 几十 【教材原文】The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. 书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。 【句型分析】that did nothing to reduce the problems为定语从句修饰eradication programmes；they were originally designed to solve为定语从句修饰the problems。 7 The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist. Paraphrase: Carson’s sources are listed on the final 50 or so pages of the book, which showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist. 【句型分析】showing在本句中作伴随状语修饰前半句。本句中的how作为程度副词引导宾语从句，修饰 thorough和precise。本句表明了Carson作为科学家所具有的深入、严谨的品质。 8 environmental awareness 环保意识 【教材原文】Carson’s message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness. 卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。 9 Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Paraphrase: The book Silent Spring was as a result considered a significant mark in the early days of the green movement in the Western world. regard...as...是固定搭配，意为“将……认为是……”。例如：Honesty is regarded as the traditional virtue of our Chinese nation. 10 become a target for sb. 成为某人的目标 【教材原文】Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. 虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成为了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。 【句型分析】Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists为让步状语从句；who reviewed her work为定语从句修饰most scientists。 11 rather than 而不是 【教材原文】They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. 他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。 【句型分析】that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments为宾语从句；because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist为原因状语从句。 12 attempt to do sth. 企图做某事 stop...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 remain determined to do sth. 决心做某事 【教材原文】These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. 他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。 13 Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims - and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear. Paraphrase: Carson attended public events and spoke on television in defense of her statements. Today, more than 50 years after the book was published, the message of Silent Spring is still making an impact on people. 本句中的more than 50 years after it was published是插人语，修饰today，说明书的影响和警示作用很深远，一直持续到该书出版五十多年后的今天。 loud and clear意为“容易理解，清楚明白”。如：The message came through loud and clear. 14 make sth.+adj. 使某事（物）怎么样 【教材原文】She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people. 她把一个至关重要但十分复杂的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。 15 This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments, strong though they are, but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing. Paraphrase: Although her arguments are solid, Carson’s book is interesting and accessible because her writing is beautiful and elegant. 本句的主体结构是This is not so much because of...but because of...，this指代的具体内容是She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people。后半句中的the beauty and elegance of her writing是本书有趣、易读的主要原因。 本句中的though引导让步状语从句，从句在这里作为插入语修饰her arguments，表明虽然书中的论据并不是它有趣、易读的原因，但这些论据也是强有力的。though引导让步状语从句时，为了语气或者正式文体的需要，通常可以改为倒装句式。例如：Young though he was, he knew how to behave well. 16 deserve to do sth. 值得做某事 【教材原文】Her book not only changed the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. 她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的温暖。 【句型分析】that deserves to be reread today为定语从句，修饰book；so that...passionate message为结果状语从句。 17 For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring. 因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。 【词语解释】do在句中起强调作用。
Summary: 1 Do you agree with Carson’s ideas in the book Silent Spring 2 Can you list some language points from the passage
