专题07 七选五10篇
（2023下·北京·高一北京市广渠门中学校考期中）At a Loss for Words
Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”.
If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. 1 That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.
English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. 2 However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.
3 English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory, while it would come as a strange surprise in English.
It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you consider essential. For instance, the Scandinavian languages lack a word for “please”, one of the first taught in other tongues because it softens what otherwise might be a rude-sounding request from a novice speaker. 4 They express this from “May I ask for ” in public to tacking on “so you are sweet” in a request to a friend or family member.
It is attractive to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. 5 For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try. Bon courage!
A．Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.
B．It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.
C．What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.
D．Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.
E．You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely.
F．But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one — or borrow it.
G．But they are not rude: they achieve the same end through other, longer formulations.
【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语和其他语言之间表达上的差异，通过举例生动地说明了一些特定表达的存在或缺席的现象。
1．根据前文“Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability.（虽然你可能真的希望好运向你的朋友微笑，但他们和你都无法对这种可能性做太多的事情。）”和后文“That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.（这就是为什么法国人在这种情况下会说“bon courage”，而不是“good luck”。）”可知，本段在讨论英文中“good luck”这一表达的不合理，前文在解释其不合理之处，后文转到法语中相应的表达，空处需继续进行解释，起到衔接的作用。C项“你真正希望他们的是勇气而不是运气。”符合语境，后文的“That”即指该项的内容。故选C。
2．根据前文“You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”.（你可能会说“good morning”、“good afternoon”或“good night”，但不会说“good weekend”。）”可知，本段在讨论英语中一些不被允许的表达，前文用“good weekend”这一不常见的表达举例说明，空处应该会继续讨论“good weekend”这一表达。E项“如果你愿意，你可以说这句话，但你的邻居会奇怪地看着你。”符合语境，承接前文，和后文形成语义上的转折，其中的“strangely”和后文的“perfectly usual”形成对比。故选E。
3．空处位于段首，需统领本段内容。根据后文“English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory, while it would come as a strange surprise in English.（说英语的人互祝对方生日快乐，但说其他许多语言的人只会说“congratulations”，仿佛过生日的女孩仅仅是又活了一年就取得了令人印象深刻的成就。荷兰人还对家庭成员说“gefeliciteerd”，包括真正值得祝贺的人：母亲。这几乎是必须的，但在英语中却是一个奇怪的惊喜。）”可知，本段在讨论生日这一特殊场合中不同语言的表达差异，空处需说明特殊场合和语言差异之间的联系。A项“特殊场合是语言差异的另一个方面。”符合语境，可统领本段内容。故选A。
4．根据前文“For instance, the Scandinavian languages lack a word for “please”, one of the first taught in other tongues because it softens what otherwise might be a rude-sounding request from a novice speaker.（例如，斯堪的纳维亚语中没有“please”这个词，这是其他语言中最早教的词之一，因为它可以软化初学者发出的听起来粗鲁的请求。）”和后文“They express this from “May I ask for ” in public to tacking on “so you are sweet” in a request to a friend or family member.（他们在公众场合用“May I ask for ”，在向朋友或家人的请求中加上“so you are sweet”来表达这一点。）”可知，此处用斯堪的纳维亚语中缺少“请”这一表达举例子，前文说明缺少“please”可能会造成请求比较粗鲁，后文说明斯堪的纳维亚人有其他表达替代，空处应该会和前文形成语义转折，过渡到后文中他们其他的表达。G项“但他们并不粗鲁：他们通过其他的、更长的表达达到了同样的目的。”符合语境，和后文呼应，其中的“But”和前文形成转折。故选G。
5．根据前文“It is attractive to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language.（从一种语言中这个或那个的存在或缺失中得出深刻的文化结论是很有吸引力的。）”和后文“For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.（例如，英国人确实会说典型的法语单词bon voyage和bon appétit，而且没有理由止步于此。）”可知，本段从分析语言差异背后的文化因素转移到语言表达之间的借用，空处会说明语言之间的借用，从而过渡到后文的例子。F项“但没有一个词并不意味着你不能创造一个或借用一个词。”符合语境，和前文形成转折，其中的“not having a word”呼应前文的“absence”。故选F。
（2023上·北京通州·高一统考期中）If you are a fan of fast fashion, your choices may be narrowing in the near future. Recently, a large number of fast-fashion stores were closed worldwide. 6
A major reason is the shift in the mindset (心态) of consumers. Millennials, those who were born in the 1980s or 1990s, are now the largest consumer group. 7 Low-priced fast fashion is not their priority. More people are starting to care about quality and the stories behind a product.
8 The fashion industry is one of the largest polluters of clean water and three-fifths of clothes produced in a year end up in landfills (垃圾场). As there is more awareness of the climate crisis (危机), younger people are pursuing more eco-friendly choices.
Molly, 22, is one of them. Before she went to college, she used to frequent fast-fashion shops. 9 Now, she tries to shop in a way that is both sustainable (可持续的) and affordable:She shops second-hand. “My friend showed me how easy it was to be thrifty (节约的), and I developed a new personal style that focused less on trends but on basics that don’t go out of style,” she said.
In order to survive in the competitive market, many fast-fashion brands are making changes as well. 10 “Sustainability is a never-ending task in which everyone here is involved”, said a CEO of a fast-fashion company.
A．Millennials like brands with a long history.
B．It shows that fast fashion is slowing down.
C．Climate change should be blamed on the fashion industry.
D．Unlike their predecessors (前人), millennials hold different attitudes towards products.
E．Another factor is the growing concern over the fashion industry’s effect on the environment.
F．For example, some companies plan for all of their clothes to be sustainable in the future.
G．But after taking a class that focused on the environmental impact of clothing production, her preference changed.
【答案】6．B 7．D 8．E 9．G 10．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了许多快时尚服装品牌发展速度放缓的原因，为了在竞争激烈的市场中生存，许多快速时尚品牌也在做出改变。
6．分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“If you are a fan of fast fashion, your choices may be narrowing in the near future. Recently, a large number of fast-fashion stores were closed worldwide.(如果你是快时尚的粉丝，在不久的将来，你的选择可能会越来越少。最近，全球有大量的快时尚商店关闭)”可知，B项“It shows that fast fashion is slowing down.(这表明快时尚正在放缓)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选B项。
7．根据前文“A major reason is the shift in the mindset (心态) of consumers. Millennials, those who were born in the 1980s or 1990s, are now the largest consumer group.(一个主要原因是消费者心态的转变。千禧一代，即出生在上世纪80年代或90年代的人，现在是最大的消费群体)”以及后文“Low-priced fast fashion is not their priority. More people are starting to care about quality and the stories behind a product.(低价的快时尚不是他们的首选。越来越多的人开始关心产品的质量和产品背后的故事)”可知，此处是在讲述千禧一代的时尚选择发生改变，所以D项“Unlike their predecessors (前人), millennials hold different attitudes towards products.(与他们的前辈不同，千禧一代对产品的态度不同)”符合本段主题，通过和前辈对比，讲述千禧一代发生改变。故选D项。
8．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“The fashion industry is one of the largest polluters of clean water and three-fifths of clothes produced in a year end up in landfills (垃圾场). As there is more awareness of the climate crisis (危机), younger people are pursuing more eco-friendly choices.(时装业是最大的清洁水污染者之一，每年生产的服装中有五分之三最终被填埋。随着人们对气候危机的意识越来越强，年轻人开始追求更环保的选择)”可知，本段讲述时装业对环境的影响，所以E项“Another factor is the growing concern over the fashion industry’s effect on the environment.(另一个因素是人们越来越关注时装业对环境的影响)”符合本段主题。故选E项。
9．根据前文“Molly, 22, is one of them. Before she went to college, she used to frequent fast-fashion shops.(22岁的莫莉就是其中之一。在她上大学之前，她经常光顾快时尚店)”以及后文“Now, she tries to shop in a way that is both sustainable (可持续的) and affordable: She shops second-hand.(现在，她试图以一种既可持续又负担得起的方式购物：她买二手货)”可知，本段用莫莉进行举例，讲述她对时尚的改变，所以G项“But after taking a class that focused on the environmental impact of clothing production, her preference changed.(但在上了一门关注服装生产对环境影响的课程后，她的偏好发生了变化)”符合文意，描述的是莫莉的改变。故选G项。
10．根据前文“In order to survive in the competitive market, many fast-fashion brands are making changes as well.(为了在竞争激烈的市场中生存，许多快时尚品牌也在做出改变)”以及后文““Sustainability is a never-ending task in which everyone here is involved”, said a CEO of a fast-fashion company.(一家快时尚公司的首席执行官表示：“可持续发展是一项永无止境的任务，这里的每个人都参与其中。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了许多快时尚品牌也在做出改变，后文应用一家快时尚公司的首席执行官的话，所以F项“For example, some companies plan for all of their clothes to be sustainable in the future.(例如，一些公司计划未来所有的衣服都是可持续的)”符合本段主题，和下文构成顺成关系。故选F项。
（2022下·北京昌平·高一昌平一中校考期中）The Buy Nothing Movement
Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard (猛轰) people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before. The average person spends more than 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much. 11 A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about 670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they haven’t earned to buy things they don’t need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill (垃圾填埋地) sites.
12 But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.
However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism—the ‘buy nothing’ trend. 13 On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.
The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars. 14
The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. 15 But even if you can’t manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don’t need.
A．In one year, they’d saved $55,000.
B．If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.
C．Many people didn’t support the idea at the very beginning.
D．Second-hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in charity shops.
E．But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment
F．The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US.
G．People might not realise the problems because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities.
【答案】11．E 12．G 13．F 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今消费者购买了比以往更多地衣服，但是自己并不需要这些衣服的社会现象，同时这一现象也带来了社会和环境方面的担忧，于是社会上有了一种“不买运动”的兴起。文章介绍了其起源、发展方式和能够产生的积极影响。
11．根据上文“The average person spends more than 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much.(英国人平均每年花在新衣服上的钱超过1000英镑，这听起来可能不算多)”以及后文“A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about 670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they haven't earned to buy things they don't need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.(许多消费者是通过信用卡进行消费的。目前，英国人每个成年人欠信用卡公司的钱约为670英镑。同时，人们也在用他们还没挣到的钱去买他们不需要的东西。英国每年扔掉30万吨衣服，其中大部分都进入了垃圾填埋场)”可知，上文提到了人们每年买衣服的具体数字，后文则提到了每年会有30万吨的衣服进入垃圾站，引发环境问题。由此推知，本句提出对上文这个数字的具体说明。E项“但是这个数字隐藏了对社会和环境来说两个更令人担忧的趋势”符合语境，选项中that figure指代上文more than 1,000。故选E。
12．根据下文“But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.(但是慈善商店不能卖掉所有那些不想要的衣服。很多慈善机构卖不出去的衣服被送到国外，造成了更多的经济和环境问题)”可知，慈善商店把那些不能售卖的服装运到国外，这会引起更多的经济和环境问题。由此推知，人们在把衣物捐赠给慈善机构前，没有意识到会造成经济和环境问题。G项“因为人们把不需要的衣服都捐给慈善团体，并没有意识到那些问题”符合题意，选项中的the problems对应下文中的economic and environmental problems.。故选G项。
13．根据上文“However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism—the ‘buy nothing’ trend. (然而，反对消费主义的另一种趋势出现了——“什么都不买”的趋势)”可知，上文提到了“什么都不买”这个趋势。由此推知，下文承接上文，继续介绍与这个趋势有关的内容。F项“这个想法起源于上世纪90年代初的加拿大，然后传到了美国”符合题意，选项中的The idea指代上文的the ‘buy nothing’ trend。故选F。
14．根据上文“Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars.(在加拿大的两个朋友花了一年时间努力只买食物。在最初的三个月里，他们学会了在不买电器、衣服或房子里的东西的情况下生活。在接下来的阶段，他们放弃了诸如理发、外出就餐或为汽车购买汽油等服务)”可知，这两个朋友用一年的时间分二个阶段拒绝购买除食物之外的其他商品。本句为本段最后一句，可推知是在说明这两个朋友节约行为产生的结果：节省了钱。A项“一年时间，他们节省了55000美元”符合语境，故选A。
15．根据上文“The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved.(他们做出的改变意味着路上少开两辆车，减少塑料和纸包装，节约的所有能源对环境产生了积极影响)”可知，上文提到这两个朋友所做的改变意味着路上车变少、塑料袋和纸袋使用量会下降，对节约能源有积极的影响。故本句承接上文，说明这种做法如果能够推广，将能够产生的影响。B项“如果每个人都执行这种方法，那结果会让人印象深刻”符合语境，故选B。
（2022下·北京房山·高一统考期中）The music is on. The figure skater glides, jumps and spins. One turn, two turns, three turns. 16
Why People often feel dizzy and lose balance after spinning around. 17 The eyes reach their limit before our head finishes a full turn, so they turn back to a new starting point, said Scientific American. When our eyes repeat this, we get dizzy.
Figure skaters don’t have any super power. 18 Their secret is lots and lots of practice, according to Science Focus magazine. As they train more, their brains get used to the feeling.
19 One method is called “opposing eye movement”. It’s like the eye movement when we watch a moving train pass in front of us while our heads stay still. Skaters can train themselves to engage this eye movement when they spin. Scientific American said this can offset the dizzy feeling.
20 We feel dizzier when our brain feels changes in speed. Skaters can also pick one spot to stare at as they stop turning. “Some skaters will design a dance move at the end of a long spin.” said Science Focus. This provides a little break while the dizziness passes.
A．No pain, no gain.
B．They get dizzy, too.
C．Their movements are so smooth and graceful.
D．Other methods include keeping a uniform speed.
E．Skaters also have methods to help them feel less dizzy.
F．It seems they never get dizzy no matter how many times they spin.
G．This is because when we move our head during a spin, our eyes start to move in the opposite direction.
【答案】16．F 17．G 18．B 19．E 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了帮助花样滑冰运动员不感到头晕的原因和方法。
16．上文“The figure skater glides, jumps and spins. One turn, two turns, three turns. (花样滑冰运动员滑行、跳跃和旋转。转一圈，转两圈，转三圈)”描述花样滑冰运动员在旋转，在转圈，选项F“似乎不管转多少圈都不会头晕。”承接上文，描述滑冰运动员转圈看起来似乎可能的结果。上文spin和选项中spin词汇重叠，语义一致，逻辑合理。故选F项。
17．上文“Why People often feel dizzy and lose balance after spinning around. (为什么？人们在旋转后经常感到头晕和失去平衡)”提出问题，为什么人们旋转后会感到头晕呢？选项G“这是因为当我们在旋转过程中移动头部时，我们的眼睛开始朝相反的方向移动。”承接上文，回答了上文的问题。故选G项。
18．上文“When our eyes repeat this, we get dizzy. (当我们的眼睛重复这个动作时，我们会感到头晕)”和“Figure skaters don’t have any super power. (花样滑冰运动员没有任何超能力)”说明我们普通人眼睛重复这个动作会感到头晕，滑冰运动员也是人，他们并没有超能力，选项B“他们也会头晕。”承接上文，说明滑冰运动员也会头晕。选项中They指上文中Figure skaters，语义合理。故选B项。
19．下文“One method is called ‘opposing eye movement’. (一种方法叫做‘反向眼动’)”介绍花样滑冰运动员的一种训练方法，选项E“花样滑冰运动员也有方法帮助他们不那么感到头晕。”位于段首，概括说明本段主要介绍帮助花样滑冰运动员不感到头晕的方法。故选E项。
20．上文第四段“One method is called ‘opposing eye movement’. (一种方法叫做‘反向眼动’)”等内容介绍了帮助花样滑冰运动员不感到头晕的一种方法，选项D“其他方法包括保持匀速。”承接上一段，引导下一段，介绍帮助花样滑冰运动员不感到头晕的其他方法。故选D项。
（2022上·北京石景山·高一北京市第九中学校考期中）We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. 21 .
So, you have to give a speech—and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble（结结巴巴） over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. ”
Cheer up! 22 . Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion Why are you speaking Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. 23 . Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. 24 . And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.
If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You don’t believe yet 25 .
A．It doesn’t have to be that bad.
B．Take several deep breaths before your speech.
C．This article gives some advice on how to give a good speech.
D．Say what you have to say and then stop.
E．Don’t say what you aren’t familiar with.
F．Never forget your audience.
G．Give it a try and see what happens.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．F 24．D 25．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在我们人生中，都会遇到演讲的时候，但大多数人的演讲并不够好，作者给出了一些做好演讲的建议，如演讲要做好准备，紧扣主题，尊重观众，注意场合等。
21．上文“We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job.”（我们都被要求在人生的某个时刻发表演讲，但我们大多数人都做得不好）以及下文主要讲述了做演讲时的注意事项可知，此处应起到引起下文的作用，即表达了对如何做好讲演提出了一些建议。C项This article gives some advice on how to give a good speech（这篇文章会给一些做好演讲的建议）符合题意。故选C。
22．上文“Cheer up!（振作起来!）”表示的是鼓励的语气，结合下文“Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making.”（下面是一些简单的步骤来减轻演讲的痛苦。）说明空格处应该是承上启下的内容，故此处承接上文的内容，A. It doesn’t have to be that bad.（不一定那么糟糕），符合题意。故选A。
23．下文“Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them.”（不要高高在上，也不要对他们低声下气）说明此处提到应是你对待观众的态度，F. Never forget your audience. （永远不要忘记你的听众）符合语境。故选F。
24．由第四段提及在做演讲时应记住的几点事项，并且根据上一句“Be brief（要简明扼要）”可知此处是对上句进行解释，D. Say what you have to say and then stop（说出你要说的话，然后停下来）符合题意。故选D。
25．由最后一段空格前内容“If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You don’t believe yet ”（ 如果你遵循这些简单的步骤，你会发现你不必害怕公开演讲。事实上，你可能会发现这段经历非常愉快，以至于你自愿做更多的演讲！你还不相信吗？）说明此处表达的应是鼓励你按照作者的建议去试试，G. Give it a try and see what happens（试一下，看看会发生什么）符合题意。故选G。
（2023上·北京顺义·高一牛栏山一中校考期中）What Is a Boy
Between the innocence of babyhood and the seriousness of manhood we find a delightful creature called an “boy”. 26 . They all believe that the pleasure of life is to enjoy every second of every minute of every hour of every day and to fill the air with noise until the adult males pack them off to bed at night.
27 When you want him to make a good impression, his brain turns to jelly, or else he becomes a wild creature bent on destroying the world and himself with it.
28 He has the stomach of a horse, the digestion of stones and sand, the energy of an atomic bomb, the curiosity of a cat, the imagination of a superman, the shyness of a sweet girl, the brave nature of a bull, the violence of a firecracker, but when you ask him to make something, he has five thumbs (拇指) on each hand.
He likes ice cream, knives, saws, Christmas, comic books, woods, water (in its natural habitat). 29 He is not much for Sunday schools, company, schools, books without pictures, music lessons, neckties, barbers, girls, overcoats, adults, or bedtime.
30 Nobody else gets so much fun out of trees, dogs and breezes. Nobody else can put into one pocket a rusty knife, a half eaten apple, a three-feet rope, six cents and some unknown things. A boy is a magical creature — he is your headache but when you come home at night with only shattered pieces of your hopes and dreams, he can mend them like new with two magic words, “Hi, Dad!”
A．In fact a boy is a mixture.
B．Nobody else is so early to rise, or so late to supper.
C．When you are busy, a boy is a trouble-maker and a noise.
D．Girls are more active and intelligent than boys sometimes.
E．Boys will feel it uncomfortable if they are controlled too strictly.
F．Boys came in different sizes, weights, and colors, but all boys have the same belief.
G．He also has a preference for large animals, Dad, trains, Saturday mornings, and fire engines.
【答案】26．F 27．C 28．A 29．G 30．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者以明贬实褒的口吻描述了自己的儿子——男孩这种神奇的可爱的生物。
26．根据前文“Between the innocence of babyhood and the seriousness of manhood we find a delightful creature called an “boy”.(在婴儿时期的天真和成年时期的严肃之间，我们发现了一种叫“男孩”的令人愉快的生物。)”和后文“They all believe that the pleasure of life is to enjoy every second of every minute of every hour of every day and to fill the air with noise until the adult males pack them off to bed at night.(他们都相信，生活的乐趣在于享受每一天的每一分每一秒，让空气中充满噪音，直到成年雄性把他们打包上床睡觉。)”可知，此处是指男孩们都有同样的信念，所以选项F“男孩们的身高、体重和肤色各不相同，但所有的男孩都有同样的信念。”切合文意。故选F。
27．根据后文“When you want him to make a good impression, his brain turns to jelly, or else he becomes a wild creature bent on destroying the world and himself with it.(当你想让他给人留下好印象时，他的大脑就会变成果冻，否则他就会变成一个决心摧毁世界和自己的野兽。)”可知，此处是指男孩会非常吵闹，所以选项C“当你忙的时候，男孩是一个麻烦制造者和噪音。”切合文意。故选C。
28．根据后文“He has the stomach of a horse, the digestion of stones and sand, the energy of an atomic bomb, the curiosity of a cat, the imagination of a superman, the shyness of a sweet girl, the brave nature of a bull, the violence of a firecracker, but when you ask him to make something, he has five thumbs (拇指) on each hand.(他有马的胃，对石头和沙子的消化能力，原子弹的能量，猫的好奇心，超人的想象力，可爱女孩的羞怯，公牛的勇敢天性，鞭炮的暴力，但当你让他做点什么时，他每只手都有五个拇指。)”可知，此处是指男孩是个混合体，所以选项A“事实上，男孩是一个混合体。”切合文意。故选A。
29．根据前文“He likes ice cream, knives, saws, Christmas, comic books, woods, water (in its natural habitat).(他喜欢冰淇淋、刀、锯、圣诞节、漫画书、树林、水（在它的自然栖息地）。)”可知，此处是指男孩的喜好，所以选项G“他还喜欢大型动物、爸爸、火车、周六早晨和消防车。”切合文意。故选G。
30．根据后文“Nobody else gets so much fun out of trees, dogs and breezes. Nobody else can put into one pocket a rusty knife, a half eaten apple, a three-feet rope, six cents and some unknown things.(没有人能从树、狗和微风中获得如此多的乐趣。没有人能把一把生锈的刀、一个吃了一半的苹果、一根三英尺长的绳子、六分钱和一些不知名的东西放进一个口袋里。)”可知，此处是指除了男孩外别人做不到的事情，所以选项B“没有人起得这么早，也没有人吃晚饭这么晚。”切合文意。故选B。
（2023上·北京大兴·高一统考期中）Some students get so nervous before a test. 31 Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when they worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源).
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
32 They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. 33 Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated (不相关的) to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
“What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. 34 ”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam 35
A．They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.
B．Researchers asked students to direct their attention from the test.
C．The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students.
D．But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.
E．They do poorly even if they know the material.
F．It doesn’t matter where we write about our worries before an exam.
G．Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home r in the library.
【答案】31．E 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对紧张考试的学生的研究。研究表明，考试前表现出高度紧张的学生，写下担忧的事情可以减轻他们的焦虑并提高他们的考试成绩。这项干预可以帮助这部分学生克服他们的考试焦虑并提高他们的表现。如果学生没有机会在考试前写下他们的担忧，那么也可以尝试在平时减少考试压力。
31．根据前文“Some students get so nervous before a test. (有些学生在考试前非常紧张。)”以及后文“The students start worrying about the results.( 学生们开始担心考试结果。)”可知，此处强调的是学生们考试前非常紧张。E选项“They do poorly even if they know the material.(即使他们知道材料，他们也做得很差。)”承接前文，指出即使学生们知道考试材料，依旧会在考试前非常紧张，符合语境。故选E。
32．根据前文“Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.(贝洛克教授和另一位研究员赫拉尔多·拉米雷斯(Gerardo Ramirez)提出了一种可能的解决方案。考试前，高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧。)”可知，此处提出了解决学生焦虑的一种方案即考试前，让高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧。C选项“The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students.(研究人员在一组20名焦虑的大学生身上测试了这个想法。)”中的the idea指代前文的让高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧，形成呼应。故选C。
33．根据前文“Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. (贝洛克教授说，那些安静地坐着的学生在第二次测试中的平均得分要低12%。)”可知，为了解决学生焦虑的一种方案即考试前，让高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧，那些安静地坐着的学生在第二次测试中的平均得分要低12%，设空处应该强调那些在第二次考试前写下自己紧张恐惧的学生们的成绩如何，由此形成对比，印证前文研究者们提出的方法。D选项“But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.(但是那些写下自己恐惧的学生的成绩平均提高了5%。)”与前文形成对比，指出那些在在第二次考试前写下自己恐惧的学生的成绩平均提高了5%，符合语境。故选D。
34．根据前文“What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. (我们发现，对于那些考试焦虑的学生，那些接受了写作干预的学生，突然之间，考试焦虑和表现之间没有任何关系。)”可知，此处描述了经过写作干预后，考试焦虑和成绩之间没有任何关系，设空处应该指出具体的研究结果。A选项“They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.(他们的表现和那些在这些测试中通常不紧张的同学一样好。)”指出，经过写作干预之后，那些焦虑学生的表现和这些测试中通常不紧张的同学一样好，承接前文，强调写作干预的作用，符合语境。故选A。
35．根据前文“But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam (但是，如果学生没有机会在考试前立即写下他们的恐惧呢？)”可知，此处提出如果没有机会在考试前立即写下他们的恐惧的问题，后文应该就此问题进行回答。G选项“Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home r in the library.(贝洛克教授说，学生们可以在家或在图书馆自己尝试。)”指出，学生们可以在考试前，在家或者图书馆自己尝试写出自己的恐惧和焦虑，符合语境。故选G。
（2023上·北京顺义·高一校考期中）There is an English saying that goes, “He who laughs last, laughs the hardest.” High School Musical star Zac Efron is laughing a lot these days.
36 , because he was always the smallest in his class and he was laughed at because he had a big space between his teeth. In the sixth grade, when Efron’s basketball team wanted to be the league championship, in overtime, with three seconds left, he passed the ball to the wrong team! 37 .
38 . Now Efron is one of People magazine’s100Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood’s most influential magazine, and is traveling the world promoting the third High School Musical film. Director Adam Shankman described Efron as “arguably the biggest teen star in America right now”. Simply google “Zac Efron”, and you will get more than 14 million responses. Yes, it seems that Efron has a lot to smile about these days.
Efron was born and raised in California. 39 . According to Efron, he would study crazily if he got a B and not an A in school, and he was a class clown(小丑).It was his father who encouraged him to act. 40 . He also took singing lessons. He graduated from high school in 2006 and was accepted to study film at the University of Southern California. But he put it off-why study movies when you can star in them Efron has risen all the way to the top of the movie business. And he can now laugh all the way to the bank.
A．He took school seriously
B．His team’s opponents scored and his team lost the game
C．But history, as they say, is a thing of the past
D．He owed it a lot to his father that he succeeded
E．As a young boy, Efron was picked on by his classmates
F．He took part in school performances and acted in a local theater
G．When he was young, Efron was an unqualified basketball player
【答案】36．E 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．F
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过Zac Efron的故事阐明了谚语“笑到最后的人才笑得最好”的内涵。
36．下文“because he was always the smallest in his class and was laughed at because he had a big space between his teeth.”（因为他总是班里最矮小的，而且他的牙缝很大，所以经常被嘲笑。）说明他经常被嘲笑的原因，E项“As a young boy, Efron was picked on by his classmates”（当Efron还是个小男孩的时候，他就被同学们捉弄），衔接后文，给出了“because he was always the smallest in his class”的结果，并与and后句子形成并列照应，衔接恰当。故选E项。
37．上文“In sixth grade, Efron’s basketball team wanted to win the championship. In overtime, with three seconds left, he grabbed the ball but passed it to the wrong team!”（六年级的时候，当Efron所在的篮球队想要获得联赛冠军时，在加时赛的最后三秒，他把球传给了错误的球队!）说明Efron在比赛中犯了严重的失误，B项“His team’s opponents scored and his team lost the game”（对手得分了，他的球队输掉了比赛。）说明了该失误的后果，衔接恰当。故选B项。
38．下文“Now Efron is one of People magazine’s100Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood’s most influential magazine, and is traveling the world promoting the third High School Musical film.”（如今，Efron是《人物》杂志评选的100位最美丽的人物之一，登上了好莱坞最有影响力的杂志《娱乐周刊》的封面，并正在世界各地宣传第三部《歌舞青春》电影。）说明他现在非常成功，与之前大相径庭。C项“But history, as they say, is a thing of the past”（但正如他们所说，历史是过去的事）承上启下，衔接恰当。故选C项。
39．下文“According to Efron, he would study crazily if he got a B and not an A in school, and he was a class clown”（据Efron说，在学习上，如果他得了B而不是A的话，他会发疯，他觉得他是班上的小丑。）说明他在学习上非常严格认真。A项“He took school seriously”（他对待学习很认真）衔接恰当。故选A项。
40．上文“It was his father who encouraged him to act.”（是他的父亲鼓励他去学习表演的。）说明他在父亲的鼓励下开始学习表演，F项“He took part in school performances and acted in a local theater”（他参加学校的演出，并在当地的剧院演出）说明了他学习表演的历程，衔接恰当。故选F项。
（2023上·北京·高一北京市第五十中学校考期中）Shaw began losing his sight as a young man and had difficulty holding jobs due to his failing vision. 41 But Shaw said he couldn’t bear to part with a dog and adjust to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
Finally Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. Shaw learned that the horses are clean, friendly, and easy to train. They can be housebroken and learn to live in an urban setting, but they are best suited for suburban or rural homes. 42 This would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most of his life.
Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. He went to the Burlesons’ farm to begin his training. 43 “It’s like it was meant to be,” he said.
As part of their training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to cross busy streets, step onto stairs, and find doorknobs and elevator buttons. Cuddles even showed his ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. 44 When walking inside, Cuddles wears two pairs of tiny sneakers to prevent him from slipping on smooth surfaces.
45 They toured the crowded streets and attractions of New York City. They visited the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, and even rode the subways. They got along without any difficulties and passed the exam successfully. Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better. Years ago, he never would have imagined himself owning a guide horse. Sometimes, however, it is the less obvious choice that works out for the best.
A．Shaw felt most satisfied with it.
B．Eventually, they took the final test.
C．Best of all, they live for 25-35 years.
D．His friends suggested that he apply for a guide dog.
E．The guide dog was so helpful while accompanying him.
F．The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls.
G．As soon as he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice.
【答案】41．D 42．C 43．G 44．F 45．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Shaw因为视力下降申请小导盲马并顺利通过测试的过程。
41．根据上文“Shaw began losing his sight as a young man and had difficulty holding jobs due to his failing vision.(Shaw年轻时就开始失明，由于视力下降，他很难找到工作。)”可知，Shaw视力下降，结合下文“But Shaw said he couldn’t bear to part with s dog and adjust to a new one…(Shaw说他无法忍受和狗分开，去适应一只新的……)”推知，空处是建议他找一只导盲犬，D项：His friends suggested that he apply for a guide dog.(他的朋友建议他申请一只导盲犬)符合语境。故选D。
42．根据上文“Finally Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses.(最后，Shaw听说了一个关于小导盲马的项目)”和下文“This would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most of his life.(这将使Shaw一生中大部分时间都有同一个向导陪伴)”可知，空处提到小导盲马的寿命比较长，C项中的“they”指代上文的“the tiny guide horses”。C项：Best of all, they live for 25-35 years.(最好的是，它们能活25-35年)符合语境。故选C。
43．根据上文“Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. He went to the Burlesons’ farm to begin his training.(Shaw立即提出申请，并被接受为第一个获得导盲马的人。他去伯勒森家的农场开始他的训练)”和下文““It’s like it was meant to be,” he said.(“就像命中注定一样，”他说)”可知，空处表达他申请成功后，见到导盲马以后的态度。G项：As soon as he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice.(一见到Cuddles，他就知道自己的选择是正确的)符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
44．根据上文“Cuddles even showed his ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation.(甚至还展示了他的能力，他可以站在Shaw的前面挡住他，防止他陷入危险的境地)”可知，空处承接上文，描述Shaw接受导盲马带来的好处。F项：The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls.(这匹小马还熟练地领着Shaw穿过繁忙的购物中心)符合语境。故选F。
45．根据下文“They toured the crowded streets and attractions of New York City. They visited the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, and even rode the subways. They got along without any difficulties and passed the exam successfully(他们游览了纽约市拥挤的街道和景点。他们参观了帝国大厦、自由女神像，甚至还乘坐了地铁。他们相处得很顺利，顺利通过了考试)”可知，本段主要讲述Shaw和导盲马进行了测试。B项中的“the final test”和下文中的“passed the exam successfully”对应。B项：Eventually, they took the final test.(最终，他们进行了最后的测试)符合语境。故选B。
（2023上·北京·高一北京育才学校校考期中）Nowadays, students seem to be increasingly glued to their phones. Reading books is a great way to help fight that addiction, but how can students get a good reading habit
46
You want to start reading and aren’t quite sure where to go. 47 . It doesn’t matter what form of text it is, so long as it’s interesting. A good place to start is online articles. 48 . Once you’re comfortable with reading short pieces of text, move on to short novels or magazines. It’s recommended that you pick books with awards, because that’s probably a safe bet.
Read step by step and consistently.
Longer pieces of text and thick novels may seem intimidating(令人胆怯的), but an important thing to remember is that you don’t have to read the whole thing in one day. 49 . Read a little every day. It doesn’t matter if it’s 10minutes or 30, so long as you actually sit down and read. Something that can help with this is that you get yourself a small cozy reading corner, so you can get in the mood to read. Also, bring your book everywhere. I mean it. 50 .
A．There are many websites with a variety of topics, ranging from animals to politics.
B．Read it on the plane, in queues, instead of looking at your phone.
C．What you have to remember to do is to be consistent.
D．Where can you go to look for books
E．I recommend looking for things that interest you.
F．Don’t read too difficult books.
G．Read right books.
【答案】46．G 47．E 48．A 49．C 50．B
【导语】本文是说明文。如今，学生们似乎越来越依赖手机。阅读书籍是一个很好的方法来帮助对抗上瘾。文章主要介绍了一些帮助学生养成良好阅读习惯的方法。
46．此处是本段小标题，根据本段中的“It’s recommended that you pick books with awards, because that’s probably a safe bet.(建议你选择有奖励的书，因为这可能是一个安全的赌注。)”可知，本段主要介绍了要选择对的书，G项“读正确的书。”能概括本段内容，故选G。
47．上文“You want to start reading and aren’t quite sure where to go.(你想开始阅读，却不知道该读什么。)”指出你想开始阅读，却不知道如何开始，空处承接上文，就此问题给出建议，E项“我建议你找一些你感兴趣的东西。”符合，故选E。
48．上文“A good place to start is online articles. (一个好的开始是在线阅读文章。)”提出了可以从网上阅读开始，空处承接上文，具体介绍在线阅读的优点，A项“有许多网站有各种各样的主题，从动物到政治。”符合，故选A。
49．上文“Longer pieces of text and thick novels may seem intimidating(令人胆怯的), but an important thing to remember is that you don’t have to read the whole thing in one day. (较长的文字和厚厚的小说可能看起来令人生畏，但重要的是要记住，你不必在一天之内读完整本书。)”指出在读较长的文字和厚厚的小说时，不必在一天之内读完整本书，空处承接上文，指出我们在读较长的文字和厚厚的小说时该如何做，C项“你要记住的是要始终如一。”符合，故选C。
50．上文“Also, bring your book everywhere. I mean it. (还有，把你的书带到任何地方。我是认真的。)”指出作者建议我们要把书带到任何地方去读，空处承接上文，对“任何地方”进行列举，B项“在飞机上排队时阅读，而不是看手机。”符合，故选B。专题07 七选五10篇
（2023下·北京·高一北京市广渠门中学校考期中）At a Loss for Words
Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”.
If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. 1 That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.
English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. 2 However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.
3 English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory, while it would come as a strange surprise in English.
It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you consider essential. For instance, the Scandinavian languages lack a word for “please”, one of the first taught in other tongues because it softens what otherwise might be a rude-sounding request from a novice speaker. 4 They express this from “May I ask for ” in public to tacking on “so you are sweet” in a request to a friend or family member.
It is attractive to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. 5 For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try. Bon courage!
A．Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.
B．It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.
C．What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.
D．Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.
E．You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely.
F．But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one — or borrow it.
G．But they are not rude: they achieve the same end through other, longer formulations.
（2023上·北京通州·高一统考期中）If you are a fan of fast fashion, your choices may be narrowing in the near future. Recently, a large number of fast-fashion stores were closed worldwide. 6
A major reason is the shift in the mindset (心态) of consumers. Millennials, those who were born in the 1980s or 1990s, are now the largest consumer group. 7 Low-priced fast fashion is not their priority. More people are starting to care about quality and the stories behind a product.
8 The fashion industry is one of the largest polluters of clean water and three-fifths of clothes produced in a year end up in landfills (垃圾场). As there is more awareness of the climate crisis (危机), younger people are pursuing more eco-friendly choices.
Molly, 22, is one of them. Before she went to college, she used to frequent fast-fashion shops. 9 Now, she tries to shop in a way that is both sustainable (可持续的) and affordable:She shops second-hand. “My friend showed me how easy it was to be thrifty (节约的), and I developed a new personal style that focused less on trends but on basics that don’t go out of style,” she said.
In order to survive in the competitive market, many fast-fashion brands are making changes as well. 10 “Sustainability is a never-ending task in which everyone here is involved”, said a CEO of a fast-fashion company.
A．Millennials like brands with a long history.
B．It shows that fast fashion is slowing down.
C．Climate change should be blamed on the fashion industry.
D．Unlike their predecessors (前人), millennials hold different attitudes towards products.
E．Another factor is the growing concern over the fashion industry’s effect on the environment.
F．For example, some companies plan for all of their clothes to be sustainable in the future.
G．But after taking a class that focused on the environmental impact of clothing production, her preference changed.
（2022下·北京昌平·高一昌平一中校考期中）The Buy Nothing Movement
Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard (猛轰) people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before. The average person spends more than 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much. 11 A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about 670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they haven’t earned to buy things they don’t need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill (垃圾填埋地) sites.
12 But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.
However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism—the ‘buy nothing’ trend. 13 On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.
The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars. 14
The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. 15 But even if you can’t manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don’t need.
A．In one year, they’d saved $55,000.
B．If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.
C．Many people didn’t support the idea at the very beginning.
D．Second-hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in charity shops.
E．But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment
F．The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US.
G．People might not realise the problems because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities.
（2022下·北京房山·高一统考期中）The music is on. The figure skater glides, jumps and spins. One turn, two turns, three turns. 16
Why People often feel dizzy and lose balance after spinning around. 17 The eyes reach their limit before our head finishes a full turn, so they turn back to a new starting point, said Scientific American. When our eyes repeat this, we get dizzy.
Figure skaters don’t have any super power. 18 Their secret is lots and lots of practice, according to Science Focus magazine. As they train more, their brains get used to the feeling.
19 One method is called “opposing eye movement”. It’s like the eye movement when we watch a moving train pass in front of us while our heads stay still. Skaters can train themselves to engage this eye movement when they spin. Scientific American said this can offset the dizzy feeling.
20 We feel dizzier when our brain feels changes in speed. Skaters can also pick one spot to stare at as they stop turning. “Some skaters will design a dance move at the end of a long spin.” said Science Focus. This provides a little break while the dizziness passes.
A．No pain, no gain.
B．They get dizzy, too.
C．Their movements are so smooth and graceful.
D．Other methods include keeping a uniform speed.
E．Skaters also have methods to help them feel less dizzy.
F．It seems they never get dizzy no matter how many times they spin.
G．This is because when we move our head during a spin, our eyes start to move in the opposite direction.
（2022上·北京石景山·高一北京市第九中学校考期中）We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. 21 .
So, you have to give a speech—and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble（结结巴巴） over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. ”
Cheer up! 22 . Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion Why are you speaking Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. 23 . Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. 24 . And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.
If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You don’t believe yet 25 .
A．It doesn’t have to be that bad.
B．Take several deep breaths before your speech.
C．This article gives some advice on how to give a good speech.
D．Say what you have to say and then stop.
E．Don’t say what you aren’t familiar with.
F．Never forget your audience.
G．Give it a try and see what happens.
（2023上·北京顺义·高一牛栏山一中校考期中）What Is a Boy
Between the innocence of babyhood and the seriousness of manhood we find a delightful creature called an “boy”. 26 . They all believe that the pleasure of life is to enjoy every second of every minute of every hour of every day and to fill the air with noise until the adult males pack them off to bed at night.
27 When you want him to make a good impression, his brain turns to jelly, or else he becomes a wild creature bent on destroying the world and himself with it.
28 He has the stomach of a horse, the digestion of stones and sand, the energy of an atomic bomb, the curiosity of a cat, the imagination of a superman, the shyness of a sweet girl, the brave nature of a bull, the violence of a firecracker, but when you ask him to make something, he has five thumbs (拇指) on each hand.
He likes ice cream, knives, saws, Christmas, comic books, woods, water (in its natural habitat). 29 He is not much for Sunday schools, company, schools, books without pictures, music lessons, neckties, barbers, girls, overcoats, adults, or bedtime.
30 Nobody else gets so much fun out of trees, dogs and breezes. Nobody else can put into one pocket a rusty knife, a half eaten apple, a three-feet rope, six cents and some unknown things. A boy is a magical creature — he is your headache but when you come home at night with only shattered pieces of your hopes and dreams, he can mend them like new with two magic words, “Hi, Dad!”
A．In fact a boy is a mixture.
B．Nobody else is so early to rise, or so late to supper.
C．When you are busy, a boy is a trouble-maker and a noise.
D．Girls are more active and intelligent than boys sometimes.
E．Boys will feel it uncomfortable if they are controlled too strictly.
F．Boys came in different sizes, weights, and colors, but all boys have the same belief.
G．He also has a preference for large animals, Dad, trains, Saturday mornings, and fire engines.
（2023上·北京大兴·高一统考期中）Some students get so nervous before a test. 31 Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when they worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源).
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
32 They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. 33 Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated (不相关的) to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
“What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. 34 ”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam 35
A．They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.
B．Researchers asked students to direct their attention from the test.
C．The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students.
D．But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.
E．They do poorly even if they know the material.
F．It doesn’t matter where we write about our worries before an exam.
G．Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home r in the library.
（2023上·北京顺义·高一校考期中）There is an English saying that goes, “He who laughs last, laughs the hardest.” High School Musical star Zac Efron is laughing a lot these days.
36 , because he was always the smallest in his class and he was laughed at because he had a big space between his teeth. In the sixth grade, when Efron’s basketball team wanted to be the league championship, in overtime, with three seconds left, he passed the ball to the wrong team! 37 .
38 . Now Efron is one of People magazine’s100Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood’s most influential magazine, and is traveling the world promoting the third High School Musical film. Director Adam Shankman described Efron as “arguably the biggest teen star in America right now”. Simply google “Zac Efron”, and you will get more than 14 million responses. Yes, it seems that Efron has a lot to smile about these days.
Efron was born and raised in California. 39 . According to Efron, he would study crazily if he got a B and not an A in school, and he was a class clown(小丑).It was his father who encouraged him to act. 40 . He also took singing lessons. He graduated from high school in 2006 and was accepted to study film at the University of Southern California. But he put it off-why study movies when you can star in them Efron has risen all the way to the top of the movie business. And he can now laugh all the way to the bank.
A．He took school seriously
B．His team’s opponents scored and his team lost the game
C．But history, as they say, is a thing of the past
D．He owed it a lot to his father that he succeeded
E．As a young boy, Efron was picked on by his classmates
F．He took part in school performances and acted in a local theater
G．When he was young, Efron was an unqualified basketball player
（2023上·北京·高一北京市第五十中学校考期中）Shaw began losing his sight as a young man and had difficulty holding jobs due to his failing vision. 41 But Shaw said he couldn’t bear to part with a dog and adjust to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
Finally Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. Shaw learned that the horses are clean, friendly, and easy to train. They can be housebroken and learn to live in an urban setting, but they are best suited for suburban or rural homes. 42 This would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most of his life.
Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. He went to the Burlesons’ farm to begin his training. 43 “It’s like it was meant to be,” he said.
As part of their training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to cross busy streets, step onto stairs, and find doorknobs and elevator buttons. Cuddles even showed his ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. 44 When walking inside, Cuddles wears two pairs of tiny sneakers to prevent him from slipping on smooth surfaces.
45 They toured the crowded streets and attractions of New York City. They visited the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, and even rode the subways. They got along without any difficulties and passed the exam successfully. Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better. Years ago, he never would have imagined himself owning a guide horse. Sometimes, however, it is the less obvious choice that works out for the best.
A．Shaw felt most satisfied with it.
B．Eventually, they took the final test.
C．Best of all, they live for 25-35 years.
D．His friends suggested that he apply for a guide dog.
E．The guide dog was so helpful while accompanying him.
F．The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls.
G．As soon as he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice.
（2023上·北京·高一北京育才学校校考期中）Nowadays, students seem to be increasingly glued to their phones. Reading books is a great way to help fight that addiction, but how can students get a good reading habit
46
You want to start reading and aren’t quite sure where to go. 47 . It doesn’t matter what form of text it is, so long as it’s interesting. A good place to start is online articles. 48 . Once you’re comfortable with reading short pieces of text, move on to short novels or magazines. It’s recommended that you pick books with awards, because that’s probably a safe bet.
Read step by step and consistently.
Longer pieces of text and thick novels may seem intimidating(令人胆怯的), but an important thing to remember is that you don’t have to read the whole thing in one day. 49 . Read a little every day. It doesn’t matter if it’s 10minutes or 30, so long as you actually sit down and read. Something that can help with this is that you get yourself a small cozy reading corner, so you can get in the mood to read. Also, bring your book everywhere. I mean it. 50 .
A．There are many websites with a variety of topics, ranging from animals to politics.
B．Read it on the plane, in queues, instead of looking at your phone.
C．What you have to remember to do is to be consistent.
D．Where can you go to look for books
E．I recommend looking for things that interest you.
F．Don’t read too difficult books.
G．Read right books.
