第9讲 八年级上Unit1-4【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)

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名称 第9讲 八年级上Unit1-4【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)
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更新时间 2024-03-21 21:03:39

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第9讲 八年级上 Unit 1--4
重点单词 anyone /'eniw n/ pron.任何人 anywhere /'eniwe (r)/ adv.任何地方 wonderful /'w nd fl/ adj.精彩的;绝妙的 few/ fju:/adj.&pron.不多;很少 something /'s mθ / pron.某事;某物 nothing 'n θ / pron.没有什么;没有一件东西 everyone /'evriw n/ pron.每人;人人;所有人 myself /ma 'self/ pron.我自己;我本人 yourself /j :'self/ pron.你自己;您自己 seem /si:m/ vi.好像;似乎;看来 bored /b :d/ adj.厌倦的;烦闷的 someone /'s mw n/ pron.某人 diary /'da ri/ n.日记;日记簿 activity / k't v ti/ n.活动 decide /d 'sa d/ v.决定;选定 try /tra / v.尝试;设法;努力 wonder /'w nd (r)/ v.想知道;琢磨 difference /'d fr ns/ n.差别;差异 enough / 'n f/ adj.足够的(地)adv.充足的(地);充分的(地) hungry /'h ɡri/ adj.饥饿的 as / z/ conj.像……一样;如同 dislike /d s'la k/v.&n.不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物) housework /'ha sw :(r)k/ n.家务劳动;家务事 hardly /'hɑ:(r)dli/ adv.几乎不;几乎没有 ever /'ev (r)/ adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经 once /w ns/ adv.一次;曾经 twice /twa s/ adv.两次;两倍 Internet /' nt net/n.(国际)互联网;因特网 Program /'pr ɡr m/ n.(=programme)节目 full /f l/ adj.忙的;满的;充满的 junk /d k / n.无用的东西;无价值的东西 coffee /'k fi/ n.咖啡 health /helθ/ n.健康;人的身体(或精神)状态 result /r 'z lt/ n.结果;后果 percent /p 'sent/ n.(=per cent)百分之…… online / n'la n/,/’ɑ:n la n/adj.&dav在线(的);联网(的) television /'tel v n/ n.电视节目;电视机 although / :l' / conj.虽然;尽管;即使 through /θru:/ prep.以;凭借;穿过 mind /ma nd/ n.头脑;心智 body /'b di/,/ bɑ:di/ n.身体 such /s t / adj.&pron这样的;那样的;类似的 together /t 'ɡe (r)/ adv.在一起;共同 die /da / v.消失;灭亡;死亡 writer /'ra t (r)/n.作者;作家 dentist /'dent st/ n.牙科医生 magazine /’m g zi:n/,/ m g zi:n/n.杂志;期刊 however /ha 'ev (r)/adv.然而;不过 outgoing['a tɡ ] dj. 外向的 better['bet (r)] adj. & adv. (good和well的比较级) 较好的(地);更好的(地) loudly['la dli]adv.喧闹地;大声地;响亮地 quietly['kwa tli]adv.轻声地; 轻柔地;安静地 hard-working[ hɑ (r)d'w k ]adj. 工作努力的;辛勤的 competition [ k mp 't n], [ kɑ mp 't n] n. 比赛;竞赛;竞争 fantastic [f n't st k] adj. 极好的;了不起的 clearly ['kl li], ['kl rli] adv. 清楚地;清晰地;明白的 win [w n] v. 获胜;赢;赢得 though [ ] adv.不过;可是;然而 conj. 虽然;尽管;不过 talented['t l nt d] adj. 有才能的;有才干的 truly ['tru li] adv. 真正;确实 care [ke ] v. 在意;担忧;关心 serious ['s ri s] adj. 严肃的;稳重的 necessary ['nes s ri]adj. 必需的;必要的 grade [gre d] n. 成绩等级;评分等级 reach [ri t ] v. 伸手;到达;抵达 touch [t t ] v. 感动;触摸 break [bre k] v.(使)破;裂;碎;损坏 laugh [lɑ f],v. 笑;发笑 n. 笑声 share [ e ] v. 分享,共享;共用;分摊 loud [la d] adj. 响亮的;大声的 similar ['s m l (r)] adj. 相像的;类似的 information [ nf (r)'me n] n. 信息;消息 theater ['θ t ] n.剧场;电影院;戏院 comfortable ['k mft bl] adj.舒适的;充裕的 seat [si t] n.座位; screen [skri n] n.屏幕;银幕 close [kl s] v.关;合拢;不开放;停业 worst [w st] adj.最坏的;最差的 cheaply ['t i pli] adv.廉价地;粗俗地 song [s ] n.歌曲;歌唱 choose [t u z] v.选择;决定 carefully ['ke f li] adv.小心地,认真地 reporter [r 'p t (r)] n.记者 fresh [fre ] adj.新鲜的;清新的 comfortably ['k mft bli] adv.舒服地;容易地;充裕地 worse [w s] adj.更坏的;更差的 service ['s v s] n.服务 pretty ['pr ti] adv.相当地adj.漂亮的 creative [kri'e t v] adj.创造的,创造性的; performer [p 'f m (r)] n.表演者;执行者 talent ['t l nt] n.天赋;才能,才艺; common ['k m n] adj.常见的;共同的;普通的 magician [m 'd n] n.魔术师;术士 role [r l] n.作用;角色 winner ['w n (r)] n.获胜者 prize [pra z] n.奖品;奖金 example [ ɡ'zɑ mpl] n.例子;榜样 poor [p (r)] adj.可怜的;贫穷的 seriously ['s ri sli] 严重地,严肃地 crowded ['kra d d] adj.拥挤的
词汇拓展 bored adj.厌倦的;烦闷的→boring adj.令人厌烦的;乏味的 diary n.日记;日记簿 *keep a diary记日记 decide v.决定;选定→decision n.决定 *decide to do sth.决定做某事 *make a decision to do 决定做某事 try v.尝试;设法;努力 *try to do sth. 尽力做某事 *try doing sth.尝试做某事 *try one’s best to do 尽某人全力做某事 building n.建筑物;房子→build v.建造 trader n.商人→trade n. 贸易 wonder v.想知道;琢磨→wonderful adj.极好的 difference n.差别;差异→different adj.不同的 *make a difference 产生影响 *be different from与...不同 wait v.等待;等候→waiter n.服务员 *wait for sb/sth 等待某人/某事 *can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 hungry adj.饥饿的→ hunger n.饥饿 full adj.忙的;满的;充满的→ fill v. * be full of=be filled with充满;装满 health n.健康→ healthy adj. *be in good health 身体健康 *keep healthy 保持健康 mind n.头脑;心智→ mind v.忍受 *change one’s mind 改变主意 *keep.......in mind 牢记 *make up one’s mind下决心 *mind doing 忍受做某事 die v.消失;灭亡;死亡→ dying 现在分词→ death n.→dead adj. writer n.作者;作家→winning ing形式→write v. less adv.较少;较小adj.&pron较少的;更少的→little 原级→least 最高级 *at least 至少 *less than 少于 better adj.&adv.较好的/地;更好的地→ good/well原级→ best最高级 loudly adv.喧闹地;大声地→ loud adj quietly adv.轻声地;轻柔地→ quiet adj. competition n.比赛;竞赛;竞争→ compete v. → competitor n.竞争者 *compete with/against与某人竞争 clearly adv.清楚地;清晰地→ clear adj. win v.获胜;赢;赢得→ won vp,→ won vpp. → winner 获胜者 talented adj.有才能的;有才干的→ talent n. *be talented in 在...有天赋 truly adv.真正;确实→ true adj.→ truth n. *come true 实现 *tell the truth说真话;说实话 care v.在意;担忧;关心→ care v.关心→ careful adj.→ carefully adv.→ caring善解人意的 care about关心;在意 *take care of照顾 serious adj. 严肃的;稳重的→ seriously adv. *take ...seriously 认真对待 grade n.成绩等级;年级→ grade 打分;评分 *get good grades 取得好成绩 saying n.谚语;格言;警句→ say v. reach v.伸手;到达;抵达 *reach for 伸手拿 touch v.感动;触摸→ touched感动的→ touching 动人的 break (使)破;裂;碎;损坏→ broke vp.→ broken vpp. → broken adj.破碎的 laugh v. 笑;发笑→ laughter n, *laugh at嘲笑 share v. 分享,共享;共用;分摊 *share sth with sb和某人分享 similar adj. 相像的;类似的 *be similar to 与······相像的;与······类似的 comfortable adj.舒适的;充裕的→ comfortably adv.→ uncomfortable adj.不舒适的→ comfort v.安慰/n.舒适 *be comfortable doing seat n.座位→ sit v.坐 worst adj.最坏的;最差的→ bad/badly 原级→ worst 最高级 cheaply adv.廉价地;粗俗地→ cheap adj. choose v.选择;决定→ chose→vp.→chosen vpp.→ choice n. reporter n.记者→ report v.报道 *it is reported that ...据报道称 service n.服务→serve v.服务→ servant n.仆人 act v.行动;表演→action n.行动→actor n.演员→actress n.女演员→acting n.表演 creative adj.创造的;创造性的→create v.创造→creature n.生物;动物 performer n.表演者;执行者→perform v.表演→performance n.表演 talent n.天赋; 才能; 才艺;→talented adj.有天赋的 magician n.魔术师;术士→magic n.魔法 beautifully adv.美丽地;完美地→beautiful adj.→beauty n. example n.例子;榜样 *for example例如 *set an example 树立一个榜样 crowded adj.拥挤的→crowd n.人群→uncrowded adj.不拥挤生物
重点短语 1. go on vacation 去度假 2. stay at home 呆在家 3. go to the mountains 上山/进山 4. go to the beach 到海边去 5. visit museums 参观博物馆 6. go to the summer camp 去夏令营 7. quite a few 相当多 8. study for为…… 学习, 9. go out 出去 10. most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间 11. taste good 尝起来味道好 12. have a good time 玩的开心 13. of course 当然可以 14. feel like 感觉像……/想要 15. go shopping 去购物 16. in the past 在过去 17. walk around 绕……走 18. too many 太多(可数名词前面) 19. because of 因为 20. find out 查出来/发现 21. go on 继续 22. take photos 照相 23. something important 重要的事情 24. up and down 上上下下 e up 出来 26.help with housework 帮助做家务活 27.go shopping 购物 28.how often 多久一次 29.hardly ever几乎不 30.once a week 每周一次 31.twice a month每月二次 32.go to the movies去看电影 33.use the Internet上网/用网 34.have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 35.swing dance摇摆舞 36.play tennis 打网球 37.stay up late 熬夜 38.at least至少 39.go to bed early 早睡 40.play sports 锻炼身体 41.be good for 对…有好处 42.go camping去野营 43.in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间 44.not….at all 根本不 45.the most popular 最流行 46.such as例如 47.go to the dentist去看牙医 48.more than 超过/多于 49.Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改 50.hard=difficult 困难的 51.less than 少于/不到 52. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗 53. as...as...与…… 一样 54. the singing competition 歌咏比赛 55. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋 56. the same as 与……相同 57. care about 关心/留意/关注 58. be different from 与…...不同 59. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 60. as long as 只要;与…...一样长 61. bring out 显示/显出 62. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 63. reach for 伸手达到/达到 64. touch one’s heart 感动 65. in fact 事实上 66. make friends 交朋友 67. be good at 在某方面成绩好 68. be similar to 与…相似 69. be good with 与…和睦相处 70. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 71. no problem 没什么,别客气 72. have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 73. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责 74. all kinds of … 各种各样的…… 75 play a role in doing sth./ sth. 发挥作用,有影响 76. make up 编造(故事、谎言等) 77. for example=e.g. 例如 78. take …..seriously 认真对待 79. not everybody 并不是每个人 80. close to 离..….近 81. more and more 越来越……
重点句型 1. —Where did you go on vacation —I went to New York City. 2. —Did you go out with anyone —No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. —Did you buy anything special —Yes, I bought something for my father. 4. —How was the food —Everything tasted really good. 5. —Did everyone have a good time —Oh, yes. Everything was excellent 6. There was nothing much to do in the evening but read. 7.—What do you usually do on weekends —I always exercise. 8.—What do they do on weekends —They often help with housework. 9.—What does she do on weekends —She sometimes goes shopping. 11.—How often do you go to the movies —I go to the movies maybe once a month. 12.—How often does he watch TV —He hardly ever watches TV. 13. —Do you go shopping —No, I never go shopping. 14. Sam has longer hair than Tom. = Sam’s hair is longer than Tom’s. 15. I’m taller now than I was 2 years ago = I was shorter 2 years ago than I am now. 16. I study harder now than I did 2 years ago. 17. I studied harder 2 years ago than I do now. 18. Who is smarter, your mother or your father 19. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror. 20. That’s why I like reading books. 21. I think friends are like books —— you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 22. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 23. It’s not necessary to be the same. 24. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 25. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 26. In fact, she’s funnier than anyone. 27. In what ways are you different 28. Is he different from you in any way 29. Huang Lei isn’t as good at tennis as Larry. 30. The DJs choose songs the most carefully. 31. How do you like it so far = What do you think of it so far = How do you feel about it so far 32. Thanks for telling me. 33. Be up to you to do something 34. They play a role in deciding the winner. 35. He is much better than other actors at finding the most interesting roles. 36. I still don’t really know my way around. 37. How far is it from your home 38. However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows. 39. Some think that the lives of the performers are made up. 40. However, if you don’t take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch. 41. And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.
知识点
◆考点1 1. Did you do anything special last month
本句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句,其中的anything special意为“任何特别的事”,special是形容词,修饰anything。
【拓展】复合不定代词的用法:
概念:复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。
(1)复合不定代词通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Is everyone here today 今天,大家都到齐了吗?
(2) 形容词修饰不定代词时要后置
(3) something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如:
He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。
注意:在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词,如:
Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗?
◆精题巧练
1.(2022 安徽)—I have____ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.
—Yes,they're well worth praising.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
【答案】B
【解析】考查复合不定代词词义辨析。句意“我____只有对警察的称赞,因为他们经常帮助人们走出困境。”“是的,他们非常值得称赞。”every-thing每件事;nothing什么都没有;anything任何事;something一些事。根据句中“but”可知,此处考查故选 B"have nothing but。
2.(2022 上海) Make sure____ has the textbooks when the new term starts.
A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody
【答案】D
【解析】考查复合不定代词词义辨析。句意:确保新学期开始前____都有教科书。nobody没有人;anybody任何人,常用于否定句和疑问句中:somebody某人;everybody每个人。根据语境可知,这里是指确保每个人都有教科书。故选D。
◆考点2 Yes, I bought something for my father.
本句中用了buy sth. for sb.的句型。buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”,也可用buy sb. sth,即buy后跟双宾语,sb. 指人是间接宾语,sth.指物是直接宾语。例如:
He bought me a present. = He bought a present for me. 他给我买了一份礼物。
◆考点3 …because there were too many people.
too many在句中作形容词,意为“许多,大量”,后接可数名词。例如:
There are too many books in the room.房间里有太多的书了。
【拓展】too much / too many / much too词组
词语 词形 特点
too much 形容词短语 后跟不可数名词,也可作代词短语
too many 形容词短语 后跟可数名词的复数,也可作代词短语
much too 副词短语 后跟形容词或副词
辨析:
Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth.
It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.
I had too much. I’m full now.
You ask too many questions.
◆考点4 And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
本句中的because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如:
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
【拓展】because和because of的辨析:
because 表示原因 后面接句子,常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在
because of 面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。
辨析:
I stayed at home because it rained.
Because Lingling’s illness, she didn’t come to school.
◆考点5 How often do you watch TV 你多久看一次
how often意为“多长时间一次 ,每隔多久”,是对句中的often, usually,every day, sometimes, never, once a week等表示频率的词或短语提问,多用于一般现在时。
—How often do you go to see a film 你多久看一次电影
—Once a week. 一周一次。
◆考点6 They look like my friends and me when we fight!
look like意为“看起来像……”应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如:
He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。
That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have.那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。
It looks like it's going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。
注意:What does/do sb/sth look like 这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如:
—What does the girl look like 那个女孩长什么样?
—She is short and thin. 她又矮又瘦。
拓展:be like意为“像……”。例如:
—What is the old man like 那个老人怎么样?
—He is kind. 他很和蔼。
◆考点7 But do you want to come
(1)want意为“想要”后可接名词或不定式,构成want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”;want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。例如:Do you want to join us 你想加入到我们中吗?
(2)want的用法还有:want sth.,意为“想要什么”。例如:She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。
【拓展】
want (sb.) to do sth.=would like (sb.) to do sth.=feel like doing
I wanted to go swimming. = I would like to go swimming. =I feel like going swimming.
◆精题巧练
1.(2020广西桂林)7.They want _______a football match.
A.not watch B.watch C.to watch
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他们想看一场足球比赛。考查动词的用法。not watch动词原形的否定;watch观看,动词原形;to watch动词不定式。根据want的用法want to do sth“想要做某事”可知,这里用动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
(2020湖南永州)Touched by doctors and nurses in Wuhan, Li Ming wants _______ (be) a doctor when he grows up.
【答案】to be
【解析】句意:被武汉的医生和护士感动,李明想长大了成为一名医生。
表达“想做某事”用动词短语want to do,此处用动词不定式 to be表示“想成为一名医生”。故答案为to be。
◆考点8 She says it’s good for my health.
be good for意为“对……有好处,对……有益处”,介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for,意为“对……有害处”。例如:
Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。
Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
【拓展】
be good to “对……好”, 介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词.其反义短语为be bad to“对……不好”
be good at “在……方面擅长”, 介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。
be good with “和……相处得好 擅于和……相处” 介词with后面常跟某人,同义词短语get along with
辨析:
She is good at English and Chinese.
Are you good with children
She is very good to us.
◆考点9 It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows…
It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”,to do sth.为句子的真正的主语,而it为形式主语,形式主语不能用别的词来代替,句中可在形容词后加for sb.,意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”。例如:
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说,学习一门外语是相当重要的。
It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说,多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别:
(1)在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中,for sb.意为“对某人来说”,句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的,形式主语只能用it。例如:
It’s necessary for the students to do some housework.对于学生们来说,做些家务是十分必要的。
(2)在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”,句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构,即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.(某人)的。例如:
It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
◆考点10 Exercise such as playing sports is fun…
such as用来列举多个事物,一般不全部列出,插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。例如:
The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼,例如,稻谷、小麦和棉花。
【拓展】
for example“例如”,可以作为独立语插入句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系,用以列举某一个人或事。例如:A lot of children, for example, Tom likes drinking tea. 很多小孩,例如Tom喜欢喝茶。
◆考点11 That’s Tara, isn’t it
That’s Tara, isn’t it 是反意疑问句,表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,疑问句是由be,have,助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致。例如
He is old, isn’t he 他老了,不是吗?
He never went there, did he 他从没有去过那里,是吗?
无论哪种形式的反意疑问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”
—The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isn’t she 那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗?
—Yes, she is. 是的,她在帮。
—No, she isn’t. 不,她没有帮。
◆考点12 That’s why …
why引导的从句在此作is的表语,是表语从句。引导表语从句的词除了why外,还有that; whether; as if; what; which; who; whose; when; where; how等。表语从句与宾语从句一样,要求用陈述语序。例如:
That is where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。
The problem is whether he will come. 问题是他是否回来。
This is what we need. 这就是我们所需要的。
【注意】That’s why…可视以为一个固定句式,表示“这便是为什么……”、“这就是……的原因”,why的后面一般接句子。例如:
That’s why he was late this morning. 这就是他今天早上迟到的原因。
◆考点13 …you don’t need a lot of them as long as you’re good.
as long as为固定搭配,意为“只要……”。此句中的long为副词。例如:
We can talk about this as long as you want. 主要你想(谈),我们可以谈谈这件事。
As long as I live, I will help you. 只要我活着,我就会帮助你。
【拓展】as...as…中间加形容词或副词原形,表示同级的比较,意为“和……一样”。
This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
其否定式为not as/so… as…中间加形容词或副词原形,意为“和……不一样”。例如:
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
◆考点14 I think a good friend makes me laugh.
make 在此处是使役动词,后接省略to的动词不定式,make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。例如:
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget the past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
【拓展】
make作“使……”讲时,还可用make+ 宾语 + 形容词/名词(作宾补),即make sb. / sth. +adj./n.。类似的词还有keep等。例如:
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。
Don’t keep the door open. 别把门开着。
◆考点15 My best friend Larry is quite different from me.
be different from意为“与……不同”。different的名词形式为difference,意为“不同;不同之处”。例如:
Saying a thing is very different from doing it. 说一件事和做一件事很不相同。
Whether it rains or not makes no difference to me. 下不下雨对我来说都一样。
【拓展】the same as意为“和……一样/相同”;be similar to 意为“与...相似”
◆考点16 Talent shows are getting more and more popular.
getting more and more popular意为“越来越流行”。此固定结构“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more + 原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”意为“越来越……”。例如:
Our city is more and more beautiful. 我们的城市越来越美丽了。
More and more countries begin to save the financial crisis.越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。
◆考点17 That’s up to you to decide.
(1)be up to意为“取决于”。例如:
How Greece fared would be up to the Greeks.希腊的局势如何发展将取决于希腊人自己。
Whether go or not will be up to you.走不走由你决定。
(2)be up to意为“上升到”。例如:
If you applied the same measures to legacy fighters,the cost would be up to$ 3 trillion.
如果你对传统战斗机采用相同的标准,其成本可能上升到3万亿美元。
◆考点18 It has the worst service.
the worst service意为“最差的服务”。形容词最高级前一般要加冠词the,意为“最……”。例如:
This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。
He is the tallest in the class.他在他们班最高。
【拓展】
(1)the+序数词+最高级(形容词)+可数名词单数,表示“第几大、长等……”。例如:
I think the computer is the first most useful tool of all.
我想电脑是最有用的工具。
(2)形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不再加the。例如:
Wu Fen is my best friend. 吴芬是我最要好的朋友。
(3)most前加定冠词the表示最高级,加不定冠词a表示“非常”。例如:
She is a most beautiful girl. 她是一个非常美丽的女孩。
语法点
◆ 一般过去时☆☆☆
概念
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
基本用法
用法 示例
表示过去发生的动作或状态 My family had a picnic in the park last weekend.
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态 When she was young, she usually went to the library to read books.
表示过去的情况或状态 There was a small pound in the school before.
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,表示过去将来的动作。 He told me that he wouldn't go back until his mother promised.
时间状语:
1. yesterday, the day before yesterday 2. 时间段+ago: three years ago, long ago…
3. last: last day/ week/ year… 4. in +过去年份: in 2015…
5. just now 刚才 6.in the past在过去
句子结构
Be 动词的一般过去时
在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be 动词 am is 的过去式为was,are 的过去式为 were,was 是表示单数,were 是表示复数。
肯定句 主语+be(was,were)其它 He was on the chair just now.
否定句 主语+be(was,were)+not其它 He wasn’t on the chair just now.
一般疑问句 Be(was,were)主语+其它 Was he on the chair just now
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be(was/were)主语+其他? Where was he just now
实义动词
义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词 did.
肯定句 主语+动词(过去式)+其它 She worked at a radio station.
否定句 主语+didn't+动词(原形)+其它(did not=didn't) She didn’t work at a radio station.
一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它 Did she work in a radio station
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词(原形)+其它 Where did she work
过去式变形
(一)规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→played;
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后, 再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;
(二)不规则动词的过去式
1.改变动词中的元音;
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got
2.变词尾的–d 为–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3.与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4.变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5.采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6.其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
◆精题巧练
1.(2022·江苏南通·中考真题)—Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time.
—Yes. I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday.
A.worked B.am working C.have worked D.work
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——胡小姐,我好久没见到你了。——是的。我在上海做了一个月的志愿护士。我昨天回来的。
考查一般过去时。根据“I came back yesterday.”可知,昨天回来了,所以做志愿护士的动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,故选A。
2.(2022·湖北黄石·中考真题)David has worked here for 10 years since he ________ from university.
A.graduates B.graduated C.has graduated D.will graduate
【答案】B
【解析】句意:大卫大学毕业后在这里工作了10年。考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,毕业的动作已经发生过,故选B。
3.(2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题)— Who locked the door yesterday
— ________.
A.I do B.I will C.I did D.I can
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——昨天谁锁门了?——我锁了。考查一般过去时。I do我做的/我愿意,用于一般现在时;I will我会的,用于一般将来时;I did我做的,用于一般过去时;I can我可以,用于一般现在时。根据问句“Who locked the door yesterday ”可知询问的是过去的事情,因此回答也应用一般过去时。故选C。
4.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)—You look tired. I wonder ________ last night.
—I didn’t go to bed until eleven for preparing a report.
A.when you go to bed B.when you went to bed C.when did you go to bed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你看起来很疲惫。我想知道你昨晚什么时候睡觉的。——为了准备一份报告,我直到11点才去睡觉。考查宾语从句。分析成分可知,空格处到句末为宾语从句,应用陈述句语序,排除C;根据“last night”可知,此宾语从句应用一般过去时。故选B。
5.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)It only takes us two hours to go from Jishou to Changsha by train when Zhang-Ji-Huai high-speed railway ________ in December last year.
A.opens B.opened C.will open
【答案】B
【解析】句意:去年12月张吉怀高铁开通,从吉首坐火车到长沙只需要两个小时考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last year” 可知句子时态用一般过去时,open的过去式时opened。故选B。
6.(2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)Jessica ________ every night before her Chinese test and got good results.
A.studies B.studied C.has studied D.will study
【答案】B
【解析】句意:杰西卡在语文考试前每天晚上都学习,并取得了好成绩。
考查动词时态。根据and以及got可知,空处与got是并列关系,所以空处填动词过去式,故选B。
7.(2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题)— Which teacher will you miss the most after graduation
— Mrs. Chen. She encouraged me a lot when I ________ the English exam.
A.fail B.was failing C.failed D.have failed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——毕业后你最想念哪位老师?——陈老师。当我英语考试不及格时,她给了我很多鼓励。
考查动词时态。根据“She encouraged me a lot when I … the English exam.”可知,主句和从句的动作先后发生,主句和从句都用一般过去时,动词为过去式。故选C。
8.(2023·安徽·统考中考真题)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.
A.introduce B.introduced C.are introduced D.were introduced
【答案】D
【解析】句意:自从计算机被引入学校以来,它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。
考查时态和语态。since引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主语“they”指代“Computers”,与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态(were done)。故选D。
9.(2023·江西·统考中考真题)Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A.gives B.has given C.gave D.was given
【答案】D
【详解】句意:后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药,然后逄蒙想偷走它。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系,又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was,故选D。
◆ 频率副词☆
频率副词知识点
频率副词概念
表示行为动作发生频率或者次数的词, 被称为频度副词, 也称之为时间副词。 如 : always, usually, often, sometimes, once, twice, seldom 等。
频度副词的位置
1.在be动词之后。
如:She is sometimes very busy.她有时很忙。
2.在第一个动词或情态动词之后。
如:I will never forget the first time I met you.我将永远忘不了和你的第一次见面。
3.在实义动词之前。
如:We often go there.我们常去那儿。
4. sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末。
如:Sometimes she writes to me.她有时候给我写信。
She writes letters often.她经常给我写信。
三、用法
1. often,always, usually等通常和一般现在时连用,表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。
如:It often rains here in April.这儿四月份常下雨。
2. always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。
如:He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。(赞叹)
She is always asking silly questions.她老是问些愚蠢的问题。(厌烦)
3.对这些频度副词提问时,用how often。
如:I write to my brother sometimes.我有时给我弟弟写信。
How often do you write to your brother 你多久给你弟弟写信一次?
四、频度副词的意义:
1、always意为“总是”,“一直”,它所表示的频度最高,相当于 all the time。
如:Tom is always late for school.汤姆上学总迟到。
2、usually意为“通常”,在一般情况下做某事很少有例外的意思,倾向于一种习惯。
如:We usually go shopping on Sundays.我们周日通常去购物。
3、often意为“经常”,它表示的频度不及usually,用来表示动作重复,中间有间断。
如:We often have supper at home.我们经常在家吃晚饭。
4、sometimes 意为“有时”,它所表示的频度在以上这几个词中最低,它可以放在句子中间,也可以放在句首或句末。如:She sometimes walks along the river.她有时候沿着河边散步。
5、seldom意为“很少”,这个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生。如:
He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。
6、hardly ever 意为“几乎不”
如:She hardly ever watches TV.她几乎不怎么看电视。
7、never所表示频度最低,它所表示的是否定意义,意为“根本不,从未”。
如:He has never been to Beijing.他从未去过北京。
【拓展】其他表示频率的单词或词组
1. 表示某事发生的次数:
once(一次)、twice(两次),三次及三次以上都用具体数词加times,如three times(三次)、ten times(十次)。
如果某事经常发生,可用“a”加一个表示时间段的词,表示此事在一段时间内发生的次数。
Joey and I meet twice a week.
2. 表示某事每隔一段时间发生:
every day(每天)、every week(每周)、every month(每月)every other day(每隔一天)、every other week(每隔一周)、every other year(每隔一年)……
确定频率副词
当我们有确定数字的频率时,如两周一次、每天,这类频率副词描述的频率是确定的。常见的确定频率副词有以下几种构成方法:
◆精题巧练
1.(2022·吉林·长春市二道区教师进修学校八年级期末)Tony dislikes onions, so he ________ eats them.
A.usually B.often C.sometimes D.hardly ever
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Tony不喜欢洋葱,所以他几乎不吃它们。考查频度副词辨析。usually通常;often经常;sometimes有时;hardly ever几乎不。根据“Tony dislikes onions”可知应是他不喜欢吃洋葱,故选D。
2.(2022·河北·石家庄市栾城区教育局教研室八年级期末)—Why do people in foreign countries ________ use umbrellas in the sun
—Because they enjoy the sunshine.
A.sometimes B.hardly C.usually D.often
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——为什么外国人几乎不在阳光下使用雨伞?——因为他们更愿意享受阳光。
考查副词辨析。sometimes有时;hardly几乎不;usually通常;often经常。根据“Because they enjoy the sunshine.”可知,他们很享受阳光,所以问的是外国人为什么在阳光下不打伞,空格处要填表否定概念的副词,hardly符合。故选B。
3.(2021·河北·蠡县教师发展中心八年级期末)—Ms. Yang is very popular among the students.
—Yes. Her classes are ________ lively.
A.always B.sometimes C.hardly D.every
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——杨老师在学生中很受欢迎。——是的。她的课堂总是很有活力。考查副词辨析。always总是;sometimes有时;hardly几乎不;every每个。根据“Ms. Yang is very popular among the students.”可知,杨老师很受学生欢迎,由此可知她的课堂“总是”很有活力。故选A。
4.(2022·河北·石家庄市栾城区教育局教研室八年级期末)Michael is afraid of heights, so he _________ takes trips by plane.
A.hardly ever B.always C.often D.sometimes
【答案】A
【解析】句意:迈克尔恐高,所以他几乎不乘飞机旅行。考查频度副词辨析。hardly ever几乎不;always总是;often经常;sometimes有时。根据“Michael is afraid of heights(高度)”和“by plane”可知,因为迈克尔恐高,所以他几乎不乘飞机旅行。故选A。
5.(2022·天津西青·八年级期末)It rained _________. People could _________ go out.
A.hardly;hardly B.hard;hardly C.hardly;hard D.hard, hard
【答案】B
【解析】句意:雨下得很大。人们几乎不能出去。考查副词。hard猛烈地;hardly几乎不,根据“rained”可知,用副词hard修饰,表“雨下得大”,排除A和C,由“raind hard”可知,此处指人们几乎不出去,用hardly,排除D,故选B。
◆ 比较级和最高级☆☆☆
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
Part 1: 比较级
定义:两者进行比较,前者比后者在某方面更怎么样,注意比较的是同一方面。
比较级的用法
1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“... 比较级 + than ...”。
如:Actions speak louder than words.
2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ... ”。如:Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one
3. 表示“两者之间最……的一个”时,用“the + 比较级”。
如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4. 表示“越……,越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。
如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。
如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.
修饰语
Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a bit(有点),a little(有点),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度。
Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点。
It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷。
形容词或者副词比较级的转换规则:
规则变化:
1)一般在词尾直接加er tall-taller
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r nice-nicer
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er heavy-heavier
4)重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er big-bigger
5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级 beautiful-more beautiful
不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old older oldest
elder eldest
Part 2: 最高级
定义:当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,需要用到形容词/副词的最高级。
最高级的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in/of短语来表示范围。如:He is the strongest of all the boys.
2. 表示“最……之一”时,用“one of + the + 最高级”。
如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is the +形容词最高级,A, B or C ”或“Which/Who+动词+副词最高级”结构。
如:Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai, or Fuzhou
修饰语
By far/ far and away 最,很 much ……得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎另外,second, third, next 等序数词也要放在定冠词之后。
如:The Yellow River is the second longest in China. 黄河是中国的第二大河。
This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。
四.形容词或者副词最高级的转换规则:
规则变化:
1)一般在词尾直接加est tall-taller-tallest
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加st nice-nicer-nicest
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加est heavy-heavier-heaviest
4)重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加est big-bigger-biggest
5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成most构成最高级 beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old older oldest
elder eldest
补充点:
用比较级表达最高级的用法:
1. A + be/do+比较级+than + any other+单数名词。如:
Mount Everest is the highest in the world.
= Mount Everest is taller than any other mountain in the world.
2.A + be/do+比较级+than + other+复数名词。如:
Mount Everest is the highest in the world.
=Mount is taller than other mountains.
Part 3: 原级句型
as... as:……和……相同。即:A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B,表示A和B两者比较,程度相同,“……和……相同”。例如:
My uncle is as tall as your father. 我叔叔和你父亲一样高。
My dog is as old as that one. 我的狗与那个狗一样大。
A+not+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B 表示A,B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”。例如:
My uncle is not as tall as your father. 我叔叔不如你父亲高。
Tom is not as honest as John. 汤姆不如约翰诚实。
He can’t run as /so fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
3.具体数字(如倍数)+as… as …是……的……倍
The city is two times as big as my hometown.
◆精题巧练
1.(2023·四川成都·统考中考真题)The book of Songs is the ________ collection of poems in China and the beginning of China’s poetry tradition.
A.early B.earlier C.earliest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:《诗经》是中国最早的诗集,也是中国诗歌传统的开端。
考查形容词最高级。根据“The book of Songs is the...collection of poems in China”可知,此前有定冠词the修饰,比较的范围不止两者,所以用形容词最高级。故选C。
2.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Mind health is as ________ as body health.
A.important B.more important C.the most important
【答案】A
【详解】句意:心理健康和身体健康一样重要。
考查形容词原级。as...as中间加形容词或副词原级,故选A。
(2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much ________.
A.good B.well C.better D.best
【答案】C
【详解】句意:慢煮似乎能更好地保持肉的味道。
考查比较级。根据空前“much”可知,much是修饰比较级的词,此处应用比较级形式,故选C。
(2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)Xu Mengtao is one of the ________ players in China.
A.famous B.more famous C.most famous
【答案】C
【详解】句意:徐梦桃是中国最著名的运动员之一。
考查形容词最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“最……之一”,故选C。
(2023·天津·统考中考真题)Sam did ________ in his studies this year than last year.
A.well B.better C.best D.the best
【答案】B
【详解】句意:山姆今年的学习成绩比去年好。考查副词比较级。根据“than”可知,此处需用比较级,可排除ACD选项。故选B。
6.(2023·江西·统考中考真题)—As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes. He is ________ person I know.
A.funnier B.the funniest C.more serious D.the most serious
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——据我所知,你的朋友杰夫很幽默。——是的。他是我认识的最有趣的人。
考查形容词最高级。funnier更有趣的; the funniest最有趣的;more serious更严肃的;the most serious最严肃的。根据“your friend Jeff is very humorous”和“Yes.”可知,应是觉得他很有趣,结合“I know”可知,是和认识的所有人中作比较,所以用最高级,故选B。
7.(2023·云南·统考中考真题)China is one of ________ countries in the world. We are all proud of it.
A.older B.the older C.oldest D.the oldest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。我们都为此感到骄傲。考查最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“……最……之一”,故选D。
8.(2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题)—Last month, thirteen Chinese scientists successfully reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is ________ mountain in the world.
—Wow! It’s really fantastic. I am so proud of them.
A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest
【答案】D
【详解】句意;——上个月,13名中国科学家成功登顶了世界上最高的珠穆朗玛峰。——哇!真是太棒了。我为他们感到骄傲。考查形容词最高级。根据“the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is … mountain in the world.”可知,珠穆朗玛峰是最高的山峰,空格处为形容词最高级the highest。故选D。
9.(2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题)—Doctor, 168 yuan for pulling a tooth It’s only a few minutes’ work.
—Well. I can do it ________ if you like.
A.more quietly B.more slowly C.less carefully
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——医生,拔一颗牙168元?只需几分钟的工作。——好。如果你愿意,我可以拔得慢一点。
考查副词辨析。more quietly更安静地;more slowly更慢地; less carefully不那么小心地。根据“Doctor, 168 yuan for pulling a tooth It’s only a few minutes’ work.”可知,对方觉得拔牙很快却需要168元,此处指医生觉得对方愿意的话,也可以拔地慢一点。故选B。