第一学时 Reading and Comprehension
Dragon，a symbol of Chinese nation
There is no doubt that art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.And it's not amazing that people can see modern paintings，sculptures and designings in public places in our daily life. It's said that in ancient China emperors showed great respect for dragons and they regarded themselves as dragons, yellow powerful animals，which was a symbol of the Chinese nation.
That's why most of the royal buildings like the Forbidden city, have yellow roofs.Even more amazing the emperors，the sons of Heaven had dragons carved on the stones of these grand buildings.
Task 1
仔细阅读课文“A Short History of Western Painting”， 根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．At first most people hated the Impressionists' style of painting, because ________．
A．their paintings were very abstract
B．their paintings were very realistic
C．they broke away from the traditional style of painting
D．their paintings were very ridiculous
答案：C
2．In the Renaissance, painters ________.
A．painted religious scenes in a more realistic style
B．focused more on religion than on humans
C．began to paint outdoors
D．returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art
答案：D
3．________ discovered how to make paintings look more real by using perspective.
A．Giotto di Bondone B．Masaccio
C．Claude Monet D．Pablo Picasso
答案：B
4．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．How religious paintings developed.
B．How oil paintings developed.
C．How Impressionists' paintings developed.
D．How Western art developed.
答案：D
Task 2
再次阅读“A Short History of Western Painting”，完成下列表格。
答案：1．aim 2.typical 3.adopted 4.perspective 5.coincidence
6．Impressionism 7.outdoors 8.shadow 9.abstract
10．On the other hand
Task 3
根据课文“A Short History Of Western Painting”，在下面空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
Art 1.__________(influence) by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. During the Middle Ages，the mains aim of 2.__________ (paint) was to represent religious themes. A 3.__________ (convention) artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. 4.__________ typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols. However，during the Renaissance，new ideas and values gradually 5.__________ (replace) those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on 6.__________ (religion) themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things 7.__________ perspective. As Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one in the late 19th century，these changes led 8.__________ new painting styles. The Impressionists were 9.________ first painters to work outdoors. There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist. No one can predict10.__________ painting styles there will be in the future.
答案：1．is influenced 2.painters 3.conventional 4.A
5．replaced 6.religious 7.in 8.to 9.the 10.what
课件11张PPT。Unit 1 Art
第一学时 Reading and Comprehension课文助手一、请对照课文“A Short History of Western Painting”的译文助读自主勘误
译文助读
西方绘画艺术简史
艺术是受人民的生活习俗和信仰影响的。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能对它们进行全面的描述。因此，本文只谈及6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。中世纪(5世纪到15世纪)
在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。这个时期的传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这个时期典型的绘画充满了宗教特征，表现出了对上帝的敬重和爱戴。但是，很显然在13世纪时，那些观念发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及他们的活动和成就。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。这一手法是1428年马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不会看到很多这一时代著名的杰作。印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。这时期有许多发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中在不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画。因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，许多人都不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。现代艺术(20世纪至今)
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而且成为现在我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一幅幅照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格？二、课文精选段落背诵(请注意介词的使用)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.第三学时 Using Language
Reading，listening and speaking
阅读“The best of Manhattan's Art Galleries”，然后根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．The passage may probably come from ________．
A．a newspaper B．a magazine
C．a guidebook D．a textbook
答案：C
2．You must walk all the way instead of taking a lift if you visit ________．
A．Metropolitan Museum of Art
B．Whitney Museum of American Art
C．Museum of Modern Art
D．Guggenheim Museum
答案：D
3．You can expect to see videos in ________．
A．Metropolitan Museum of Art
B．Museum of Modern Art
C．The Frick Collection
D．Whitney Museum of American Art
答案：D
4．If you want to know how people lived 5，000 years ago, you should visit ________．
A．Metropolitan Museum of Art
B．Whitney Museum of American Art
C．Museum of Modern Art
D．Guggenheim Museum
答案：A
Part A Reading Aloud
模仿朗读下面一段话，并注意语音语调。
This museum owns 5，000 superb modern paintings，?sculptures?and drawings.?These art works are not⌒all displayed/at the same time. The exhibition is always changing.?It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk⌒into the gallery, you feel as⌒if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings/is to start from the top floor/and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs，/just⌒a circular path.?The museum also has an excellent restaurant.?
Part B Role Play
情景介绍：Jane和Smith谈论参观曼哈顿的几大艺术画廊。
角色：Jane和Smith
任务：(1)请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2)请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1：你知道弗里克收藏馆的位置吗？在那里你能看到些什么？
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q1：Do you know where The Frick Collection is and what you can see there?
A1：The Frick Collection is a famous art gallery in New York.You can see an excellent collection of pre-twentieth century Western paintings and explore Frick's beautiful house as well.
Q2：大都会艺术博物馆珍藏着美国最好的艺术品，对吗？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q2: Metropolitan Museum of Art is the greatest collection of art in the United States，isn't it?
A2：Yes，it is.
Q3：大都会艺术博物馆陈列什么艺术品？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q3：What does Metropolitan Museum of Art display?
A3：The museum introduces you the ancient ways of living.
Q4：哪个艺术馆珍藏了从19世纪末到21世纪的伟大艺术作品？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q4：Where can we find great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century?
A4：In Museum of Modern Art.
Q5：你认为惠特尼美国艺术博物馆有什么独特之处？为什么？
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q5：What do you think is special about Whitney Museum of American Art? Why?
A5：The Whitney Museum of American Art holds an excellent collection of contemporary American paintings and sculpture and it is special for the displays in the museum and exhibitions change all the time.
Part C Retelling
请用自己的话复述课文，你可以参照上述问题及其答案。
关键词：gallery，paintings，collection，art，display
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The Frick Collection is a famous small gallery in New York where you can see an excellent collection of pre-twentieth century Western paintings and explore Frick's beautiful house.While Metropolitan Museum of Art，the greatest collection of art in the United States，covers more than 5，000 years of civilization from many parts of the world，it displays not only art，but also introduces you the ancient ways of living or other special exhibitions.Besides, you can find great works of art from the late 19th to 21st century in Museum of Modern Art，whose admission is not cheap.And The Whitney Museum of American Art holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture and it is special for the displays in the museum and exhibitions change all the time.
1．Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings.(p.6)
弗里克偏爱20世纪前期的西方作品。
?词语链接
preference n．喜爱，偏爱，爱好
give a preference to sb./sth.给某人/某物以优惠
have a preference for sb./sth.喜爱某人/某物
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)The sports you take part in will depend on____________(个人爱好)．
(2)We will ________________ (给毕业生优惠) of our own university.
(3)My brother ________________(偏爱物理)．
答案：(1)personal preference (2)give a preference to graduates (3)has a preference for physics
2．You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.(p.6)
你也可以考察弗里克漂亮的公寓和花园，它们也是很值得一看的。
?词语链接
worth adj.值；相等于……的价格
be worth doing 值得做
be worth ＋ n．值……
The novel is so exciting that it is worth reading a second time.
这本小说非常精彩，很值得再读一次。
The capital city Beijing is well worth a visit.
首都北京很值得一看。
The diamond necklace is not worth one million pounds.
这钻石项链不值一百万英镑。
词语辨析：be worth；be worthy
be worth与be worthy都可以用来表示“……值得做”， 但是两者使用时有区别。前者后面跟动名词或者名词， 尤其指某个具体的价格， 表示“值多少钱”； 后者要跟动名词的被动形式或者不定式的被动语态， 也可以跟一个名词，即构成be worthy of being done，be worthy to be done和 be worthy of a．..三个搭配。
?即学即练
请改写句子。
Beijing, a historical city, is worth visiting.
(1)____________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________
(3)____________________________________________________
(4)____________________________________________________
答案：(1)Beijing，a historical city，is worth a visit.
(2)Beijing，a historical city，is worthy of being visited.
(3)Beijing，a historical city，is worthy to be visited.
(4)Beijing，a historical city，is worthy of a visit.
3．It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.(p.6)
这对那些喜欢印象派画家以及后印象派画家作品的人很有吸引力。
?词语链接
appeal n．呼吁；恳求
v．有感染力；将……上诉；求助
appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁/吸引某人做某事
appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)The company is __________(上诉反对) the ruling(判决)．
(2)Organizers ________(呼吁)the crowd ________(参加) the parade (游行)．
(3)The Beatles have never really lost their ______(吸引力)．
(4)This design ______________(受到多数年轻人的喜爱)．
答案：(1)appealing against (2)appeal to; to join in
(3)appeal (4)appeals to most young people
4．This covers more than 5，000 years of civilization from many parts of the world.(p.6)
它的艺术品收藏涵盖了5 000多年来世界上众多国家的文明史。
?词语链接
cover vt.遮着，覆盖；足够，足数；走(一段路程)；
包括，包罗，适用于
be covered with 被……覆盖
?思维拓展
观察下列各句中cover的意思。
(1)We had to cover the broken table with a piece of cloth.
我们只好用一块布盖住破烂的桌子。
(2) It covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers.
它占地一百六十万平方公里。
(3)By sunset，we had already_covered more than thirty miles.
太阳落山时，我们已走了三十多英里。
(4)100 dollars can_not_cover all our expenses.
一百美元支付不了我们所有的开销。
(5)What he talked in his lecture didn't cover the subject fully.
他的讲座并没有涵盖该学科所有的问题。
一、单词拼写
1．It is difficult to find him. He doesn't have a ________ (固定的) address.
2．Xu Beihong has a great influence on ________ (当代的) Chinese painting.
3．The history student hoped to compare the ________ (文明) of ancient China and Egypt.
4．His approach had won him a ________(名声) as a tough manager.
5．Many elderly people expressed a strong ________ (偏爱) to live in their own homes.
答案：1．permanent 2.contemporary 3.civilization 4.reputation
5．preference
二、完成下列句子
1．奇怪的是，这个男孩竟然喜欢红色。
Strangely，the boy __________________ red.
2．周末时，我们会给顾客优惠。
At weekends，customers __________________．
3．这个问题值得我们讨论。
This problem ____________________________．
4．我很想到大学深造。
I __________________________ in the university.
5．我当时觉得自己好像在梦中一样。
I ____________ I was dreaming at the time.
6．昨晚下了一场大雪，现在地面被雪覆盖了。
It snowed heavily last night，and as a result，the ground ________________．
7．我们呼吁公众要尽力保护水资源。
We____________the public that we should do our best to protect water resources.
答案：1．has a preference for 2.will be given a preference
3．is worth discussing/is worthy of being discussed/is worth a discussion 4.feel like having a further study 5.felt like 6.is covered with snow 7.appeal to
三、运用所学的语言基础知识，完成下列短文
The famous architects designed their buildings like dreams, 1.________ (充满) fantastic colours and shapes. The Opera House in Sydney 2.____________ (使人们想起) seashells. The 2008 Olympic Stadium in Beijing 3.________ (看起来像) a bird's nest made of tree branches. These buildings 4.________ (使相信) people that if architects had not had special mind about the art, we would not have the chance to enjoy the beauty of art works. They seem so touching that I would rather visit them 5.________ (本人，亲自) now. I dream some day I can design a building that would 6.____________ (引起注意) people all over the world.
答案：1．full of 2.reminds people of 3.looks like 4.convince 5.in the flesh 6.draw the attention of
第二学时 Learning about Language
一、回忆课文，写出下列短语
1．巧合地______________
2．大量______________
3．一方面……另一方面……______________
4．全神贯注______________
5．脱离，摆脱______________
答案：1．by coincidence 2.a great deal
3．on the one hand...on the other hand...
4．concentrate on
5．break away from
二、回忆课文，完成句子
1．但是，很显然在13世纪时，那些观念发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
But __________________ ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
2．他们出价聘请著名的艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及他们的活动和成就。
They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves，their houses and possessions____________their activities and achievements.
3．在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
________________ who broke away from the traditional style of painting __________the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
4.印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。
The Impressionists were________________________________________________________________________.
5.在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of________________________________________________________________________.
答案：1．it was evident that 2.as well as
3．Among the painters；were
4．the first painters to work outdoors
5．what we call “modern art”
1．On the one hand, some modern art is abstract...(p.3)
?词语链接
abstract adj.抽象的
n．摘要，文摘，抽象 vt.摘要，提炼
abstractly adv.抽象地；难理解地
abstractness n. 抽象
abstracted adj.分心地；心不在焉地
abstract thinking 抽象思维
abstract science 理论科学
abstract noun 抽象名词
abstract mathematics 理论数学
in the abstract 理论上
abstract concept 抽象概念
?即学即练
选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)Truth is______________(抽象名词)．
(2)I'd like to see a show of______________(抽象画)．
(3)Can you make ____________(这个抽象的想法) more clear?
(4)Your theory sounds reasonable ______________(理论上)．However, we don't think it's practical.
答案：(1)an abstract noun (2)abstract paintings
(3)the abstract ideas (4)in the abstract
2．Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? (p.1)
你有没有希望过和专业艺术家画得一样好呢？
?词语链接
wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
wish to do sth.希望做某事
wish sb.sth.祝愿某人……
How I wish that 希望……(从句要用虚拟语气)
?即学即练
A．完成下列句子。
(1)I do not wish __________________(一个人过星期天)．
(2)I wish you ______________(事事顺利) in the future.
(3)I wish today ______________(是我的生日)．
(4)He wishes that he______________(买得起)a new car.
答案：A.(1)to be alone on Sundays (2)every success
(3)were my birthday (4)could afford
词语辨析： wish；hope
wish与hope都可以跟不定式，但wish to do sth.比较正式，口气也比较强烈，而hope to do sth.所表达的愿望是最容易实现的。wish之后则跟含有不定式的复合宾语(wish sb.to do sth.)，而hope不能。hope之后的宾语从句， 谓语用陈述语气的一般将来时或一般现在时，表达可以实现的愿望；wish之后的宾语从句的谓语动词则只能用虚拟语气，表达无法实现的愿望或对他人美好的祝愿。wish可跟双宾语，而hope不能。如：
I wish you good luck! 祝你好运！
She wished to study abroad after she graduated from middle school.
她希望中学毕业后可以去国外学习。
I hope to find you in better health when we meet again.
我希望我们重逢时，你的身体状况会更好。
I wish I had not gone out; I do not like this kind of weather.
真希望我没有外出，我不喜欢这种天气。
I hope all of my students will make a difference for themselves in the coming year.
我希望我所有的学生在新的一年里取得重大进步。
?即学即练
B．用wish, hope填空。
(1)Jane's parents ________ her to become an engineer in the near future.
(2)Jane's parents ________that she can become an engineer in the near future.
(3)Painters in the Middle Ages ________to paint religious scenes in a more realistic style.
(4)We ________ each other the best of luck.
(5)I wrote a letter to John ________ him a happy birthday.
(6)I had to send another e-mail to my manager，________she could forgive me for my fault.
答案：(1)wish (2)hope (3)wished/hoped
(4)wished (5)wishing (6)hoping
3．Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.(p.1)
艺术受到社会风俗及人们信仰的影响。
influence作及物动词或者名词，表示“影响，对……产生影响”。
?思维拓展
观察下列句中influence的用法。
(1)What the professor said at the meeting influenced_everyone_present．
教授在会上的发言影响到了每个与会者。(influence作动词)
(2)We can never ignore the influence of the climate on agricultural production.
我们不能忽视气候对农业生产的影响。(influence作名词)
词语辨析：influence；affect；effect
affect通常指有形的力量造成的物质或生理的影响，尤其是不良的影响。而influence通常指无形力量所造成的“潜移默化的”，或“持久的影响”，或“重要的影响”，尤指感情或态度上的影响。可以说influence sb.to do sth.，但不能说affect sb.to do sth.。effect只用作名词，不能在句中充当谓语。如：
The climate affected his health.
气候影响他的健康。(不能用influenced代替)
Children are easily influenced by their peers.
孩子很容易受同辈影响。
?即学即练
A．用influence，affect, effect填空。
(1)What parents do will ________their children and as a result, some children will try to imitate what his or her parents do.
(2)Staying awake is useless, which will ________ one's health day by day.
(3)The style of his paintings ________by his father, a famous artist in his hometown.
(4)What the reporter said in the meeting had a great____on the audience present.
(5)Playing computer games ________children's study and their life.
答案：A.(1)influence (2)affect (3)is influenced
(4)effect/influence (5)affects/influences
?词语链接
faith/belief n．信仰， 信心，相信， 信任
have faith in对……有信心
hold the belief that...坚信
lose faith in对……失去信心
?即学即练
B．完成下列句子。
(1)He acted in accordance with ______________(坚定的信念)．
(2)The public______________(对……失去信心) the present day government.
(3)I ______________(对你充满信心), and I know you'll do a good job.
(4)People________________(来自不同信仰)are welcome.
答案：B．(1)his strongly held faith (2)has lost faith in
(3)have great faith in you
(4)from different faiths/beliefs
4．Consequently，this text will describe only the most important ones，starting from the sixth century AD.(p.1)
因此，本文只谈从6世纪以来最重要的艺术风格。
?词语链接
consequence n. 后果， 结果
consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的
consequently adv.因此，结果
as a consequence(＝as a result) 结果；因此
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)They were poor, __________(因而) unable to meet their own engagements(偿还债务)．
(2)The rain was heavy，and ______________________(所以路被淹没了)．
(3)This decision could have ______________(严重的后果) for the future of the education.
(4)I missed the train.______________(结果), I was late for work.
答案：(1)consequently
(2)consequently the road was flooded
(3)serious consequences
(4)As a consequence/Consequently
5．During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.(p.2)
在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
?词语链接
aim n．目标
v．瞄准
aimless adj.漫无目的的
aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
achieve one's aim 达到目的
miss one's aim 打不中，达不到目的
aim to do sth.计划做某事，力求做某事
aim at 向……瞄准
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)我人生的目标是要当警察。
My ________ in life is to become a policeman.
(2)这个男孩用石块瞄准小鸟准备打去。
The boy ________ a stone ________ the bird.
(3)他计划明年进大学。
He ________ go to university next year.
答案：(1)aim (2)aimed；at (3)aims to
6．During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.(p.2)
在文艺复兴时期，新的想法和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪时期的想法和价值观。
?词语链接
value n．有价值，有作用，有用
v．看重，珍惜
valuables n．有价值的东西， 值钱的东西
valuable adj.有价值的， 珍贵的， 宝贵的
invaluable adj.极有用的，宝贵的，无价的
valueless adj.无价值的，一文不值的
be of value 有价值
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)You will find this map ________(非常有用) in helping you to get round London.
(2)She bought the jewel for less than_________(它的价值)．
(3)After she was set free, she ____________(珍惜自己的自由) very much.
(4)I shall always ____________(珍视你的友谊)．
(5)She keeps her jewels, money, and other ________(贵重物品) in the bank.
答案：(1)very valuable (2)its value (3)valued her freedom
(4)value your friendship (5)valuables
7．People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.(p.2)
人们对宗教的注意相对减少，用更人性的态度对待生活。
?词语链接
concentrate vi.& vt.(使)特别注意，集中注意力于
concentrate on 集中
concentrate one's attention on 集中精神于
?即学即练
A．完成下列句子。
(1)He is __________________(太累了无法集中精神) today.
(2)He found it hard __________________(把思想集中) on one thing for longer than five minutes.
答案：.A.(1)too tired to concentrate at all
(2)to concentrate his thoughts
?词语链接
adopt v．采取，采纳；领养，收养
adopted adj.领养的
adoption n．领养，采纳
?即学即练
B．完成下列句子。
(1)总经理再三考虑之后，决定采纳她的建议。
After much deliberation，the president decided to __________ her suggestion.
(2)克恩先生将那收养的孤儿视为亲生儿子。
Mr. Kern looked on the ________ orphan as his own son.
(3)经过讨论，议事日程获得通过。
The agenda ____________ after some discussion.
答案：B．(1)adopt (2)adopted (3)was adopted
8．They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.(p.2)
他们出价聘请著名的艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及他们的活动和成就。
possession作不可数名词时，表示“拥有，持有，占有权”(尤指贵重物品、信息等); 作可数名词时，表示“拥有的东西，所有物，财产”。
Does the possession of wealth really bring happiness?
拥有财富就会快乐吗？
Please move all your possessions out of my room.
请把你的东西通通搬出我的房间。
?词语链接
possess v．占有，拥有；具有
possession n．所有； 财产；拥有；占有
be in possession of sth.拥有某物
be in the possession of 某物为某人拥有
come into possession of 得到/继承某物
take possession of sth. 拿到；占领
to gain possession of sth. 获得，捕获，得到占有权
?即学即练
选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)He is ____________________(拥有那栋房子)．
(2)The house __________________(为他所有)．
(3)Having been cheated by that company, he lost all his ______________(财产)．
(4)On his father's death，he ______________ (继承)a vast fortune.
(5)After three days of fierce fight, we ______________(占领)the city.
答案：(1)in possession of the house
(2)is in his possession (3)possessions
(4)came into possession of (5)took possession of
9．When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.(p.2)
当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们都确信自己是透过墙上的一个洞在看一个真实的场景。
?词语链接
convinced adj.虔诚的
convince sb.＋ that-clause 使相信
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
be convinced of sth.相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)The man tried to ________________________(让法官相信他是无罪的)．
(2)He __________________(使我相信问题) he was faced with.
(3)We ____________________(说服了室友骑自行车去) rather than by bus.
(4)They __________(相信) of his honesty.
答案：(1)convince the judge that he was innocent
(2)convinced me of the problems
(3)convinced our roommates to go by bike
(4)were convinced
10．On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.(p.3)
一方面， 一些现代艺术画是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不想把物体画得跟我们亲眼看到的那样，而是利用色彩、线条、形状来集中表现物体的某些特性。
?词语链接
attempt sth.企图/试图(做某事)
attempt to do sth.企图/试图(做某事)
attempt doing sth.尝试做某事
in an attempt to do sth.企图/试图/尝试做某事(可数名词)
make no attempt to do sth.没有做某事的企图
make an attempt on sb.'s life 企图谋杀某人
?即学即练
选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)He __________________(尝试做一件几乎不可能的事情) and brought it off(取得了成功)．
(2)I __________________(曾经想继续学业) in the university，but I could not.
(3)She __________________(试着呼救) but (she) failed.
(4)They __________________(没有尝试逃跑)．
(5)Someone has __________________(企图谋杀总统)．
答案：(1)attempted the almost impossible
(2)attempted to go on with my study
(3)attempted shouting for help
(4)made no attempt at escaping (to escape)
(5)made an attempt on the President's life
11．Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？(p.3)
谁能预测将来会有什么绘画风格呢。
词语辨析：in the future；in future
in the future指在将来的某一时刻。
in future指从今以后的全部将来。
?即学即练
选用上述词语填空。
(1)I hope you will be more careful____________ about the things you say.
(2)____________，travelling abroad will be easier.
答案：(1)in future (2)In the future
12．a great deal＝much；a lot
(1)用作名词，表示“许多，大量”。
I have learnt a great deal from my visit here.
在这里参观我学到了很多。
(2)用作副词，表示“非常……得多”。
I was a great deal surprised.
我非常惊讶。
He ran a great deal faster than I.
他跑得比我快得多。
13．长难句结构分析
如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。
这是一个复合句。If引导条件状语从句，后半部分是主句。全句用了虚拟语气，因为从句是对过去发生的事情的假设，所以要特别关注从句和主句的动词形式。
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
这是一个复合句。主句Among the painters were the Impressionists是倒装句，who broke away from the traditional style of painting是定语从句，修饰painters；who lived and worked in Paris是定语从句，修饰Impressionists。
?即学即练
模仿造句，并分析句子成分。
(1)假如你提前准备好了你的发言，你会成功得到这份工作。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)在上海参加会议的科学家们，有两位世界闻名的来自加拿大的(著名)物理学家。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)
.)
(2) .,)
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We found him ________ (faith) to his friend.
2．This is a ________(typically) American response.
3．Nobody believed his ________(predict) then but later it turned out to be true.
4．These are the characteristics of modern ____________(civilize)．
5．The woman felt that her life was ________ (aim) after her children left home.
答案：1．faithful 2.typical 3.prediction 4.civilization 5.aimless
二、词语活用
1．用adopt完成下列小段落。
The old man (1)________ three children.Now his (2)________ son is a famous singer.His two (3)________ daughters have entered a famous university.The three said they thanked the old man for (4)________ them and his (5)________ made a great difference to their life.
答案：(1)has adopted (2)adopted (3)adopted
(4)adopting (5)adoption
2．用take possession of，in one's possession完成下列小段落。
He (1) ____________________ (夺去了大量珠宝)from Mr. White，so (2) ____________________ (他拥有了很多财富)．However，he later found (3) ____________ (拥有财富) didn't bring happiness.So he sold (4) ____________ (所有的财富) and went to the country to live a simple life.
答案：(1)took possession of a lot of jewels
(2)he had possession of a lot of wealth
(3)the possession of wealth
(4)all his possessions
3．用convincing, convinced, be convinced that, convince sb.to do sth., convince sb.of sth.等词语自编一个小段落。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Cathy used to laugh at her husband, Tony, a convinced Christian.Later, Tony tried every means to convince Cathy that it was God that determined everything.He also convinced her to believe in God.That is, he convinced her of the power of the God.In the end, Cathy was completely convinced that what Tony said was convincing.
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Art ________(influence) by the customs and faith of a people.
2．This book focuses on the ancient history of China, ________(start) from 2000 B．C.
3．When I first met him, I ________(convince) that he was the person right for this work.
4．Millions of people ________ (throw) out of work due to the global economic depression.
5．At the time they ________(create), the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they ________(accept) as the beginning of what call “modern art”．
6．His father died in 1915, ________(leave) him three famous paintings and a collection of coins.
7．He said he ________(value) your friendship very much.
8．The museum covers more than 5，000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, ________(include) France and America.
答案：1．is influenced 2.starting 3.was convinced
4．have been thrown
5．were created；are accepted 6.leaving 7.valued
8．including
四、运用括号内的词组， 将下列句子译成英语
1. 由于巧合， 类似货物也正在本地市场出现。( by coincidence)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：By coincidence, similar goods are offering in this market.
2. 锻炼身体对增进健康大有益处。(a great deal)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Exercising the body does a great deal to improve one's health.
3. 一方面我羡慕他的才华， 而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。(on the one hand...on the other hand)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgment.
4. 前几天我在展览会上看见了她。(on exhibition)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is previous I have seen her on exhibition several days before.
5．你必须革除这样的坏习惯。(break away from)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：You must break away from such bad habits.
第五学时 Writing
文学与艺术——艺术
【写作素材】
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
1．国画，中国文化的一朵奇葩，以其独特的神韵(spirit)和风格(style)而著称。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Chinese painting, a precious flower of Chinese culture, is distinguished by its own spirit and style.
2．如同中国诗歌不同于西方诗歌，国画也不同于西方绘画。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is as different from Western painting as Chinese poetry is different from Western poetry.
3．传统的国画采用和书法(calligraphy)相同的技法，使用毛笔和墨水，不使用油墨。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Traditional Chinese painting adopts the same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink；oils are not used.
4．一方面，有些画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质；另一方面，有的画作又那么真实。
_______________________________________________________________________
答案：On the one hand，some painters do not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrate on certain qualities of the object.On the other hand，some paintings are so realistic.
【连句成篇】
可选用the same...as，on the one hand...on the other hand等将以上句子连成一篇短文。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Chinese painting，a precious flower of Chinese culture，is distinguished by its own spirit and style.It is as different from Western painting as Chinese poetry is different from Western poetry.Traditional Chinese painting adopts the same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink；oils are not used.On the one hand，some painters do not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrate on certain qualities of the object.On the other hand，some paintings are so realistic.
【短文改错】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The reputation of this museum is lies in the variety of it art collection. This covers more than 5，000 years of civilization from many part of the world, included America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. A museum displays more than just the visual delighting of art. It introduce you ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house but many other specially exhibitions.
答案：The reputation of this museum is lies in the variety of art collection.This covers more than 5，000 years of civilization from many of the world, America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. museum displays more than just the visual of art.It you ∧,to) ancient ways of living.You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house many other exhibitions.
如何写建议信
?技巧点拨
一般而言，建议信属于半开放性作文，大多要求我们根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理建议。写作时要注意：
1．建议信的语言。
(1)建议信就是在你所写的信中发表你的建议与看法。建议信除要遵循书信的格式之外，还要求在信中针对别人的问题，给出你的观点及解决办法。因此，陈述建议的语言必须中肯，在劝说对方接受自己的建议时，应该特别注意措辞。
(2)陈述建议必须具有说服性。在向对方表明你的建议时，如果对方觉得你的建议是违背常理的，那么你的建议也就失去了意义。所以，要想提出好建议，必须具有充分的理由，展示出自己独特的见解。
(3)此外，要“设身处地”，可适当运用虚拟句“if I were you...”表述自己的建议。
2．建议信的结构。
建议信一般采取“三段式结构”，通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin with，then，later等依次陈述建议。
(1)首段：表明写作意图，陈述事由，简单介绍自己的观点，注意语气。
(2)主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。
(3)结尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，要注意表达方式，使对方容易接受。
?常用表达
建议信的开头
I am writing to express my views concerning...
You have asked me for my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.
Thanks for trusting me. Regarding....I'd like to make some suggestions.
表达建议
I feel that it would be beneficial if...
I would like to suggest that...
I would recommend that...
If I were you, I would...
You may consider doing...
It would seem to me that you could...
As you may agree that...
As far as I am concerned.../In my opinion.../As for me...
建议信的结尾
I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/
recommendations practical/useful/helpful.
I would be ready to discuss this matter in further details.
I will be more than happy to see improvements in this matter.
Should you have any problems, please feel free to contact me at any time.
I'm willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need.
假设你是李华，你的好朋友王平给你写信咨询应如何正确读书，请结合你的读书经验给他写一封信。内容包括以下要点：
1．所读书籍难度要适中，偏难、偏易均不宜。若发现一本书太难，不妨先放在一边，换一本容易些的读。
2．读书固然要读自己感兴趣的书，但更要读对自己有益的书。
3．有的书匆匆浏览便可；有的则需细读、精读，更要随时记笔记。
4．不要羞于问问题，任何比你懂得多的人都是你的老师。
5．勤查词典。词典是你最好的老师。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．开头语和结尾语已 为你写好。
Dear Wang Ping，
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my suggestions on how to read books correctly. To read successfully requires correct ways of reading. Here are some suggestions.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I_do_hope_my_suggestions_are_helpful_to_you.
Best_wishes，
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
答案：
【参考范文】
Dear Wang Ping，
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my suggestions on how to read books correctly.To read successfully requires correct ways of reading.Here are some suggestions.
Firstly, choose books which are neither too difficult nor too easy for you.If you find it too hard to go on with the book just put it aside for the moment and change for an easier one.Secondly, choose books that not only interest you but also benefit you, since reading is not always for fun only.Some books are to be read roughly, but some must be read slowly and carefully.Don't forget to take some notes whenever you feel it necessary.Thirdly, don't be shy to ask questions.Anyone who knows more than you do can be your teacher.Finally, do make good use of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best teachers.
I do hope my suggestions are helpful to you.
Best wishes，
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
第四学时 Grammar
[观察领悟]
观察领悟下列句子，找出其规律并熟读。
1．As there are so many different styles of Western art，it would_ be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.
2．If the rules of perspective _had_not_been_discovered，no one _would_have_been_able_to_paint _ such realistic pictures.
3. If I _had time, I would_attend the meeting.
4. If you came_(should_come/were_to_come) tomorrow, we would_have the meeting.
5．Without the new paints and the new technique，we would_not_be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
6．There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might_not_exist．
7. I wish I had a little lab of my own.
8. I'd rather he set about doing the work now.
[自我总结]
1. 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和________。
2. 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实________，或________的情况。
答案：1．虚拟语气
2．相反；不可能发生
一、概念
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不是客观存在的事实，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
1．如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
If he has time，he will come.
如果他有时间，他会来。
He won't succeed unless we plan well.
如果我们计划不好，他就会失败。
If you haven't finished your composition，you can hand it in tomorrow.
如果你还未写完作文，你可以明天交。
2．如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种。
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be的过去式常用were)
would/should/might/could＋动词原形
与将来事实相反
① 动词过去式
② should＋动词原形
③ were＋to do
would/should/might/could＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
动词过去完成式(had done)
would/should/might/could＋have done
If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.
如果你能早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
提示：含有条件状语从句中的虚拟语气使用时要注意以下几点：
(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称I和we, 但在美国英语中， should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
(2)在虚拟语气的从句中， 动词be的过去时态常用were, 非正式文体中第三人称单数也可用was。但If I were you...句式中， 不用was。
(3)虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时， 可把if省略， 而把were, had, should放在主语前， 用倒装结构， 这种结构主要用于书面语中。但要注意， 在虚拟条件状语从句中， 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
Were they here now, they could help us.＝If they were here now, they could help us.
要是他们现在在这儿的话， 就会帮助我们了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.＝If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
下雨， 庄稼就有救了。
三、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文或without，otherwise，but for等引出的短语中。
Without your help，I couldn't finish it.
没有你的帮助，我完成不了此事。
But for your advice，I would have failed.
如果没有你的建议，我就会失败的。
四、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
这类动词可按下列口诀记忆。
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest，propose，advise
四要求：request，require，demand，ask
提示：(1)除上述口诀中列举的动词外， desire, recommend, urge等也符合上述用法。
(2)suggest表示“暗示”， insist表示“坚持某种说法” 时， 后面的从句不用虚拟语气。
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Had the weather been good，the twins __________ (go) out for a walk.
2．If there __________ (be) any change about the date，I would inform you in time.
3．The train __________ (leave) ten minutes ago.You should have arrived a bit earlier.
4．I would have lent you some money，but I __________ (not have) any on me then.
5．I'm glad I went over all my notes；otherwise I ________ (not do) so well in the last exam.
6．She __________ (get) caught in the heavy traffic，or she could have come here earlier.
7．You __________ (not make) such a serious mistake if you had followed my advice.
8．Without electricity，human life __________ (be) quite difficult today.
答案：1．would have gone 2.should be 3.left 4.didn't have
5．couldn't have done 6.got 7.wouldn't have made
8．would be
二、翻译下列句子
1.我确实太忙了，不然的话，我一定和你一起去。
_______________________________________________________
2．老师要求所有的学生都要参加这项活动。
_______________________________________________________
3．很奇怪，他居然认识我。
_______________________________________________________
4．我要是没有许多事情要做，也许会在这里多呆些时间。
_______________________________________________________
5．如果你明天早一点到校，你将有足够的时间读英语。
_______________________________________________________
答案： 1．I'm really busy.Otherwise，I would certainly go with you.
2．The teacher ordered that all the students (should) take part in the activity.
3．It's strange that he should know me.
4．I might stay here a bit longer if I didn't have many things to do.
5．If you were to come to school earlier tomorrow，you would have enough time to read English.
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
I'm sure no one could recognize me now if I 1.________(not，get)my new transistors in the 1960s.There 2.______(be) times when my size was changed.I became small and thin but I got cleverer and cleverer，quicker and quicker.And my memory 3.________(become) so large that I couldn't believe it！But I 4.________(remain)lonely by standing there by myself if they (not，give) me a family 6.________(connect) by a network in the early 1960s.I could share information with others and we could talk to each other.At about the same time we learned to talk to humans 7.________(use) BASIC.I was brought into people's homes in the 1970s.Without this，my family and I 8.__________(not，use) by billions of people (deal) with information and communicate with each other around the world by the Internet.I love 10.________(use) to connect people who aren't close enough to speak to each other.I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth.
答案：1．had not got 2.were 3.became 4.would remain
5．had not given 6.connected 7.using
8．would not have been used 9.to deal 10.being used
四、单句改错
1．If she has not been given enough money，she wouldn't have bought the book.
_______________________________________________________
2. He will come to the party if he didn't have to work.
_______________________________________________________
3. If she was not easygoing，Li Ping wouldn't have a number of friends.
_______________________________________________________
4. If he had been familiar with software，he wouldn't has been fired by his boss.
_______________________________________________________
5. Had Tom worked hard，he would have passes the exam.
_______________________________________________________
答案：1．has→had 2.will→would 3.was→were 4.has→have 5.passes→passed
