第一学时 Reading and Comprehension
The power of poetry
Reading and writing poetry is a very personal experience. Poems use language as a way of expressing their feelings，whether positive ones of love, happiness and hope, or negative feelings like anger and fear. Poems can describe the beauty of nature，a person，a dream or a memorable(值得纪念的) event. Most people have tried writing poetry at some time，for example at school.
For children it is a good way to explore language and have fun with words as well as to express themselves.
But teachers and psychologists (心理学家) have found another use for poetry as a form of therapy(治疗) to help people with problems. Writing poetry can help people deal with changes in their lives, death or feelings of sadness, drug or alcohol problems or serious illness.
?Task 1
仔细阅读课文“A Few Simple Forms of English Poems”，根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．Poem A is about ________．
A．a father is going to buy his baby a billy-goat
B．a father is going to buy his baby a mockingbird
C．a father shows his love for his baby
D．a father is going to buy his baby a diamond ring
答案：C
2．Which two poems have rhyming lines?
A．Poems A and B. B．Poems C and D.
C．Poems E and F. D．Poems G and H.
答案：A
3．Which two poems give you clear pictures in your mind?
A．Poems A and C. B．Poems F and G.
C．Poems B and D. D．Poems E and H.
答案：B
4．The reason why the players in poem C lost the game is that ________．
A．they stayed up too late the night before
B．they didn't have thousands of fans screaming
C．they ran out of energy
D．they didn't play well enough
答案：D
?Task 2
再次阅读课文“A Few Simple Forms of English Poems”，完成下列的表格。
Forms of Poems
Characteristics
Nursery Rhymes
The language is 1.________ but imaginatve and 2.________ small children.
The language rhymes, and has strong rhythm and a lot of 3.________.
The poems may seem 4.________， but they are easy to learn and recite.
List Poems
They have a 5.________ line length and repeated phrases which give both a 6.________ and a rhythm to the poem.
Some rhyme while others do not.
The Cinquain
The poem 7.________ five lines and 8.________ a strong picture in just a few words.
Haiku
The poem is made up of 17 9.________ ，gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using the 10.________ of words.
Tang Poems
The translations have free forms.
答案：1．concrete 2.delights 3.repetition 4.contradictory
5．flexible 6.pattern 7.is made up of 8.conveys
9．syllables 10.minimum
?Task 3
根据课文“A Few Simple Forms of English Poems”，在下面空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
There are 1.__________(vary) reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try 2.________ convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express 3.________. For example：
Poem A is a common type of nursery poetry，whose language is concrete but 4.________(imagine). However they delight small children 5.________ rhyme，and a lot of repetition.
Poem B and C are one of the simplest kinds of poems 6.________ list things with a rhyme line length and repeated phrases giving both a pattern and a rhythm.
Poem D and E are another form of poems 7.________(make) up of five lines，with which students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.
A Japanese form of poetry，not traditional but popular with English writers，is made up of 17 8.________(syllable)，which can give a clear picture and create a special feeling 9.________(use) the minimum of words.
Poem H，a 10.________(translate) from the Chinese，is another form of Asian poetry.
答案：1．various 2.to 3.themselves 4.imaginative 5.by
6．which 7.made 8.syllables 9.using 10.translation
课件16张PPT。Unit 2 Poems
第一学时 Reading and Comprehension课文助手一、请对照课文“A Few Simple Forms of English Poems”的译文助读自主勘误
译文助读简体英文诗
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。 孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像下边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是常见的。童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，而且重复多遍。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。A
小宝宝，别说话，
爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。
小嘲鸟，不会唱，
爸爸给你买个钻石戒。
钻石戒，变成铜，
爸爸给你买个小镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买个小山羊。
小山羊，跑掉了。
爸爸今天再去给你买一只。 像(B)和(C)这样的列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B)，但有一些没有(如C)。B
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到房子向地主哈腰。
我看到人高十二英尺，
我看到茅屋在天郊。
我看到气球用铅做，
我看到棺材把死人抛。我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，
我看到两匹马儿绣花包。
我看到姑娘像只猫。
我看到小猫戴花帽。
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。C
我们的第一场球赛
我们本来会得冠军……
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们训练得更严格，
如果本把球传给了乔，
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我死死盯住球， 如果我们头晚不熬夜，
如果我们没有放松警惕，
如果我们没有精疲力竭，
我们本来会得冠军……
如果我们能干得更好！ 另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。请看下面的(D)和(E)两个例子。D
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人E
夏天
困乏，咸涩
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境F
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是个蝴蝶！
(作者：Moritake)G
雪儿融化了，
整个村庄充满着
欢乐的儿童。
(作者：Issa) 俳句诗(Haiku)是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。它不属于英语诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。上面两首俳句诗(F和G)就是从日语翻译过来的。 你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。这首唐诗(H)就是从中文翻译过来的。
H
望夫处，江悠悠，
化为石，不回头。
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
(作者：王建)
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。写诗比你想象的要容易，绝对值得一试！二、课文精选段落背诵(请注意冠词的使用)
There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a_ strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.第三学时 Using Language
Reading，listening and speaking
仔细阅读“I've Saved the Summer”，然后根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．What is the relationship between the poet and the person he writes to?
A．Boy friend and girl friend.
B．Parents and children.
C．Doctor and patient.
D．Boss and secretary.
答案：B
2．What's the poem mainly about?
A．The endless love for the young generation.
B．The sense of humour.
C．How to find your own love.
D．The value of youth.
答案：A
3．From the poem，we can infer that________．
A．the author has saved the summer
B．the child in the poem is 19 years old
C．the child in the poem has grown up with independence
D．parents still offer warmth and love for their children when they need
答案：D
4．What does “own” refer to in the last line?
A．Summer. B．Road.
C．Youth. D．Love.
答案：D
? Part A Reading Aloud
模仿朗读下面一段话，并注意语音语调。
I've saved the summer
And I give⌒it⌒all to you
To hold⌒on winter mornings
When the snow is new.?
I've saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place⌒away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.?
And for myself/I've kept⌒your smile
When you were but nineteen，
Till you're older/you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.?
I know no answers
To help⌒you/on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom⌒of the day.?
But if you've⌒a need for love
I'll give you all I own
It might help⌒you down the road
Till you've found⌒your own.?
Part B Role play
情景介绍：Lucy和Jack正在谈论诗歌I've Saved the Summer。
角色：Lucy和Jack
任务：(1)请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2)请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1：诗歌中有哪些押韵的词？
_______________________________________________________
答案：Q1：How many rhyming words are there in the poem?
A1：you，new；need，feed；nineteen，mean；way，day；own，road，own.
Q2：这首诗作者是以什么身份出现的？他想写给谁？
_______________________________________________________
答案：Q2：Who is the speaker in the poem? And who is he speaking to?
A2：A parent.To a young adult.
Q3：当你看到这首诗时，印象最深刻的是哪一句？为什么？
_______________________________________________________
答案：Q3：While reading the poem，which line gives you a strong impression？Why?
A3：While reading the poem，the last four lines attract me most because they perfectly convey a father's deep love to his child.
Q4：这首诗的节奏感强吗？为什么诗歌要有节奏感？
_______________________________________________________
答案：Q4：Does the poem have strong beats of rhythm？Why?
A4：Yes.Because they can make poem sound beautiful while reading and they have the readers enjoy the nature beauty described and buried in the poem more easily.
Part C Retelling
请用自己的话描述这首诗，你可以参照上述问题及其答案。
关键词：rhythm
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：In the poem，I've saved the summer，the author conveys his deep concern and love to his young child.The poem has strong beats of rhythm，which can make it sound beautiful while readers read them and have them enjoy the nature beauty described and buried in the poem easily.
1．A place away from darkness where your mind can feed.(p.14)
在那远离黑暗的地方，你的心灵会得到养料。
词语辨析：darkness；dark
两者都是不可数名词，意思比较接近。dark通常指因为没有光而造成的一种状态，表示“黑暗，无光”。
dark 还可以用作形容词，意为“黑暗的”。
darkness的意思是 “黑暗， 漆黑”，指处于一种黑暗的状态中。
?即学即练
用darkness，dark填空。
(1)After the lights went out, the classroom was in complete ________．
(2)Some children are afraid of the ________．
(3)It was eight o'clock in the evening.All around us was in ________．
答案：(1)darkness (2)dark (3)darkness
2．And for myself I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen( p．14)
那年你芳龄十九，我就珍藏了你的微笑。
?词语链接
but 但是，不过， 仅仅
but for要不是；没有(用于虚拟语气)
can not but do sth.不得不
never...but...总是，每次都
not...but... 不是……而是……
?思维拓展
观察下列各句中but的意思。
(1)London is a noisy place, but it is also the place where you can get the best entertainment.
伦敦是个闹市， 但是它也是能给你最好娱乐的地方。
(2)She is but in her fifties.
她不过五十多岁。
(3)His father left him nothing but debt.
除了债务，他的父亲什么也没给他留下。
(4)He never passed his old home but he thought of the happy time he had spent there.
每次经过自己的旧居，他都会想起在那里度过的幸福岁月。
?即学即练
翻译下列句子。
(1)别骂他，他不过是个小学生罢了。
_______________________________________________________
答案：(1)Don't scold him.He is but a pupil.
(2)他们每次见面都讨论学习问题。
_______________________________________________________
答案：(2)They never meet but they discuss study problem.
3．The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day (p.14)
办法也许就在某处：在白天结束的那个时辰。
?词语链接
lie vi. (lie－lay－lain－lying)此处表示“存在，在于”。
vi.躺，卧；(某物)平放在某物之上，在某处；位于
vi. 说谎(lie－lied－lied－lying)
n．谎言
?思维拓展
观察下列句中画线词的形式和意义。
(1)His success lies_in his diligence.(动词)
他的成功在于他的勤奋。
(2)It is comfortable lying on the grass enjoying the sunshine.(真正主语，动名词)
躺在草地上享受阳光的抚摸真是惬意。
(3)As he often lies,_no one will believe him any longer.(不及物动词)
由于他经常撒谎，人们再也不相信他了。
(4)He told a_lie that he was ill and didn't attend school this morning.(名词)
他撒谎说病了，今天上午没有上学。
?即学即练
用lie的适当形式填空。
(1)He felt sorry because he________to her again.
(2)When he came back，she________in bed for an hour.
(3)You________！I won't believe you.
(4)He found Jane________on the ground when he opened the door.
答案：(1)had lied (2)had lain (3)are lying (4)lying
一、单词拼写
1．If you are lost in the wood, it's very handy to have a ________ (指南针) with you.
2．Most players dream of winning a ________(冠军称号) of Olympic games in their lives.
3．He is a very famous ________(小提琴演奏者) in our city. Many students take lessons from him.
4．________(背着)with the necessities, we made it convenient for our travel.
5．He bent his face down to the fire, seeking comfort from its ________(温暖)．
答案：1．compass 2.championship 3.violinist 4.Loaded
5．warmth
二、词语运用
选择正确的短语填空，注意其形式。
take it easy，made up of，let out，run out of，try out，take one's eyes off，in particular
1．__________！Things aren't that bad，are they?
2．Her skirt looks so nice on her that I just can't ________．
3．This book is __________different articles.
4．We are __________ our money soon.
5．The whole meal was good but the wine __________ was excellent.
答案：1．Take it easy 2.take my eyes off 3.made up of
4．running out of 5.in particular
三、运用所的学语言基础知识，完成下列短文
Participants are making full 1.____________(……的准备) it in order to behave better at the speech. Some practice at noon without rest; others do before they have evening class. 2.____________ (使每个人感到高兴的是), all the participants 3.____________ (以积极的态度对待) the contest. They say they will 4.____________(特别) pay attention to the intonation because they think while making a speech, intonation will surely 5____________ (表达他们的感情). In a word, they 6.____________ (代表) the best English level of the whole school and we believe that they will give wonderful performance. It's believed that the contest will make students more enthusiastic about learning English.
答案：1．preparations for 2.To everyone's delight
3．show positive attitude towards
4．in particular
5．convey their feelings 6.stand for
第二学时 Learning about Language
一、回忆课文，写出下列短语
1．童谣________________
2．轻松，不紧张________________
3．用完________________
4．由…… 构成________________
5．尤其；特别________________
答案：1．nursery rhyme 2.take it easy 3.run out of
4．be made up of 5.in particular
二、回忆课文，完成句子
1．人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
There are various reasons________________．
2．行人归来石应语。
__________________，this stone would utter speech.
3．有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许是想自己写诗歌了。
________ so many different forms of poetry __________，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
4．你认为诗中的发言者更有可能是一个女朋友、男朋友，还是一位父亲或母亲？
Do you think the speaker in the poem____________be a girlfriend/boyfriend or a parent?
答案：1．why people write poetry 2.Should the traveller return
3．With；to choose from 4.is more likely to
1．Others try to convey certain emotions.(p.10)
其他的试图表达某种情感。
?词语链接
convey v．运载，运送某人/某物；表达，传达
convey sth./sb.from...to... 传送， 运送， 输送
convey sth.to sb. 向某人表达或传达(思想、感情等)
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)They were so excited that they could hardly ________________(表达他们的感受) in words.
(2)Water ____________(运送) to that area by train.
(3)Please __________________(转达我的祝愿) to your mother.
(4)Your luggage________________________(将用出租车运送到酒店)．
答案：(1)convey their feelings (2)is conveyed
(3)convey my best wishes
(4)will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi
2．poem n．指具体的一首诗，是可数名词
a prose poem 散文诗
compose/write a poem 作诗
Their life is a poem.他们的生活就是一首诗。
Which line comes last in this poem?
这首诗的最后一行是什么？
poetry n．诗(歌)的总称；诗意，诗趣(不可数名词)
Shakespeare and Milton are masters of English poetry.
莎士比亚和弥尔顿是英诗大师。
?即学即练
选择poem 或poetry填空。
(1)He wrote a __________ praising her loveliness.
(2)You don't understand the __________ of life.
答案：(1)poem (2)poetry
3．They delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.(p.10)
它们能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，又有很强的节奏，而且重复多遍。
?词语链接
delight n．欣喜，乐趣，高兴，愉快
vt.给予乐趣
be delighted to do sth. 高兴地做某事
be delighted with 对……感到高兴
be delighted at 因某事高兴
take delight in 喜欢干某事，从……中取乐
to one's delight 使某人高兴的是
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)Sandy____________________(将会很高兴见到你)．
(2)We ____________________(很高兴收到你的来信)．
(3)The manager____________________(对他的新家很满意)．
(4)The children ________________(喜欢) in playing water in the small river.
(5)______________(令他高兴的是)，he received a letter from his uncle who is in America now.
答案：(1)will be delighted to see you (2)are delighted to receive your letter (3)is very delighted with his new house
(4)take delight (5)To his delight
4．We would have won if we hadn't taken it easy, if we hadn't run out of energy.(p.10)
如果我们没有放松警惕，如果我们没有精疲力竭，我们就会赢了。
词语辨析：take it/things easy；take one's time
take it/things easy指慢慢来，不过于紧张；不过于劳累， 也指休息或停止工作。
take one's time指从容不迫，拖拉，慢吞吞。
?即学即练
A．用take it/things easy 与 take one's time填空。
(1)____________．The roads are wet.
(2)Many old people can ____________ after they retire.
(3)There were still an hour before the plane left, so we ____________ leaving.
答案：(1)Take it easy (2)take things easy (3)took our time
词语辨析：run out；run out of
run out指(某物)用完，耗尽，没有了；过期失效， 后面没有宾语。
run out of sth.指(某人)用完(某物)；把……撵走， 后面有宾语。
?即学即练
B．用run out与run out of 填空。
(1)The car suddenly broke down because the petrol __________ on the way.
(2)The contract(合同)__________at the end of the year, and will have to be renewed (重新办理)．
(3)We ____________milk and beer and I have to get some from the nearest supermarket.
答案： (1)ran out (2)runs out (3)have run out of
5．Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.(p.10)
另一种学生很容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的叫做五行诗。
词语辨析：
be made from；be made out of；be made of；be made up of；be made into
be made of强调当原材料制成成品后，原材料仍保持原有性质，即仍能看出原材料。
be made from强调当原材料制成成品后，失去了原有的性质或从制成品中看不出原材料。
be made out of主要用于第一种含义(be made of)，有时也用于第二种含义(be made from)。
be made up of指“由……所组成”，强调组成成分，相当于be composed of 或consist of。
be made into...材料加工成小产品。
be made by＋生产者
be made in ＋生产地
?即学即练
选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)The textbook ____________ twelve chapters.
(2)We can ________ bottles ________glass.That's to say, glass can____________ bottles.
(3)Bamboo can ____________ houses，chairs，desks and many other things as well.
(4)Paper __________ wood and this table __________ wood, too.
答案：(1)is made up of/ is composed of/consists of
(2)make；out of；be made into (3)be made into
(4)is made from；is made of
6．tease vt.逗弄，取笑，戏弄
tease sb. about sth.逗弄，取笑
The naughty girl teased a boy about his curly hair.
这个顽皮的女孩取笑那个男孩的卷发。
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)He hates ____________________________(别人笑他是光头)．
(2)The dog may bite you if you keep ________(逗弄它)．
(3)Don't take it seriously—he's only ________(说笑话)．
答案：(1)being teased about his bald head
(2)teasing it (3)teasing
7．minimum n．最小量，最少数，最低限度
minimum adj.最少量的，最低点的，最低限度的(作定语用)
maximum n．最大量，最大限度
maximum adj.最大量的，最大限度的
Costs should be kept to a minimum.
成本应保持在最低限度。
He smokes a minimum of ten cigarettes a day.
他一天最少吸十支香烟。
?即学即练
选用上述词语填空。
(1)Our goal is to achieve the ________ of efficiency.
(2)Repairing your car will cost a ________ of 100 dollars.It's not so easy.
(3)You must practise each day for a ________ of 30 minutes.
(4)The ________ speed of this car is 150 miles per hour.
答案：(1)maximum (2)minimum (3)minimum
(4)maximum
8．translation n．翻译，译文，译本，翻译(言语或文字)
translate v．翻译
translator n．译员，翻译者(指笔译者)
interpreter n．译员，翻译者(指口译者)
translate...into... 把……翻译成(转变成)……
translate...as...把……翻译成(解释为、视为)……
There is an error in translation.有一处误译。
She's doing/making an English translation of Faust.
她正在把《浮士德》译成英文。
I've only read Tolstoy in translation.
我只读过托尔斯泰小说的译著。
?即学即练
选用上述词语填空。
(1)Lots of Tang poetry ____________ into English.
(2)His love of language inclined (促使) him towards a career as a ________．
(3)I think her ________ of the article is much better than his.
答案：(1)has been translated (2)translator
(3)translation
9．长难句结构分析
(1) or .,)
这是一个主从复合句，主句中由 or 连接两个并列谓语，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词way。
(2) ，,).,)
这是一个主从复合句，that引导的是定语从句，名词cinquain后有一个同位语poem，made up of five lines作后置定语，修饰poem。
(3) the poem.
?即学即练
模仿造句，并分析句子成分。
(1)王老师以一种我们永远不会忘记的方式告诉我们英语学习的重要性。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)
.,)
(2)我们英语老师表扬的那个同学是安妮，我邻居的表姐。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
(2) ，.,)
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．How many ________(poetry) have you written?
2．A lot of Tang poetry has been ________(translation) into English.
3．Lihua's ________(end) patience in helping me with my maths really made me moved.
4．We should not eat the food which is too ________ (salt) because it is bad to our health.
5．I'm really ________(delight) to see you.
6．That is a mere ________(repeat) of what you said before.
答案：1．poems 2.translated 3.endless 4.salty 5.delighted
6．repetition
二、词语活用
用框内的词语完成下列小段落。
delight sb.，be delighted in, be/feel delighted with sth., take delight in, to one's delight
Dear Jane，
I'm 1.________________receive your letter.What you told me in your letter 2.________ me a lot.I 3.__________________ your progress in your studies.And I 4.__________________ know that you 5.____________ joining in all kinds of activities in your university.6.____________，I see that you've grown up and become an independent girl.
答案：1．delighted to 2.delights 3.feel delighted with
4．am also delighted to 5.take delight in
6．To my great delight
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．________(recite) English stories is the first step to learn English.
2．What the astronauts said ________(convey) to the families by radio.
3．Another simple form of poem is called cinquain, a poem ________(make) up of five lines.
4．If ________(load) too much, the car may break down easily.
5．The teacher takes good care of him as if he________________________________________________________________________
(be) her own son.
6．It's wrong ________(tease) a person who can not speak properly.
7．We must have the __________(fall) trees on the ground ________(remove) as soon as possible.
8．________(try) it out, you'll find it very good.
9．This small factory ________(transform) into a large company.
10．List poems have a flexible line length and ______(repeat) phrases.
答案：1．Reciting 2.was conveyed 3.made 4.loaded
5．were 6.to tease 7.fallen；removed 8.Trying
9．has been transformed 10.repeated
四、运用括号内的词组， 将下列句子译成英语
1．医生叫我休息几周。(take it easy)
_______________________________________________________
答案：The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks.
2．突然，他发现盐用完了。(run out of)
_______________________________________________________
答案：Suddenly，he found that he had run out of salt.
3．只有不断的努力和进步，方能成就有意义的生活。 (be made up of)
_______________________________________________________
答案：A life worth living should be made up of continuous efforts and progress.
4．警方并未真正特意为黑人群体做什么。 ( in particular)
_______________________________________________________
答案：The police haven't really done anything for the black community in particular.
5. 当那些年轻人确实要搬出去时，他们更有可能租车而不是买车。(be likely to )
_______________________________________________________
答案：When the young people do move out，they are more likely to rent a car than buy one.
第五学时 Writing
文学与艺术——关于诗歌
【写作素材】
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇或句型表达。
1．诗是一种文体形式，一般是按一定的规律由几行组成。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Poetry is a type of literature which is often made up of a number of lines according to some rule.
2．有些诗押韵，而有些不押韵并且很灵活。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Some poems rhyme while others don't and are very flexible.
3．他们常常是讲述一个故事或描述某件事情。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Poems often tell a story or describe something.
4．诗还可以用来传达幸福或悲伤的感情。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Poems often tell a story or describe something.
5．很多中国人喜欢诗，特别是唐诗，所以他们能背诵很多唐诗。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Many Chinese people enjoy poems, Tang Poems in particular, and they can recite many of them.
【连句成篇】
可选用定语从句，while，like，also等将以上句子连成一篇短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Poetry is a type of literature which is often made up of a number of lines according to some rule.Some poems rhyme while others don't and are very flexible.Poems often tell a story or describe something.They can also convey certain emotions like sorrow or happiness .Many Chinese people enjoy poems，Tang poems in particular，and they can recite many of them.
【短文改错】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Some of first poetry a young child learns on English is nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) is still an common type of children's poetry. The language is concrete but imagine, and they delighted small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make a sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easily to learn and recite. By play with the words in nursery rhymes, child learn about language.
答案：Some of first poetry a young child learns English is nursery rhymes.These rhymes like the one on the right (A) still common type of children's poetry.The language is concrete but ， and they small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.The poems may not make a sense and even seem contradictory, but they are to learn and recite.By with the words in nursery rhymes, learn about language.
如何欣赏诗歌
诗是一门精美的艺术，是一种无声的音乐，它用词典雅、句法精炼、形式别致、意象丰富，具有特有的节奏。在高中新课程标准中虽然没有明确要求学生写诗，但学会理解、欣赏一些简单的诗对提高文学素养、审美能力、英语水平和英译汉的能力起着独特的作用。
作为一名高中生，平时在阅读或欣赏诗的时候注意下面的几点就可以了：
1．反复诵读，准确把握诗的主题和意象，深刻领会诗人隐藏在字里行间的情感和意境，不能“浅尝辄止，似是而非”，更不能“望文生义，断章取义”。
2．简单了解诗的格律、押韵和体式。
(1)格律是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬(重)，非重读音节为抑(轻)。抑扬格、扬抑格、抑抑扬格、扬抑抑格和抑扬抑格是五种常见的格律。
(2)押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。其中尾韵是最常见、最重要的押韵方式。头韵是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。
(3)诗的体式常见的有十四行诗(Sonnet)、打油诗(Limericks)和自由诗(Free Verse)。其中自由诗是现代诗中常见和高中生应重点了解的体式。其特点是诗行长短不同，对押韵与格律要求不严格，只注重诗所表达的意象和传达的情感。
3．推敲语言，背诵佳句，丰富积累，不断提高自己对语言的把握和灵活运用的能力。这其实是我们在高中阶段学习和欣赏诗的主要目的。
诗歌既是语言的精华，也蕴含丰富的哲理，对于读者有很大的激励和指导作用，请阅读下面这首诗歌，写一篇英语短文，谈谈这首诗歌对于我们生活、学习、工作的启示。但不得照抄诗歌原文，也不能写成诗歌形式。
Dreams
Hold fast (紧地) to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That can never fly
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren (荒芜的) field
Frozen only with snow
注意：1.词数100左右。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Dreams is a very beautiful poem that offers readers a lot of encouragement and confidence.As we all know，everyone has dreams，which are important for our school study，our daily life as well as our work.We should hold fast to them，or we will lose interest and direction of our life，which may cause some of us to fail in our work or study，and even make us lose hope for our life.
In order to make our dreams come true，we'd better make a reasonable plan for our study or our work，which will also direct us to arrange our future life properly.At the same time，we shouldn't lose heart even if our dreams fail to be realized.We should adjust our plan and go on working harder，and I'm sure we will succeed in realizing our dreams at last.
第四学时 Grammar
[观察领悟]
观察领悟下列句子，找出其规律并熟读。
1．We would_have_won．..，if Jack_had_scored that goal.If we'd_had just a few more minutes，...
2．Should the traveller_return，this stone would_utter speech.
3. If we_had_booked a table earlier, we wouldn't_be standing here in a queue.
4. Maybe if I had_studied science，and not literature then，I_would_be able to give you more help.
5. If only I had_looked ahead a few days ago！Then I wouldn't_have_been feeling so worried now.
6. If I_had_studied_harder in school, I_could_qualify for the job now.
7. You would be much better now if you had_taken_the doctor's advice.
8. If my parents hadn't_forced_me to come, I shouldn't_be here now.
[自我总结]
1．虚拟条件句中有were，had，should时，可把________省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，用倒装结构，如句子________。
2. 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是________，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句， 如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用________，如句子________。
3. 通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是________的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用________的谓语动词形式，如句子________。
答案：1．If 2
2．真实条件句 虚拟条件句 1、5
3．一致 不同 3、4、6、7、8
一、错综时间条件句
在错综时间条件句中，条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致，因此动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.
如果你当初听医生的话，现在你已经好了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)
If I were you，I would have taken her advice.
如果我是你，我就接受她的建议。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
二、虚拟语气的其他用法
1．It is (high/about) time that...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略。
It is high time that we had supper.
我们该吃晚饭了。
2．It is important (necessary，essential，strange，a pity等)that...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”或“should have＋过去分词”。
It is important that we (should) work hard.
我们努力工作很重要。
It is necessary that I (should)return it now.
我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam.
他考试竟没有及格，真是遗憾。
3．与表示请求、建议、命令、要求等意义的词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，常用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
He gave the advice that we (should) do the work carefully.
他建议我们认真做这项工作。
It is suggested that we should start before sunset.
(人们)建议我们日落前出发。
4．as if/though引导的从句用虚拟语气时，从句谓语形式：
He talked as if he had known it.
他谈起来好像已知道此事。
5．在if only引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用一般过去时或“would/could＋动词原形”，表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望，常译为“要是…… 就好了”。
If only I were a flying bird!
如果我是一只飞鸟该多好啊！
If only I had seen the film!
如果我看过那部电影该多好啊！
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise，he __________(score) a goal.
2．She loves the boy as if she __________(be) his mother.
3．You ____________ (not make) such a serious mistake if you had followed my advice.
4．If I had studied hard，I __________ (win) the scholarship now.
5．If I ____________ (not catch) by something，I would have come to your party yesterday.
6．The picture exhibition bored me to death；I wish I __________ (go) there.
7．The teacher advised us that we __________ (pay) more attention to our pronunciation.
8．If it ____________ (not be) for the help of our teacher，we should not have made so much progress.
答案：1．would have scored 2.were 3.wouldn't have made
4．would win 5.hadn't been caught 6.hadn't gone
7．(should) pay 8.had not been
二、翻译下列句子
1．要是当初你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了。
_______________________________________________________
答案：If you had informed me earlier，I wouldn't have signed the contract.
2．要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了。
_______________________________________________________
答案：Had you repaired the house yesterday，it wouldn't be wet now.
3．如果我是你，昨天就帮了那个人了。
_______________________________________________________
答案：If I were you，I would have helped the man yesterday.
4．真可惜，你没看这部电影。
_______________________________________________________
答案：It is a pity that you should have missed the film.
5．我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。
_______________________________________________________
答案：It's time that we took/should take measures to stop pollution.
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
During the “Cultural Revolution”(1966－1976)，Chinese teachers (be)at the bottom of the social scale partly due to the prevalent mentality at that time where education 2.________ (see) as synonymous with counter-revolution(反革命)．The teachers 3.________ (not，be)treated badly if they 4.________ (respect). Then students would not have looked on their teachers 5.________ their enemy.Education 6.________ (not，regard) as the opposite in the direction of revolution.Without “Cultural Revolution”，the education in China 7.________ (be) quite different today.Fortunately，ever since then teachers 8.________ (gain) their respect in society and education 9.________ (give) its due status in the overall national 10.________(develop) blueprint.
答案：1．were 2.was seen 3.would not have been
4．had been respected 5.as 6.would not have been regarded
7．would be 8.have gained 9.has been given 10.development
四、单句改错
1．If she studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：she studied→she had studied
2．We would have won if we stayed up so late the night before.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：we stayed→we hadn't stayed
3．My suggestion is that he would go there at once.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：would→should
4．It is time that we go to the library.
_______________________________________________________________________
答案：we go→we should go/go→went
5．If only I am a bird!
_______________________________________________________
答案：am→were
