第一学时 Reading and Comprehension
American kids shaping up with trainers
Nearly a million American youngsters，some as young as 6，rely on personal trainers to shape up，lose weight or improve in sports，according to figures from the nation's leading sports club association. Many parents，worried about their children's weight and fitness，say that working with a trainer motivates their kids and helps them build confidence. So they are willing to spend the $40 to $60 an hour that trainers generally charge.
The Boston-based group's latest figures，from 2005，show that 824，000 children between the ages of 6 and 17 use trainers—a figure that accounts for about 13% of trainers' clients. With many high school students not getting exercise at school，more parents are turning to trainers to help their children stay fit. More than one-third of American children are overweight and experts warn of future health problems ahead from diabetes to heart disease.
?Task 1
仔细阅读课文“Advice from Grandad”， 根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．Why did Jame's grandfather write to James?
A．Because he wanted to tell James his experience.
B．Because he wanted to tell James the harmful effects of smoking.
C．Because he wanted to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wanted to help James get some information.
答案：C
2．From Paragraph 3, we can learn that ________．
A．a person can be addicted to nicotine because nicotine is one of the chemicals in cigarettes
B．a person will be addicted to smoking if he treats it as a habit
C．a person will feel sick if his body gets used to having nicotine
D．a person will really feel relaxed when having a cigarette
答案：B
3．Which is NOT the effect of smoking?
A．Causing terrible damage to heart and lungs.
B．Affecting the health of non-smokers.
C．Making the clothes turn yellow.
D．Not enjoying sport.
答案：C
4．In what way did the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking?
A．Using scientific theory.
B．His failure in love.
C．His sports activity.
D．His own experience.
答案：D
?Task 2
再次阅读课文“Advice from Grandad”，完成下列表格。
Division
Main idea
detailed facts
Part 1
Grandad's healthy life
It seems amazing that at my age I am still 1.________ to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
Part 2
James' problem of smoking and leading to the topic
It is 2.________ to stop smoking.
Grandad also smoked and became 3.________ to cigarettes during his 4.________.
Part 3
Three different ways of becoming addicted to smoking
First you become 5.______ addicted to nicotine.
Secondly, you become addicted through habit; you begin to do it 6.________.
Lastly, you can become mentally addicted.
Part 4
The harmful effects of smoking
It was difficult for smoking couples to become 7.________.
A smoker can become 8.________ quickly when playing sports.
Part 5
Advice on how to give up smoking
9.________ a day to quit when you are not stressful.
Don't be 10.________ if you have to try several times.
答案：1．fit enough 2.tough 3.addicted 4.adolescence
5．physically 6.automatically 7.pregnant 8.breathless
9．Decide on 10.disappointed
?Task 3
根据课文“Advice from Grandad”在下面空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
Although James' grandad will be 82 years old，he is fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.He thinks the long and active life must be due 1.________ the healthy life.But during 2.________ adolescence he was also addicted to cigarettes.He says one may become addicted to cigarettes in three ways.Firstly，one can become physically addicted to nicotine.This means that after a while the body becomes 3.________ (accustom) to having nicotine in it.Secondly，one becomes addicted through habit.If one does the same thing over and over again，he begins to do it 4.________ (automatical)．Lastly，one can become mentally addicted.At first，James' grandad didn't know the harmful effects of smoking or 5.________ it could do terrible damage to the heart and lungs.He didn't know that smoking couples' babies might be 6.________ (normal) in some way.When he was 7.________ (take) off the school football team because he was unfit，he knew it was time to quit 8.________ (smoke)．And he did finally manage.He even sent James some 9.________ (advise) like “prepare yourself，be determined，break the habit，relax，get help if you need it and keep trying” to help James to stop 10.________ strengthen his resolve.
答案：1．to 2.his 3.accustomed 4.automatically 5.that
6．abnormal 7.taken 8.smoking 9.advice 10.and
课件15张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy life
第一学时 Reading and Comprehension课文助手一、请将课文“Advice from Grandad”翻译成汉语，然后对照译文助读自主勘误
译文助读爷爷的忠告
亲爱的詹姆士：
今天这儿的天气很好。现在我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。我刚刚才回来，骑自行车跑了很长一段路，一直到了古城堡。感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
这就是我写信给你的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在很难把它戒掉。相信我吧，我知道，吸烟容易戒烟难。你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。 这儿我想顺便问你一个问题，你知道上瘾有三个方面的原因吗？首先，你会在身体上对尼古丁有瘾，它是香烟里的几百种化学物质之一。这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会有断瘾症状，我记得曾感到烦躁，甚至痛苦。其次你在习惯上上瘾。你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地做它。最后，你在心理上上瘾。我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就以为抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒烟就很难。但是我终于还是戒掉了。 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。例如，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻或在某些方面不正常。我更不知道，自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟人的健康。然而我的的确确知道，我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。她说我的呼吸、我的衣服都有味道，而且我的手指头都变黄了。她说在我把烟戒掉之前，她是不会再同我一起外出的。我也发现我跑步很快就气喘，也不像以前那样爱好运动了。而当我因为不健康而被校足球队除名之后，我才知道是我该戒烟的时候了。 我把我从网上找到的一些忠告寄给你。或许对你戒烟和坚定决心会有所帮助。我的确希望你把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
爱你的爷爷你怎样才能戒烟？
戒烟不容易，但许许多多的人都成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。这儿有几点建议：
·做好准备。确定一个开始戒烟的日子。不要选择你明知有压力的日子，例如要考试的那一天。把戒烟的好处列一个清单。在你计划戒烟的前一天把你最后一包香烟扔掉。 ·下定决心。每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。把你早先写的那个戒烟的好处的清单反复地看一看。
·破除旧习。不要抽烟，而去干点别的事情。去散散步、刷刷牙、喝点水、打扫房间。其实，只要是能使你的脑，特别是手不得闲的事情，你都可以去做。 ·放松休息。如果你开始感到紧张有压力了，不要伸手去拿香烟。试着做做深呼吸。每当你感到紧张了，就去做做放松运动。
·必要时找人帮忙。同朋友一起来安排戒烟，这样你们可以谈谈你的问题，你也可以参加一个戒烟小组。如果你的确感到没办法，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈，帮你想点办法，如含尼古丁的口香糖等。 ·继续努力。即使非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失去希望。如果你因意志薄弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。那就再努力戒就是了。最终你会成功的。二、课文精选段落背诵(请注意形容词的使用)
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.第三学时 Using Language
Reading，listening and speaking
阅读“HIV/AIDS：Are You at Risk？”然后根据课文选出最佳选项。
1．You can get HIV through ________．
A．having meals with the patients with AIDS
B．kissing someone with AIDS
C．injecting drugs using the same needle
D．touching someone infected with HIV
答案：C
2．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．HIV is the same as AIDS
B．HIV is different from AIDS
C．HIV weakens a person's immune system
D．you can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time
答案：B
3．In order to stay safe, you ________．
A．should not use the needle someone else has used
B．have to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugs
C．should use a condom if you have sex with another person
D．all of the above
答案：D
4．The passage tells us about ________．
A．some common understanding of HIV/AIDS
B．what HIV/AIDS is and the way of transmitting
C．ways to protect ourselves
D．the definition of HIV/AIDS and the warning to us
答案：D
? Part A Reading Aloud
模仿朗读下面一段话，并注意语音语调。
HIV is⌒a virus. A virus is⌒a very small living thing/that causes disease.?There are many different viruses, for example,
the flu virus?or the SARS virus.?HIV weakens a person's immune system; that⌒is, the part⌒of the body/that fights disease.?You can have HIV in your blood/for⌒a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much/that your body can no longer fight disease.This stage⌒of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances⌒of survival are very small.?
Part B Role play
情景介绍：Tina和Jack在谈论艾滋病的话题。
角色：Tina和Jack
任务：(1)请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2)请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1：病毒是什么？HIV是病毒吗？
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q1：What's a virus？Is HIV a virus?
A1：A virus is a very small living thing that cause disease.HIV is a virus.
Q2：HIV病毒是怎样影响人们健康的？
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q2：How does HIV affect people's health?
A2：HIV virus weakens a person's immune system and eventually it damages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight against disease.
Q3：我们应该如何面对HIV/AIDS患者？
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q3：How should we do towards people who have HIV/AIDS?
A3：Show love and care to them and don't look down upon them.
Q4：我们可以做些什么来帮助AIDS的携带者？
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q4：What can we do to help AIDS?carriers?
A4：Help them fight fear，shame and injustice.
Q5：目前能治愈AIDS或HIV吗？避免患上艾滋病的最好方式是什么？
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Q5：Is there a cure for AIDS and HIV at the moment？What's the best way of avoiding AIDS?
A5：No，there isn't a cure for AIDS and HIV at the moment.So the best way of avoiding AIDS is not to get infected by the HIV virus.
Part C Retelling
请用自己的话复述课文，你可以参照上述问题及其答案。
关键词：HIV，AIDS，virus，health，avoid
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：HIV is a virus which is a very small living thing that causes disease.HIV virus weakens a person's immune system and eventually it damages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight against disease.This stage of the illness is called AIDS.HIV or AIDS is spread through blood or the fluids that the body makes during sex.At the moment there isn't a cure for AIDS and HIV，so the best way of avoiding AIDS is not to get infected by the HIV virus.
1．Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.(p.22)
女人比男人更容易感染上艾滋病。
?词语链接
sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 某人或某物可能做某事
表示可能的常用句型：
It is possible/probable/likely that sb. do sth.
某人可能做某事
It is possible/probable/likely (for sb.) to do sth.
某人可能做某事
注意：likely的主语可以是人也可以是物或it，possible 和probable的主语是it。
?即学即练
用likely，possible，probable填空。
(1)A traffic accident is more ________ to happen at that intersection.
(＝It is more likely that a traffic accident will happen at that intersection.)
(2)When you chat online with people, you are ________ to come across a next-door neighbor or even a workmate in the same office.
(3)A hurricane is ________ to come.
(4)It is ________ that a hurricane will come.
答案：(1)likely (2)likely (3)likely
(4)possible/probable/likely
2．Unfortunately，people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice.(p.22)．
不幸的是，由于人们对艾滋病患者的偏见，艾滋病病人有时会失去朋友。
?词语链接
prejudice v．使产生成见
n．成见，偏见
prejudice sb. against使……对……产生偏见
prejudiced adj.有偏见的
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)杰克逊说那首歌的用意是阐述偏见的种种弊病的。
Jackson said the song was suggested to illustrate the ____________．
(2)玛戈的证词会让陪审团对他产生偏见。
Margot's testimony will ________ jurors __________．
答案：(1)evils of prejudice (2)prejudice；against him
3．As well as providing care and support for AIDS sufferers, the programme trains young people to teach others about HIV/AIDS.(p.60)
除了给那些艾滋病患者提供治疗和援助，这个项目还训练年轻人向别人传授有关HIV病毒和艾滋病的知识。
as well as 和，也，还，除……之外
?思维拓展
观察下列句中as well as 的意思和用法。
(1)On Sundays，his landlady provided dinner as_well_as breakfast.
在周日他的房东太太不仅提供早餐而且还有晚餐。(连接两个名词)
(2)We cannot expect her to do the homework as_well_as look after the children.
我们不能指望她既看孩子又要做家务活。(连接两个动词)
(3)As_well_as working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
除了当医生外，他在业余时间还写小说。(as well as＝besides，在句首后面带 doing，相当于一个介词)
(4)Mary as_well_as her friends is going to London next week.
玛丽和她的朋友们下周要到伦敦去。(注意：as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与第一个主语一致)
一、单词拼写
1．The old man is a ________(幸存者) of the past age.
2．I realized that they wanted to be alone so I felt ________ (尴尬的)．
3．Things can easily go wrong when people are under ________ (压力)．
4. A ________(判断) is an opinion that you have or express after thinking carefully.
5．I'm always an ________ (笨手笨脚的) dancer.
答案：1．survivor 2.embarrassed 3.stress 4.judgement
5．awkward
二、完成下列句子
1．Emergency line operators must always ______________(保持冷静)and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
2．______________(不可能) that I should accept such an offer as that.
3．The disease is spreading，and all children under five ____________________(在危险之中)．
4．__________________(没有足够的证据)to prove him guilty of the crime.
5．The old ________________(容易被传染上) cold.
6．He is a scholar __________________(也是一名著名作家)．
7．The number of young people becoming addicted to computer games is increasing and it is important ____________________(解决这个问题)．
8．He got well-prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't __________________________(冒险失去) the good opportunity.
答案：1．stay calm 2.It isn't likely 3.are at risk 4.There is not enough evidence 5.are easily infected with 6.as well as a famous writer 7.to handle this issue 8.risk losing
三、运用所学的语言基础知识，完成下列短文
In order to 1.____________ (缓解精神压力), many people, especially adolescents, 2.____________ (养成……习惯) smoking. The person who begins to smoke will 3.__________ (对……上瘾) cigarettes and eventually he will 4.____________ (习惯于) having nicotine in his body. 5.____________ (众所周知) that smoking 6.____________ (对……有害) the health of smokers as well as the people around, and a lot of people 7.____________ (死于) lung cancer and heart disease 8.____________ (由于) smoking. What's worse, cigarettes, which are very expensive, waste a lot of money and may cause fire. So it is necessary for the government to reduce the production of tobacco and make smoking 9.____________ (不合法) so that smokers will 10.____________ (下决心戒烟)．
答案：1．relax mental stress 2.get into the habit of
3．become/be addicted to 4.become/be accustomed to
5．It is well known 6.does damage/harm to 7.die of
8．due to 9.illegal 10.decide on quitting smoking
第二学时 Learning about Language
一、回忆课文，写出下列短语
1．由于……____________
2．对……有瘾____________
3．对……作出决定____________
4．习惯于……____________
5．想要(做)……____________
6．停止做某事____________
答案：1．due to 2.be addicted to 3.decide on
4．become/be accustomed to 5.feel like (doing)
6．quit doing sth.
二、回忆课文，完成下列句子
1．在我这个年纪，我仍然很健康，可以在一个下午骑车走20千米路，这似乎令人惊奇。
____________ that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
答案： It seems amazing
2．正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。
____________，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.
答案： As you know
3．但是最后我的确是成功了。
But ____________ finally manage.
答案： I did
4.也不知道我吸烟竟然会影响到那些不吸烟者的健康。
____________ I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers.
答案：Neither did
5．当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew ______________ smoking.
答案： it was time to quit
6．每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不抽烟的人了。
____________ you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
答案： Every time
1．stress n．压力，焦虑；强调；重要性
v．强调
stressful adj.令人感到有压力的
stressed adj.紧张的，有压力的
put/play/lay stress on 重视，看重；给……以压力
a stressful job 一个有压力的工作
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)Regular exercise can help ________________(缓解压力)．
(2)The school ____________(特别强调) developing children's creativity.
(3)The importance of teamwork in football matches ____________(经常被强调)．
(4)The quick tempo(节奏) of modern life makes me __________(感到紧张)．
答案：(1)reduce stress (2)lays great stress on
(3)is often stressed (4)feel stressed
2．I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.(p.18)
我想我之所以能长寿及精力充沛，主要原因是我的健康生活。
due to由于，因……造成，归功于；应给与，应属于
?即学即练
A．完成下列句子。
(1)________________(由于雾天), the traffic moved very slowly.
(2)The great success of this project was largely ________________________________(归功于当地30名商人的支持).
答案：(1)Because of the foggy weather
(2)due to the support given by the 30 local businessmen
词语辨析：
due to；owing to；as a result of；thanks to；because of
due to“由于”，多用作表语，通常不置于句首。
owing to“由于，因为”，多指引起不良后果的原因，但在实际使用中常与because of互换。
as a result of “作为……的结果”，一般用作状语。
thanks to “幸亏，多亏，由于”，作状语用，多置于句首。既表近于原意的正面意义或褒义“感谢”，也表近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”。
because of “因为，由于”，一般用作状语，位于句首或句中。
B.选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)He was late __________ the snow.
(2)__________ your help，I passed the examination.
(3)__________ the rain，they could not come.
(4)The failure of the scheme was __________ bad management.
答案：(1)as a result of/because of/owing to
(2)Thanks to (3)Owing to/Because of (4)due to
3．You see, during adolescence I also smoked and I became addicted to cigarettes.(p.18)
你知道，我年轻的时候也吸过烟并很快就上瘾了。
?词语链接
be addicted to sth./ doing sth.
对……有瘾；沉溺于某物；对某事入迷
become addicted to sth./ doing sth.
对……有瘾；沉溺于某物；对某事入迷
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)The parents felt helpless when they found their son ______________________(沉溺于电脑游戏)．
(2)His mother ________________(沉迷于) TV soap operas(电视连续剧)．
答案：(1)had been addicted to playing computer games
(2)is addicted to
4．This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms.(p.18)
这意味着过一段时间后你的身体就适应了香烟中的尼古丁，一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会有断瘾症状。
be/become accustomed to＝ be used to表示 “习惯于”， 短语中的to是介词， 后面可接名词、代词或动名词。
?词语链接
look forward to 期望，盼望
pay attention to 注意
object to 反对
devote...to 献身于
stick to 坚持
make contributions to 为……作贡献
lead to 通往，导致
注意：上述短语中的to都是介词，不是动词不定式符号。
?即学即练
选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)He quickly ____________ eating the local food.
(2)She ____________ dealing with so much media attention (媒体的关注), so she was quite embarrassed.
(3)Why do you __________ your husband's proposal? It sounds reasonable.
(4)We must try our best to ______________ our country.
答案：(1)became accustomed to/got used to
(2)is not accustomed to (3)object to
(4)make contributions to
5．So it was very difficult to quit.But I did finally manage. (p.18)
戒烟的确很难，但我最终设法戒了烟。
?词语链接
quit vt.(＝give up)离职；退学；停止；放弃
quit doing sth.放弃做某事
manage vt.&vi.负责；管理；经营；设法做到(常与can, could, be able to连用)
manage to do sth.(＝succeed in doing sth.)设法做成某事，强调结果。
manager n．经理，管理人
manageress n．女经理，女管理人
management n．管理；管理部门
manageable adj.能处理的，能管理的
?即学即练
选用上述词语的适当形式完成下列句子。
(1)He is not good at__________ his money.
(2)Small sailboats(小游船) can easily turn over in the water if they are not __________ carefully.
(3)In spite of these insults(侮辱), she __________ not to get angry.
(4)Will you be able __________ on your own?
(5)She recently ________ her job to spend more time with her family.
(6)I ________ smoking and put on weight.
答案：(1)managing (2)manageable (3)managed
(4)to manage (5)quitted (6)quit(quitted)
6．What I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.(p.18)
我的的确确知道的是，我女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。
I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.(p.18)
我这样希望是因为我想你也能跟我一样过健康长寿的生活。
“does /do/did ＋ 动词原形 ”表示强调，意思是“真的、 的确、 一定、务必”。
?即学即练
将下列句子译成英语。
(1)毫无疑问， 他的确出色地完成了任务。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)明天你可一定要早点来。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)There was no doubt that he did do a good job.
(2)Do come early tomorrow.
7．It isn't easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.(p.19)
戒烟并不容易，但许许多多的人都成功地戒掉了烟，那么你也能。
?思维拓展
so can you是倒装句式。so/ neither/ nor放在句首，表示前者情况也适用于后者。so you can是自然语序。后一句单纯重复前句的内容，对其进行肯定和附和，译作“确实”。
?即学即练
完成下列对话。
(1)－I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
－____________(你是提醒过)．
(2)－My room gets very cold at night.
－____________(我的房间也是这样)．
答案：(1)So you did (2)So does mine
8．Decide on a day to quit.(p.19)
确定一个开始的日子。
decide on sth.决定某事
?即学即练
将下列句子译成汉语。
(1)You have to decide on your own career now.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)Have you decided on a date for the wedding?
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)你现在得为自己的事业作决定了。
(2)你定下了婚礼的日期了吗？
9．If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.(p.19)
如果你因意志薄弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
?词语链接
ashamed adj.为……感到羞耻/惭愧
feel/be ashamed of 为……感到羞耻
feel/be ashamed to do sth.不好意思做某事
?思维拓展
注意下列各例句中单词的意思。
(1)It is a shame you can't stay for dinner.
很遗憾你不能留下来吃晚饭。
(2)If he does anything shameful,_I will not go away with him.(adj.可耻的，不光彩的)
如果他做了不光彩的事，我不会放过他的。
(3)You should never be in company with a shameless liar.(adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的)
你绝不应该与无耻的说谎者为伍。
(4)He felt ashamed_that he was not able to answer the question.(adj.不好意思，羞愧)
不能答出那个问题他觉得很羞愧。
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)She ______________(觉得很羞愧) that she didn't pass the exam again.
(2)You should ____________(感到羞耻) yourself for telling such lies.
(3)I'm ____________(不好意思说) that I haven't been to church for three years.
(4)It's ____________(可耻) of you to pretend to be ill when others are working hard.
(5)____________(真可惜) it is that we have missed such a good chance!
答案：(1)felt ashamed (2)feel ashamed of
(3)ashamed to say (4)shameful (5)What a shame
10．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.(p.19)
每当你想吸烟时，提醒自己你已是不吸烟的人了。
?词语链接
feel like (doing) sth.想要(做)某事
would like to do sth.想要(做)某事
?即学即练
用feel like，would like填空。
(1)I don't have an appetite these days and don't __________ eating at all.
(2)He ____________ smoking a cigarette.
(3)After the long journey, he was worn out and __________ to have a good rest.
(4)I ____________ a cup of tea.
答案：(1)feel like (2)feels like (3)would like
(4)would like/feel like
11．in spite of (＝despite, regardless of) 不管，尽管，不顾
in spite of是介词短语，后面跟名词或动名词。
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)______________________( 不顾父亲的反对), she decided to marry the poor fellow.
(2)__________________________(尽管在世界杯中败北), the team wasn't discouraged at all.
答案：(1)In spite of her father's objection
(2)In spite of losing the match in the World Cup
12．take a risk/risks 冒险
at risk 有危险，冒风险
take a risk/risks 冒险
run the risk (of doing sth.)(做某事) 冒可能的危险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
You can't get rich without taking risks.人不冒险不富。
?即学即练
完成下列句子。
(1)Experts have been warning for some time of the ______________(健康危害) caused by passive smoking(被动吸烟)．
(2)The whole future of the company is ______________(受到威胁)．
(3)Anyone travelling without a passport__________________________(冒着被捕的危险)．
(4)No one would __________________(冒险把所有的钱投入到股票上) like you.
(5)If your race car isn't insured, you may__________________(冒险失去一切) when it hits something solid.
答案：(1)health risks (2)at risk (3)runs the risk of being arrested (4)risk putting all his money in the stock market
(5)risk losing everything
13．get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
be in the habit of 养成……的习惯
fall into the habit of 养成……的习惯
form the habit of 形成……的习惯
break the habit of 改变……习惯
kick the habit of 改变……习惯
out of habit 出于习惯
?即学即练
选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)I did it only __________．I didn't mean any harm.
(2)He ____________ smoking following his father's example.
(3)We don't want the children ________________ watching a lot of TV.
(4)He determined ________________ getting up late.
答案：(1)out of habit (2)got/fell into the habit of
(3)to get into the habit of (4)to kick/break the habit of
14．长难句结构分析
(1).,)
(全句结构为：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
这是一个并列复合句。动词tell后跟两个that引导的宾语从句，注意第二个that不可以省略。
(2).,)
(全句结构为：主语＋系动词＋表语)
这是一个复合句。What I did know 是主语从句，that 引导的是表语从句，其中thought后跟宾语从句I smelt terrible。
(3)，,)so .,)
全句结构为：so连接两个并列句，前后主句中分别有一个宾语从句。
(4)，,)
.,)
?即学即练
模仿造句，并分析句子成分。
(1)我女友说如果我不戒烟她不会再跟我约会了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)
.,)
(2)让Mary感到惊讶的是她儿子的数学老师认为他没有希望。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
.,)
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The doctor warned me not to drink ________ (alcohol) drinks.
2．Though he was a new man，he got ________(accustom) to the way of life here very soon.
3．The doors opened ________ (automatic) as we approached.
4．People can easily become ________ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them.
5．Some ________(adolescent) have got into the habit of taking drugs.
6．What he has done ________(disappoint) her a lot.
7．A ________ is going to be invited to give us a talk about the ________ industry.(chemistry)
答案：1．alcoholic 2.accustomed 3.automatically
4．mentally 5.adolescents
6．disappoints/has disappointed
7．chemist；chemical
二、词语活用
1．用与addict相关的词语完成下列小段落。
His father (1)________(沉溺于) gambling and his mother (2) ____________(也开始对看韩剧着迷)．How can such a family raise a useful person to society?
答案：(1)is addicted to (2)becomes addicted to Korean TV series
2．用shame, shameful, shameless, ashamed自编一个小段落。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：What a shame it was for her to cheat so many gentlemen，showing her extraordinary beautiful appearance.We all agreed that what the shameless woman did was shameful and she should feel ashamed of her shameless conduct.However，any man with common sense could see through her trick.Then why were these gentlemen cheated? Wasn't it a shame that so many gentlemen should have lost their common sense?
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．I ________(just learn) that you're going to set up a new company.
2．It seems ________(amaze) that my mother is able to climb to the top of the mountain in her late eighties.
3．I'm sorry to hear that you ________(begin) smoking some time ago.
4．If you get ________(accustom) to nicotine, you may feel uneasy without it.
5．I had to admit that the problem was difficult ________(solve)．
6．When my girl friend said my clothes smelt, I knew it was time I ________(quit) smoking.
7．The baby was crying loudly while __________________________________________________________
(inject)．
8．I'll go out for a walk while he feels like __________________________________________________________
(play) football.
9．She ________(ban) from athletics for two years after failing a drug test.
10．Those who eat wild animals risk ________(infect) with this terrible disease.
答案：1．have just learned 2.amazing 3.began
4．accustomed 5.to solve 6.quitted 7.injected
8．playing 9.was banned 10.being infected
四、运用括号内的词组，将下列句子译成英语
1．我们所有的成就都应归功于他的支持。(due to)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：All our achievements are due to his support.
2. 我们认为他不再会沉溺于电脑游戏。( be addicted to)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：We think he will not be addicted to computer games any longer.
3. 让我们集思广益，决定一项行动计划。( decide on)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Let’s put our heads together and decide on a plan of action.
4. 虽然我有时会觉得这是在找麻烦，但是通常并不会这样。(feel like)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Although sometimes I feel like bothering, as often as not I don’t.
5. 诺拉变得习惯于依赖丈夫。(depend on)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Nora grew accustomed to depending on her husband.
第五学时 Writing
健康——健康生活
【写作素材】
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
1．吸烟是个坏习惯。首先，吸烟不仅危害吸烟者的健康，而且影响周围不吸烟者的健康。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Smoking is a bad habit.Firstly, smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers, but also affects the health of non-smokers around them.
2．其次，香烟很贵。吸烟者不得不花很多钱购买香烟，很浪费钱。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Secondly, cigarettes are very expensive.Smokers have to spend a lot of money buying them, which is a waste of money.
3．再次，因为吸烟者的粗心大意，可能会发生火灾，造成巨大的生命和财产损失。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Thirdly, because of the smokers' carelessness, there can be fires which result in a great loss of life and property.
4．此外，我们青少年没有收入，没有吸烟的权利。如果染上这种坏习惯，事情将更加糟糕。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Besides, we are teenagers and have no income.We have no right to smoke.It will be even worse if we get into the bad habit.
【连句成篇】
可选用first of all，定语从句，because of，besides等将以上句子连成一篇短文。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Smoking is a bad habit.First of all，smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers，but also affects the health of non-smokers around them.Secondly，cigarettes are very expensive.Smokers have to spend a lot of money buying them，which is a waste of money.Thirdly，because of the smokers' carelessness，there can be fires which result in a great loss of life and property.Besides，we are teenagers and have no income.We have no right to smoke.It will be even worse if we get into the bad habit.
【短文改错】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
HIV is spread through blood or fluid that the body make during sex. For an person to become infecting, blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One days scientists will find the cure for HIV/AIDS. Until that happened, you need to protect you. Here is some things you can do to make sure you stay safety.
答案：HIV is spread through blood or ∧,the) fluid that the body during sex.For person to become ， blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.One scientists will find cure for HIV/AIDS.Until that ， you need to protect .Here some things you can do to make sure you stay .
如何回复建议信
?技巧点拨
写回复建议信时，首先要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点。
1．要素要齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一样，通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可以省略。
2．态度要诚恳而有礼貌。不管对方提出的建议对自己是否可行，都应该认真对待并对对方表示感谢。
3．客观分析，表明态度。对对方提出的建议要准确理解、认真分析，然后结合自己的实际情况表明自己的态度是接受还是拒绝。
4．简明扼要，以理服人。在说明自己接受尤其是拒绝对方建议的原因时，一定要语气柔和，逻辑分明，重点突出，做到纳拒有理。
?常用表达
1．首段：引出问题。
I am sorry you have had so much trouble in...
You have asked for my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.
I feel greatly honored to be trusted...
2．主体：提出提议。
In my opinion，you would be wise to take the following action.
First of all，...；Meanwhile，...；In addition...
It's important for you to...
3．结尾：提出期望。
Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
Where there is a will，there is a way.
Don't lose heart，whatever happens.
I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
Please let me know if I can help further.
假如你是李华，你跟你的朋友Paul聊天，他表示学习压力很大，请你给他写封信，给他提一些建议。
1．将自己的问题告诉老师和同学，请求得到他们的帮助。
2．不要总想着考试成绩，要多想想自己在哪些方面进步了，这样就会给自己自信。
3．多做运动，运动可以帮助自己缓解压力，并且有助于睡眠。
4．你对他的祝福。
注意：1.词数：100左右。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．开头语和结束语已为你写好。
Dear Paul，
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
答案：Dear_Paul，
I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from just because the problem you are facing is very common among us students.Here are some suggestions for you.
Firstly, I suggest you communicate your trouble with your teachers and classmates so as to get help from them.Secondly, you are not supposed to think about your exams all the time, which only makes you more stressed out.Instead, you should think about the progress you have made in your study, which will surely increase your own confidence.In addition, it would be better for you to do more exercise in your spare time to relieve your stress because sports will also help you sleep better at night.
I hope you will get out of your trouble sooner and live happily.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
第四学时 Grammar
[观察领悟]
观察领悟下列句子，注意“it”的用法。
1．It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under a big tree at the end of the garden.
2．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
3．It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old!
4．...and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
5．Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
6．This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
7．I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.
8. It is not easy to stop smoking.
[自我总结]
1．it用于指时间、距离和自然现象等，如句子__________。
2．it用作形式主语，代替动词不定式，动名词或从句，如句子____________。
3．it作形式宾语 ，如句子____________。
4．it用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，如句子__________。
答案：1．1、3 2.2、5、7、8 3.4 4.6
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1．指动物和植物。
Look at that bird. It always comes to my window.
看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2．指代无生命的东西。
This is my watch. It's made in Switzerland.
这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。
Well，you mustn't play on the road. It's dangerous!
哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
—Who is knocking at the door?
—It's me.
——谁在敲门？
——是我。
2．指说话者心目中的那个人。
—Look，someone is coming. Who can it be?
—It may be the headmaster.
——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
——可能是校长。
3．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
—Who's that?
—Is it Helen?
—Yes，I think you're right. It's Helen.
——那人是谁？
——是海伦吗？
——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1．表示时间。
—What's the date?
—It's the third of March.
——今天是几月几日？
——今天是3月3日。
2．表示距离。
It's only five minutes' walk from here.
离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3．表示自然现象。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
4．表示环境、形势等。
If it's convenient，I can see you tomorrow.
如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，代替动词不定式，动名词或从句
1．It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的，可能，肯定……)”。
It is very clear that he doesn't like it.＝That he doesn't like it is very clear.
很清楚他不喜欢它。
2．It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉……)”。
It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3．It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是(正是)……的时候了”。
It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed.
孩子们该睡了。
4．It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为“是第一(二)……次做……”。
It is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次到这里来。
5．It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
6．It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
看来他再过几天才能回来。
7．It be＋adj.(kind，nice，brave，clever，stupid...) of sb.＋to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的)。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb.is＋adj.＋to do sth.
It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so.
你这么说真是太善良了。
8．It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb.to do sth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural等；easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9．It takes sb.some time to do sth.
做某事要花费某人一些时间。
It took me five days to solve the problem.
解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10．It costs sb.some money to do sth.
做某事要花费某人一些钱。
It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer.
买这台电脑花了我父亲5 000元。
11．It's up to sb.to do sth.应由某人(负责)做……
It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.
做不做这份工作由你决定。
12．It's useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth.
该句型常译为“做……也是徒然的/没有益处的”，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
It's no use arguing with her.
跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1．用于 “主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语” 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
I think it important that we should keep calm.
我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.
我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
I make it a rule that I read English every morning.
每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2．用于“主语＋及物动词＋宾语”句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
(1)appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
我认为你会很快离开上海。
The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident.
报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
(2)answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。
I am counting on it that you will come.
我期待你会来。
一、同义句转换(用it改写句子)
1．To know your limitations is important.
________________________________________________________________________
答案： It is important to know your limitations.
2．Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
________________________________________________________________________
答案： It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.
3.How many people are to come is still a question.
________________________________________________________________________
答案： It is still a question how many people are to come.
4．What he meant was clear enough.
_______________________________________________________________________
答案： It was clear enough what he meant.
5．The harvest happened to be bad that year.
________________________________________________________________________
答案： It happened that the harvest was bad that year.
6．People say that there has been an earthquake in Japan.
________________________________________________________________________
答案： It is said that there has been an earthquake in Japan.
7．That he is still alive is a wonder.
________________________________________________________________________
答案： It is a wonder that he is still alive.
8．To do that is against the law.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is against the law to do that.
二、翻译下列句子
1．我们买了一所新房子但搬进去之前还需要很多工作。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：We bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before we can move in.
2．从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。
_______________________________________________________________________
答案：It is a long way from my school to the hospital.
3．寻找回家的路不容易。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It won't be easy finding our way home.
4．我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.
5．报告表明没有人要对这次意外负责。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident.
三、语法填空
The best place for a summer holiday is the seaside.Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea，but for the others who do not，1.________ week or two at one of the biggest seaside towns is 2.________they will talk about for the whole of the 3.________ (follow) year.
In England，it is not only the rich 4.________ can take their children to the seaside；if a factory worker or a bus driver，a street cleaner or a waiter (want) to take his wife and children to Southend or Margate，he is usually quite able to do so.Now，6.________ is it that children like so much about the seaside？I think it is the sand，the sea and the sun more than any other things.Of course，there are lots of exciting things 7.________(see)，and to do，but it is the feeling of sand under feet，of salt water on one's skin，and of the warm sun on one's back 9.________ makes the seaside what is!
1.解析： a week or two一两个星期。
答案：a
2．that 3.following 4.who 5.wants 6.what
7．解析：不定式作后置定语与后面的to do并列。
答案：to see
8．one's
9．解析：这是强调句型it is...that...
答案：that
10．it
四、单句改错
1. Susan made this clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：this→it
2. I'd appreciate you if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：you→it
3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making one the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：one→it
4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find that difficult to tell one from the other.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：that→it
5. They are good friends. There is no wonder that they know each other so well.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：There→It
