译林版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Out of This World Grammar and usage 讲解学案（无答案）

B3U2 Grammar and Usage 讲解
Subject clauses
Ⅰ.What is subject
圈出下列句子中的主语
1.Celebrities' marriage is but a tool for marketing hype. 做主语
明星的婚姻只是营销炒作的工具。
2.We are not lovers any more, but we still care about each other. 做主语
我们不再是我们，我们依然是我们。
3.A billion is not a big deal for Jack Ma. 十亿对马云来说是不算什么。 做主语
小结1： 、 、 做主语
4.To break up is their final decision. 分手是他们最终的决定。 做主语
5.To post her attitude online is all she can do. 做主语
她能做的只是在网上表明自己的态度。
6.Keeping compninal is the basis to overcome difficulties. 做主语
保持镇定是克服困难的基础。
小结2： 、 做主语
7.Whether she will keep it a secret is unknown us all. 做主语
我们都不知道她会不会保守秘密。
8.What she has is nothing but money. 她穷得只剩下钱了。 做主语
9.How they got separated is a serious problem they need to rethink. 做主语
他们分手的原因是他们双方都要反思的重要问题。
小结3： 做主语
10.It is certain that he will pass the exam. 他将通过考试是肯定的。 做主语
11.Is it funny that the tall man and the short girl are a couple 做主语
这个高个子男孩和矮个子女孩居然是夫妻。这是不是很有趣呢
小结4：“ ”充当形式主语，真正的主语是 。
★结论一：能够作主语的有 、 、 、 、 、 、 。
Ⅱ.Read the article on Page 20 and find the sentences with subject clauses.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
★结论二：
1.We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.
我们可以使用一个名词性从句作为一个句子的主语。
2.We can use _____ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement.
当从句是陈述句时，我们可以使用 来引导。
3.We can use __ _ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question.
当从句是一般疑问句时，我们可以使用 来引导。
4.We can use to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh-question.
当从句是特殊疑问句时，我们可以使用 来引导。
5.We often use ______ as the preparatory subject when a subject is very long.
当主语很长的时候，我们可以使用 代替主语充当形式主语。
Ⅲ.主语从句的语序
判断下列句子的语序是否正确
1.That the earth moves around the sun is well known. .
2.Whether he will come or not is not known yet. .
3. Where we will have a picnic should be discussed. .
Where will we have a picnic should be discussed. .
4. How we go for a picnic should be discussed. .
How do we go for a picnic should be discussed. .
★结论三：主语从句应使用_________语序。
Ⅳ. 主语从句的连接词
一、that 引导的主语从句
1. Lucy was admitted to the university made us very happy.
露西被这所大学录取了，我们非常开心。
2. theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
理论必须与实践相结合是我们应该永远牢记的一项原则。
★结论四： 在主语从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义，只起连接作用，但通常不能省略。
二、whether/if 引导的主语从句
用whether/ if 填空
1.①. _________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
②. It’s uncertain __________ he’ll come this evening.
小结1：主语从句位于 时，用 ；主语从句位于 时，用 ；
③. What he is not sure is _________ you will leave.
小结2：表语从句、同位语从句用 ；
④. He doesn’t know _____________ you will leave.
小结3：宾语从句中用 ；
2.①. _________ or not he will come still remains a question.
②. It makes no difference _______ you will go today or tomorrow.
③. __________ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
小结4：从句中有or或or not时，用 ；
3. ____ you work hard, you are sure to succeed.
小结5：条件状语从句用 .
★结论五：
1. 在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”;
2.whether和if的区别：
1). 主语从句位于 时，用 ；主语从句位于 时，用 ；
2). 表语从句、同位语从句用 ；
3). 宾语从句中用 ；
4). 从句中有or或or not时，用 ；
5). 条件状语从句用 .
三、连接代词引导的主语从句
用恰当的连接代词填空
1. broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 昨天是谁打破的玻璃还不清楚。
2. breaks the law should be punished. 任何人触犯法律都应受到惩罚。
3. I really need at present is your understanding and support.
我现在真正需要的是你的理解和支持。
4. was said here must be kept secret. 这里所说的一切都必须保密。
5. car is there is unknown. 谁的车在那里没人知道。
6. car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你选择买哪辆车没有什么区别。
★结论六 ：
连接代词 指人/指物 在名词性从句中充当的成分
四、连接副词引导的主语从句
用恰当的连接副词填空
1. they will come hasn‘t been made public. 他们什么时候来还没有公布。
2. he has gone is a question. 他去哪里了是个问题。
3. there is gravity is hard to understand. 为什么这里有重力难于理解。
4. he can earn a living in Britain remains a big problem. 他怎样在英国谋生仍旧是一个大问题。
★结论七 ：
连接副词 在名词性从句中充当的成分
五、it作形式主语
(1). It+be+形容词+主从.
形容词: obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain…
1. is obvious you've made a big mistake.显然，你犯了一个大错。
2. She works so hard. is certain she will do very well in the exam.
她学习很用功。她一定会在这次考试中考得很好。
3. is unknown to us all will tell us the latest information.
我们都不知道谁会告诉我们最新信息。
(2). It+be+名词短语+ that从句.
名词短语：no wonder，an honor，a pity，good news，no surprise，a fact，a shame …
1. He stayed up till midnight last night. he feels so sleepy today.
昨晚他熬夜到午夜。难怪他今天感觉这么困。
2. she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误真是遗憾。
3. our team has won the game.
our team has won the game. 我们队赢了这场比赛不足为奇。
(3). It+be+过去分词+ that 从句.
过去分词: said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，agreed， suggested…
1. about 20 % of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
据说，有大约20%的25岁至34岁的人和他们的父母住在一起，相比于1991年的16%。
2. no passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道，这起事故中没有乘客受伤。
注意：当过去分词是suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等表示建议、要求、命令等的词语时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用"should+动词原形"的形式，should可以省略。
1. It is suggested that the meeting .
有人建议会议延期举行。
(4). It+不及物动词+ that 从句.
不及物动词：seem, happen, appear, look, occur, turn out …
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起…
It seems/ appears that ... 看起来...
1. they were out that day. 碰巧那天他们不在家。
(5). It+及物动词+宾语+ that 从句.
及物动词：worry, shock …
1. he failed in this exam. 他没通过考试，震惊到我了。
★结论八：
1). It+be+形容词+主从.
形容词: obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain…
2). It+be+名词短语+ that从句.
名词短语：no wonder，an honor，a pity，good news，no surprise，a fact，a shame …
3). It+be+过去分词+ that 从句.
过去分词: said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，agreed， suggested…
注意：当过去分词是suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等表示建议、要求、命令等的词语时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用"should+动词原形"的形式，should可以省略。
4). It+不及物动词+ that 从句.
不及物动词：seem, happen, appear, look, occur, turn out …
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起…
It seems/ appears that ... 看起来...
5). It+及物动词+宾语+ that 从句.
及物动词：worry, shock …
六、谓语动词的数
用be动词的恰当形式填空
1. Who won the match _____ still unknown.
2. What you said ______ perfectly true.
3. When and why he will leave there _____ unknown.
4. What you said and what you did ______all right.
5. What she lacks ______ experience.
6. What we need ______ more books.
★结论九：
1).一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用 形式；
2).一个主语从句的几个方面谓语动词用 形式；
3).多个主语从句后的谓语动词用 形式；
4). 引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由 决定。
即时训练 用be动词的恰当形式填空
1. Whether the patient will be taken ______ unknown.
2. When and where the patient will be taken _____ unknown.
3. When the task can be finished and whether he can have a rest ________ unknown.
4. What he wants most _________ staying with his family.
What they need _______ masks(口罩).