【名师导航】2024年中考英语语法总复习专题精讲精练—动词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第02讲 动词和动词短语（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 近三年年中考考情分析
三 网络构建 知识点头脑风暴
五 动词和动词短语的考向 动词的分类实义动词连系动词4.助动词5.动词的基本形式6.高频动词短语7.提升必考题型归纳
六 真题感悟 中考动词和动词短语经典考题
【复习目标】
掌握动词的词义辨析
掌握动词的分类
掌握连系动词和助动词的用法
掌握动词的基本形式
掌握高频动词短语的辨析
【考情分析】
近年中考真题动词（短语）考点细目表
行为词义辨析 1.take（2023·江西·统考中考真题） 2.keep（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）3.exercise（2023·天津·中考真题） 4.expect（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）5.stepped（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）6.moved（2023·青海·统考中考真题）
系动词 tastes（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）looks（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）taste（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）
助动词 1.did （2023·新疆·中考真题）2.Has （2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）
动词短语 get up（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题） put up（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）gets on well with（2023·天津·统考中考真题）worked out（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）turn off（2023·云南·统考中考真题）depends on（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）get along with（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）take after（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）know about（2023·福建·统考中考真题）
近几年动词（短语）题型命题规律
【网络构建】
考向一 动词的分类
动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in 我可以进来吗？
考向二 实义动词
实义动词
分类 用法 例句
及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practices playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语，接宾语时前面一定要带上介词 He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳
考向三 连系动词
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
考向四 助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
考向五 动词的基本形式
形式 规则变化 例句
一般现在时第三人称单数 一般情况在动词后直接加-s look→looks；work→works
以o、x、sh、ch、s(哦，蟋蟀吃屎)结尾的动词，后加-es catch→catches；go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es study→studies；try→tries
现在分词（直去双改） 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing read→reading；go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing see →seeing；toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing love→loving；write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing cut→cutting；put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing die→dying；lie→lying
过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked；help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d like→liked；live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried；study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned
考向六 高频动词短语归纳
构成方式 常见短语
动词+冠词+名词 give a concert开音乐会，give a test进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，take a risk冒险
动词+名词 catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词 make contributions to对……做贡献，make room for给……腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词 come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词 bring... to mind使想起，put... into use应用，take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词 come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，run out of用完
注意：不及物动词则不能直接跟宾语，常见的不及物动词有：
agree同意 arrive到达 come来
die死 exist存在 fall掉下
spread传开 happen发生 lie平躺
stay待 last持续 rise升起
remain剩下 consist由......组成 go去
课堂练习
单项选择
1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Mr Smith was ________ to be a doctor but he became a teacher when he grew up.
A．thought B．supposed C．suggested D．reminded
2．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）This T-shirt is very nice, but it ________ too much.
A．spends B．pays C．takes D．costs
3．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）—Jerry looks so tired. He works too hard.
—He has to ________ a family of four on his own.
A．provide B．raise C．support
4．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）— Good luck with your exams!
—The same to you. I hope we both ________.
A．agree B．pass C．fail D．join
5．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）This kind of tea has been well ________ by people, especially people who care for their health and beauty.
A．sensed B．honored C．accepted D．drunk
6．（2023·福建厦门·三模）—What is our mom cooking in the kitchen
—Fish, I guess. How nice it ________!
A．looks B．tastes C．smells
7．（2023·海南海口·统考二模）Your idea ________ good. Let’s give it a try and see if it will work.
A．looks B．smells C．sounds
8．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考三模）The painting is interesting. The people in it ___________ real.
A．seem B．sound C．look D．feel
9．（2023·天津·统考二模）—________ you ever ________ any prizes in a speaking competition before
—No, I haven’t.
A．Do; win B．Did; win C．Will; win D．Have; won
10．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Is your phone out of order
—No. Why
—I tried calling you but couldn’t ________.
A．go through B．get through C．pass through D．put through
11．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Who will ________ the company when Mr. Smith gets old
A．take over B．take up C．take off D．take in
12．（2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测）I will ________ a hobby in the coming summer vacation to improve myself.
A．look up B．set up C．take up D．put up
13．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—How did you deal with your spoken English in the past
—I ________ have problems with pronunciation at first. Later in Grade Seven, I ________ reading after the tape every day.
A．used to, am used to B．used to, got used to C．was used to, was used to
14．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）In order to make my life more colorful, I plan to ________ a new hobby like painting or growing flowers when I am free.
A．take up B．put on C．get off
15．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州模拟预测）Another new book written by my favorite writer will ________ next month.
A．come out B．come on C．come up
真题演练
1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）We are supposed to ________ our hand before we speak in class.
A．put up B．put out C．put down D．put away
2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The teacher tells students to ________ new words in a dictionary.
A．look after B．look up C．look for
3．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）— The hair product is being ________ at present.
— You mean if it’s up to the standard, it will be put on the market soon.
A．used B．tested C．shown D．sold
4．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）— Sally ________ into the role of our group leader.
— Really I’m expecting fresh air and new ideas from her.
A．ran B．broke C．stepped D．looked
5．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Hard to believe. Luke won the school speech contest!
—He used to be shy, but his friends’ support ________ his confidence.
A．took away B．made up C．put away D．built up
6．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Our parents often ________ us not to talk with strangers on the Internet.
—That’s true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves.
A．warn B．invite C．control D．promise
7．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Do you know the astronaut Wang Yaping
—Sure. She is a great woman who can ________ her dreams. I really look up to her.
A．pay for B．stick to C．lay out D．set out
8．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）I ________ at 6 a. m. so I can leave for school at 7 a. m..
A．get up B．put up C．take after D．get on
8．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）That was the best meal I’ve ________.
A．ever been to B．ever chatted with C．ever read D．eaten in a long time
10．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in
11．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Paper cut-outs of “double happiness” are often ________ in the married couple’s home to bring good wishes.
A．put back B．put up C．put on D．put off
12．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）We don’t ________ much from the kids because they can’t understand the value of this work.
A．express B．excuse C．expect D．explain
13．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）—______ I join the volunteer program on weekends
—Of course you can.
A．Can B．Must C．Should
14．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）To keep healthy, Daming’s grandparents ________ in a park every day.
A．exercise B．cough C．sleep D．wait
15．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.
A．takes part in B．gets on well with
C．gets into trouble with D．keeps clear of
16．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）—Hello! Can I speak to Jenny, please
—Sorry, she isn’t in. Can I ________ a message
A．take B．read C．check D．receive
17．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Our team ________ what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time.
A．gave up B．worked out C．turned down D．took away
18．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）It’s a good habit to ________ the lights when you leave a room.
A．turn down B．turn up C．turn off D．turn on
19．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）It’s a good habit to ________ the lights when you leave a room.
A．turn down B．turn up C．turn off D．turn on
20．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—Ms. White, I am sad that I didn’t pass the test.
—Keep trying. Success ________ hard work.
A．depends on B．gives away C．leads to
参考答案
真题演练
1-5ABBCD 6-10ABADD 11-15 BCAAB 16-20ABCCA
中考对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词短语的辨析，尤其是在特定语境中的应用，动词和动词短语的熟词生义等。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力，在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义，注意一词多义和熟词生义；养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
对动词和动词短语的考查常出现在中考试题中的单项选择、完形填空、语法填空和书面表达中。在语篇型填空中，给出动词，要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2024年的中考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)