牛津译林版（2019）选修第一册Unit 1 Our living planet知识清单学案（无答案）

选修一Unit 1 知识清单
重要单词讲解
evolve vi. & vt. 进化，演化；（使）逐渐形成，逐步发展，逐渐演变
evolve from 从……进化/演化而来
evolve into 逐步发展成为……
evolution n. 进化；演变，发展，渐进 [u]
The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.
这家公司已逐步发展成为一家大型的化工厂。
2. capture vt. 俘获，捕获；用武力夺取，攻取；夺得，赢得；引起，吸引
n.（被）捕获，（被）俘获
capture one’s attention/interest/imagination 引起某人的注意/兴趣/想象
capture one’s heart 赢得某人的好感/爱意
Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 意为：俘获
Nanjing was captured by the Japanese troops in 1937. 意为：攻取
3. scarce adj. 缺乏的，稀少的
scarcely adv. 勉强，刚；几乎不，简直不
scarcely had sb done when sb did 刚一……就……
他刚放下电话，门铃就响了。
He had scarcely laid down his phone when the doorbell rang.
Scarcely had he laid down his phone when the doorbell rang.
await vt. 即将发生在，降临到某人头上；等候，等待
await sb=wait for sb. 等候某人
A warm welcome awaits all our guests. 我们的客人都将受到热烈的欢迎。
5. leap n. 跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增
vt. & vi. 跳，跳跃；猛冲，突然做（某事）；
骤增，猛涨 (leapt-leapt）
a leap year 闰年
Look before you leap 三思而后行
They leapt to their feet. 他们立即站了起来。
The price leapt from...to...价格猛涨...
6. spin vi. & vt. （使）快速旋转；（使）急转身，急转弯；纺线，纺纱 (spun-spun)
n. 高速旋转 [c/u]
My head is spinning. 我觉得天旋地转。
7. lay down 积存；规定，制定；放下，停止使用；
1) It is laid down that all candidates must submit three copies of their dissertation.据规定
2) If you eat too much, the surplus（营养过剩)） is laid down as fat. 积存
3) She laid the book down on the table. 放下
8. crack vt./vi. 砸开，砸碎；破裂，裂开；猛击；（使）发出爆裂声
n. 裂缝，缝隙；爆裂声
crack a nut 把坚果砸开
His face cracked into a smile.他的脸绽出笑容。
9. close up（使）变狭窄；（使）靠拢，靠紧；（尤指临时）关门停业，锁上门
（伤口）愈合；避而不谈（思想感情）
1) Every time he tried to speak, his throat closed up with fear. 意为：变狭窄
2) Traffic was heavy and cars were closing up behind each other. 意为：靠拢，靠紧
3) Why don’t we close up and go out for lunch 意为：关门停业，锁上门
4) She closed up when I asked about her family. 意为：避而不谈（思想感情）
5) The soldier’s wound is close to closing up. 意为：（伤口）愈合
6) The entrance to the train station was closed up following the explosion.
爆炸发生后随即封锁了火车站入口。
10. thrive vi. 茁壮成长，蓬勃发展
thriving adj. 欣欣向荣的，兴旺发达的
重要短语
the unknown 未知的人或物
remain unshakeable/to be explored 保持不动摇/有待被探索
beneath the waves 在海洋之下
spot a meal （spotted） 发现食物
in equal/some/ full measure 在同等程度上/在某种程度上/在最大限度上
rely/depend solely on 仅仅依靠
avoid being caught 避免被抓住
increase the chance of reproduction 增加繁殖的几率
evolve fascinating survival characteristics 进化了神奇的生存特征
it was thought that 有人认为
it is widely accepted that 普遍认为
it is estimated that 据估计
it is laid down that 据规定
far from boring 远不无聊
be fascinated by 对...着迷
adapt (oneself) to 适应
with so much of the oceans left to to explore 有如此多的海洋有待去探索
spare no effort in/to do sth 不遗余力做某事
pave the way for 为...铺平道路
obtain new insights into sth 获得对...的新理解
be replaced with the revised expression 被修改后的表达所取代
orbit the sun 绕太阳轨道运行
spin around its axis 围绕它的轴运转
come about 发生
arise out of/from 由...引起
with regard to 关于
to put it simply 简单地说
impact on/affect/influence 对...有影响
at the quickest rate 以...最快的速度
as yet 直到现在
the intense pressure and heat 高压、高温
cast/throw/shed light on 使...较为容易理解...
look at exciting possibilities 研究令人兴奋的可能性
lead to enlightening discoveries 带来启发人心的的发现
重要句型
1. Also living in the twilight zone ___________(be) hunters with telescopic, upward-pointing eyes that can easily spot a meal in the waters above.
__________(arise) out of the changing length of a day is the question how this might affect human beings.
Of the many strange geological formations to be found here are rock bridges which cross the Trench, some__________(reach) a height of 2,500metres above the Challenger Deep.
Evolution, it seems, helps both the hunter and the hunted ____________equal measure!
With over 95% of its core components ______________(produce) solely by China, it has paved the way for deeper and broader undersea exploration in the future.
Knowing that life can exist in these extreme conditions has changed scientific opinion about the chances of there____________(be) life elsewhere in the universe.
In recent years,____________has been widely accepted that human activity is now impacting on the world's climate.
Under the oceans lies the ____________(hide) evidence for the changing lengths of days and years.
Seldom do we doubt （that） a day is 24 hours long and ________ a year consists of 365 days.
____________(Base) on all this evidence, not only __________scientists conclude that the lengths of days and years have changed in past eras, they also predict that days will get longer in the future.
So powerful are some earthquakes __________they are believed to alter the Earth’s mass.