牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit4 Fun with Science Grammar and composition含蓄虚拟语气（二）导学案（答案不全）

虚拟语气（二）
（一）在英语中，表示假想或非真实情况，而不表示客观存在的事实时，常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见于含有条件状语从句的句子中。
虚拟语气 条件状语从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 过去式或 were to / should+动词原形 would/should/ could/ might+动词原形
（二）有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄条件句。
一．常用的这类词或短语有: without, with, but for, otherwise, or
I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
We __________________(put) John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ___________________(visit) more places of interest yesterday.
二．虚拟语气用于名词性从句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
对将来的愿望 would/ could+动词原形
Point 1 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法
--Where are the children The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
--I wish they weren't always late.
I wish I______________(tell) him the way to the supermarket.
I wish you ______________(go) with us tomorrow.
Point 2 在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：一坚持: ___________; 二命令: order, _________; 四建议: suggest, advise, _____________, recommend;五要求: require, ___________, ___________, desire , urge
The graduate insisted that he ______________(go) to work in the south.
The leaders ordered that a fact-finding group _____________________(form).
【特别注意】当suggest意为“暗示，表明”, insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money.
Point 3 表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。常见的这类名词有: advice demand desire idea motion order plan proposal request suggestion
His demand is that the boy（should) go with them.
We agreed to the order that the task ____________________(complete) before 5 o' clock.
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在/将来事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
Point 4 在would rather后的宾语从句中：
I would rather I _________(leave) now.
I would rather you_________ (come) next month.
I would rather he _______________(pass) the exam yesterday.
虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might+动词原形
Point 1 虚拟语气用于as if/ as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
You treat them as if they _______(be) your parents.
He acted as though nothing ________________(happen).
They talked and talked as if they ________________(not meet) again.
Point 2 在It's (high/ about) time(that)...句型中，that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用过去式(did) 或“ should+动词原形”( should不能省略), 意为“该是…的时候了”
Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ______________(do) something instead of just talking.
It is time that you____________________(go) to bed, Tom.
Point 3 虚拟语气用于 if only引导的条件句或感叹句
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式或(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与将来事实相反 would/ could+动词原形
If only I were younger now!
If only you ___________________(work) with greater care!
If only I_____________(go) to the moon one day!
Point 4 虚拟语气用在it is (high/about) time that….句型中，that引导的从句中谓语动词用__________________________. It is high time we _____(play) games.
Point 5如果表示说话人的看法或意见，在句型 It is /was+adj+that从句中，主语从句可用虚拟语气，主语从句谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况，用should have done表示过去情况：
It is important that we（should） protect our environment every day.
It is necessary that you_______(clean) the lab before you left.
It is important that you ________(take) the doctor’s advice.
It was very strange that he _____________(leave) without saying goodbye.
巩固练习
单句语法填空
1. It’s too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I _________ (not run) that program!
2. That sounds like a close match. How I wish I _________ (watch) it as you did!
3. —Shall I tell them the bad news —No, I would rather they _________ (not know) it.
4. Had I known about that useful computer program, I _________ (save) a huge amount of time and energy.
5. Most of the top leaders expressed a common desire at the U.N. conference, one that different cultures _________ (coexist) with tolerance.
6. Don’t look in the mirror of life and wish you _________ (be) someone you’re not.
7. Without your help, I _________ (get) first prize in the English Speaking Contest.
8. If there _________ (be) a hospital nearby, the man would have been saved.
9. Have you ever been to London If you haven't been to, which sites would you visit if you _________ (get) the chance
10. If he _________ (follow) the doctor’s advice to take medicine three times a day then, he would be quite all right now.
II.单句改错
1. They advocate the proposal that we were opposed to taking a pay cut at the next meeting.
2. We'll make the final decision on our scheme. Would you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.
3. I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour; otherwise, I wouldn't kept you waiting for such a long time.
4. If we booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
5. Were it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week.
hadn't run
had watched
didn't know
would have saved
should coexist
were
couldn't/wouldn't have got
had been
got/were to get
had followed
26.were改成should be 27.Would→Should 28.在kept前加have
29.在 booked 前加 had 30.在rain前加to