高考英语 二轮专题 名词、数词 课件

(共29张PPT)
名词、数词
Step 1
Speech
Step 2
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
1. To know the usage of noun. and num.;
2. To improve the ability to solve the problem about them.
Step 3
Lead-in
[高考感悟]
1. （2023新课标卷II）Since June 2017, right before the ___________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
2.（2023新课标卷II）They also need to be ready to give ___________(interview) in English with international journalists.
3.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural __________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
arrival
interviews
wonders
[高考感悟]
4.（2023全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the __________ (six) century, B. C.
5.（2023全国甲卷）However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
6.（2023浙江1月）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic __________ (event).
sixth
warning
events
Step 4
Explanation
[考点一] 可数名词及单复数
名词
1. 不规则变化的名词复数
(1) 通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：
foot—feet 脚　 goose—geese 鹅
tooth—teeth 牙齿　 mouse—mice 老鼠
man—men 男人　 woman—women 女人
(2) 有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：
sheep—sheep 绵羊　 deer—deer 鹿
Chinese—Chinese 中国人 Japanese—Japanese 日本人
means—means 方法　 series—series 系列
species—species 物种 crossroads—crossroads 十字路口
spacecraft—spacecraft 航天器
(3) 有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：
child—children 孩子　 ox—oxen 公牛
(4)由man，woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：
gentleman—gentlemen 绅士 Englishman—Englishmen 英国男子
policeman—policemen 男警察 chairwoman—chairwomen 女主席
businessman—businessmen 商人
craftsman—craftsmen 工匠，手艺人
注意：German，human的复数形式为Germans，humans。
(5) 外来词的不规则复数形式。如：
analysis—analyses 分析　 basis—bases 基础
crisis—crises 危机　 thesis—theses 论文
medium—media 媒介物 phenomenon—phenomena 现象
criterion-criteria 标准；准则
2. 复合名词的单复数变化
(1) 中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。如：
birthday—birthdays生日　 blackboard—blackboards黑板　
bookshelf—bookshelves书架　 gentleman—gentlemen绅士
(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：
book worm—book worms　 son-in-law—sons-in-law
looker-on—lookers-on　 passer-by—passers-by　
story-teller—story-tellers
(3) 无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：
grown-up—grown-ups　 standby—standbys
(4)“man/woman＋名词”构成的合成词变复数时，man/woman和名词均变为复数。
women singers女歌手　 men servants 男仆人
(5) 常以复数形式出现的名词有thanks，congratulations，wishes，greetings，shoes，trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，instructions(指导；用法说明)，times(时代)等。
(6)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有take turns to do sth，in high spirits，make friends with，shake hands with，make preparations for，make (both) ends meet，take pains to do等。
1.不可数名词不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的有：
[考点二] 不可数名词
2. 抽象名词与a(n)连用时，淡化了抽象概念，转化为具体的动作、行为或类别。
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
3. 有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：
some coffee 一些咖啡，a coffee 一杯咖啡
three coffees 三杯咖啡；some drink 一些饮料
a drink 一杯饮料，three drinks 三杯饮料
his hair 他的头发，a few grey hairs 几根白发
glass 玻璃，a glass 一个玻璃杯。
专有名词（Proper Noun），是名词的一种，表示特定的、独一无二的人或物（人名、地名、国家名、景观名）。
人名：Tom，Peter，Mr.Yang
地名：Europe，New York，People’s Square
节日、月份、星期：Christmas，February，Saturday
注意：有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样。如：
Rose 罗斯（姓名）——rose玫瑰花
China 中国——china 陶瓷（不特指）
[考点三] 专有名词
[考点四] 名词所有格
3. 名词所有格的特殊形式
(1) 并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：
Kate and Mary’s room 凯特和玛丽共有的房间
Kate’s and Mary’s rooms 凯特和玛丽各自的房间
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：
at the doctor’s (office)在(医生的)诊所里 at the barber’s (shop)在理发店
at Mr Green’s (house)在格林先生家
Step 5
Exercise （Part 1）
高考真题练
1. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 　　 　　 (population) and homes of giant pandas. (2022新高考Ⅰ)
2. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote en-
vironmental 　　　　　 (protect). (2022全国甲)
3. China has a 　　　　　 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. (2022全国乙)
4. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you
how tiny we 　　　　　 (human) are. (2021新高考Ⅰ)
populations
protection
responsibility
humans
高考真题练
5.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 　　　　　 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.(2021全国甲)
6.Historical　　　 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. (2020新高考Ⅰ)
7.The far side of the moon is of particular 　　　　　 (interesting) to scientists
because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
(2020全国Ⅰ)
8.Filled with 　　　 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.(2020全国Ⅲ)
watchtowers
accuracy
interest
curiosity
数词
[考点] 基数词和叙述词
1. 易错基数词
thirteen十三　fourteen十四　fifteen十五　eighteen十八　nineteen十九　twenty二十　 thirty三十　 forty四十　 fifty五十　 ninety九十
2. 易错序数词
first第一　 second第二　third第三　 fourth第四　 fifth第五　
eighth第八　ninth第九　 eleventh第十一　twelfth第十二
3. 序数词的使用
(1) 序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
Monday is the second day of a week.
(2) 序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。
Would you like a second cup of tea
I had a fourth apple.
(3) 有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。
He came out first in the contest.
Step 5
Exercise （Part 2）
1.Peter got a model ship from his uncle on his __________(thirteen) birthday.
2.Two ______(three) of the students in our class have been to Disneyland.
3.Linda，there are too many mistakes in the _______(nine) line of your passage.
4.He made quite a few friends during his _________(twenty).
5.It is reported that the earthquake has left __________(thousand) of people homeless.
thirteenth
thirds
ninth
twenties
thousands
对点练习
1.Without a _______(two) thought，he agreed to join the club.
2.30% of the river _________________(pollute) by the water from the factory already and many fish have disappeared.
3.Then，when I was in the ______(five) grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
second
has been polluted
fifth
Thank you!