河南省2023-2024学年高二上期联考英语试题（含解析）

高二上期开学质量检测英语试题
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。回答
非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
There are numerous amusement parks all over the world. A famous magazine, Amusement Today, does a survey among park lovers every year both in the US and overseas, based on which, “Top 5 List of the Best Amusement Parks in the World” has come out as follows:
Disneyland, California
Disneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California, the US. More than 515 million guests have traveled to this American landmark from around the world since the park first opened to guests on July 17,1955. The park consists of many world-famous sections, such as Main Street, Adventure Land, New Orleans Square, and so on.
Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida
Magic Kingdom is a theme park within the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando opened on October 1, 1971. It is the most famous theme park in Florida. The park’s design and attractions don’t make much difference from Disneyland Park in Anaheim.
EPCOT, Disney World, Florida
EPCOT is the second theme park built at the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida. The park opened on October 1, 1982, and was named EPCOT Center from 1982 to 1993. It was the largest Disney theme park in the world until 1998, when Disney’s Animal Kingdom opened.
Disney-MGM Studios, Florida
MGM’s streets are the home for some great movie-themed attractions with a history of less than 30 years. With the addition of the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock and Roller Coaster, the park is now home to Disney World’s most thrilling rides.
Universal Studios, Florida
Go behind the scenes, beyond the screen and jump right into the action of your favorite movies at Universal Studios, the number one movie and TV theme park in the world.
21. Which park has the longest history
A. Disneyland, California. B. Disney-MGM Studios, Florida.
C. EPCOT, Disney World, Florida. D. Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida.
22. Which of the following theme parks have similar attractions
A. EPCOT & Disney-MGM. B. Disneyland & Magic Kingdom.
C. Disneyland & Universal Studios. D. Magic Kingdom & Universal Studios.
23. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To attract tourists to these theme parks.
B. To increase the sales of Amusement Today.
C. To introduce world’s best amusement parks.
D. To compare attractions in different theme parks.
B
“I want to work full-time in China, honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep. “Why ” asked the wife with surprise, in a drowsy (昏昏欲睡的) voice, from the other side of the ocean.
In the United States, he had a great future ahead. At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements. At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton.
When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China.
The news spread explosively. Many expressed confusion, many persuaded him, many made fun of him, and still many waited to have a good laugh at him.
He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person. Who doesn’t love his motherland, after all In his heart, the American dream is already something past; the Chinese dream is rising.
After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big. He formed a life science research team. Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory. He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students. His given name, Yigong, comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole-heartedly”. “So far as I’m concerned, awards are of no special meaning.” Shi says calmly. In his 18 years of study in the United States, he never forgot his Chinese dream.
In the next 18 years, the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him. 24. Why was Shi determined to return to China
A. To serve his motherland. B. To reunite with his wife.
C. To live a quieter life. D. To make more money.
25. What does the underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Wealthy. B. Miserable. C. Normal. D. Adventurous.
26. What can we know about Shi Yigong
A. His decision was well-received.
B. He doesn’t care much about fame.
C. He is the youngest professor in history.
D. His Chinese dream will be realized in 18 years.
27. Why is Shi Yigong called “Da Niu” by his Tsinghua students
A. To support his life science research. B. To praise his honesty.
C. To introduce his endless energy in work. D. To show his unusual achievements.
C
Using AI to manage customer service is a trend that we will increasingly see more of. However, that’s not to be confused with completely replacing human interaction when it comes to customer service. So what does that mean Does it mean the world of CS will soon be overrun by robots
In fact, all customer service interactions have two axes (轴): emotion and urgency. New AI tools are rapidly emerging in the support space that can address high-urgency situations quickly, but when it comes to high-emotion situations, no AI can deal with them successfully. A robot might be able to recognize you’re trying to check in for a flight that was recently canceled, but the emotional axis is entirely un-programmable. Perhaps the flyer has increasingly high emotions around the flight being canceled because she is flying to a business meeting for an important occasion. Instances like this, regardless of how small or large the case is, can create high-stress moments for the customer. Only a person can comprehend the difference.
High-stress moments are the ones that stick with(紧随) customers forever, so it’s important to have a plan in place. What separates the best companies is a keen sense for determining which customer service functions AI can handle on its own and which cases need to be handled by a human with AI assistance. For inquiries that are high on emotion, there’s no substitute for the personal touch of a human. Passengers whose luggage is lost are going to seek out an employee to help them locate their bag. Although AI can be used to locate that bag, it’s too emotional of an interaction to remove the human element.
The conversation around AI now is too focused on the question of how AI can replace agent interaction, which is missing the point. The aim of AI shouldn’t be to replace human interaction, but to improve human interaction. The question from here won’t be how far we can push AI, but how we can use our imagination to continue reinventing the problem-solving process.
28. What is the function of the first paragraph
A. A lead-in. B. A summary. C. A comment. D. A background.
29. What advantage does a real person have over AI tools
A. He can balance emotion and urgency.
B. He can handle urgency more quickly.
C. He can understand customers’ feelings well.
D. He can tell the difference of various emotions.
30. Why should companies have a plan for high-stress moments
A. High-stress moments require more AI tools.
B. High-stress moments are unforgettable for customers.
C. High-stress moments are ignored by most companies.
D. High-stress moments are very important for customers.
31. What does the author advise us to do
A. Try to invent more new AI tools. B. Pay attention to problem-solving.
C. Replace humans with new AI tools. D. Avoid making trouble for customers.
D
A recent study shows a shared genetic (基因的) ancestry for millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages(泛欧亚语系). Such languages had their origin with millet farmers who lived in an area in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago.
Millet was an important early crop as hunter-gatherers became farmers. The study’s findings show how the use of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world’s major language families.
There are 98 Transeurasian languages. Among these are Korean and Japanese as well as several Turkic languages, Mongolic languages, and Tungusic languages in Manchuria and Siberia. The language family’s beginnings were followed to ancient millet farmers in the Liao River valley, which includes parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin, as well as Inner Mongolia. As the ancient farmers moved across northeastern Asia, related languages spread into Siberia, Korea and Japan over thousands of years.
The research highlighted the complex beginnings of modern populations and cultures. The researchers studied data of vocabulary from the 98 languages. They identified a group of words related to agriculture and created a language family tree. Mark Hudson, writer of the study, said the researchers examined data from 255 archaeological sites in China, Japan, Korea and eastern Russia. They studied ancient objects including potteries, stone tools and plant and animal remains. They also included the dating of 269 ancient crop remains from different areas.
The researchers found that farmers in northeastern China eventually grew rice and wheat along with millet. The crops spread along with farming populations to Korea by about 1300 BC and from there to Japan after about 1000 BC.
The origins of modern Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion with millet also involved. While millet was grown in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language family farmed millet at roughly the same time in China’s Yellow River region, paving the way for a separate language spread, Hudson suggested.
32. What is the fundamental reason for promoting Transeurasian languages’ movements
A. Lack of millet planting area.
B. The arrival of the Ice Age.
C. The development of ancient agriculture.
D. The increase in the number of hunter gatherers.
33. What does paragraph 3 focus on
A. The location of Liao River valley.
B. The number of Transeurasian languages.
C. The concept of Transeurasian languages.
D. The distribution and spread of Transeurasian languages.
34. How was this study conducted
A. By scientific experiments. B. By identifying historical sites.
C. Through questionnaire survey. D. By combining linguistic and archaeological evidence.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Korean and Japanese in a Language Family Tree
B. The Origin of the Independence of Modern Chinese
C. Large Language Family Had Ancient Origins in China
D. The Internal Relationship Between Various Languages
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Thanks to TV shows like Lie to Me and so-called body language experts commenting on the candidates during the American election season, a number of misunderstandings about body language have become part of modern culture. It’s time to clear the decks. So here goes some surprising truths about body language.
Much of what the experts tell you about body language is wrong. 36 Actually, gestures can mean many things. If I cross my arms, I may be signaling my defensiveness, but I may also feel cold, tired or just get comfortable. What’s more, I could be signaling all those things at once. 37 First, the pressure on experts. They have to sound definitive and give instant analyses for TV in an impatient world more interested in sound bites than truth. Second, the history of the study of body language. So it’s natural for someone in this field to look at all the rest of gesturing with a bias (偏见) toward specific meanings.
38 By the time most of us are adults, we’ve learned to mask our true feelings because we have to get along at work, at home, and in social settings. So we pretend to be interested, we pretend to smile, we assume a calm expression when we’re actually delighted. But the face does sometimes give away our strongest feelings. You can learn to read micro-expressions—sudden appearances of true emotion through the mask of the face — with some training. 39
To read body language accurately, don’t think about it. We humans have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains that fire when our unconscious minds register an emotion in someone else, then we can share it and understand it. 40 When we see fear, we react instantly, and unconsciously, in order to be ready to take quick action if necessary. That unconscious expertise is your best support in reading other people’s body language, because you already know what’s going on. So just turn to your unconscious mind for reliable information about other people’s emotional intention.
Let’s start paying attention to your own expertise; that’s where the real body language insights will come from.
A. The misunderstanding comes from two sources.
B. The face is a poor place to start reading body language.
C. This special skill is an important part of our ability to survive as a species.
D. And they typically show up when we’re trying to hide a very strong feeling.
E. The biggest misunderstanding is that specific gestures have specific meanings.
F. You’re much better at reading the body language of people you know than any expert.
G. Your body constantly scans your surroundings and other people with your unconscious mind.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was in the second year of my PhD program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had a 25th hour every day. Without much 41 , I said I would use it to help others. Like many graduate students, I was 42 with teaching, coursework, 43 , and some attempts at a personal life. 44 , I asked myself, “Do I really need a(n) 45 hour to help other people—or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have ”
A short time later, I started to 46 for an organization that provides 47 for senior citizens and people with disabitities. To my 48 , adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to 49 the chaos (混乱) I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.
I was a bit 50 before my first ride, as I had not 51 much with people outside school. But my nervousness quickly calmed when I 52 my passenger: an old woman on her way to church. She was 53 to see a young international driver and was full of questions about my 54 . She shared with me how thankful she was to attend 55 and get some fresh air. She gave me her blessings. 56 like these and the smiles on my riders’ faces 57 me to continue driving.
I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend-time I otherwise would have wasted 58 or looking through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more 59 . My previously overwhelming (巨大的, 无法抗拒的) schedule began to feel 60 .
41. A. thinking B. attending C. worrying D. working
42. A. charged B. compared C. awarded D. occupied
43. A. research B. adventure C. ceremonies D. hobbies
44. A. Otherwise B. Besides C. However D. Therefore
45. A. valuable B. dull C. important D. extra
46. A. pay B. prepare C. apply D. volunteer
47. A. entertainment B. transportation C. accommodation D. treatment
48. A. surprise B. puzzlement C. embarrassment D. depression
49. A. calm B. cause C. inspect D. tolerate
50. A. mad B. anxious C. sad D. curious
51. A. agreed B. concerned C. communicated D. competed
52. A. reached for B. heard from C. called on D. picked up
53. A. confused B. amused C. frightened D. disappointed
54. A. education B. salary C. background D. ambition
55. A. class B. church C. celebration D. meeting
56. A. Courses B. Gatherings C. Appointments D. Connections
57. A. trained B. convinced C. inspired D. allowed
58. A. experiencing B. oversleeping C. reflecting D. comparing
59. A. challenging B. shocking C. rewarding D. depressing
60. A. countable B. manageable C. reliable D. boring
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Organic food is very popular these days, but can also be very expensive. Parents of young children, and even some pet owners, will pay high prices 61 organic food. But many others think organic food is just 62 waste of money.
There is one main 63 (differ) between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals such as pesticides that stop insects from 64 (damage) crops.
In many countries, foods that claim to be organic must have special labels that guarantee they 65 (grow) organically.
Some people think organic also means “locally grown”, and 66 (original) this was true. At first, only small companies produced these products. But later, big food companies also began selling organic products. Small organic food companies found it difficult 67 (compete) with these big companies, and many didn’t stay in business much 68 (long).
Many farmers and consumers believe organic food is safer and more nutritious. They think agricultural chemicals can cause serious illnesses like cancer, 69 there isn’t much evidence proving this is true. However, recent studies have shown that eating organically-grown produce 70 (reduce) your chances of developing heart disease. Therefore, we should be “better safe than sorry” when it comes to what we eat.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
I love English so much. It is my favorite subject, because master a foreign language helps me to know more about the world. I always dreamed to travel around the world someday, so the first job is to learn English well. Since my teacher told me that there was an English corner in the square, I felt so exciting to go there. I found there was some foreigners and I felt nervous. At first, I just listened to them. Though I was eager to talk to them, but I was shy and afraid making stupid mistakes. One day, a foreigner talked to me, and she said she had seen me many times and led me to talk to her. Her heart was beating fast, but I started to say out some English word. After a while, we talked natural. I made big progress and took pride with myself.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim要来北京学习和生活，他给你发来邮件，希望你能推荐一个生活中常用的APP。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.该APP的名称； 2.其主要功能（至少两个）以及给你的学习或生活带来的便利。
注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
高二上期开学质量检测答案解析
阅读理解 21—23 ABC 24—27 AABD 28—31ACBB 32—35 CDDC 36-40 EABDC
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章向我们介绍了由一本著名杂志经过调查推选出来的位居世界前五位的游乐园。
21. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Disneyland, California 是1955年开放的；根据第三段第一句可知，Magic Kingdom, Disney World，Florida 是1971年开放的；根据第四段第二句可知，EPCOT, Disney World, Florida 是1982年开放的；根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Disney MGM Studios, Florida的历史不到30年。由此可知，Disneyland, California 是历史最悠久的。故选A。
22. B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The park’s design and attractions don’t make much difference from Disneyland Park in Anaheim”并结合其所在段落的标题“Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida”可知，应选 B。
23. C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Top 5 List of the Best Amusement Parks in the World has come out as follows” 和下文对5个公园的介绍可知，本文旨在介绍世界上最好的娱乐公园。故选C。
B篇
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了在美国前途无量的施一公，因为无法割舍的爱国之情，毅然告别美国，回到中国，为祖国服务，实现自己的中国梦。
24. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big. He formed a life science research team. Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory.”可知，施一公回到祖国之后，努力做科学研究，目的是为自己的祖国做贡献，服务祖国服务人民。故选A项。
25. A 词句猜测题。根据第二段 “In the United States, he had a great future ahead. At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements. At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton.”及第三段“When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to PrincetonUniversity, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China.”可知，施一公在美国有着非凡的学术成就，并最终成为普林斯顿大学的终身教授，有着完美的令人钦佩的生活，可推断他告别的是美国“富足的”生活；wealthy意为“富裕的”，与affluent意思接近。故选A项。
26. B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘So far as I’ m concerned, awards are of no special meaning.’ Shi says calmly.” 可知，施一公并不在乎自己获得的奖项，也就是不在乎奖项所代表的名声。故选B项。
27. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed ‘Da Niu’ (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students.”可知，学生给他取名“大牛”是为了显示他非凡的成就。故选D项。
C篇
这是一篇议论文。主要就在客户服务行业，人工智能是否会取代人类这一问题进行了讨论。
28. A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, that’s not to be confused with completely replacing human interaction when it comes to customer service. So what does that mean Does it mean the world of CS will soon be overrun by robots ”可知，本段通过提出问题，引入本文讨论的话题，所以第一段的作用是导入。
故选A项。
29. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“New AI tools are rapidly emerging in the support space that can address high-urgency situations quickly, but when it comes to high-emotion situations, no AI can deal with them successfully.”以及“Instances like this, regardless of how small or large the case is, can create high-stress moments for the customer. Only a person can comprehend the difference.”可知，与人工智能相比较，人类所具备的优势是当涉及高情绪情况时，只有人类才能很好地理解顾客的情感。故选 C 项。
30. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“High-stress moments are the ones that stick with customers forever, so it’s important to have a plan in place.”可知，公司为高压力时刻制定计划很重要，是因为高压力时刻对于客户而言是难以忘记的。故选B项。
31. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The question from here won’t be how far we can push AI, but how we can use our imagination to continue reinventing the problem-solving process.”可知，现在的问题是我们如何利用想象力继续改良解决问题的过程，所以作者建议我们注重解决问题。故选 B 项。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。新的研究发现包括日语、汉语、土耳其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前在中国东北的粟农。研究人员指出，农业的发展推动了语言的传播。
32. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study’s findings show how the use of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world’s major language families.”可知，古代农业的发展是推动跨欧亚语言运动的根本原因。故选C项。
33. D 主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are 98 Transeurasian languages. Among these are Korean and Japanese as well as several Turkic languages, Mongolic languages, and Tungusic languages in Manchuria and Siberia. The language family’s beginnings were followed to ancient millet farmers in the Liao River valley, which includes parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin, as well as Inner Mongolia. As the ancient farmers moved across northeastern Asia, related languages spread into Siberia, Korea and Japan over thousands of years.”可知，第三段的重点是介绍泛欧亚语系语言的分布和传播。故选D项。
34. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers studied data of vocabulary from the 98 languages. They identified a group of words related to agriculture and created a language family tree.”以及第五段“Mark Hudson, writer of the study, said the researchers examined data from 255 archaeological sites in China, Japan, Korea and eastern Russia. They studied ancient objects including potteries, stone tools and plant and animal remains. They also included the dating of 269 ancient crop remains from different areas.”故可推知，这项研究
是通过结合语言学和考古学证据进行的。故选 D 项。
35. C 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A recent study shows a shared genetic ancestry for millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages. Such languages had their origin with millet farmers who lived in an area in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago.”可知，文章讲的是跨欧亚语言起源于大约9000年前中国东北地区的粟农，故可推知，文章合适的标题为“庞大的语系在中国源远流长”。故选 C 项。
七选五
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了专家给出的很多关于肢体语言的信息都是错误的，建议要准确地解读肢体语言，获得关于他人情感意图的可靠信息。
36. E 根据上文“Much of what the experts tell you about body language is wrong.”可知专家告诉你的很多关于肢体语言的信息都是错误的。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明这些错误信息有哪些。故E项“最大的误解是，特定的手势有特定的含义”符合上下文语境，故选 E 项。
37. A 根据后文“First, the pressure on experts.”以及“Second, the history of the study of body language.”可知是在说明误解产生的两个方面。故A项“这个误解来自两个方面”符合上下文语境，故选A项。
38. B 根据后文 “So we pretend to be interested, we pretend to smile, we assume a calm expression when we’re actually delighted.”可知所以我们假装感兴趣，假装微笑，当我们真正高兴的时候，我们装出一副平静的表情。由此可知，从面部表情来解读肢体语言并不准确，因为人们的表情可以假装出来。故B选项“从面部表情开始解读肢体语言是不合适的”符合上下文语境，故选B项。
39. D 根据上文“But the face does sometimes give away our strongest feelings.”可知但有时候，面部表情确实
会泄露我们最强烈的感情。故D项 “当我们试图隐藏一种强烈的感觉时，它们通常会表现出来”符合上下文语境，故选D项。
40. C 根据后文“When we see fear, we react instantly, and unconsciously, in order to be ready to take quick action if necessary.”可知当我们看到恐惧时，我们会立即和无意识地做出反应，以便在必要时能迅速采取行动。故C项“这种特殊的技能是我们作为一个物种生存能力的重要组成部分”符合上下文语境，故选C项。
完形填空 41-45. ADACD 46-50. DBAAB 51-55. CDACB 56-60. DCBCB
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在攻读哲学博士学位，虽然忙碌的研究、教学、课程作业等让作者疲于应对，但作者还是挤出时间来做志愿者工作。这让作者重新审视了生活中的时间利用问题：原本被浪费的时间是可以被用来做很多有意义的事情的。
41. A 考查动词词义辨析。A. thinking 思考；想；B. attending 参加；C. worrying 担心；D. working 工作。根
据“I was in the second year of my PhD program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had a 25th hour every day.”可知，作者没有多想，就说自己会用它来帮助别人。故选 A。
42. D 考查动词词义辨析。A. charged指控；B. compared比较；C. awarded授予；D. occupied占据；忙于。be occupied with 忙于做某事。根据“Like many graduate students,”可知，作者每天忙于教学、课程、研究和一些个人生活的尝试。故选D。
43. A 考查名词词义辨析。A. research研究；B. adventure冒险；C. ceremonies典礼；D. hobbies爱好。根据“I was in the second year of my PhD program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had a 25th hour every day.”可知作者是博士生，他忙于研究、教学、课程作业等。故选A。
44. C 考查副词词义辨析。A. Otherwise否则；B. Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore 因此。根据“Like many graduate students, I was 42 with teaching, coursework, 43 , and some attempts at a personal life.”可知，作者虽然每天很忙，但是仍然反问自己是否需要额外的一个小时来帮助别人。前后句之间为转折关系。故选 C。
45. D 考查形容词词义辨析。A. valuable珍贵的；B. dull迟钝的；C. important重要的；D. extra额外的。根据“if I had a 25th hour every day.”可知，这里是指额外的一小时。故选D。
46. D 考查动词词义辨析。A. pay支付；B. prepare准备；C. apply运用；D. volunteer志愿。根据“I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend-time I otherwise would have wasted 48 or looking through social media.”可知，作者开始做志愿活动。故选D。
47. B 考查名词词义辨析。A. entertainment娱乐；B. transportation交通；C. accommodation住宿；D. treatment治疗。根据“I was a bit 50 before my first ride,”和“But my nervousness quickly calmed when I 52 my passenger:”可知作者为老年人和残疾人提供交通服务。故选B。
48. A 考查名词词义辨析。A. surprise惊讶；B. puzzlement困惑；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. depression沮丧。
根据“adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to 49 the chaos (混乱) I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.”可知，在作者繁忙的生活中加入这项志愿者活动可以让作者平静下来，这是出乎作者意料之外的。故选A。
49. A 考查动词词义辨析。A. calm使平静；B. cause引起；C. inspect检查；D. tolerate容忍。根据“the chaos（混乱）”可知，作者在混乱中得以平静。故选A。
50. B 考查形容词动词词义辨析。A. mad疯狂的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. sad难过的；D. curious好奇的。根据“But my nervousness quickly calmed”可知，第一次驾车（接老人）之前，作者有点紧张。故选 B。
51. C 考查动词词义辨析。A. agreed同意；B. concerned关心；C. communicated交流；D. competed竞争。communicate with sb.意为“与某人交流沟通”。根据“was in the second year of my PhD program”和“people
outside school.”可知，作者一直在上学，所以很少与校外的人交流。故选C。
52. D 考查动词短语词义辨析。A. reached for伸手去够；B. heard from收到某人的来信；C. called on呼吁；D. picked up接某人。根据“an old woman on her way to church. She was 53 to see a young international
driver”可知，作者开车接乘客。故选 D。
53. A 考查形容词词义辨析。A. confused困惑的；B. amused有趣的；C. frightened害怕的；D. disappointed失望的。根据“and was full of questions about my 54 .”可知，这个老妇人对作者的国际背景感到困惑。
故选A。
54. C 考查名词词义辨析。A. education教育；B. salary薪水；C. background背景；D. ambition雄心。根据“She
was 53 to see a young international driver”可知，老妇人对作者的国际背景感到很困惑。故选 C。
55. B 考查名词词义辨析。A. class班级；B. church教堂；C. celebration庆祝；D. meeting会议。根据“an old woman on her way to church.”可知，老妇人去教堂。故选 B。
56. D 考查名词词义辨析。A. Courses课程；B. Gatherings聚会；C. Appointments约会；D. Connections连接。
根据“She shared with me how thankful she was to attend 55 and get some fresh air.”和“She gave me her blessings.”可知，作者的志愿活动与给他人带来快乐的联系，让作者继续下去。故选D。
57. C 考查动词词义辨析。A. trained培训；B. convinced信服；C. inspired鼓舞；D. allowed允许。根据“ 56
like these and the smiles on my riders’ faces”可知，乘客脸上的笑容激励作者继续开车。故选C。
58. B 考查动词词义辨析。A. experiencing体验；B. oversleeping睡过头；C. reflecting反映；D. comparing比较。根据“or looking through social media.”可知，这里指“把时间浪费在过度睡眠方面”。故选B。
59. C 考查形容词词义辨析。A. challenging挑战性的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. rewarding令人满足的；有意义的；D. depressing令人沮丧的。根据“ 56 like these and the smiles on my riders’ faces 57 me to continue driving.”和“My previously overwhelming (巨大的, 无法抗拒的) schedule began to feel 60 .”可知，作者做的这份志愿者工作很有意义。故选C。
60. B 考查形容词词义辨析。A. countable可数的；B. manageable可控的；C. reliable可靠的；D. boring令人厌烦的。根据“I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend-time I otherwise would have wasted 58 or looking through social media.”可知，做这份志愿者工作之后,作者的日程开始变得可控了。故选B。
第二节 语法填空 本文是说明文。文章介绍了人们关于有机食品和非有机食品的一些观点。
61. for 考查固定短语。根据句意，此处是短语 pay… for，意思为“为……付钱”。故填for。
62. a 考查冠词。根据句意，此处是短语 a waste of，意思为“浪费……”。故填a。
63考查名词。分析句子结构，所填词在句子中做主语，应该用名词形式；differ是动词，名词形式为difference；
前面有one，因此用单数形式。故填difference。
64.difference考查非谓语动词。前面介词from，damage应该用ing形式。故填damaging。
65.aregrown考查时态和语态。句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语they和grow之间为逻辑上
的动宾关系，应该用被动语态；因此用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是they，谓语动词应该用复数形式。
故填are grown。
66.originally考查副词。修饰整个句子this was true，应该用副词形式。故填originally。
67.tocompete考查非谓语动词。此处是“find+it+形容词+不定式”结构，其中it是形式宾语，后面用不定式
做真正的宾语。故填to compete。
68.longer考查形容词的比较级。根据句意，应是“很多公司不能维持更久”；前面有副词much，应用形容
词比较级形式；“much+比较级”表示程度，意思为“……得多”。故填longer。
69.but考查连词。前半句提到“They think…”，后半句提到“there isn’t much evidence proving…”，两个句子
之间语气转折，因此用but表示转折关系。故填but。
70.reduces考查时态。句子叙述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时；分析句子结构，句子的主语是动名词短
语eating organically-grown produce，动名词短语做主语时谓语动词应该用单数。故填reduces。
短文改错1.master—mastering 2.dreamed—dream 3.exciting—excited 4.was—were
5.去掉but 6.afraid^of 7.Her—My 8.word—words 9.natural—naturally 10.with—in
书面表达【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to know that you will come to Beijing to study and live. Here I recommend you a common APP in our life—WeChat.
WeChat has become part of our life. It is very convenient for people to express their feelings instantly at any time. Besides, it provides a chance for people to release their inner stress. By showing their heartfelt emotions on WeChat, their friends may know about their conditions and can offer timely comfort. WeChat is also one of the most convenient and safest ways to pay. We rarely need to carry a wallet or cash at all. So, never will we worry about getting fake notes or having to count change.
I hope my recommendation can be of some help to you. Wish you good luck.
Yours,
Li Hua