2024届高三英语二轮语法复习定语从句 课件(共19张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮语法复习定语从句 课件(共19张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-24 20:17:44 | ||
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(共19张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clause
Love is one big illusion that I should try to forget
You're the one who set it up
I'm the one whose feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing that you said
Find the attributive clauses in these lyrics~
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
①指人的先行词 ②指物的先行词
★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
(which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词
2.关系词：引导定语的词
(1)关系词的作用 ①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）
②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
(2)关系词的分类 ①关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定
（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
②关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)
3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子
Love is one big illusion that I should try to forget
You're the one who set it up
I'm the one whose feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing that you said
Find the attributive clauses' three essential parts in these lyrics~
that 替代先行词 illusion， 在定语从句中充当宾语，并置于定语从句开头充当连接作用
who （指人，主宾表）
whom （指人，宾语）
that （物，主宾表）
which（物，主宾）
whose（人/物，定语）
as (人/物，主宾表)
关系代词:
关系词:
关系副词:
when（时间，状语）
where （地点，状语）
why（原因，状语）
The most important part ---关系词的选择
The girl __________ wears a pair of glasses is my deskmate.
This is the factory ____________ a lot of students visited yesterday.
The classroom ______ windows face south is ours.
I will never forget the day ___________I first came to Longwan High school.
The university _________I will major in law is well-known all over China.
The reason ________she resigned her job was unknown to us.
Do you still remember the place _________ we visited last week
August 8th,2008 is the day_____________ the 29th Olympics started.
When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying.
Finally he reached a lonely island ___________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
case, situation, point, stage, position, 等作先行词时，如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，常被看做“抽象的地点”，这时用where引导定语从句，如：
You have reached a point _____________ you have to spare no effort.
Sales(销售）director is a position __________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
There are many cases __________ students know the words but can’t use them properly.
We have reached the stage __________we almost have no rights at all.
1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语
He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)
(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时，关系词可以省略
Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.
比较：
Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.
（此时只能用which且不能省略）
定语从句的7个考点---01
2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)
(1)只用that的情况
①以疑问词who开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there
②关系代词在从句中作表语时 She is not the girl that she used to be.
③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for.
(2)只用who的情况
①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
③在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
定语从句的7个考点---02
定语从句的7个考点---03
3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)
(1)用which的情况
①在非限定性定语从句中 She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语 The pen with which you write is Jack’s.
③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
定语从句的7个考点---03
3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)
(2)用that的情况
①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
She did all that she could to help us.
②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时
This is the very book that I want.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I've seen since I came here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
He talked about the people and the things ___________he had seen in his hometown.
This is the very computer ___________I am eager to buy.
4.As引导定语从句用法
(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
常用于以下句型当中：such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 ; the same …. as… 和…...同样的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
He is not the same man as he was.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）
定语从句的7个考点---04
as 在非限制性定语从句中的用法：
"as" 有“正如”之意， 常用在一些固定搭配中。
as we all know /expect /see /discover /report,
as is known to all/expected/seen/discovered/reported,
as is mentioned above,（就像上文提到的那样）
as the saying goes (就像谚语说的那样)
as is often the case (with sb) 情况经常是这样
“ You can’t judge a book by its cover,” _________the old saying goes.
There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. _________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
5.关系副词的运用
(1)When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)
(2)Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works (where = in which)
(3)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which)
★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词
★ Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）,occasion（场合）等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)
定语从句的7个考点---05
6.介词+关系代词
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）
★该结构介词的选用原则：
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
This is the book on which I spent $ 8.
This is the book for which I paid $ 8.
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯 I remember the days during which I lived there.
I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
(4)英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
She is the right person on whom to depend
定语从句的7个考点---06
6.介词+关系代词
注意：
①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略
The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.
②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等
This is the baby that you will look after.
定语从句的7个考点---06
This is the book about ________ we talked yesterday.
The boy to ___________our teacher talked is our monitor.
7.定语从句的主谓一致
(1)当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
(2)当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
定语从句的7个考点---07
定语从句
Attributive Clause
Love is one big illusion that I should try to forget
You're the one who set it up
I'm the one whose feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing that you said
Find the attributive clauses in these lyrics~
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
①指人的先行词 ②指物的先行词
★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
(which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词
2.关系词：引导定语的词
(1)关系词的作用 ①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）
②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
(2)关系词的分类 ①关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定
（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
②关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)
3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子
Love is one big illusion that I should try to forget
You're the one who set it up
I'm the one whose feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing that you said
Find the attributive clauses' three essential parts in these lyrics~
that 替代先行词 illusion， 在定语从句中充当宾语，并置于定语从句开头充当连接作用
who （指人，主宾表）
whom （指人，宾语）
that （物，主宾表）
which（物，主宾）
whose（人/物，定语）
as (人/物，主宾表)
关系代词:
关系词:
关系副词:
when（时间，状语）
where （地点，状语）
why（原因，状语）
The most important part ---关系词的选择
The girl __________ wears a pair of glasses is my deskmate.
This is the factory ____________ a lot of students visited yesterday.
The classroom ______ windows face south is ours.
I will never forget the day ___________I first came to Longwan High school.
The university _________I will major in law is well-known all over China.
The reason ________she resigned her job was unknown to us.
Do you still remember the place _________ we visited last week
August 8th,2008 is the day_____________ the 29th Olympics started.
When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying.
Finally he reached a lonely island ___________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
case, situation, point, stage, position, 等作先行词时，如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，常被看做“抽象的地点”，这时用where引导定语从句，如：
You have reached a point _____________ you have to spare no effort.
Sales(销售）director is a position __________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
There are many cases __________ students know the words but can’t use them properly.
We have reached the stage __________we almost have no rights at all.
1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语
He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)
(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时，关系词可以省略
Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.
比较：
Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.
（此时只能用which且不能省略）
定语从句的7个考点---01
2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)
(1)只用that的情况
①以疑问词who开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there
②关系代词在从句中作表语时 She is not the girl that she used to be.
③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for.
(2)只用who的情况
①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
③在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
定语从句的7个考点---02
定语从句的7个考点---03
3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)
(1)用which的情况
①在非限定性定语从句中 She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语 The pen with which you write is Jack’s.
③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
定语从句的7个考点---03
3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)
(2)用that的情况
①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
She did all that she could to help us.
②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时
This is the very book that I want.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I've seen since I came here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
He talked about the people and the things ___________he had seen in his hometown.
This is the very computer ___________I am eager to buy.
4.As引导定语从句用法
(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
常用于以下句型当中：such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 ; the same …. as… 和…...同样的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
He is not the same man as he was.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）
定语从句的7个考点---04
as 在非限制性定语从句中的用法：
"as" 有“正如”之意， 常用在一些固定搭配中。
as we all know /expect /see /discover /report,
as is known to all/expected/seen/discovered/reported,
as is mentioned above,（就像上文提到的那样）
as the saying goes (就像谚语说的那样)
as is often the case (with sb) 情况经常是这样
“ You can’t judge a book by its cover,” _________the old saying goes.
There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. _________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
5.关系副词的运用
(1)When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)
(2)Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works (where = in which)
(3)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which)
★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词
★ Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）,occasion（场合）等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)
定语从句的7个考点---05
6.介词+关系代词
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）
★该结构介词的选用原则：
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
This is the book on which I spent $ 8.
This is the book for which I paid $ 8.
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯 I remember the days during which I lived there.
I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
(4)英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
She is the right person on whom to depend
定语从句的7个考点---06
6.介词+关系代词
注意：
①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略
The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.
②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等
This is the baby that you will look after.
定语从句的7个考点---06
This is the book about ________ we talked yesterday.
The boy to ___________our teacher talked is our monitor.
7.定语从句的主谓一致
(1)当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
(2)当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
定语从句的7个考点---07