中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第21课时 九年级 Unit 9~Unit 10
课时自测
一、词汇拓展
1．prefer(v.)→__________(过去式)→_________(过去分词)
2．electricity(n.)→_________(adj.)
3．direct(v.)→________(n.)
4．Australia(n.)→_________(adj.&n.)
5．sad(adj.)→_________(n.)
6．shut(v.)→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)
7．move(v.)→________(adj.)令人感动的
8．empty(adj.)→________(反义词)
9．wound(v.)→_________(adj.)
10．value(n.)→________(adj.)
11．pain(n.)→________(adj.)
12．relax(v.)→________(adj.)放松的；自在的→________(adj.)令人放松的
13．north(n.)→________(adj.)
14．teenage(adj.)→_________(n.)
15．suggest(v.)→_________(n.)
16．behave(v.)→_________(n.)
二、单词拼写
1．Washington D．C.is the c________ of the USA.
2．This movie is well w_______ watching.
3．All the students went to plant trees on the hill e_______ Jim.
4．You can fill the e________ bottle with some orange juice.
5．In summer，he p________ swimming to running in the past.
6．In the south of China，there is always p______ of rain.
7．She often plays the piano in her s_______ time.
8．In that c_______，we will get there by 10.
9．Li Na is a successful tennis player now，but her way to success isn't s_______．
10．When I'm d________，I often chat with my friends on the Internet or listen to some soft music.
11．S________ the window.It's blowing hard outside.
12．He had a p________ in his back when he coughed.
13．He died from the w________ in his neck.
14．You'd better stay at home these days in c________ of trouble.
15．He often plays guitar in his s________ time to relax himself.
16．You are s_______ to shake hands when you are in China.
17．The way people talk and act can r________ their educational backgrounds.
18．The death of his wife was a p_______ experience and he never got married again.
19．At n______ the sun shines most brightly and directly.
20．The teacher is writing with a c_______ on the blackboard.
21．Zhejiang Province lies in the e________ part of China.
22．He is a polite man.He b_________ like a true gentleman.
23．My g_________ is my daughter's daughter.
24．Some children were drawing pictures on the b_______ when the teacher left the classroom.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Would you mind _________(put)the bottle on the table
2．By reading this article，we can learn about good table ________(manner)．
3．The young people had a ________(pain)experience at the age of 15.
4．Love Me Once More is one of the most _________(move)films that I've ever seen.
5．I think no one can truly understand my ________(sad)at the moment.
6．Zhang Yimou is a famous _________(direct)in China.
7．In our school，Wang Lin has many _________(Australia)friends.
8．The TV play has a happy _________(end)．
9．What are you supposed __________(do)if you don't know the way
10．A big factory stands in the ________(east)part of the city.
11．What silly ________(suggest)they are!
12．You will feel ________(relax)when you take a walk along the river.
13．The movie is well worth ________(see)．It's so interesting that I've seen it twice.
14．Beijing lies in the _________(north)part of China.
15．Some ________(change)students were talking with their host families this time yesterday.
16．What ________(value)advice it is!
17．Teachers in this school consider spelling as a _________(base)skill.
18．At school，we are taught not only knowledge but also how to ________(behavior)well.
19．I want to do something _______(relaxed)in my vacation.
20．_________(sad)，the two good friends had a fight over money，and they broke up afterwards.
21．The company that he used to work for was _______(shut)down last month.
22．Professor Johnson looked unhappy because the opinion which he _______(stick)to was wrong.
四、任务型阅读
请根据下面五个人的饮食习惯和禁忌(第1－5题)，从选项A－F中选出适合他们就餐的饭店，其中有一项是多余选项。
( )1.Linda is from America.She has tasted much delicious food in many places，but her favorites are still Western dishes，especially pizzas.
( )2.Lucas is a Japanese boy.He loves sushi but he is allergic(过敏的)to seafood.After he tried some Chinese food，he began to love it.He thinks the hot pot is quite delicious.
( )3.Michael is businessman and he's always busy.In order to save time，he chooses fast food and sometimes he buys some food to take away.
( )4.Helen loves Asian food，especially Chinese food.But she can't stand spicy(辛辣的)food.She also loves all kinds of curry food.
( )5.John likes eating different meats.His favorite is steak(牛排)．He really enjoys the soft taste when he puts a small piece of steak into his mouth.
A．You can taste all the traditional Japanese food in our restaurant.We have sushi with all kinds of seafood in it.The pieces of fish with sauce are the best in our restaurant.
B．Our specialty(招牌菜)is pizza and it can be cooked in more than 20 flavors(口味)．We also provide Italian noodles，sausages and wine.
C．We have Indian cooks who have made curry for more than 10 years.We have different kinds of set meals(套餐)，like fish curry and bread，beef curry with carrots and chicken curry with potatoes.
D．We provide fish and chips，hamburgers，cola and coffee.The food can be taken away immediately.There is no need for you to wait.Our aim is “faster and better”．
E．Our food is in Sichuan flavor which is famous for hot and spicy dishes.We provide Mapo Tofu，Bobo Chicken，Gongbao Chicken and so on.And the most popular dish is the hot pot.
F．The beef is sent from our own farms by air，so our steak is tender(嫩的)and delicious.And it is carefully cooked by our Michelin starre cooks.
五、语法填空
Acts of kindness，big or small，are everywhere if we care to look for them.1.________ December 23，2017，a man put a video on Weibo，not knowing it would become popular.
The video 2._________(watch)more than 19 million times in just two days.It showed a young man's kind act on a subway train and he soon became 3.________ online star.In the video，the young man is asleep will a mobile phone in his hand.One the phone screen，there's a message in large font(字体)—“Please wake 4.______(I)up if you need my seat.”
Plenty of web 5.______(user)were deeply moved by the young man's act and praised him for his kindness.Chutian Metropolis Daily offered 6._______(interview)the young man，but he politely refused the invitation.He said he just did 7.______ he felt he should do.On Weibo，he wrote he would 8._______(easy)fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the subway train.He was worried that others might need the seat，9.______ he thought of the idea of making a message on his phone screen.
Kindness needs to be passed on.Let's work together and make such positive energy(正能量)10.__________(spread)further.
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第21课时 九年级 Unit 9~ Unit 10
精讲 精练
一、prefer
prefer是及物动词，意为“更喜欢；更喜爱”，相当于like...better。其现在分词应双写r再加ing，过去式与过去分词形式应双写r再加ed。其后可接名词、v. ing形式或动词不定式等。常见搭配还有：
(1)prefer sth.to sth.比起……更喜欢……
(2)prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起做某事更喜欢做某事
(3)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事，相当于would rather do sth.than do sth.
例：Do you prefer coffee or tea
你喜欢咖啡还是茶？
She prefers living/to live in the countryside.
她更喜欢住在农村。
He prefers fish to meat.
他喜欢吃鱼而不喜欢吃肉。
I prefer swimming to playing balls.
我喜欢游泳胜过打球。
I prefer to buy a new car rather than repair the used one.
我宁愿买辆新车也不愿去修那辆用过的。
【同步练习】
1．我更喜欢歌词很棒的音乐。
I ________ music that ______ great lyrics.
2．他喜欢听音乐而不是看电视。
He prefers ___________ to music to ____________ TV.
3．我喜欢葡萄胜过苹果。
I ________ grapes ______ apples.
prefer
has
listening
watching
prefer
to
二、suppose
suppose动词，意为“推断；料想；猜想”，常用于be supposed to do sth.中，意为“被期望做某事；应该做某事”，用来表示根据规定、制度或按照法律人们必须要做的事情或期待将要发生的事情，主观性强些，相当于should。其否定结构为be not supposed to do sth.意为“不应该做某事”，相当于shouldn't。
suppose＋that从句，当变为否定句时，否定词应前移，即与think，believe等词用法一致。
例：He is supposed to arrive on time.
他应该准时到达。
You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.
＝You shouldn't smoke on the bus.
你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。
I don't supposed that he will tell you about it.
我认为他不会告诉你这件事。
【同步练习】
1．青少年应该敢于质疑。
Teenagers are __________ ____ be brave enough to ask questions.
2．学生在校期间应该穿校服。
Students are supposed to ______ _______ ___________ on school days.
3．你应该找份兼职多赚点钱。
You ______ __________ to find a part time job to earn more money.
4．每个中学生都应该为自己感到自豪，因为每个人都有优点。
Every middle school student ____ ___________ to take pride in themselves because each of them has good points.
supposed
to
wear
school
uniforms
is
supposed
are
supposed
三、worth
worth形容词，意为“值得；有……价值(的)”，常用于以下结构中：
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be worth＋n.当名词为金钱时，表示“价值……”。
例：The question is not worth discussing again and again.
这个问题不值得讨论一遍又一遍。
This picture is worth 100 yuan.
这幅画值100元。
【同步练习】
1．The chair is worth _________(buy)．
2．这些书很乏味，不值得一读。
The books are so boring that they ______________________．
buying
are not worth reading
四、辨析except，besides，but
except是介词，意为“除了(某人/某事)之外”，表示所说的不包括在内。besides是介词，意思是“除(某人/某事)之外(还有)”，表示所说的包括在内；but也表示“除了”，相当于except，往往放在all，none，every，any，no以及everything，everybody，nothing，anywhere等词之后。
例：All of us passed the exam except John.
除了约翰未通过考试外，我们全都通过了。
I have a few friends besides you.
除你之外，我还有几个朋友。
He eats nothing but hamburgers.
他除了汉堡包之外，别的什么都不吃。
【同步练习】
1．We go to school every day __________ Sunday.
2．__________ English，he did well in Chinese and math.
3．He had nothing ______ an old car.
4．Everybody except Mike and Linda _______(be)there when the meeting began.
except
Besides
but
was
五、as soon as
as soon as副词短语，意为“一……就……”，强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的，后接从句。
当主句是一般将来时时，as soon as引导的状语从句应用一般现在时。
as soon as possible＝as soon as sb.can/could尽快
例：As soon as I held out my hand，he bowed.
我一伸出手，他就向我鞠躬。
I'll call you as soon as I get to Hangzhou.
我一到杭州就会打电话给你。
【同步练习】
1．The boy fell asleep _______________________________(他妈妈一到家)．
2．They will send you an e mail as soon as the boss __________(reply)in writing.
3．这本小说会尽快翻译成英语吗？
Will the novel ________________________________________？
as soon as his mother got home
be translated into English as soon as possible
replies
六、定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，因此称之为定语从句。
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)和关系副词(where，when，why)。
注：初中阶段只学习who作主语，that，which作主语和宾语的情况。当定语从句所修饰的名词是人时，用who，that；所修饰的名词是物或事时，用which，that。
例：I love music that I can sing along with.
我喜欢那些我能跟着唱和的音乐。
I admire the people who are brave and confident.
我钦佩那些勇敢和自信的人。
【同步练习】
1．—Which song do you like better，Lucy
—I prefer the song Little Apple ____________ can attract many people.
2．We don't like people ____________ talk too much but never do anything.
3．I think the first lesson _______ we are learning is very easy.
4．Is there anything _______ belongs to you
that/which
who/that
that
that
七、辨析advice，suggestion
都意为“建议”。advice是不可数名词；suggestion是可数名词。
例：Can you give me some advice
你可以给我一些建议吗？
Some students had more specific suggestions.
一些学生有更具体的建议。
【同步练习】
1．Could you give me some _________(advise)？I tried several times but failed.
2．I'm thankful to the teacher for her ______________(suggest)on my interview.
advice
suggestions
八、辨析happen，take place
happen意为“发生”，主语一般是物，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，常用结构：sth.happy to sb.(某事发生在某人身上)；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”，常用结构：sb.happen to do sth.(某人碰巧做某事)。
take place常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”，此外还有“举行”之意。
【同步练习】
1．Miracles(奇迹)__________ every day.
2．Great changes have _____________ in China.
happen
taken place
九、辨析rise，raise
rise意为“上升；上涨；起床；站立”。该词含义较广，总的意思是指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词分别是rose和risen。
raise用作及物动词，其基本含义是“使升起来；养育；募集”，它的过去式和过去分词都是raised。
【同步练习】
1．The sun _______ in the east and sets in the west.
2．She _________ her eyes from her work and looked at him.
rises
raised
十、辨析by mistake，by accident
by mistake意为“错误地”，指由于疏忽出差错，并非有意。
by accident意为“偶然；意外地”，同义词组为by chance。
【同步练习】
1．I just took your umbrella ____________．I didn't mean it.
2．I knew his name ______________，and it didn't occur to me who he was at that moment.
by mistake
by accident
十一、辨析through，past，across，over
through作介词，意为“从……通过；穿过”，主要指从物体内部穿过。
past作介词或副词，意为“经过；路过”，指从物体的旁边经过。
across作介词或副词，意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面上穿过。across from...意为“在……对面”。
over作介词或副词，意为“在……上方”，表示物体在正上方，但两物体之间没有接触。
【同步练习】
1．He got into the room __________ the back door.
2．She walked _______ a bank on her way home.
3．The Great Green Wall is ________ the northwest of China.
4．They built a very large bridge _______ the river.
through
past
across
over
一、词汇拓展
1．prefer(v.)→___________(过去式)→___________(过去分词)
2．electricity(n.)→___________(adj.)
3．direct(v.)→_________(n.)
4．Australia(n.)→____________(adj.&n.)
5．sad(adj.)→__________(n.)
6．shut(v.)→_______(过去式)→_______(过去分词)
7．move(v.)→_________(adj.)令人感动的
8．empty(adj.)→______(反义词)
preferred
preferred
electronic
director
Australian
sadness
shut
shut
moving
full
课时自测
9．wound(v.)→__________(adj.)
10．value(n.)→__________(adj.)
11．pain(n.)→_________(adj.)
12．relax(v.)→_________(adj.)放松的；自在的→___________(adj.)令人放松的
13．north(n.)→___________(adj.)
14．teenage(adj.)→__________(n.)
15．suggest(v.)→___________(n.)
16．behave(v.)→___________(n.)
wounded
valuable
painful
relaxed
relaxing
northern
teenager
suggestion
behavior
二、单词拼写
1．Washington D．C.is the _________ of the USA.
2．This movie is well _______ watching.
3．All the students went to plant trees on the hill ________ Jim.
4．You can fill the ________ bottle with some orange juice.
5．In summer，he ___________ swimming to running in the past.
6．In the south of China，there is always ________ of rain.
7．She often plays the piano in her _______ time.
8．In that _______，we will get there by 10.
capital
worth
except
empty
preferred
plenty
spare
case
9．Li Na is a successful tennis player now，but her way to success isn't ________．
10．When I'm ________，I often chat with my friends on the Internet or listen to some soft music.
11．_______ the window.It's blowing hard outside.
12．He had a ______ in his back when he coughed.
13．He died from the ________ in his neck.
14．You'd better stay at home these days in ______ of trouble.
15．He often plays guitar in his ________ time to relax himself.
16．You are __________ to shake hands when you are in China.
17．The way people talk and act can __________ their educational backgrounds.
smooth
down
Shut
pain
wound
case
spare
supposed
reflect
18．The death of his wife was a __________ experience and he never got married again.
19．At ________ the sun shines most brightly and directly.
20．The teacher is writing with a ________ on the blackboard.
21．Zhejiang Province lies in the __________ part of China.
22．He is a polite man.He __________ like a true gentleman.
23．My __________________ is my daughter's daughter.
24．Some children were drawing pictures on the ______________ when the teacher left the classroom.
painful
noon
chalk
eastern
behaves
granddaughter
blackboard
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Would you mind __________(put)the bottle on the table
2．By reading this article，we can learn about good table ___________(manner)．
3．The young people had a __________(pain)experience at the age of 15.
4．Love Me Once More is one of the most __________(move)films that I've ever seen.
5．I think no one can truly understand my __________(sad)at the moment.
6．Zhang Yimou is a famous ____________(direct)in China.
7．In our school，Wang Lin has many ____________(Australia)friends.
8．The TV play has a happy __________(end)．
9．What are you supposed ________(do)if you don't know the way
putting
manners
painful
moving
sadness
director
Australian
ending
to do
10．A big factory stands in the __________(east)part of the city.
11．What silly ______________(suggest)they are!
12．You will feel __________(relax)when you take a walk along the river.
13．The movie is well worth __________(see)．It's so interesting that I've seen it twice.
14．Beijing lies in the __________(north)part of China.
15．Some ____________(change)students were talking with their host families this time yesterday.
16．What ___________(value)advice it is!
eastern
suggestions
relaxed
seeing
northern
exchange
valuable
17．Teachers in this school consider spelling as a ________(base)skill.
18．At school，we are taught not only knowledge but also how to ___________ (behavior)well.
19．I want to do something ____________(relaxed)in my vacation.
20．_________(sad)，the two good friends had a fight over money，and they broke up afterwards.
21．The company that he used to work for was ________(shut)down last month.
22．Professor Johnson looked unhappy because the opinion which he ________(stick)to was wrong.
basic
behave
relaxing
Sadly
shut
stuck
四、任务型阅读
请根据下面五个人的饮食习惯和禁忌(第1－5题)，从选项A－F中选出适合他们就餐的饭店，其中有一项是多余选项。
( )1.Linda is from America.She has tasted much delicious food in many places，but her favorites are still Western dishes，especially pizzas.
( )2.Lucas is a Japanese boy.He loves sushi but he is allergic(过敏的)to seafood.After he tried some Chinese food，he began to love it.He thinks the hot pot is quite delicious.
( )3.Michael is businessman and he's always busy.In order to save time，he chooses fast food and sometimes he buys some food to take away.
( )4.Helen loves Asian food，especially Chinese food.But she can't stand spicy(辛辣的)food.She also loves all kinds of curry food.
( )5.John likes eating different meats.His favorite is steak(牛排)．He really enjoys the soft taste when he puts a small piece of steak into his mouth.
B
E
D
C
F
A．You can taste all the traditional Japanese food in our restaurant.We have sushi with all kinds of seafood in it.The pieces of fish with sauce are the best in our restaurant.
B．Our specialty(招牌菜)is pizza and it can be cooked in more than 20 flavors(口味)．We also provide Italian noodles，sausages and wine.
C．We have Indian cooks who have made curry for more than 10 years.We have different kinds of set meals(套餐)，like fish curry and bread，beef curry with carrots and chicken curry with potatoes.
D．We provide fish and chips，hamburgers，cola and coffee.The food can be taken away immediately.There is no need for you to wait.Our aim is “faster and better”．
E．Our food is in Sichuan flavor which is famous for hot and spicy dishes.We provide Mapo Tofu，Bobo Chicken，Gongbao Chicken and so on.And the most popular dish is the hot pot.
F．The beef is sent from our own farms by air，so our steak is tender(嫩的)and delicious.And it is carefully cooked by our Michelin starre cooks.
五、语法填空
Acts of kindness，big or small，are everywhere if we care to look for them.1.______ December 23，2017，a man put a video on Weibo，not knowing it would become popular.
The video 2.______________(watch)more than 19 million times in just two days.It showed a young man's kind act on a subway train and he soon became 3.______ online star.In the video，the young man is asleep will a mobile phone in his hand.One the phone screen，there's a message in large font(字体)—“Please wake 4._______(I)up if you need my seat.”
On
was watched
an
me
Plenty of web 5._________(user)were deeply moved by the young man's act and praised him for his kindness.Chutian Metropolis Daily offered 6._________________ (interview)the young man，but he politely refused the invitation.He said he just did 7._________ he felt he should do.On Weibo，he wrote he would 8._________(easy)fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the subway train.He was worried that others might need the seat，9._____ he thought of the idea of making a message on his phone screen.
Kindness needs to be passed on.Let's work together and make such positive energy(正能量)10._________(spread)further.
users
to interview
what
easily
so
spread中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第21课时 九年级 Unit 9~Unit 10
精讲*精练
一、prefer
prefer是及物动词，意为“更喜欢；更喜爱”，相当于like...better。其现在分词应双写r再加ing，过去式与过去分词形式应双写r再加ed。其后可接名词、v. ing形式或动词不定式等。常见搭配还有：
(1)prefer sth.to sth.比起……更喜欢……
(2)prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起做某事更喜欢做某事
(3)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事，相当于would rather do sth.than do sth.
例：Do you prefer coffee or tea
你喜欢咖啡还是茶？
She prefers living/to live in the countryside.
她更喜欢住在农村。
He prefers fish to meat.
他喜欢吃鱼而不喜欢吃肉。
I prefer swimming to playing balls.
我喜欢游泳胜过打球。
I prefer to buy a new car rather than repair the used one.
我宁愿买辆新车也不愿去修那辆用过的。
【同步练习】
1．我更喜欢歌词很棒的音乐。
I ________ music that _____ great lyrics.
2．他喜欢听音乐而不是看电视。
He prefers _______ to music to _______ TV.
3．我喜欢葡萄胜过苹果。
I _______ grapes _____ apples.
二、suppose
suppose动词，意为“推断；料想；猜想”，常用于be supposed to do sth.中，意为“被期望做某事；应该做某事”，用来表示根据规定、制度或按照法律人们必须要做的事情或期待将要发生的事情，主观性强些，相当于should。其否定结构为be not supposed to do sth.意为“不应该做某事”，相当于shouldn't。
suppose＋that从句，当变为否定句时，否定词应前移，即与think，believe等词用法一致。
例：He is supposed to arrive on time.
他应该准时到达。
You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.
＝You shouldn't smoke on the bus.
你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。
I don't supposed that he will tell you about it.
我认为他不会告诉你这件事。
【同步练习】
1．青少年应该敢于质疑。
Teenagers are ______ ______ be brave enough to ask questions.
2．学生在校期间应该穿校服。
Students are supposed to ________ _____ ______ on school days.
3．你应该找份兼职多赚点钱。
You ______ _______ to find a part time job to earn more money.
4．每个中学生都应该为自己感到自豪，因为每个人都有优点。
Every middle school student ______ _______ to take pride in themselves because each of them has good points.
三、worth
worth形容词，意为“值得；有……价值(的)”，常用于以下结构中：
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be worth＋n.当名词为金钱时，表示“价值……”。
例：The question is not worth discussing again and again.
这个问题不值得讨论一遍又一遍。
This picture is worth 100 yuan.
这幅画值100元。
【同步练习】
1．The chair is worth ________(buy)．
2．这些书很乏味，不值得一读。
The books are so boring that they _________．
四、辨析except，besides，but
except是介词，意为“除了(某人/某事)之外”，表示所说的不包括在内。besides是介词，意思是“除(某人/某事)之外(还有)”，表示所说的包括在内；but也表示“除了”，相当于except，往往放在all，none，every，any，no以及everything，everybody，nothing，anywhere等词之后。
例：All of us passed the exam except John.
除了约翰未通过考试外，我们全都通过了。
I have a few friends besides you.
除你之外，我还有几个朋友。
He eats nothing but hamburgers.
他除了汉堡包之外，别的什么都不吃。
【同步练习】
1．We go to school every day _______ Sunday.
2．_______ English，he did well in Chinese and math.
3．He had nothing ______ an old car.
4．Everybody except Mike and Linda ______(be)there when the meeting began.
五、as soon as
as soon as副词短语，意为“一……就……”，强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的，后接从句。
当主句是一般将来时时，as soon as引导的状语从句应用一般现在时。
as soon as possible＝as soon as sb.can/could尽快
例：As soon as I held out my hand，he bowed.
我一伸出手，他就向我鞠躬。
I'll call you as soon as I get to Hangzhou.
我一到杭州就会打电话给你。
【同步练习】
1．The boy fell asleep ________________________(他妈妈一到家)．
2．They will send you an e mail as soon as the boss _______(reply)in writing.
3．这本小说会尽快翻译成英语吗？
Will the novel ______________________________________________？
六、定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，因此称之为定语从句。
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)和关系副词(where，when，why)。
注：初中阶段只学习who作主语，that，which作主语和宾语的情况。当定语从句所修饰的名词是人时，用who，that；所修饰的名词是物或事时，用which，that。
例：I love music that I can sing along with.
我喜欢那些我能跟着唱和的音乐。
I admire the people who are brave and confident.
我钦佩那些勇敢和自信的人。
【同步练习】
1．—Which song do you like better，Lucy
—I prefer the song Little Apple ________ can attract many people.
2．We don't like people _________ talk too much but never do anything.
3．I think the first lesson _________ we are learning is very easy.
4．Is there anything ________ belongs to you
七、辨析advice，suggestion
都意为“建议”。advice是不可数名词；suggestion是可数名词。
例：Can you give me some advice
你可以给我一些建议吗？
Some students had more specific suggestions.
一些学生有更具体的建议。
【同步练习】
1．Could you give me some _______(advise)？I tried several times but failed.
2．I'm thankful to the teacher for her _________(suggest)on my interview.
八、辨析happen，take place
happen意为“发生”，主语一般是物，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，常用结构：sth.happy to sb.(某事发生在某人身上)；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”，常用结构：sb.happen to do sth.(某人碰巧做某事)。
take place常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”，此外还有“举行”之意。
【同步练习】
1．Miracles(奇迹)__________ every day.
2．Great changes have __________ in China.
九、辨析rise，raise
rise意为“上升；上涨；起床；站立”。该词含义较广，总的意思是指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词分别是rose和risen。
raise用作及物动词，其基本含义是“使升起来；养育；募集”，它的过去式和过去分词都是raised。
【同步练习】
1．The sun ________ in the east and sets in the west.
2．She ________ her eyes from her work and looked at him.
十、辨析by mistake，by accident
by mistake意为“错误地”，指由于疏忽出差错，并非有意。
by accident意为“偶然；意外地”，同义词组为by chance。
【同步练习】
1．I just took your umbrella ___________．I didn't mean it.
2．I knew his name ____________，and it didn't occur to me who he was at that moment.
十一、辨析through，past，across，over
through作介词，意为“从……通过；穿过”，主要指从物体内部穿过。
past作介词或副词，意为“经过；路过”，指从物体的旁边经过。
across作介词或副词，意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面上穿过。across from...意为“在……对面”。
over作介词或副词，意为“在……上方”，表示物体在正上方，但两物体之间没有接触。
【同步练习】
1．He got into the room ________ the back door.
2．She walked ________ a bank on her way home.
3．The Great Green Wall is _________ the northwest of China.
4．They built a very large bridge _________ the river.
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