中考英语语法复习:并列句
一、并列句的构成:
并列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。
二、并列句的分类:
1. 表示同等关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:
He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球,并且踢得很好。
Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇,我们成了朋友。
2. 表示转折关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是),yet(可是),while(而,另一方面),however(可是)等连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如:
It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴,但是它会说话。
School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了,可是老师们仍然在工作。
He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家,而我则想当科学家。
It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大,然而我们必须出去。
3. 表示选择关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者,否则)等连接前后简单句。
or有两重含义:
(1)译为“或者”,表示选择。例如:
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。
(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如:
You must tell the truth,or you will be punished.你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。
表示因果关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前后简单句。
(1)for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两
简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。
例如:He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友,因为他是个诚实的男子汉。
(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如:
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.李老师回家乡去了,所以王老师替二课。
5. 其他形式的并列句
(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。例如:
Use your head, and you will find away.动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:
Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others.努力学习,否则你就会落于别人。
(3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”,例如:
Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。
习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.
(4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”,例如:
not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生,而且他们的老师都误了校车。
(5) “neither…nor…”结构,意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,用法与http://www.,either …or…,not only …but also…相同。
三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况
1. 并列句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如:
We fished all day; we didn\'t catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼,一条鱼也没钓到。
2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。例如:
My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作,母亲在学校工作。
3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句,后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如:
He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。
Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。
四、并列句的典型例题
并列句是全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一,主要考查学生在特定的语言环境下对并列连词and,but,or,for,so等的掌握与运用情况,大多以单项填空、完形填空形式出现,有时也会出现在句子改错和短文改错题型中。
例1 Work hard, _____ you will pass the during test.
A. or B. but C. because D. and
解析:“努力学习”,“你就会通过驾驶考试”,两者之间是并列关系,应用句式“祈使句+and+简单句”。
答案:D
例2 Stop cutting trees, _____ the earth will become worse and worse.
A. and B. then C but D. or
解析:根据句意,前后是转折关系,应用句式“祈使句+or+简单句”。
答案:D
例3 They bought Granny a present ____ she liked it very much.
A. and B. so C. but
解析:本题前后两句表示并列关系。
答案:A
例4 They all went to the cinema I didn't.
A.get B. or C. but D. so
解析:本题的前后意思带有转折关系。
答案:C
例5 — Hello, Mr. Huang!
—I'm sorry, ______ I don't think I know you.
A. and B. or C. but D. because
解析:本题的前后意思带有转折关系,but此处意为“可是”。
答案:C
例6 The little boy is very young _____ he can look after himself well.
A. So B. but C. if D. or
解析:本题的前后两句有明显的转折关系。
答案:B
例7 Bill put his hands behind his back, ____ nobody could see his hands.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
解析:从上下文可知nobody could see his hands的原因是Bill put his hands behind his back,所以应该用so来表示结果。
答案:A
例8 Neither you nor I _____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
解析:“neither…nor…”结构意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,连接主语时,谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。
答案:C
例9 —We get knowledge ____from books _____from life.
—Yes, both are important.
A. either;or B. not only;but also
C neither;nor D. not;but
解析:根据句子的逻辑意思,本题应该选B。“not only…but also”意为“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列的内容,做主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。
答案:B
感受中考
1. Hurry up, ______you will miss the plane.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
2. Jack still came to school _____ he was ill.
A though B hot C. if D. so
3. I want to know ________ he will be the volunteer in the 2011 University game (世界大学生运动会) in Shenzhen.
A. Where B. Who C. If D. which
4. Tony is a quiet student, he is active in class.
A. so B. and C. but D. or
5. They will lose the game they try their best,
A. unless B. once C. since D. after
6. You won't feel happy at school _______ you get on well with your classmates.
A. though B. when C. unless D. because
7. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I_______good at drawing.
A.is B. am C. are
8.. Jack likes reading a newspaper______he is having breakfast.
A.and B. while C. because
9. The restaurant is nice and the food is not bad. _______I still prefer eating at home.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
10.---- Ring me up ________ you come to my house, will you
----Sure, I will.
A. though B. while C. before D. until
11.Be quick, ___we’ll be late for school.
A. and B. or C. so
12.I told him the news ___be came back yesterday.
A. until B. as soon as C. unless
13.. The rain is very heavy________ we have to stay at home.
A. but B. because C. so
14.He didn’t go to school yesterday _______ he was ill.
A. because B. because of C. if D. so
15. Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
16.. You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking,________ you’ll get better soon.
A. but B. after C. or D. and
17.. - Will you please give the dictionary to Jane
-Sure, I’ll give it to her ____ she arrives here.
A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as
18..______Zhai Xiaowei has only one leg, he can dance wonderfully
A .Though B.But C. So
19..-What shall we do now
-_______it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home.
A. So B. Since C. Though D. If
20.We should protect the earth, we will have no water to drink.
A.so B.or C.and D.but
21.________ it’s very interesting and exciting.
A. Though B. Because C. So
22. - _____ Rose ____ Jack watched Prince William's wedding on TV yesterday.
- What a pity! They misses the exciting moment.
A. Both, and B. Not only; but also C, Either; or D. Neither, nor
23. We lost the soccer game, _ everyone of us played very well.
A.because B. though C. or D. so
24. The pot-bellied pig is too big to sleep in the house, _________I have to make her a big one.
A. or B. so C. but
25.-May I go to the movies with you
-I’m afraid not you have a ticket, because I have only one.
A. if B. unless C. though
26.The box was too heavy for me to carry, ___I pulled it into my room.
A. so B. and C. but D. or
27. I ______ believe it _______ I see it with my own eyes.
A. won’t; and B. will; but C. will; until D. won’t; until
28.. The girl is ____ a nice girl ____ we all want to help her.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that
答案
1.答案:D
【解析】考查点:本题考查连词的用法。and“那么”,but“但是”,so“因此”,or“否则”,根据句意:赶快,否则你就赶不上飞机了。所以选择答案D。
2.答案A
【解析】考查连词的使用。让步状语从句。句意:虽然Jack病了,但仍然坚持上学。
3.答案:C
【解析】连词的用法。where意为“哪里”,who意为“谁”,if意为“如果,是否”,which意为“哪一个”。根据句意“我想知道他是否将成为在深圳举行的世界大学生运动会的志愿者”,可知应为if引导的宾语从句。因此选C。
4.【答案】C
【解析】考查but用法,quiet和active正好相反,用but表示意思的转折。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查连词用法。句意为“如果他们不努力,比赛就会失败。”unless意为“如果不”。故选A。
6. 答案:C.考查连词及状语从句。句意:你在学校不会感到快乐,除非与同学处得很好。
7.答案:B
【解析】连词的考查。Not only----but also-----主语的确定要根据but also所跟的主语而定。
8. 答案:B
【解析】引导词的考查。And 用于顺接关系;while表示当-----的时候,跟延续的动词连用。 Because用于原因。根据句意:在吃早饭的时候,杰克喜欢读报纸,故选B。
9. 答案B
【解析】考查连词的用法。由后句句意“我仍喜欢在家里吃饭”及前句句意“餐馆很好,菜不错”可推测两者为转换关系,用but。故选B。
10.【答案】C
【解析】连词的考察 句意为“在你来我家之前,给我打电话,好吗?”
11. 答案:B
【解析】词连用法。and又,而,表并列或承接;or 或者,否则,表示选择或假设;so因此,表结果。根据句意,快点,否则我们上学会迟到。这是“祈使句+or+陈述句”的结构,故选B。
12.答案:B
【解析】词义辨析。until直到……时,在……以前,引导时间状语从句;as soon as 一……就……,引导时间状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句。句意:昨天他一回来,我就把这个消息告诉了他。依据句意选B。
13.答案:C
【解析】考查连词用法辨析。but表示转折;because引导的状语从句表示造成结果的原因。so引导的状语从句表示原因产生的结果。句意:雨下得很大,因此我们必须呆在家。
14.答案:A
【解析】A考查连词的用法。because引导的状语从句,根据句意:他昨天没来上学是因为生病了。B后面接名词或名词性短语。D经常与that搭配引导目的或者结果状语从句。故选A。
15. 答案:B
【解析】B考查or“否则”的用法,根据句意:快点,否则你就上课迟到了。故选B。
16. 答案:D
【解析】 考查连词的用法。句意为“比尔,你咳嗽好几天。停止吸烟吧,你不久就会好”。结构为:祈使句+and+将来时。 故选D。
17.答案:D
【解析】 连词用法。 Before,在…..之前,until,直到,because,因为,as soon as, 一……就……。根据句意选D。
18. 答案:A
【解析】本题考查连词的用法。根据题意,虽然翟小伟只有一条腿,但他舞跳得非常好。though表示虽然、但是,可以用在句首,也可以放在句中。but表示但是,只能用在句中。so表示所以。故本题选择A。
19.答案:B
【解析】考查连词的用法。句意:由于正在下雨,我们呆在家吧。排除A和C。If
引导的是条件状语从句,不符合。Since“既然,由于”。
20.解析:本题考查连词的词义辨析。由上下句可我们应该不保护地球,“否则”我们将没有水喝,故答案选B,or引导的表示条件的假设。
21. 答案B
【解析】连词的考查。Why开始的特殊疑问句应用because来回答。
22. 答案:D
【解析】连词短语辨析。Both, and两者都, Not only; but also不但……而且……,Either; or或者……或者,Neither, nor(两者)既不……也不……。由答语知道二者都没看,故选择D。
23. 【答案】B
【解析】连词的考察 此处是让步状语从句“尽管我们我们每个人踢得非常好,但是我们还是输掉了足球比赛”应用though引导。
24.答案:B
【解析】 根据句意:你看见彼得和麦克了吗?不,他们两个我一个也没看见。neither两者中任何一个都不,either两者中的任何一个,both两者都, none三者或三者以上都不。故选A。
解析:本题考查连词的词义辨析。由because I have only one.“因为我只有一张票。”可知如果想一起看电影,“除非”邮票,故答案选B。
26.答案:A
【解析】连词的用法。从句意“对我来说这个箱子太重了,以至于拿不动,所以我把它推到我的房间里了”,前后句表示因果关系,故答案为A。
27. 答案:D
【解析】考查连词not…until的用法。句意为:“直到我亲眼看见这个事,我才会相信。”。not …until意为“直到…才”。故选D。
28. 答案:C
【解析】考查连词的用法。选项D不构成词组,首先排除。too.. to句型后接动词原形,本句为从句的形式,故排除。such a nice girl=so nice a girl,故选C