第11讲 八年级上Unit8-10【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)

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名称 第11讲 八年级上Unit8-10【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第11讲 八年级上 Unit 8--10
重点单词 shake / e k/ n.&v.摇动;抖动 blender/'blend (r)/ n.食物搅拌器 peel/pi:l/ v.剥皮;去皮 pour /p :(r)/ v.倒出;倾倒 honey /'h ni/ n.蜂蜜 spoon /spu:n/ n.勺,调羹 pot /p t/,/pɑ:t/ n.锅 add / d/ v.增加;添加 finally /'fa n li/ sdv.最后;最终 salt /s :lt/ n.盐 sugar /' ɡ r/ n.糖 cheese /t i:z/ n.干酪,奶酪 popcorn / p pk :n/,/'pɑ:pk :rn/ n.爆米花 corn /k :(r)n/ n.玉米,谷物 machine /m ' i:n/ n.机器;机械装置 dig /d g/ v.掘(地);凿(洞);挖(土) hole /h l/ n.洞;孔;坑 sandwich /'s nw t / n.夹心面包片;三明治 butter /'b t r/ n.黄油;奶油 turkey /'t :(r)ki/ n.火鸡 lettuce /'let s/ n.莴苣,生菜 piece /pi:s/ n.片;块;段 traditional /tr 'd nl/ adj.传统的;惯例的 autumn / :t m/ n.秋天;秋季 traveler /'tr vl (r)/n.漂泊者;旅行者;游客 celebrate /'sel bre t/ v.庆祝;庆贺 mix /m ks/ v.(使)混合;融合 pepper /'pep (r)/ n.甜椒;柿子椒 fill /f l/ v.(使)充满;装满 oven /' vn/ n.烤箱;烤炉 plate /ple t/ n.盘子;碟子 cover /'k v (r)/ v.遮盖;覆盖n.遮盖物;盖子 serve /s :(r)v/ v.接待;服务;提供 temperature /'tempr t (r)/ n.温度;气温;体温 prepare [pr 'per] v.预备;准备 exam [ ɡ'z m] n.考试 available [ 've l bl] a.可得到的;有空的 hang [h ] v.悬挂;(使)低垂 until [ n't l] conj./prep.直到 ... 的时候;直到…为止 catch [k t ] v./n.赶上;抓住;捕捉 invite [ n'va t] v.邀请 accept [ k'sept] v.接受 refuse [r 'fju z] v.拒绝 invitation [ nv 'te n] n.邀请;邀请函 reply [r 'pla ] v./n.回答,回复 forward ['f rw rd] v.转交;发送 adj.向前的 adv.向前地 delete [d 'li t] v.删除 preparation [ prep 're n] n.准备,准备工作 opening ['o pn ] n.开幕式,落成典礼 guest [ɡest] n.客人 concert ['kɑ ns rt] n.音乐会 event [ 'vent] n.大事,公开活动 calendar ['k l nd r] n.日历,日程表 meeting /'mi:t / n.会议;集会 video /'v dio / n.录像带;录像 organize /' :(r)ɡ na z/ v.组织;筹备 upset / p'set/ adj.难过;失望;沮丧 advice / d'va s/ n.劝告;建议 travel /'tr vl/ v.&n.旅行;游历 agent /'e d nt/ n.代理人;经纪人 expert /'eksp :(r)t/ n.专家;能手 teenager /'ti:n'e d (r)/ n.(13—19岁的)青少年 normal /'n :rml/ adj.正常的;一般的 unless / n'les/ conj.除非;如果不 certainly /'s :rtnli/ adv.无疑;肯定;当然;行 wallet /'w l t/,/'wɑ:l t/ n.钱包 mile /ma l/ n.英里 angry /' ɡri/ adj. 发怒的;生气的 understanding /' nd (r)'st nd / adj.善解人意的;体谅人的 careless /'ke l s/,/'kerl s/ adj.粗心的;不小心的 mistake /m 'ste k/ n.错误;失误 himself /h m self/ pron.他自己 careful /'ke fl/,/'kerfl/ adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的 advise / d'va z/ v.劝告;建议 solve /s lv/,/sɑ:lv/ v.解决;解答 step /step/ n.步;步骤 trust /tr st/ v.相信;信任 experience / k'sp ri ns/,/ k'sp ri ns/ n.经验;经历
词汇拓展 shake n.&v.摇动;抖动→shook vp.→shook vpp *shake hands握手 spoon n.勺,调羹 →spoonful n.一勺 *a spoon of salt一勺盐 add v.增加;添加 *add up合计;相加 *add up to 加起来等于;合计 finally adv.最后;最终→final adj./n最终的;决赛;期末考试 salt /s :lt/ n.盐→salty adj.咸的 dig v.掘(地);凿(洞);挖(土)→dug vp.→dug vpp. *dig a hole 挖一个洞 traditional adj.传统的;惯例的→tradition n.传统 traveler n.漂泊者;旅行者;游客→travel v. celebrate v.庆祝;庆贺→celebration n.庆祝 mix v.(使)混合;融合→mixture n. *mix up… 将……混合 fill /f l/ v.(使)充满;装满→full adj.满的 *fill ...with...用...把...填满 *be filled with ...充满 serve v.接待;服务;提供→service n.服务→servant 仆人 prepare v.预备;准备→preparation n.准备 *prepare for=make a preparation for为...做准备 *prepare to do 准备做某事 hang v.悬挂;(使)低垂→hung vp.→hung vpp. *hang out闲逛 *hang up挂断(电话) *hang on不挂断 catch v./n.赶上;抓住;捕捉→caught vp.→caught vpp. *catch a cold感冒 *catch a bus赶公交车 invite v.邀请 → invitation n.邀请;邀请函 *accept one’s invitation接受邀请 *refuse one’s invitation拒绝邀请 *invite sb. to do邀请某人去做某事 refuse v.拒绝 *refuse to do拒绝做某事 meeting n.会议;集会→meet v.遇见 organize 组织;筹备→organization n.组织→organized adj.有组织的 advice n.劝告;建议→advise v.建议 *advise sb to do 建议某人做某事 *give sb. advice (on) 给……提(有关……)的建议 *take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 travel v.&n.旅行;游历→traveler n.旅行者 agent n.代理人;经纪人→agency n.代理商 expert n.专家;能手→exported adj. normal adj.正常的;一般的→abnormal adj.不同寻常的 angry adj. 发怒的;生气的→anger n.怒气 *be angry with sb.对某人生气 *be /get angry at / about sth. 因某事而生气 understanding adj.善解人意的;体谅人的→understanding n.理解→understand v.理解 careless adj.粗心的;不小心的→careful adj.小心的;谨慎的→careless adj.粗心的→care v./n.在乎;照料;小心 mistake n.错误;失误 *make a mistake 犯错误 * by mistake错误地 trust v.相信;信任→truth n.真想→true adj.真实的→truly adv.真实地
重点短语 1、milk shake 奶昔 2、turn on打开, turn off 关上 3、 pour ….into…. 将…...倒入…... 4、a cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶 5、 a good idea 一个好主意 6、on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 7、 cut up 切碎 8、put… into… 将…... 放入...… 9、one more thing 还有一件事 10、a piece of 一片/一张/一块 11、at this time 在此时 12、a few 几个 13、fill…with… 用… 装满 14、cover…with… 用...…盖住 15、one by one 一个接一个 16、a long time 长时间 17、cut… into pieces 将...…切成碎片 18、add…to(into)… 将...…加到......上(里) 19、mix...together… 将...…混合一在起 20、mix up… 将……混合 21、serve …to… 用...…招待…... 22、half a cup 半杯 23、another ten minutes 另外十分钟 24、peel the banana 剥一个香蕉 25、on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午 26、have to 必须 27、prepare for 准备 28、go to the doctor 去看病 29、have the flu 患流感 30、help my parents 给父母帮忙 31、come to the party 参加晚会 32、go to the party 参加晚会 33、too much homework 太多的家庭作业 34、go to the movies 去看电影 35、another time 下次,另外的时间,别的时间 36、last fall 去年秋天 37、hang out 闲逛 38、after school 放学后 39、on the weekend=on weekends 在周末 40、study for a test 备考 41、visit grandparents 拜访爷爷奶奶 42、the day before yesterday 前天 43、the day after tomorrow 后天 44、have a piano lesson 上钢琴课 45、look after 照看 46 make an invitation 制定邀请 47、accept an invitation 接受邀请 turn down (refuse) an invitation 拒绝邀请 48、take a trip to Wuhan 去武汉旅游 49、at the end of this month 在本月底 50、look forward to + doing 期望/渴望 51、the opening of… 开幕/开业 52、reply in writing 写回信 53、go shopping 购物 54、go to the concert 参加音乐会 55、not…until… 直到......才...... 56、go to the party 参加晚会 57、have a great /good time 玩的开心 58、have a class party 开班级晚会 59、have a class meeting 开班会 60、half the class 全班一半人 61、make some food 做食物 62、at the party 在晚会上 63、order food 预定食物 64、be angry with sb. 对某人生气 65、give sb some advice 给某人建议/劝告 66、travel around the world 周游世界 67、go to college 上大学 68、make(a lot of)money 挣钱/赚钱 69、get an education 上学/受教育 70、work hard 努力工作/努力学习 71、a soccer player 一个足球运动员 72、keep…to oneself 保守秘密 73、talk to sb. 与某人谈话 74、in life 在一生中 75、 in the end 在最后 76、be angry at/about sth 因某事而生气 77、 make mistakes 弄错/出差错 78、in the future 在将来 79、run away 逃跑 80、the first step 第一步 81、in half 成半 82、solve a problem 解决难题 83、school clean-up 学校大扫除
重点句型 1. Turn on the blender. 2. How do you make a banana milk shake 3. How many bananas do we need 4. How much yogurt do we need 5. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles! 6. First,… Then,… Next,… Finally,… 7. You can put more if you like. 8. This is going to taste great. 9. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles. 10. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy. 11. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 12. --Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon --Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam. 13. I’m not available. = I’m not free. 14. I’m sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.” 15. I already have a great idea about how to do that. 16. Let me know if you need my help. 17. I’m afraid I can’t.= I’m afraid not. 18. Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday. 19. Who are you going to the movies with 20. Are you free to come to my place on Saturday 21. Would you like to come to my birthday party 22. As I’m sure you know by now… 23. Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 24. I look forward to hearing from you all. 25. Our favorite teacher, Ms. Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US. 26. We’re very sad that she’s leaving. 27. To show how much we’re going to miss her, let’s have a surprise party for her next Friday 28th. 28. If so, can you help with any of these things 29. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. 30. If you do, the teachers won’t let you in. 31. If you do , you’ll be sorry. 32. If you don’t do this now, I’ll never do it. 33. If we do that, more people will want to play the game. 34. You can come with us if you want. 35. What will happen if they watch a video at the party 36. When is the good time to have the party 37. For the party next week, should we ask people to bring food 38. I will not make any friends if I always keep my ideas go myself. 39. Problems and worries are normal in life. 40. Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse. 41. Sharing a problem is like cutting it in half. 42. Talking to someone helps a lot. 43. She was afraid to tell her parents about it. 44. Laura once lost her wallet. Laura 45. They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful. 46. It’s best not to run away from our problems. 47. This person doesn’t need to be an expert. 48. So you’re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it. 49. Why not have it on the weekend 50. The worst thing is to do nothing. 51. He feels the same way as Laura.
知识点
◆考点1 3. how many…与how much…
how many和how much都用来对“数量”进行提问,意为“多少”,前者主要用来对可数名词进行提问,后接可数名词复数形式;后者主要用来对不可数名词进行提问,后接不可数名词。另外,how much还可以直接用于询问价格。例如:
-How many books are there on the desk 桌上有几本书?
-There are five. 有五本。
-How many weeks are there in a year 一年有多少个星期?
-There are fifty-two. 有五十二个。
-How much is your schoolbag 你的书包多少钱?
-It’s100 yuan. 一百元。
【注意】how much对价格提问,后接be动词时,be动词是单数形式还是复数形式,取决于be之后的名词。例如:
-How much are the bananas 这些香蕉多少钱?
-Two yuan a kilo. 两元一公斤。
-How much is the dictionary 这本字典多少钱?
-Forty yuan. 四十元。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020甘肃天水)47.—________ the population of Tianshui
—It’s about 3.6 million.
How many B.How much C.What is D.Which is
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——天水的人口是多少?——大约三千六百万。
考查特殊疑问句。how many多少,接可数名词;how much多少,接不可数名词;what什么;which哪一个。根据“the population”可知此处问人口数量,用“what is the population of…”。故选C。
◆考点2 Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and …
本句中的then意为“然后”,是副词,then在句子中常侧重于表示下一个动作“在……之后”,常与and连用,构成“…and then…”。例如:Open the window, and then look out of it. 打开窗户,然后向外看。
【拓展】then常见用法如下:
(1)then 作副词,意为“然后、其次、于是”。例如:
First comes spring, then summer. 先春天,后夏天。
He went to England, and then to Germany.他先到了英国,然后去了德国。
(2)then 作副词,意为“那么”。例如:
Then why did you do it 那么你为什么做这件事呢?
All right then, do what you like. 那好吧,你愿意做什么就做什么。
(3)then 作名词,意为“那时“(作介词宾语)。例如:
by then 到那时 from then on 从那以后 since then 从那时起 till then 到那时为止
◆考点3 How do you make a milk shake
(1)这是一个特殊疑问句。疑问词how意为“怎样,如何”,用以对做某事的方法、方式、途径及动作程度等进行提问,例如:How does the machine work 这台机器运转的怎么样?
(2)make 在此处意为“做”,后面可以接双宾语(指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语)。通常的结构是:make+间接宾语+直接宾语;make+直接宾语+for+间接宾语。即:
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 例如:She made us coffee. = She made coffee forus.
◆精题巧练
1.【2023甘肃武威、白银市】14. —________ do you learn these words by heart
—By using them in different ways.
A. When B. How C. Why D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意:——你是怎么把这些单词背下来的?——通过以不同的方式使用它们。when什么时候;how如何;why为什么;where哪里。根据“By using them...”可知此处询问方式,疑问词用how。故选B。
◆考点4 Oh,but Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.
until意为“直到……”,有下列用法:
作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。
作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。例如:
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
【拓展】
(1) until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。
(2) until可用于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到……才”,常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等,强调主句动作开始的时间。例如:The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
◆精题巧练
1.(2020四川甘孜州)10.I waited ______ they finished talking.
A.until B.if C.because
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我一直等到他们谈完了。
考查连词辨析。until直到……为止;if如果;because因为。根据题意“我等待着____他们谈完了”,结合选项可知此处是说一直等到他们谈完,用until符合题意。故选A。
2.(2020四川自贡)8.—Do you know the traffic rules
—Sure, one of them is that we can’t go across the street _____ the light is green.
A.when B.until C.after
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你知道交通规则吗?——当然,其中之一就是直到绿灯亮了我们才能过马路。
考查连词辨析。when当……时候;until直到;after在……之后。根据句中can’t可知,此处使用until,not until直到……才,此处表示“直到绿灯亮了我们才能过马路”。故选B。
◆考点5 Let me know if you need my help.
从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。例如:
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
【拓展】
if意为“是否”时,引导宾语从句;if意为“如果”时,引导条件状语从句。要注意在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子,if引导的从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如:
If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here.如果这场雨不停的话,我们就呆在这儿。
Hurry up, or you will be late.快点,否则你就迟到了。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川成都】6. ________ you treat others with your heart, you will get friendship in return.
A. If B. Until C. Unless
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:如果你用心对待别人,你会得到友谊作为回报。If如果;Until直到;Unless除非。此处前句是后句的肯定条件,“用心对待别人”就会“得到友谊”,需用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
◆考点6 What a great idea!
What a great idea!是一感叹句式,感叹句的句型结构如下:通常由what或how引导,一般各有三种情况:
What引导的感叹句:
What a(an)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!
What a new watch it is! 多新的一块手表啊!
(2)What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语!
What interesting books the children are reading! 孩子们读的书多么有趣啊!
(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊!
How引导的感叹句:
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!
How tall the girl is! 那个女孩多高啊!
(2) How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!
How heavy a box they are carrying! 他们抬的箱子多重啊!
(3) How+主语+谓语!
How time flies!时间过得多快!
◆考点7 I have to study for a math test.
have to意为“不得不,必须”,表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事,有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形。例如:
She isn’t very well these days and she has to stay at home.她这些天身体不太好,不得不待在家里。
Do you have to do everything 什么事都得你做吗?
She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。
【拓展】must与have to的辨析:
have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。
must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。例如:
You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。
It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。
◆精题巧练
【2023湖南省郴州】6. —________ people wear helmets (头盔) when riding electric bicycles
—Yes. It’s a new traffic rule.
A. Can B. Must C. May
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:——人们骑电动自行车时必须戴头盔吗?——是的。这是一项新的交通规则。Can可以;Must必须;May也许。根据“It’s a new traffic rule.”可知,是一项新的交通规则,所以骑电动自行车必须戴头盔。故选B。
◆考点8 . …because they’ll be too lazy to cook.
too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的,但意义上却表示否定含义,所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not,只接动词原形即可,too后接形容词或副词原形。例如:
The book is too difficult to understand.这本书难于理解。
【拓展】
(1) 在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后所跟的介词不能省略。例如:
The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。
(2) 在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子的主语时,动词不定式后面不能再加代词作宾语。例如:
The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了,无法回答。
(3) 在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时,可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑主语,即for sb.形式。例如:The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了,他搬不动。
(4) 含too…to…的句子可以改写成so…that…句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。例如:
He is too old to do hard work. =He is so old that he can’t do hard work.
他年纪太大而不能干重活。
(5) 含too…to…的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换,但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如:
He is too old to do hard work. =He is not young enough to do hard work. 他年纪大了,不能做重活。
◆考点9 Sometimes they have problems with their school work…
have problems with sth. 意为“在某方面有困难/有问题”。例如:
He has some problems with his ears. 他的耳朵有些问题。
【拓展】
have problem doing sth. = have problem (in)doing sth.意为“做某事遇到困难或麻烦”,
也可用have trouble/difficulty (in) doingsth.或with sth.
◆考点10 I think talking to someone helps a lot.
talking to someone是动名词短语,在句子中作从句的主语。动名词是动词的一种形式,具有名词特点,在句子中可以充当主语、表语或宾语。   
(1) 作主语,动名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
Walking on the moon is not so easy. 在月球上行走是不容易的。
Flying makes menervous. 飞行使我很紧张。
(2) 作宾语,有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please
你介意把收音机音量调小一点吗?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。   
(3) 作表语,动名词作表语,对主语进行说明、解释。例如:
Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.
她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
◆考点11 She was afraid to tell her parents about it.
(1) be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”,be afraid 之后可接不定式,也可接名词、代词或of doing sth。例如:
She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。
She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。
I’m afraid of the dog.我怕狗。
(2) 但若要表示担心可能会发生某事,则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。例如:
I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。
(3) be afraid后可接that从句。例如:
He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。
◆精题巧练
(2023·天津·统考中考真题)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow
—Sorry, I’m afraid I ________. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.
A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你明天想参观天津大学吗?——对不起,我恐怕不能。我要在我的社区做志愿者。
考查情态动词。can能够;can’t不能;must必须;mustn’t禁止。根据“I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.”可知不能去参观天津大学。故选B。
语法点
◆ 条件状语从句☆☆☆
概念
在主从复合句中,其从句的引导词是由if(如果)、unless(除非/如果不)、as long as(只要)这种表示如果、要是、除非等意思的连词充当时,那整个大句子就叫做条件状语从句。基本用法
连接词
常用引导词:if, unless,whether(whether...or not) 特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, in case(美语中表条件,英语中表目的)
三.句子结构
1:主将从现(和一般将来时的搭配应用)。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
I will be very busy if I am a teacher
I will buy you a gift if you treat me well
2:主情从现:主句用情态动词,从句用一般现在时
We can go to the zoo if our father come back on time
You can catch the early bus if you are in hurry
3:主祈从现:主句用祈使句,从句用一般现在
Call me immediately if you come back
Don’t make any noisy as long as the baby is sleeping
注意:在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时,而不用be going to 表示将来时。
注意:在when(当…时候), after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句为一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023湖南岳阳】4. You won’t pass the PE exam successfully ________ you exercise every day.
A. if B. unless C. as long as
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:除非你每天都锻炼,否则你不会顺利通过体育考试。if如果;unless除非,如果不;as long as只要。根据“You won’t pass the PE exam successfully...you exercise every day.”可知后句是前句的否定条件,应用unless引导条件状语从句,故选B。
2.【2023安徽省】8. Our country will be much better for everyone in future ________ we all do something to help now.
A. if B. before C. so that D. even though
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:如果我们现在都做些什么来帮助大家,我们的国家在未来会更好。if如果;before在之前;so that以便;even though即使。根据“Our country will be much better for everyone in future … we all do something to help now”可知,空格后是前半句的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句,故选A。
3.【2023甘肃武威、白银市】6. Let’s wait ________ the rain stops.
A. so B. while C. since D. until
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:让我们等雨停。so因此;while然而;since自从;until直到……。根据“Let’s wait … the rain stops.”可知,此处指等着直到雨停,用until引导时间状语从句。故选D。
4.【2023黑龙江省牡丹江】8. Zhang Guimei once said. “________ I’m alive, I will donate (献身) myself to teaching.”
A. Even though B. As soon as C. As long as
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:张桂梅曾经说过。“只要我活着,我会把自己奉献给教学。”Even though即使;As soon as一……就…… ;As long as只要。根据“I’m alive, I will donate (献身) myself to teaching.”可知,句子前后为条件关系,用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选C。
5.【2023辽宁本溪辽阳葫芦岛】6. It’s raining too hard outside. We won’t leave ________ the rain stops.
A. if B. after C. when D. until
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意: 外面雨下得太大了。雨停了我们才能离开。if如果;after在……之后;when当……时候;until直到。此处是not...until...“直到……才……”结构,故选D。
6.【2023吉林长春】12. It is really dangerous _______ people run the red traffic light.
A. if B. unless C. though D. until
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:如果人们闯红灯,是很危险的。if如果;unless除非;though尽管;until直到……为止。“people run the red traffic light”是危险的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
8.【2023辽宁抚顺】8. My parents won’t allow me to do things I like ________ I finish my homework.
A. if B. but C. because D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:我的父母不允许我做我喜欢的事情,除非我完成我的家庭作业。if如果;but但是;because因为;unless除非。“I finish my homework”是“My parents won’t allow me to do things I like”的否定条件,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。
9.【2023江苏宿迁】3. Miss Xu goes jogging in Huanghe Park every morning ________ it rains.
A. unless B. till C. since D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:除非下雨,徐小姐每天早上都去黄河公园慢跑。unless除非;till直到……为止;since自从;as因为。“it rains”是“徐小姐每天早上都去黄河公园慢跑”的否定条件,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。
◆ 可数名词和不可数名词☆☆☆☆
根据名词表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
可数名词:其本身可以用来计数的名词是可数名词,如desk。表示“一个”的概念时属于单数,单数名词前要用不定冠词a或an ,如a map ,an orange ;表示“两个或两个以上(多个)”时属于复数,要在名词词尾加-s或-es ,如three books ,five keys 等。
多数在名词词尾加-s hamburgers ,oranges ,bananas ,pears ,apples ,vegetables
以S,SH,CH,X或O结尾的名词 在词尾加-es: boxes ,watches ,buses ,tomatoes .
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es: families ,dictionaries ,strawberries .
以“f或fe”结尾的名词,把“f或fe”变成-ves在词尾加-s. knife-knives ,leaf-leaves,shelf-shelve
1.一些以字母o结尾的名词变复数时有的加-es有的加-s
Negro)→Negroes hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes
注意: photo→photos (照片)
2.不规则变化 man→men tooth→teeth child→children
注意:
1.不可数名词:用“计量单位词+of短语”表示,其数量通过of前面的名词来体现出来。
a glass of water 一杯水 two glasses of water 两杯水a cup of tea 一杯茶
two cups of tea 两杯茶 a piece of bread 一片面包 two pieces of bread两片面包
还有一类词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,
如:orange(橘子汁,不可数)→ oranges(橘子,可数)
chicken(鸡肉,不可数)→chickens(小鸡,可数)
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江西省】1. —Kevin, could you pass me some ________ It’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A. rice B. bread C. water D. chicken
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——凯文,你能递给我一些水吗?今天很热。我真的很渴。——好的。给你。rice米;bread面包;water水;chicken鸡肉。根据“I’m really thirsty.”可知口渴要喝水。故选C。
2. 【2023江苏徐州】2. Of all the ________, I love summer best.
A. seasons B. subjects C. colours D. hobbies
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:在所有的季节中,我最喜欢夏季。seasons季节;subjects科目;colours颜色;hobbies爱好。根据“I love summer best.”可知,此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季。故选A。
3.【2023江苏扬州】8. —What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________!
A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——扬州有哪些名胜古迹?——我推荐瘦西湖。乘船游览是一种美妙的体验!movement移动,转移;attraction有吸引力的事物;experience经历;research研究。根据“A boat tour is a wonderful”可知,此处说的是一种体验/经历,故选C。
4.【2023四川自贡市】1. — What’s your favorite ______
— Apples. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. fruit B. drink C. job
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——你最喜欢的水果是什么?——苹果。一天一个苹果,医生远离我。fruit水果;drink饮料;job工作。根据“Apples.”可知,此处询问最喜欢的水果。故选A。
5.【2023四川凉山州】7. All in all, ________ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康). Hope my advice can help you.
A. communication B. information C. instruction
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:总而言之,与朋友的交流是你心理健康的最佳药物。希望我的建议能帮到你。communication交流;information信息;instruction用法说明。根据“All in all, ...with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康).”可知,与朋友交流是心理健康的最佳药物,故选A。