备战2024年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题05非谓语动词 学案(含解析)

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名称 备战2024年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题05非谓语动词 学案(含解析)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题05 非谓语动词
We regret (tell) you that your application has not been successful. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to tell
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我们很遗憾地告诉你,你的申请没有成功。结合句意可知,此处指对要做的事情遗憾,应用regret to do sth结构,故填to tell。
动名词与不定式的不同
1) 动名词与不定式的区别
动名词 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的
不定式 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的
2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相近,如:begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。
3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组:
stop to do stop doing
forget to do forget doing
remember to do remember doing
regret to do regret doing
cease to do cease doing
try to do try doing
go on to do go on doing
afraid to do afraid doing
interested to do interested doing
mean to do mean doing
begin / start to do begin/ start doing
常见考法
1. 不定式作状语;
2. it作形式主语代替后面的不定式;
3. 不定式的否定形式;
4. 被动语态中的不定式;
5. 不定式省to情况;
6. 不定式作定语的情况。
误区提醒
1. 不定式的不同形式误用;
2. 被动语态中仍然省to;
3. 否定形式not位置弄错;
4. 主动语态中该省to不省;
5. 不定式作定语时丢内容。
动名词作宾语
a. 作动词的宾语,某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词,不能加不定式,如advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear等。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当违反交通规则时,Mark总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。
b. 作介词的宾语(单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语),如depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。
We are against killing small animals. 我们反对屠杀小动物。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work 我们是休息一下还是继续工作?
c. 作短语动词的宾语give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。
He is often persuaded to give up smoking. 他总是被劝戒烟。
d. 其他情况be worth, be busy, can’t help, can’t stand等。
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这音乐值得反复听。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。
不定式作宾语
I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom谈谈。
Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示一下怎么操作。
(consist) of chewy handmade noodles and flavorful and clear soup, shaved a beef deep red chili oil and lots of characteristic ingredients, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has received a large number of votes from Chinese citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:兰州牛肉面由有嚼劲的手工面条和美味的清汤组成,再加上牛肉深红辣椒油和许多特色食材,兰州牛肉面获得了中国公民的大量投票。句中谓语是has received,空格处用非谓语动词,Lanzhou Beef Noodles和consist of之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Consisting。
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】recording
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我在过去的两年里记录了我所发现的一切。spend+时间+(in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。根据空前的spent可知,此处使用动词record“记录”的动名词形式recording,作宾语。故填recording。
动名词作主语:
a. 直接位于句首作主语。
Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。
b. it作形式主语,常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。
It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他没必要担心。
注意:important, essential, necessary之后常用不定式。
c. 用于"There be"结构中。
There is no saying when he’ll come. 不知道他什么时候回来。
d. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).(这里)禁止抽烟。
No parking. 禁止停车。
e. 动名词的复合结构作主语。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们的到来及提供的帮助对我们来说是极大地鼓励。
动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
a. 动名词多用来表示泛指,不定式多用来表示特指。
Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟对健康有害。
It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你不好。
b. 在It is no use..., It is no good..., It is fun..., It is a waste of time...等句型中,常用动名词作真实主语。
It is no use talking about that. 说那些没有用。
It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架没好处。
c. 在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,不用不定式的复合结构作主语。
Does your saying that mean anything to him 你说那个对他意味着什么对吗?
d. 在"There be"句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。
There is no telling what will happen. 没有被告知将要发生什么。
e. 句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It remains (see) whether or not they will accept the offer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be seen
【详解】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。句意:他们是否会接受这个提议还有待观察。remain to do sth.表示“有待做某事”,分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,真正的主语为whether or not引导的从句,结合句意可知,动词see和主语之间是被动关系,因此空处应用动词不定式的被动结构to be done。故填to be seen。
常见后跟动名词的动词有:
acknowledge承认,自认 cease 停止 mention说到,讲到
admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢,讨厌
advocate提倡,主张 complete完成 dread可怕
appreciate感激,欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受
avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有,喜爱
bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can’t help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑,逃避
can’t stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口
consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想,爱好
favor 造成,偏爱 mind介意 repent悔悟
figure描绘,计算 miss错过 resent怨恨
finish完成,结束不得 pardon原谅,饶恕 resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复
imagine设想 postpone延迟,延期 risk冒险
involve卷入,包含 practise实行,实践 suggest建议
hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救,储蓄
keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持,忍受
loathe非常讨厌,厌恶 recall回想
I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me (enter) my ideal college. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to enter
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我想我能取得一个好成绩,这将使我能够进入我理想的大学。enable sb. to do 为固定短语,意为“使某人做某事”,空格处应用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to enter。
常见后跟动词不定式的动词有:
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝
decide决定 learn学习 vow起
contrive设法,图谋 incline有……倾向 propose提议
seek找,寻觅 try试图
【归纳】
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help
A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important (grow) your own food.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to grow
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:英国的一个小镇正在告诉全世界,种植自己的食物很重要。分析句子可知,此处为固定句型it is+形容词+to do,表示“做某事是怎样的”,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式to do作真正的主语。故填to grow。
It was bound (happen) sooner or later. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to happen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这迟早会发生。分析句子可知,此处用了固定短语be bound to do (sth.),表示“必定会……”,空处需用happen的不定式形式to happen。故填to happen。
It takes me less than 15 minutes (wash), get changed, have breakfast and leave home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to wash
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我洗漱、换衣服、吃早餐和离开家只需要不到15分钟。固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”,it是形式主语,不定式作主语。故填to wash。
Our aim is (finish) our revision ahead of time and organise a voluntary activity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to finish
【详解】考查不定式。句意:我们的目标是提前完成复习并组织一次志愿活动。aim意为“目标”,用不定式作表语,故填to finish。
It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that I realized the importance of treasuring youth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be admitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:直到我失去了被我梦想中的大学录取的机会,我才意识到珍惜青春的重要性。分析句子,句中lost为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处lose the opportunity to do为固定短语,意为“失去去做某事的机会”,使用不定式结构作后置定语;同时I和admit之间是被动关系,故使用不定式被动结构。故填to be admitted。
Misunderstanding (arise) from the lack of communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arising
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺乏沟通而产生的误解,如果处理不当,可能会导致严重的问题。分析句子结构可知arise与逻辑主语Misunderstanding构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填arising。
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词作定语
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意
当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
动名词作定语和动词不定式作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route by foot. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to journey
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最近,一名来自北京的视觉挑战男子徒步40天抵达西安,这是徒步走一带一路的第一步。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动词,修饰名词step,且名词前由序数词first修饰,后边应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to journey。
动名词和现在分词的同与不同
相同之处:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful. 能做演讲,他肯定很开心。(现在分词短语,作状语)
She hates speaking in the public. 她讨厌做演讲。(动名词短语,作宾语)
区别:
1)动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
a. 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于"是",通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变。
My hobby is swimming.可改为:Swimming is my hobby. 我的爱好是游泳。
b. 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
The story is interesting. 不可改为:Interesting is the story. 这个故事很有趣。
2)动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,区别在于:动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。比较:
a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming表示被修饰名词boy的动作。
a swimming suit 游泳衣,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。
常见考法
1. 动名词做主语时,谓语动词的数;
2. 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词;
3. 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语;
4. 有些词后只能接动名词;
5. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法。
误区提醒
1. 动名词(短语)作主语,谓语数用错;
2. to作不定式符号和介词分不清;
3. 否定形式not位置不对;
4. 动名词和现在分词的用法弄混;
5. 只接动名词的动词和短语、句型识记不完整。
The ancient town is so peaceful that it is worth (visit) a second time.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】visiting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:这座古镇如此宁静,值得再去一次。分析句子可知,这里考查be worth doing sth.表“值得做某事”,visit用动名词形式作宾语。故填visiting。
The career you have decide (define) your life, and so (take) time to think about it is an essential exercise. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 defines taking
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。句意:你所选择的职业决定了你的生活,所以花时间思考它是一个必要的练习。分析句子结构可知,本句是and so连接的并列句,前句中you have decide为省略that或which的定语从句修饰career,空处为主句谓语动词,根据句意,应是define意为“定义”符合语境,句中描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是career,为第三人称单数,所以填defines;后句中缺少主语,所以空处应填动名词形式和后面的time to think about it一起作主语。故填①defines;②taking。
At last, we had a narrow escape, fortunately escaping (hurt) by the polar bear. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being hurt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,我们死里逃生,幸运地躲过了北极熊的伤害。分析句子可知,空处作escaping的宾语,应用动名词形式,且结合by the polar bear可知,hurt“使……受伤”和we逻辑上是被动的关系,因此应用动名词的被动语态,即being done的形式。故填being hurt。
(expose) too early to the foreign language study, according to some experts, may lead to some unfavorable outcomes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Being exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据一些专家的说法,过早接触外语学习可能会导致一些不利的结果。be exposed to固定搭配,意为“接触”。分析句子结构可知,从句缺少主语,所以用动名词作主语。句首单词首字母大写。根据句意,故填Being exposed。
It is up to the (regulate) authority to put the measures into effect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】regulating
【详解】考查动名词。句意:应该由管理部门落实这些措施。空处修饰名词authority,应用动名词形式作定语,表示被修饰词的目的或用途,故填regulating。
I’ll get round to (mend) it eventually. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】mending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我最终会抽出时间来修理它的。get round to“抽出时间来做”,to是介词,接动名词作宾语,故填mending。
These exercises will help to (flat) your stomach. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】flatten
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些运动将有助于使你的腹部变平坦。分析句子可知,此处用了固定短语help to do sth.,表示“帮助做……”,空处需用flat的动词形式flatten,构成不定式,作help的宾语,表示“使……平坦”。故填flatten。
过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语。
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
Please read your article in a loud voice to make yourself (hear) clearly by all. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】heard
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:请大声朗读你的文章,让大家都能听清楚。此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词hear和宾语yourself之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补,表示被动,故填heard。
不定式作宾补
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。
Don’t leave that man over there (wait) outside and show him in now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:不要让那边的那个人在外面等着,现在就带他进去。分析句子结构可知,空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语 that man之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填waiting。
The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】laid
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:客厅干净整洁,餐桌已经摆好准备吃饭了。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,a dining table和lay为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填laid。
The official insists medical aid should be given to developing countries with no strings (attach). (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】attached
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位官员坚持认为,应该向发展中国家提供无附加条件的医疗援助。此处是with复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语,宾语no strings 和动词attach(附加)是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填attached。
With the final exam (approach), all the students are busy going over their lessons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】approaching
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意:随着期末考试的临近,所有的学生都在忙着复习功课。分析句子成分可知,此处是with复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语,动词approach和宾语“the final exam”之间为主动关系,故用doing形式作宾语补足语。故填approaching。
1. (see) the photos of the coastal city, I have no desire to visit it; it’s crowded all year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having seen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:看过这个海滨城市的照片,我不想去了;那里一年到头都很拥挤。句中谓语是have,空格处用非谓语动词,I和see之间是主谓关系,且see的动作发生在have之前,因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having seen,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Having seen。
2.They spent most of the daytime (lie) on the beach, enjoying the sun and reading a book. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】lying
【详解】考查动名词。句意:他们白天大部分时间都躺在沙滩上,享受着阳光,读着书。spend some time (in)doing sth.是固定短语,意为“花费时间做某事”,因此空格处用动名词lying作宾语,故填lying。
3.We may travel from time to time (broaden) our horizons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to broaden
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们可以不时地旅行来开阔我们的视野。根据句意,“开阔我们的视野”是“旅行”的目的,broaden our horizons作目的状语,用不定式形式to broaden our horizons。故填to broaden。
4.The policemen have questioned 3 persons (suspect) of stealing the money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】suspected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:警察审问了3个涉嫌偷钱的人。suspect是个及物动词,意思是“怀疑”,固定用法是“suspect sb. of sth.”,意思是“怀疑某人做了某事”。本句中已经存在谓语have questioned,所以suspect只能做非谓语动词;它的逻辑主语是persons,二者呈被动关系,所以它需要使用过去分词的形式,故答案是suspected。
5.All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, (enjoy) the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】enjoying
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:一路上我们聊天,唱歌并开怀大笑,享受着新鲜的空气和美丽的风景。分析句子结构可知,enjoy不是谓语动词,它与句子主语we为主动关系,因此使用现在分词作状语。故填enjoying。
6.You should pay attention to it and avoid (make) the same mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你应该注意这一点,避免犯同样的错误。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”,空处需填动名词making,作宾语。故填making。
7.Last week, we took part in our school’s 10th ceremony (hold) in the lecture hall. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】held
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:上周,我们参加了在报告厅举行的学校第十届典礼。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词took part in,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词ceremony,hold和ceremony为逻辑动宾关系,且该动作已经完成,需用过去分词形式。故填held。
8.For clothes which are worn out, we should get them (mend) and keep wearing them so that we can reduce the resource of waste and pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】mended
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:对于穿破了的衣服,我们应该把它们补好,继续穿,这样我们就可以减少浪费和污染的资源。空前的them指代前文clothes which are worn out,与动词mend之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补,故填mended。
9.I felt really sorry for not (hand) in the paper on time and for the inconvenience it would bring to you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】handing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:对于没有按时上交论文,给您带来的不便,我深感抱歉。分析句子可知,空处作介词for的宾语,应用hand的动名词形式,构成动名词的否定式。故填handing。
10. (face) problems, she always turns to her teachers for help, which costs her less time to do her homework. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:面对问题,她总是向她的老师寻求帮助,这花了她更少的时间做作业。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词turns,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,she和face为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Facing。
11.People may also choose (shop) on the Internet because it can save some time for those who don’t have much spare time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to shop
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们也可以选择在网上购物,因为它可以为那些没有多少空闲时间的人节省一些时间。此处用固定短语choose to do sth.表示“选择做某事”,空处应用shop的不定式形式,作宾语。故填to shop。
12.When (pay), you should use the third party services so that personal details should not be revealed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】paying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在付款时,您应使用第三方服务,以免个人资料泄露。分析句子可知,空处应填非谓语动词和when构成时间状语,pay和逻辑主语you之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填paying。
13.The producer saw talent in the music composition (write)by Jay and decided to give him a chance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】written
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:制作人看到了Jay的作曲天赋,决定给他一个机会。分析句子可知,saw是谓语动词,write是非谓语动词,和composition是被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填written。
14.The chairman (represent) the Student Union approached me, greeting me with a smile. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】representing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:代表学生会的主席向我走来,微笑着跟我打招呼。分析句子可知,此处用分词在句中作定语,修饰主语chairman,二者是主动关系,用现在分词,故填representing。
15.The three most historic sites in Pingyao, often (refer) to as the city’s “Three Historic Treasures”, are the ancient brick-made city wall, Zhenguo Temple and Shuanglin Temple. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】referred
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:平遥最具历史意义的三处遗址,通常被称为平遥的“三大历史瑰宝”,分别是古城墙、镇国寺和双林寺。句中谓语是are,空格处用非谓语动词,sites和refer之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填referred。
16.We are organizing an art show for our school students to (exhibition) their works of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exhibit
【详解】考查动词和动词不定式。句意:我们正在为我们学校的学生组织一个艺术展来展示他们的艺术作品。根据“We are organizing an art show for our school students”可知,此处是指为了展示他们的艺术作品,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。动词exhibit意为“展示”。故填to exhibit。
17.She’s doing a course to (sharp) her business skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sharpen
【详解】考查动词。句意:她正在上一门提高商业技能的课程。根据提示词和句意可知,此处使用动词sharpen,设空处接在不定式符号to后,应用动词原形。故填sharpen。
18.He wrote a book (document) his prison experiences. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】documenting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他写了一本书,记录了自己在狱中的经历。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词wrote,空处作非谓语动词,document与逻辑主语book之间是主动关系,空处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填documenting。
19.She signaled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line (cover) their heads with their hands. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】covering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她示意学生们有序地排队离开教室,用手捂着头。分析句子结构可知,空处需要非谓语动词作状语,和其逻辑主语students为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填covering。
20.She found herself (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stuck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她发现自己被困在家里,只有电脑陪伴她。此处是find+宾语+宾语补足语结构,宾语herself和动词stick(困住)是被动关系,be stuck at固定搭配,意为“被困在”,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填stuck。
21.We can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our (trust) friends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】trusted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:在我们信任的朋友的安慰、建议和帮助下,我们可以更好地走“人生之路”。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词friends,trust与friends之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填trusted。
22.The main problem in my English study is that words are difficult (memorize). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to memorize
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我学习英语的主要问题是单词很难记忆。be difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很难”,动词memorize与其逻辑主语words构成逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动形式。故填to memorize。
23.Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】offering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:Ken确实得到了那份工作,因为他给我看了提供给他那份工作的正式信函。分析句子结构可知,offer在句中应用非谓语动词形式,作后置定语修饰名词短语the official letter,the official letter与动词offer构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式表主动。故填offering。
24.The exercises are designed to (strong) your muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意:这些练习旨在增强你的肌肉。be designed to do sth. 表示“被设计用来做某事”,to 为不定式符号,后接动词原形。strengthen 为动词,意为“加强;增强”。故填strengthen。
25.They were keen (stress) that these risks were relative and remained small. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to stress
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们热衷于强调,这些风险是相对的,而且风险很小。分析句子结构可知,主句已有谓语动词“were”,故空处需填非谓语动词,be keen to do sth表示“热衷于作某事”,需填动词不定式。故填to stress。
26. (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To make
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:为了更容易与我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片放在手边。分析句子可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。位于句首,单词首字母需大写,故填To make。
27.Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】used
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:普通肥皂,正确使用,可以有效地处理细菌。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词can deal with,所以use用非谓语形式,use与其逻辑主语Ordinary soap为被动关系,表示“被使用”,用过去分词表被动作状语,故填used。
28.The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】laid
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:客厅干净整洁,餐桌已经摆好准备吃饭了。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,a dining table和lay为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填laid。
29. (keep) his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To keep
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动,James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词形式,结合句意可知,此处意为“为了”,表示目的,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系,应使用不定式作目的状语,位于句首时首字母大写。故填To keep。
30. (consist) of chewy handmade noodles and flavorful and clear soup, shaved a beef deep red chili oil and lots of characteristic ingredients, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has received a large number of votes from Chinese citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:兰州牛肉面由有嚼劲的手工面条和美味的清汤组成,再加上牛肉深红辣椒油和许多特色食材,兰州牛肉面获得了中国公民的大量投票。句中谓语是has received,空格处用非谓语动词,Lanzhou Beef Noodles和consist of之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Consisting。
31.I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to catch
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:开会的时候我一直在看表,因为我要赶火车。分析句子,as引导的原因状语从句中had为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处使用不定式结构作定语。故填to catch。
32.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买汤包,一笼屉是不够的,然而两笼屉似乎有点贪婪,所以我总是想下次多吃一些。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词“am left”,空处需填非谓语动词,want和逻辑主语I之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作主语补足语,leave sb doing sth“使某人保持做某事的状态”,此处为其被动结构sb. be left doing。故填wanting。
33.Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be lifted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。句中allow +宾语+to do sth为固定短语,意为“允许……去做某事,使得……去做某事”。句中them指代前文的Xiao long bao,其与lift之间是被动关系,故使用不定式的被动结构作宾补。故填to be lifted。
34. (charge) with acting dishonestly in her business, she was in low spirits. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Charged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于被指控在生意上不诚实,她情绪低落。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入非谓语动词,动词与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系,因此需要使用过去分词,表示被动。故填Charged。
35.With his relatives’ eyes (focus) on him, he felt very nervous. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】focused
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:亲戚们的目光都集中在他身上,他感到非常紧张。分析句式结构可知,此处是with的复合结构,即with+宾语+宾补,又因为focus和宾语eyes之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾补。故填focused。
36.Our mother insists on us (eat) healthy food. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】eating
【详解】考查动名词。句意:我们的母亲坚持要我们吃健康的食物。insist on sb. doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“坚决要求某人做某事”,所以空格处应该填入动名词形式,构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故填eating。
37.Busy playing a computer game, he could not be bothered (listen) to my proposal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to listen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他忙着玩电脑游戏,顾不上听我的建议。表示“费力做某事、愿意花时间和精力做某事”短语为be bothered to do sth.。故填to listen。
38.When (build) his original Apple prototype(原型)computer, Jobs encountered a shortage of funds. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】building
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意:当乔布斯制造他最初的苹果原型电脑时,他遇到了资金短缺的问题。“when+非谓语动词”结构是状语从句的省略,即当状语从句和主句是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。所填动词的逻辑主语是Jobs,和build是主动关系,完整从句为When he was building his original Apple prototype(原型)computer,省略主语和be动词,用现在分词形式,故填building。
39.“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】borrowing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平相处,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
40.To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to bite
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
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