2024年高考英语押题卷01(全国通用)(原卷版+解析版,含听力音频及听力原文)

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名称 2024年高考英语押题卷01(全国通用)(原卷版+解析版,含听力音频及听力原文)
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更新时间 2024-03-25 11:30:39

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2024年高考英语押题卷01(全国通用)
注意事项:
1. 答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁:考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.(2024·陕西汉中·统考一模)What is to blame according to the man
A.Uncomfortable seats. B.The traffic noise. C.Miss Lee’s weak voice.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Miss Lee’s voice is so soft that I can hardly hear clearly what she is saying.
M: Don’t blame her. It’s the traffic outside. Next time it’s better to sit at the front.
2.(2024·河南新乡·统考一模)What does the woman want to do
A.Have a rest. B.Dance with the man. C.Practice dancing for another hour.
【答案】A
【原文】M: How did your dancing lesson go today
W: Exciting, but it was hard work. I really need a rest now.
M: Yeah, I can see that. Go and get relaxed.
3.(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)What is the occupation of the woman
A.A receptionist. B.A saleswoman. C.A waitress.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Good evening, Mister. Is there anything I can help you
M: Yes, I’d like to make a reservation for June 24. Is there a standard room available
W: Please hold on. I’ll check it for you.
4.(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)When was the show due to start
A.At 8:00 pm. B.At 9:00 pm. C.At 11:00 pm.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Look at the time—9:00 pm. The concert was supposed to begin an hour ago.
M: Relax. These things never start on time. There’s always some delay before a show really starts.
W: But my last bus is at 11:00 pm. That means I’ll miss some of the show.
5.(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)How will the woman probably go to New York
A.By car. B.By train. C.By bus.
【答案】B
【原文】W: What do you think is the best way to get to New York
M: Well, as it has been raining heavily these days, taking a bus or driving your own car can be dangerous. So, taking the train may be your best choice.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间,每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6、7题。
(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)
6.Why does the man feel discouraged
A.Because he has put on some weight.
B.Because he didn’t make it to the team.
C.Because he couldn’t resist the dishes and snacks.
7.What does the woman think the man should do
A.Join a fitness programme.
B.Keep himself healthy.
C.Stop eating dishes and snacks.
【答案】6.B 7.A
【原文】M: Hi, Tiffany.
W: Hi, Mark. You look very sad today.
M: You know, I scored 15 goals last year, but I was still not selected for the team. It just doesn’t make sense.
W: Well, I believe you’ve put on some pounds right Since your coming back after the spring break, you’re not the player you used to be.
M: Yeah, I admit I just couldn’t resist the dishes and snacks my mum made every day.
W: How about us setting up a fitness programme for you to lose weight
M: OK. How long will it take
W: To get you back in shape, at least a month.
M: A month I cannot do a month!
W: If you want to be back in the team, that’s what you need to do.
听第7段对话,回答第8、9题。
(2024·四川泸州·校考一模)
8.What will the woman do in the club
A.Cook a lunch. B.Do the washing-up. C.Work as a driver.
9.When will Mrs. Clara go to the hospital
A.Next Tuesday. B.Next Wednesday. C.Next Friday.
【答案】8.C 9.A
【原文】W: Hello, I’d like to do some volunteer service to help others in my free time. What can I do
M: We set up a lunch club for the elderly. Some people in need are from neighboring villages, so we need more drivers.
W: I’m willing to help with that. So what exactly do I need to help elder residents
M: Well, in fact, there’s Mrs. Clara. She needs a lift to the hospital next Tuesday. Does that suit you
W: Yes. No problem. I’ll also be free next Friday.
听第8段对话,回答第10至12题。
(2024·河南新乡·统考一模)
10.Who is the woman probably
A.A bank manager. B.A restaurant owner. C.A land agent.
11.Why does the man talk to the woman
A.To save $40,000. B.To answer questions. C.To borrow some money.
12.Where does the man intend to set up his business
A.In Lincoln Road. B.Next to the bank. C.In his grandmother’s house.
13.What does the woman think is a must for the man to set up his business
A.The location. B.His future plans. C.Enough customers.
【答案】10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B
【原文】W: Come in, sir. Please sit down.
M: Thank you. Thanks very much for fitting me in. I know you must be very busy.
W: Not at all. We do try to be available as much as possible.
M: Well, as you know, I’ve come to see if there is any chance of the bank lending me some money to help me set up a small restaurant in the center of town.
W: Well... I need to ask you one or two questions to start with. Do you have any capital of your own
M: Er, in fact, I’ve just come into some money. You see, my grandmother recently died and left me $40,000 which I wanted to use for the business. But I still need more money to start my business.
W: I see. And have you actually picked out a suitable location for the restaurant
M: Yes, I think so. In Lincoln Road. It’s on the ground floor.
W: Fine. And how about future plans It’s a must. Have you brought your business proposal
M: Sure. I’ve prepared all for it. Here you are.
W: You’re so careful, sir. And we’ll inform you about the loan within three days.
M: Thank you. Looking forward to your early reply.
听第9段对话,回答第13至16题。
(2023·江西宜春·校联考二模)
14.What should the woman hand in next Monday
A.A film review. B.A passage. C.A summary.
15.How many words does the woman need to write for the assignment
A.About 150. B.About 120. C.About 100.
16.What does the man ask the woman to do
A.Remember the new words.
B.Recite the text to the class.
C.Copy the idioms three times.
【答案】14.C 15.A 16.A
【原文】M: Now, I will assign a few after-class exercises for you. Please open your books and turn to page 167. Have you got it, Mary
W: Yes, I got it. It’s the short passage, “Grandpa’s Gift” , right
M: Yes. That’s what I’d like you to read after class and then write a summary, which will need to be handed in next Monday.Any questions
W: Yes. Mr.Smith,do you have any requirements about the length of the summary
M: Oh,as it is a summary, I don’t want you to make it very complicated, so keep it short, about 150 words.
W: OK, I understand. I will try to use what we’ve learned today in the summary. Are there any other assignments
M: Read the text and make sure that you understand the meaning of the text. I suggest you copy the text three times, but you needn’t memorize it. Just try to remember all the new words. Be sure that you know their spelling, pronunciation and meaning.
W: OK, and I will review today’s lesson and learn all the new words by heart.
听第10段对话,回答第17至20题。
(2023·江西抚州·金溪一中校联考一模)
17.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Old flatmates. B.Schoolmates. C.New classmates.
18.Why did the woman choose West Village University
A.It was fairly close to her house.
B.It provided her with a scholarship.
C.It was recommended by her parents.
19.What did the man’s brother major in at college
A.Psychology. B.Engineering. C.Business.
20.What are the speakers going to do tonight
A.Eat out. B.Meet professors. C.Share living fees.
【答案】17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A
【原文】W: Hello, my name is Joanne and I will be your new flatmate.
M: Nice to meet you, Joanne. I’m Carl. So, I hear you’re a college student at West Village University. Is that right
W: Yes. I’m studying psychology at West Village and I’ll start my first year there.
M: That’s great. I’m also a student at West Village and I’m studying engineering in my second year. What made you want to go to West Village University
W: Well, I was in between two schools at first—West Village University and Sacred Heart University. I ended up choosing West Village because they offered me a generous scholarship, while my parents thought that Sacred Heart University was near my house. How about you, Carl
M: I chose West Village University because it was fairly close to my home and my brother had attended the school before me. He said he had a great time in learning business. He gave me all the tips and tricks about which professors to follow and what to avoid.
W: Today is our first meeting. How about having dinner together We can have a chat about our hobbies and living habits.
M: Sounds lovely. It’s my treat today.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·江西赣州·统考二模)Four of the Top 10 Fastest Bullet Trains in the World 2023
FUXING HAO CR400AF/BF-CHINA, 249 MPH
The world’s fastest long-distance standard train is the Fuxing Hao CR400. It runs between Shanghai and Beijing in just five hours, with a capacity of over 550 passengers. Known as “Dolphin Blue” and “Golden Phoenix” are the two versions AF and BF, slightly different from each other. Fuxing Hao debuted(首秀)in 2016 and lowered its sibling Harmony 380 by 13 mph to second place.
EUROSTAR E320-THE UNITED KINGDOM, 200 MPH
In 2015, Siemens launched the Eurostar E320, whose interiors were designed by famous Pininfarina Italian stylists. The train will easily accommodate 900 people, 20 more than Eurostar E300. Eurostar is remarkably environmentally sustainable, with 90 percent fewer emissions per passenger than London’s flight to Paris.
TALGO 350-SPAIN, 217 MPH
Built by Patentes Talgo, the Spanish Talgo 350 runs between Madrid and Barcelona. In Spanish, the train has a nickname, ‘Pato,’ meaning duck. This is because of the raised nose cone(圆锥形)similar to a duckbill. There are multiple classes for seats: Club(with 14-26 seats), First(with 26 seats)and Coach(with 36 seats). Each seat comes with lamps for reading and laptop and mobile phone charging power points.
AGV ITALO-ITALY, 223 MPH
It has the distinction of being the fastest train in Europe at 223 mph. Nicknamed “Ferrari of the tracks,’ the plum red trains are operated by Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori, a company led by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, the former president of Ferrari. The compartments in it are 9 feet tall, making it easier to navigate with baggage, and there are luxurious leather seats also in the general compartments.
21.Which of the following is the fastest train
A.Fuxing Hao CR400. B.Eurostar E320.
C.Talgo 350. D.Agv Italo.
22.How many people can Eurostar E300 hold
A.750. B.880.
C.900. D.920.
23.What do Talgo 350 and Agv Italo have in common
A.Their own nickname. B.Strange shapes.
C.Political backgrounds. D.Large seats.
【答案】21.A 22.B 23.A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了2023年世界十大最快子弹头列车中的四辆列车得基本信息。
21.细节理解题。根据FUXING HAO CR400AF/BF-CHINA, 249 MPH标题下“The world’s fastest long-distance standard train is the Fuxing Hao CR400. (复世界上最快的长途标准列车是复兴号CR400。)可知,最快的火车是复兴号CR400。故选A项。
22.细节理解题。根据EUROSTAR E320-THE UNITED KINGDOM, 200 MPH标题下“The train will easily accommodate 900 people, 20 more than Eurostar E300.”(这列火车将轻松容纳900人,比欧洲之星E300多20人。)可知,欧洲之星E320可容纳900人比欧洲之星E300多20人,推断出欧洲之星E300可容纳880人。故选B项。
23.细节理解题。根据TALGO 350-SPAIN, 217 MPH标题下“In Spanish, the train has a nickname, ‘Pato,’ meaning duck.”(西班牙语中,火车有一个昵称,“Pato”,意思是鸭子。)和AGV ITALO-ITALY, 223 MPH标题下“Nicknamed “Ferrari of the tracks,’ the plum red trains are operated by Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori, a company led by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, the former president of Ferrari.”(绰号“赛道上的法拉利”的梅红色列车由Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori运营,该公司由法拉利前总裁Luca Cordero di Montezemolo领导。)可知,Talgo 350和Agv Italo的共同点是他们都有自己的昵称。故选A项。
B
(2023河南·高三校联考开学考试)When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G. Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions.
“I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any,” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said. Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come.
To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking. “It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college’s Bush Campus Center.”
“Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart,” Niedermyer said. “I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.”
To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her. And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors.
During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
“I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school,” Santaella said. “I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.”
24.Why did Santaella feel very stressed
A.Because a big hurricane was approaching.
B.Because she was left without power and water.
C.Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes.
D.Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane.
25.What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A.Exposed. B.Connected. C.Distributed. D.Contributed.
26.What can we learn from the text
A.Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
B.Niedermyer responded to Santaella’s ideas coldly.
C.Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone.
D.Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico.
27.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico
B.Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown
C.College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales
D.Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising
【答案】24.C 25.C 26.A 27.B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击,人们生活无着落时,正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长,来帮助家乡。
24.推理判断题。由第一段“When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G. Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions. (当飓风在波多黎各造成破坏时,宾夕法尼亚理工学院的学生娜塔莎·G·桑塔拉感受到了各种痛苦的情绪)”和第二段中“Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come. (Santatella说,她的家乡没有电和水,那里的人们害怕即将发生的事情)”可知,Santaella得知飓风袭击自己的家乡,家人们损失惨重,不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧,因此她的内心非常着急。故选C项。
25.词句猜测题。由第三段中“It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone (一开始只是烤面包,然后运到岛上,然后dispersed给人们,但我发现这对我来说非常昂贵)”可知,Santaella最初认为,只要把面包烘焙好,运送到岛屿上,然后分发给灾民就可以了,dispersed意为“分发(Distributed)”。故选C项。
26.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. (在六个小时的销售中,Santaella和她的朋友们为United for Puerto Rico筹集了1000多美元,这是一项旨在为波多黎各受飓风Irma和飓风Maria影响的人提供援助和支持的举措)”可知,波多黎各人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响,可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。故选A项。
27.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击,人们生活无着落时,正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长,来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡的故事,B项“学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。故选B项。
C
(2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模)Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true
Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”.
Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices.
Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above.
However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.
28.Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour”
A.Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in.
B.Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion.
C.Running out immediately when the fire bell rings.
D.Analyzing a product carefully before buying it.
29.An important condition for herd behaviour lies in _______.
A.explaining life patterns
B.understanding social connections
C.comprehending others’ mental state
D.sharing information among individuals
30.What leads to the herd behaviour
A.Wisdom of crowds. B.Uncertain outcomes.
C.Lack of rational analyses. D.Enough individual opinions.
31.How can people avoid the the herd behaviour
A.Never follow the trend. B.Keep a questioning mind.
C.Say no to any popular events. D.Stand opposite against the public.
【答案】28.A 29.C 30.C 31.B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了跟随他人行为的问题,包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影响并解释了“羊群行为”的概念。文章强调了跟随他人行为的危险性,因为这种行为往往不需要批判性思考,可能会导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为。因此建议要谨慎对待跟随他人行为,并要保持批判性思维。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. (自然地模仿他人的想法或选择或随大流通常被称为“从众行为”)”可知,选择最拥挤的餐厅用餐被称为“羊群行为”。故选A。
29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices. (一个关键的先决条件是人类“心理化”的能力,这意味着能够阅读和解读他人的心理状态,并利用这些信息来解释他们的选择)”可知,“羊群行为”的一个重要条件是理解他人的心理状态。故选C。
30.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. (与所谓的“群体智慧”相反,当个体群体成员的判断被独立收集以产生平均意见时,“羊群行为”通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”,人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原因的情况下接受他人的信念或复制他们的选择。这经常导致模仿不合理的行为或愚蠢的行为。)”可知,缺乏理性的分析导致了“羊群行为”。故选C。
31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.(然而,似乎没有快速和简单的解决办法来抵制群体行为的诱惑。相反,长期的态度改变可能是必要的,这可能涉及个人对同龄人的观点采取更批判的态度,质疑他人的行为,而不是盲目地追随他们)”可知,保持质疑的心态可以避免从众行为。故选B。
D
(2024·江西景德镇·统考一模)It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache, and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.
Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains, just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C. R)
“We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C. R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.”
Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) (活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death.
At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site of photosynthesis.
“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry.
“Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,” she continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing habitats for numerous animals. For humankind, the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming increasingly essential.”
32.What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants
A.To secure plants. B.To produce chloroplasts.
C.To relieve pain and inflammation. D.To generate hormones.
33.What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants
A.Lack of sunscreen. B.Chloroplastic acid.
C.Environmental stresses. D.Use of Photosynthesis.
34.What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR
A.To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine.
B.To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating.
C.To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating.
D.To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid.
35.What is the text mainly about
A.Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards.
B.Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.
C.Plants and humans share some common features and needs.
D.Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals.
【答案】32.A 33.C 34.D 35.B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段“They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸).(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。)”可知,水杨酸在植物中的主要作用是保护植物,故选A。
33.细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death.(同样,环境压力会导致植物体内ROS的形成,而这种ROS在高水平时可能导致死亡。)”可知,植物中ROS形成的主要原因是环境压力。故选C。
34.推理判断题。根据第三段““We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C. R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang.(“我们希望能够利用这一发现来提高作物的抗性,”加州大学洛杉矶分校植物遗传学家Jin-Zheng Wang说。)”和倒数第二段“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life(随着气候变化,像水杨酸这样帮助植物抵抗压力的物质变得越来越普遍。因此,能够提高植物生产它的能力,代表着在挑战气候变化对日常生活的影响方面迈出了一步)”可知,UCR研究人员的主要目标是通过增加植物产生水杨酸的能力来提高作物的抗性,故选D。
35.主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段“They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。它负责阿司匹林的抗炎作用,阿司匹林是一种被人类使用了几个世纪的药物,用于对抗疼痛和炎症。)”和第二段“Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change.(研究人员发现,植物叶绿体中产生的水杨酸通常是在应对气候变化造成的压力时产生的。)”可知,本文主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害,因此主旨大意是B选项“Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.(植物会分泌自己阿司匹林来应对压力)”。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023河北承德·高三)New rules and behavior standards for middle school students came out in March.2017.Middle schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are, 36 The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth.
Have you ever copied someone else's work in an exam? 37 That's not honest.If you have played computer games for two hours in your room,don't tell your parents that you have done homework.
Do more at school.
Good students love animals and care for other people.April is Bird-Loving Month in our country.Is your school doing anything to celebrate it? You should join ! 38 Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger.Be friendly to the people you are with.Try to think of others,not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas.
Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Perhaps you'll discover Earth II someday.Don't look down at anyone. 39 You should welcome them,because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself.
Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don't let it happen to you.If you have to go home late,you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully.
The Internet can be very useful for your studies.But some things on the Internet aren't for kids,so try to look at Web Pages that are good for you. 40
A.Don't do it again!
B.Everyone's ideas are important.
C.Students must only work and play alone.
D.You can use the web for fun or homework.
E.The best students won't only have high marks.
F.Students should not disagree with the teachers.
G.In that way,you can learn more about animals and how to protect them.
【答案】36.E 37.A 38.G 39.B 40.D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中学生新的行为规范,要想成为优等生,不仅仅是成绩好就可以,而且也要遵守这些行为规范。
36.根据后句They will also be kids who don't dye their hair,smoke or drink.可知他们也会是不染发、不抽烟或不喝酒的孩子.E项:The best students won't only have high marks.最好的学生不仅有高分。最好的学生不仅分数高,还不能染发,抽烟和喝酒,这样前后句搭配符合语义和语境,尤其从not only和also可以判断两句关系紧密。故选E项。
37.根据下句That's not honest .那样不诚实。A项:Don't do it again!别在那样了!不能抄别人的试卷,因为那是不诚实的表现,上下句搭配符合逻辑和语境。故选A项。
38.上文提到,四月是国家爱鸟月,如果有活动可以积极参加。G项:In that way,you can learn more about animals and how to protect them.这样,你可以了解更多关于动物的事情和知道如何保护他们,和本段前半部分讲的关爱动物的内容承接紧密。故选G项。
39.根据上文 Be open to new ideas.可知要乐于接受新思想。B项:Everyone's ideas are important.每个人的观点都很重要,符合本段小标题下的内容。故选B项。
40.根据本段的小标题 Use the Internet carefully.谨慎利用互联网。D项:You can use the web for fun or homework.你可以使用网络来寻找乐趣或做功课,所讲内容符合该部分小标题下的内容。故选D项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·河南·襄城高中校联考三模)My phone rang. It was my adviser calling to tell me a preprint (预印本) had just been posted that identified wrong data in a 41 we’d published. My heart sank as he said the article would be retracted (撤回). We couldn’t 42 long—the plane soon took off. I spent the 16-hour flight processing a mix of 43 —disbelief, embarrassment, frustration—and 44 what this would mean for my career.
After the plane landed, I found I received a flood of messages. Some were from supportive coworkers, but many 45 of our work. I felt embarrassed by the criticism.
By that point, I had 46 a position. Coworkers encouraged me to ignore 47 that seemed to be directed at me 48 . But it was hard. I struggled with self-esteem, started to 49 meetings and deleted my Twitter account to protect my 50 health.
When it became clear that a retraction was 51 , I offered my resignation to my department head. He didn’t 52 it, saying a resignation wasn’t needed, considering the 53 in the article were honest mistakes.
I decided to 54 , in hopes that I could eventually recover my 55 by publishing sound science and demonstrating I’d learned from my mistakes. But that has turned out to be a 56 path: I’ve had trouble getting my articles 57 and had problems securing funding for new projects.
Despite (尽管) these 58 , I don’t regret our decision to 59 my paper. It may have been embarrassing, but it was the 60 thing to do. And the experience helped me grow as a scientist.
41.A.poem B.magazine C.novel D.paper
42.A.tolerate B.work C.talk D.stay
43.A.doubts B.feelings C.choices D.faults
44.A.wondering B.explaining C.introducing D.revising
45.A.thought B.tired C.dreamed D.disapproved
46.A.secured B.reserved C.missed D.refused
47.A.warnings B.risks C.comments D.suggestions
48.A.similarly B.personally C.suddenly D.respectively
49.A.delay B.attend C.chair D.escape
50.A.mental B.visual C.physical D.behavioral
51.A.impossible B.worthwhile C.typical D.unavoidable
52.A.prohibit B.accept C.admit D.ignore
53.A.opinions B.headings C.errors D.highlights
54.A.carry on B.pull over C.settle in D.break away
55.A.health B.fortune C.reputation D.power
56.A.fruitless B.tough C.controversial D.crowded
57.A.adapted B.finished C.published D.polished
58.A.challenges B.mistakes C.predictions D.disagreements
59.A.advocate B.withdraw C.share D.release
60.A.specific B.simple C.only D.right
【答案】
41.D 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.B 49.D 50.A 51.D 52.B 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为论文中的数据引用错误最终决定撤回论文的一段经历,本着对科学严谨、开放的精神,作者接受了评论家的意见,承认了自己的错误,做出了他认为正确的选择。
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意:是我的顾问打电话告诉我,刚刚发布了一份预印本,在我们发表的一篇论文中发现了错误的数据。A. poem诗;B. magazine杂志;C. novel小说;D. paper论文。由下文“I don’t regret our decision to   19  my paper.”以及语境可知,这里应指在“论文”上发现了问题。故选D项。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们不能聊多久——飞机很快就起飞了。A. tolerate容忍;B. work工作;C. talk对话;D. stay停留。由上文“My phone rang”以及下文“the plane soon took off”可知,飞机快起飞了,所以电话上“对话”没聊多久。故选C项。
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我在16个小时的飞行中处理了各种各样的感觉——难以置信、尴尬、沮丧——以及思考这对我的职业生涯意味着什么。A. doubts怀疑;B. feelings感受;C. choices选择;D. faults故障。由下文“disbelief, embarrassment, frustration”可知,这些都是作者的“感受”。故选B项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我在16个小时的飞行中处理了各种各样的感觉——难以置信、尴尬、沮丧——以及思考这对我的职业生涯意味着什么。A. wondering想知道;B. explaining解释;C. introducing介绍;D. revising修正。由下文“what this would mean for my career”以及语境可知,这里作者“想知道”这件事有什么影响。故选A项。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意:有些来自支持我们的同事,但许多人不赞成我们的工作。A. thought思考;B. tired厌倦;C. dreamed梦见;D. disapproved不赞成。由上文“Some were from supportive coworkers”以及but表转折可知,这里表示很多人“不支持”他。故选D项。
46.考查动词词义辨析。句意:到那时,我已经获得了一个职位。A. secured取得;B. reserved保留;C. missed错过;D. refused拒绝。由下文“I offered my resignation to my department head”可知,当时作者已经“取得”一个职位,有了工作。故选A项。
47.考查名词词义辨析。句意:同事们鼓励我忽略那些似乎是针对我个人的评论。A. warnings警告;B. risks风险;C. comments评论;D. suggestions建议。由上文“I found I received a flood of messages. ”以及语境可知,这里应指同事们鼓励作者忽略这些“评论”。故选C项。
48.考查副词词义辨析。句意:同事们鼓励我忽略那些似乎是针对我个人的评论。A. similarly类似地;B. personally个人地;C. suddenly突然地;D. respectively分别地。由上文“I found I received a flood of messages. ”以及语境可知,这些评论应是专门针对作者“个人”的。故选B项。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我与自尊作斗争,开始逃避会议,并删除了我的推特账户以保护我的心理健康。A. delay延迟;B. attend参加;C. chair主持;D. escape逃跑。由下文“deleted my Twitter account”以及语境可知,这里作者应该是“逃避”会议来自我保护。故选D项。
50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我与自尊作斗争,开始逃避会议,并删除了我的推特账户以保护我的精神健康。A. mental精神的;B. visual视觉的;C. physical物理的;D. behavioral行为的。由上文“I struggled with self-esteem”可知,作者做上面这些事是为了保护自己“精神的”健康。故选A项。
51.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当撤回声明是不可避免的时,我向部门主管提出辞职。A. impossible不可能的;B. worthwhile有价值的;C. typical典型的;D. unavoidable不可避免的。由下文“I don’t regret our decision to  19  my paper. ”可知,这里应指撤回是“不可避免的”。故选D项。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他没有接受,说不需要辞职,因为文章中的错误是无心之失。A. prohibit禁止;B. accept接受;C. admit承认;D. ignore忽视。由下文“saying a resignation wasn’t needed”可知,部门主管不“接受”作者的辞职。故选B项。
53.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他没有接受,说不需要辞职,因为文章中的错误是无心之失。 A. opinions意见;B. headings标题;C. errors错误;D. highlights亮点。由上文“identified wrong data”可知,这里指上面所述的“错误”。故选C项。
54.考查动词词组辨析。句意:我决定继续下去,希望我最终能通过发表可靠的科学并证明我从错误中吸取了教训来恢复我的声誉。A. carry on 继续;B. pull over靠边停车;C. settle in定居;D. break away挣脱。由下文“publishing sound science and demonstrating I’d learned from my mistakes.”可知,作者“继续”他的研究工作。故选A项。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我决定继续下去,希望我最终能通过发表可靠的科学并证明我从错误中吸取了教训来恢复我的声誉。 A. health健康;B. fortune财富;C. reputation声誉;D. power权力。由上文“but many  5  of our work.”以及语境可知,作者准备通过吸取教训来做好自己的工作,得到人们的肯定,从而恢复“声誉”。故选C项。
56.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但事实证明,这是一条艰难的道路:我的文章很难发表,也很难获得新项目的资金。A. fruitless无果的;B. tough艰难的;C. controversial有争议的;D. crowded拥挤的。由下文“had problems securing funding for new projects”可知,重新开始是一条“艰难的”路。故选B项。
57.考查动词词义辨析。句意:但事实证明,这是一条艰难的道路:我的文章很难发表,也很难获得新项目的资金。A. adapted改编;B. finished完成;C. published发表;D. polished抛光。由上文“wrong data in a  1  we’d published.”可知,由于以前的错误,作者重新“发表”论文很难。故选C项。
58.考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管有这些挑战,我并不后悔我们决定撤回我的论文。由上文“I’ve had trouble getting my articles  17  and had problems securing funding for new projects.”可知,这些对作者来说都是“挑战”。A. challenges挑战;B. mistakes错误;C. predictions预测;D. disagreements分歧。故选A项。
59.考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管有这些挑战,我并不后悔我们决定撤回我的论文。A. advocate提倡;B. withdraw撤回;C. share共享;D. release释放。由上文“When it became clear that a retraction was  11 ”可知,这里指“撤回”论文。故选B项。
60.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这可能很尴尬,但这是一件正确的事情。A. specific特定的;B. simple简单的;C. only只有;D. right正确的。由下文“And the experience helped me grow as a scientist.”可知,作者认为这是一件“正确的”事情。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模)
Chinese jump rope, also known as tiaopijin, is a children’s game. One reason for its 61 (popular) is the fact that although the moves can be quite 62 (challenge), the game itself is very simple. There’s no need for players 63 (buy) expensive equipment since what they need is only a rope.
The game 64 (begin) in 7th-century China. In the 1960s, children in the West adopted the game. The game is 65 (typical) played in a group of at least 3 players with a rope about 16 feet 66 length tied into a circle. Two players face each other 67 (stand) 9 feet apart, and position the rope around their ankles so that it is tightly stretched. The third player stands between the two sides of the rope and tries to perform a series of moves without making 68 error.
There are many jump patterns, most of 69 are accompanied by a song. This is sometimes called the “first level”. The jumper tries to complete the chosen pattern. If the moves 70 (complete) successfully, then the rope is moved farther up and the series is repeated.
【答案】
61.popularity 62.challenging 63.to buy 64.began 65.typically 66.in 67.standing 68.an 69.which 70.are completed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国一项儿童游戏——跳绳。
61.考查名词。句意:它受欢迎的一个原因是,尽管动作相当具有挑战性,但游戏本身非常简单。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作宾语,popular的名词为popularity意为“受欢迎”,且为不可数名词。故填popularity。
62.考查形容词。句意:它受欢迎的一个原因是,尽管动作相当具有挑战性,但游戏本身非常简单。分析句子结构可知,此处为形容词作表语,challenge的形容词为challenging意为“具有挑战性的”符合句意。故填challenging。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:玩家不需要购买昂贵的装备,因为他们只需要一根绳子。分析句子结构可知,此处为there is no need to do sth.意为“没必要做某事”,所以此处应使用动词不定式形式,结合句意,此处表示主动意义。故填to buy。
64.考查时态。句意:这个游戏起源于7世纪的中国。分析句子结构可知,此处应谓语动词,根据状语in 7th-century China可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应使用一般过去时态,且与句子The game主语之间为主动关系,所以使用begin的过去式形式。故填began。
65.考查副词。句意:该游戏通常由至少3人组成一组,用一根长约16英尺的绳子系成一个圆圈。分析句子结构可知,此处为副词作状语,修饰动词is played,typical的副词形式为typically意为“通常”符合句意和语法。故填typically。
66.考查介词。句意:该游戏通常由至少3人组成一组,用一根长约16英尺的绳子系成一个圆圈。分析句子结构可知,此处为介词与名词length构成介词短语,结合句意可知,此处应表示“在……方面”使用介词in,in length意为“在长度方面”,符合句意。故填in。
67.靠非谓语动词。句意:两名玩家面对面站着,相距9英尺,把绳子绕在他们的脚踝上,这样绳子就会绷紧。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,根据stand与逻辑主语Two players之间为主动关系,所以使用现在分词形式。故填standing。
68.考查冠词。句意:第三名玩家站在绳子的两边之间,试着完成一系列动作而不出错。分析句子结构可知,error为可数名词单数,其前需限定词,无提示词,所以应使用冠词,结合句意可知,此处表示泛指概念,所以使用不定冠词,且error的第一个音素为元音,所以应使用不定冠词an,make an error意为“出错”。故填an。
69.考查定语从句。句意:跳跃模式有很多,其中大部分都伴随着歌曲。分析句子结构可知,此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少介词of的宾语,所以使用关系代词,先行词many jump patterns指的是物,用关系代词which。故填which。
70.考查时态语态。句意:如果动作成功完成,那么绳子就会向上移动,并重复这个系列。分析句子结构可知,此处为从句谓语动词,根据主句中的谓语“is moved”以及is repeated和句意可知,本段是客观讲述跳皮筋这项儿童游戏的模式,由此可知,此处应使用一般现在时态,从句谓语动词complete与从句主语the moves之间为被动关系,且句子主语是名词复数。故填are completed。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
(2023·江西南昌·南昌十中校考一模)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
To enrich students’ school life, an excited competition was held on last Saturday on the school playground. Ten boys and ten girls selected by each class lined beside the rope and grasped it, eager waiting for the start. With the whistle blowing, the participants tried their best to pull the rope, while those standing by cheered desperately for him. Eventually, every students of the class won the competition was awarded a delicate notebook.
The competition was highly thought by students. Not only did it build up their bodies, but also strengthen their teamwork. Plus, the competition received positive response from parents and teachers, what made a hit in the circle of WeChat.
【答案】1. excited→exciting
2. 删除last前面的on
3. eager→eagerly
4. blowing→blown
5. him→them
6. every后面的students→student
7. won→winning
8. 在thought和by之间增加of
9. strengthen→strengthened
10. what→which
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校举办拔河比赛,学生热情参与,家长和老师们积极响应。
【详解】1. 考查形容词。句意:为了丰富学生们的校园生活,上周六在学校操场上举行了一场激动人心的比赛。此处是修饰competition的定语,描述比赛的性质,应用形容词exciting,意为“令人激动的”。故将excited改为exciting。
2. 考查固定短语。句意:为了丰富学生们的校园生活,上周六在学校操场上举行了一场激动人心的比赛。此处表示“上周六”,用固定短语last Saturday,不需要介词on。故删除last前面的on。
3. 考查副词。句意:每个班选出十个男孩和十个女孩,站在绳子旁边,紧紧抓住绳子,急切地等待着开始。此处修饰动词waiting,应用副词eagerly,意为“急切地”。故将eager改为eagerly。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意:随着哨声的吹响,参与者们拼命地拉绳子,而站在旁边的学生则拼命地为他们加油。此处用with的复合结构,blow和逻辑主语whistle是动宾关系,应用blow的过去分词形式blown。故将blowing改为blown。
5. 考查代词。句意:随着哨声的吹响,参与者们拼命地拉绳子,而站在旁边的学生则拼命地为他们加油。结合句意可知,此处指站在旁边的学生则拼命地为参加拔河比赛的同学们加油,应用代词them指代参加拔河比赛的同学们。故将him改为them。
6. 考查名词的数。句意:最终,赢得比赛的班级的每个学生都获得了一本精美的笔记本。此处every修饰可数名词的单数形式,应用student的单数形式。故将every后面的students改为student。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意:最终,赢得比赛的班级的每个学生都获得了一本精美的笔记本。此处“赢得比赛”作the class的后置定语,且逻辑主语the class和win之间是主谓关系,应用win的现在分词形式winning。故将won改为winning。
8. 考查介词。句意:学生们对这次比赛评价很高。结合句意可知,此处表示“被给予很高评价”,应用固定短语be highly thought of,of不可少。故在thought和by之间增加of。
9. 考查时态。句意:这不仅锻炼了他们的身体,也加强了他们的团队合作。文章叙述的是过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时,且Not only did it build up their bodies也用一般过去时,此处应用一般过去时,strengthen需用过去式strengthened。故将strengthen改为strengthened。
10. 考查定语从句。句意:此外,比赛得到了家长和老师的积极响应,在微信朋友圈引起了轰动。此处引导非限制性定语从句,对前面整句话进行补充说明,从句中缺少主语,应该用关系代词which。故将what改为which。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2023·河南郑州·校联考模拟预测)高中三年即将结束,回顾丰富多彩的校园生活,哪一次校园活动给你留下了美好而深刻的印象呢?请你以“The Most Impressive School Activity”为题,根据以下提示写一篇短文,向校刊投稿。
内容包括:
1. 介绍活动过程;
2. 分享个人感受。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右。
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
The Most Impressive School Activity
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
It’s hard to believe that I am so close to reaching the end of high school. Looking back, I find the past days has witnessed plenty of memorable activities. However, the one that stuck me as the most impressive was the coming-of-age ceremony.
To honor the students who had turned 18, a grand ceremony was held in the 2nd term of the senior year. We students, wearing traditional dress, gathered at the stadium as scheduled. First, our principal sincerely extended her congratulations on us becoming a grown-up. Then followed the Confucian-style coming-of-age ceremonies-Ji Li (for girls) and Guan Li (for boys). Finally, we made a solemn vow to shoulder the responsibilities of an adult, which was definitely the highlight.
Personally, the ceremony exerted a profound influence on us students. Not only did it fully expose us to traditional Chinese culture, but it motivated us to embrace the new identity and live up to our promise.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放作文。高中三年即将结束,回顾丰富多彩的校园生活,哪一次校园活动给你留下了美好而深刻的印象呢?请你以“The Most Impressive School Activity”为题,根据以下提示写一篇短文,向校刊投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行:hold→host
学期:term→semester
难忘的:memorable→unforgettable
传统的:traditional→conventional
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:We students, wearing traditional dress, gathered at the stadium as scheduled.
拓展句:We students, who worn traditional dress, gathered at the stadium as scheduled.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s hard to believe that I am so close to reaching the end of high school. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only did it fully expose us to traditional Chinese culture, but it motivated us to embrace the new identity and live up to our promise. (运用了部分倒装)2024年高考英语押题卷01(全国通用)
注意事项:
1. 答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁:考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.(2024·陕西汉中·统考一模)What is to blame according to the man
A.Uncomfortable seats. B.The traffic noise. C.Miss Lee’s weak voice.
2.(2024·河南新乡·统考一模)What does the woman want to do
A.Have a rest. B.Dance with the man. C.Practice dancing for another hour.
3.(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)What is the occupation of the woman
A.A receptionist. B.A saleswoman. C.A waitress.
4.(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)When was the show due to start
A.At 8:00 pm. B.At 9:00 pm. C.At 11:00 pm.
5.(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)How will the woman probably go to New York
A.By car. B.By train. C.By bus.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间,每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6、7题。
(2024·四川乐山·统考一模)
6.Why does the man feel discouraged
A.Because he has put on some weight.
B.Because he didn’t make it to the team.
C.Because he couldn’t resist the dishes and snacks.
7.What does the woman think the man should do
A.Join a fitness programme.
B.Keep himself healthy.
C.Stop eating dishes and snacks.
听第7段对话,回答第8、9题。
(2024·四川泸州·校考一模)
8.What will the woman do in the club
A.Cook a lunch. B.Do the washing-up. C.Work as a driver.
9.When will Mrs. Clara go to the hospital
A.Next Tuesday. B.Next Wednesday. C.Next Friday.
听第8段对话,回答第10至12题。
(2024·河南新乡·统考一模)
10.Who is the woman probably
A.A bank manager. B.A restaurant owner. C.A land agent.
11.Why does the man talk to the woman
A.To save $40,000. B.To answer questions. C.To borrow some money.
12.Where does the man intend to set up his business
A.In Lincoln Road. B.Next to the bank. C.In his grandmother’s house.
13.What does the woman think is a must for the man to set up his business
A.The location. B.His future plans. C.Enough customers.
听第9段对话,回答第13至16题。
(2023·江西宜春·校联考二模)
14.What should the woman hand in next Monday
A.A film review. B.A passage. C.A summary.
15.How many words does the woman need to write for the assignment
A.About 150. B.About 120. C.About 100.
16.What does the man ask the woman to do
A.Remember the new words.
B.Recite the text to the class.
C.Copy the idioms three times.
听第10段对话,回答第17至20题。
(2023·江西抚州·金溪一中校联考一模)
17.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Old flatmates. B.Schoolmates. C.New classmates.
18.Why did the woman choose West Village University
A.It was fairly close to her house.
B.It provided her with a scholarship.
C.It was recommended by her parents.
19.What did the man’s brother major in at college
A.Psychology. B.Engineering. C.Business.
20.What are the speakers going to do tonight
A.Eat out. B.Meet professors. C.Share living fees.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·江西赣州·统考二模)Four of the Top 10 Fastest Bullet Trains in the World 2023
FUXING HAO CR400AF/BF-CHINA, 249 MPH
The world’s fastest long-distance standard train is the Fuxing Hao CR400. It runs between Shanghai and Beijing in just five hours, with a capacity of over 550 passengers. Known as “Dolphin Blue” and “Golden Phoenix” are the two versions AF and BF, slightly different from each other. Fuxing Hao debuted(首秀)in 2016 and lowered its sibling Harmony 380 by 13 mph to second place.
EUROSTAR E320-THE UNITED KINGDOM, 200 MPH
In 2015, Siemens launched the Eurostar E320, whose interiors were designed by famous Pininfarina Italian stylists. The train will easily accommodate 900 people, 20 more than Eurostar E300. Eurostar is remarkably environmentally sustainable, with 90 percent fewer emissions per passenger than London’s flight to Paris.
TALGO 350-SPAIN, 217 MPH
Built by Patentes Talgo, the Spanish Talgo 350 runs between Madrid and Barcelona. In Spanish, the train has a nickname, ‘Pato,’ meaning duck. This is because of the raised nose cone(圆锥形)similar to a duckbill. There are multiple classes for seats: Club(with 14-26 seats), First(with 26 seats)and Coach(with 36 seats). Each seat comes with lamps for reading and laptop and mobile phone charging power points.
AGV ITALO-ITALY, 223 MPH
It has the distinction of being the fastest train in Europe at 223 mph. Nicknamed “Ferrari of the tracks,’ the plum red trains are operated by Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori, a company led by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, the former president of Ferrari. The compartments in it are 9 feet tall, making it easier to navigate with baggage, and there are luxurious leather seats also in the general compartments.
21.Which of the following is the fastest train
A.Fuxing Hao CR400. B.Eurostar E320.
C.Talgo 350. D.Agv Italo.
22.How many people can Eurostar E300 hold
A.750. B.880.
C.900. D.920.
23.What do Talgo 350 and Agv Italo have in common
A.Their own nickname. B.Strange shapes.
C.Political backgrounds. D.Large seats.
B
(2023河南·高三校联考开学考试)When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G. Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions.
“I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any,” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said. Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come.
To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking. “It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college’s Bush Campus Center.”
“Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart,” Niedermyer said. “I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.”
To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her. And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors.
During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
“I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school,” Santaella said. “I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.”
24.Why did Santaella feel very stressed
A.Because a big hurricane was approaching.
B.Because she was left without power and water.
C.Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes.
D.Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane.
25.What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A.Exposed. B.Connected. C.Distributed. D.Contributed.
26.What can we learn from the text
A.Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
B.Niedermyer responded to Santaella’s ideas coldly.
C.Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone.
D.Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico.
27.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico
B.Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown
C.College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales
D.Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising
C
(2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模)Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true
Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”.
Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices.
Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above.
However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.
28.Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour”
A.Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in.
B.Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion.
C.Running out immediately when the fire bell rings.
D.Analyzing a product carefully before buying it.
29.An important condition for herd behaviour lies in _______.
A.explaining life patterns
B.understanding social connections
C.comprehending others’ mental state
D.sharing information among individuals
30.What leads to the herd behaviour
A.Wisdom of crowds. B.Uncertain outcomes.
C.Lack of rational analyses. D.Enough individual opinions.
31.How can people avoid the the herd behaviour
A.Never follow the trend. B.Keep a questioning mind.
C.Say no to any popular events. D.Stand opposite against the public.
D
(2024·江西景德镇·统考一模)It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache, and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.
Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains, just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C. R)
“We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C. R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.”
Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) (活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death.
At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site of photosynthesis.
“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry.
“Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,” she continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing habitats for numerous animals. For humankind, the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming increasingly essential.”
32.What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants
A.To secure plants. B.To produce chloroplasts.
C.To relieve pain and inflammation. D.To generate hormones.
33.What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants
A.Lack of sunscreen. B.Chloroplastic acid.
C.Environmental stresses. D.Use of Photosynthesis.
34.What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR
A.To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine.
B.To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating.
C.To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating.
D.To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid.
35.What is the text mainly about
A.Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards.
B.Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.
C.Plants and humans share some common features and needs.
D.Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023河北承德·高三)New rules and behavior standards for middle school students came out in March.2017.Middle schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are, 36 The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth.
Have you ever copied someone else's work in an exam? 37 That's not honest.If you have played computer games for two hours in your room,don't tell your parents that you have done homework.
Do more at school.
Good students love animals and care for other people.April is Bird-Loving Month in our country.Is your school doing anything to celebrate it? You should join ! 38 Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger.Be friendly to the people you are with.Try to think of others,not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas.
Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Perhaps you'll discover Earth II someday.Don't look down at anyone. 39 You should welcome them,because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself.
Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don't let it happen to you.If you have to go home late,you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully.
The Internet can be very useful for your studies.But some things on the Internet aren't for kids,so try to look at Web Pages that are good for you. 40
A.Don't do it again!
B.Everyone's ideas are important.
C.Students must only work and play alone.
D.You can use the web for fun or homework.
E.The best students won't only have high marks.
F.Students should not disagree with the teachers.
G.In that way,you can learn more about animals and how to protect them.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·河南·襄城高中校联考三模)My phone rang. It was my adviser calling to tell me a preprint (预印本) had just been posted that identified wrong data in a 41 we’d published. My heart sank as he said the article would be retracted (撤回). We couldn’t 42 long—the plane soon took off. I spent the 16-hour flight processing a mix of 43 —disbelief, embarrassment, frustration—and 44 what this would mean for my career.
After the plane landed, I found I received a flood of messages. Some were from supportive coworkers, but many 45 of our work. I felt embarrassed by the criticism.
By that point, I had 46 a position. Coworkers encouraged me to ignore 47 that seemed to be directed at me 48 . But it was hard. I struggled with self-esteem, started to 49 meetings and deleted my Twitter account to protect my 50 health.
When it became clear that a retraction was 51 , I offered my resignation to my department head. He didn’t 52 it, saying a resignation wasn’t needed, considering the 53 in the article were honest mistakes.
I decided to 54 , in hopes that I could eventually recover my 55 by publishing sound science and demonstrating I’d learned from my mistakes. But that has turned out to be a 56 path: I’ve had trouble getting my articles 57 and had problems securing funding for new projects.
Despite (尽管) these 58 , I don’t regret our decision to 59 my paper. It may have been embarrassing, but it was the 60 thing to do. And the experience helped me grow as a scientist.
41.A.poem B.magazine C.novel D.paper
42.A.tolerate B.work C.talk D.stay
43.A.doubts B.feelings C.choices D.faults
44.A.wondering B.explaining C.introducing D.revising
45.A.thought B.tired C.dreamed D.disapproved
46.A.secured B.reserved C.missed D.refused
47.A.warnings B.risks C.comments D.suggestions
48.A.similarly B.personally C.suddenly D.respectively
49.A.delay B.attend C.chair D.escape
50.A.mental B.visual C.physical D.behavioral
51.A.impossible B.worthwhile C.typical D.unavoidable
52.A.prohibit B.accept C.admit D.ignore
53.A.opinions B.headings C.errors D.highlights
54.A.carry on B.pull over C.settle in D.break away
55.A.health B.fortune C.reputation D.power
56.A.fruitless B.tough C.controversial D.crowded
57.A.adapted B.finished C.published D.polished
58.A.challenges B.mistakes C.predictions D.disagreements
59.A.advocate B.withdraw C.share D.release
60.A.specific B.simple C.only D.right
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模)
Chinese jump rope, also known as tiaopijin, is a children’s game. One reason for its 61 (popular) is the fact that although the moves can be quite 62 (challenge), the game itself is very simple. There’s no need for players 63 (buy) expensive equipment since what they need is only a rope.
The game 64 (begin) in 7th-century China. In the 1960s, children in the West adopted the game. The game is 65 (typical) played in a group of at least 3 players with a rope about 16 feet 66 length tied into a circle. Two players face each other 67 (stand) 9 feet apart, and position the rope around their ankles so that it is tightly stretched. The third player stands between the two sides of the rope and tries to perform a series of moves without making 68 error.
There are many jump patterns, most of 69 are accompanied by a song. This is sometimes called the “first level”. The jumper tries to complete the chosen pattern. If the moves 70 (complete) successfully, then the rope is moved farther up and the series is repeated.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
(2023·江西南昌·南昌十中校考一模)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
To enrich students’ school life, an excited competition was held on last Saturday on the school playground. Ten boys and ten girls selected by each class lined beside the rope and grasped it, eager waiting for the start. With the whistle blowing, the participants tried their best to pull the rope, while those standing by cheered desperately for him. Eventually, every students of the class won the competition was awarded a delicate notebook.
The competition was highly thought by students. Not only did it build up their bodies, but also strengthen their teamwork. Plus, the competition received positive response from parents and teachers, what made a hit in the circle of WeChat.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2023·河南郑州·校联考模拟预测)高中三年即将结束,回顾丰富多彩的校园生活,哪一次校园活动给你留下了美好而深刻的印象呢?请你以“The Most Impressive School Activity”为题,根据以下提示写一篇短文,向校刊投稿。
内容包括:
1. 介绍活动过程;
2. 分享个人感受。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右。
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
The Most Impressive School Activity
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