2024届高三英语二轮复习高考阅读理解专题课件（24张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习高考阅读理解专题课件（24张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-25 18:50:25 | ||
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(共24张PPT)
阅读理解
高考专题复习
[近3年考情分析]
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2022 全国 甲卷 A 应用文 人与社会 英国加的夫市的剧院 287 6 5 3 1
B 说明文 人与自然 鹦鹉辨物实验 246
C 记叙文 人与自我 南极洲之旅 300
D 夹叙夹议文 人与社会 悉尼新旧文化冲突 332
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2022 全国 乙卷 A 应用文 人与社会 苏格兰画展 223 8 5 1 1
B 书评 人与社会 两名女性支教的故事 310
C 说明文 人与社会 无人机在铁路运营中的应用 305
D 说明文 人与社会 英国征收糖税降低儿童肥胖率 311
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2021 全国 甲卷 A 应用文 人与社会 年度风光摄影师大奖 234 6 7 1 1
B 说明文 人与自然 黑犀牛繁育项目 251
C 记叙文 人与自我 滑板运动带来的归属感 327
D 议论文 人与社会 “天才”的判断标准 290
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2021 全国 乙卷 A 应用文 人与社会 世界上最大的几个体育场 230 7 5 2 1
B 说明文 人与社会 座机的使用 306
C 记叙文 人与自然 塑料污染 268
D 说明文 人与社会 适度噪声的好处 330
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2020 全国 卷Ⅰ A 应用文 人与社会 乘坐火车的相关信息 212 7 5 2 1
B 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 重读书籍 286
C 说明文 人与社会 竞走运动 303
D 说明文 人与自然 发光植物 317
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2020 全国 卷Ⅱ A 应用文 人与社会 景点介绍 273 8 3 2 2
B 说明文 人与社会 智力游戏对儿童的影响 244
C 说明文 人与自然 海狸鼠的皮毛 322
D 记叙文 人与自我 对图书馆的热爱 331
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2020 全国 卷Ⅲ A 应用文 人与社会 历史文化之旅 228 7 4 3 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 动物演员在电影行业中的应用 234
C 说明文 人与社会 家庭生活方式 317
D 说明文 人与社会 人类的进化 292
命题规律：
1.文章体裁稳定，话题丰富多样，彰显语言与文化结合。
语言材料围绕人与自我，人与社会，人与自然三大主题，内容涉及人物故事，前沿科技，环境保护和优秀传统文化。
2.阅读材料时代和人文气息浓厚，更趋向与原汁原味
近几年高考阅读所节选的材料基本上都来自英文报刊或者媒体网站，这就增加了词汇量和学生阅读的难度。
3.重点考查学生的精细化阅读能力，突出深层次推理和概括能力。
通过近三年命题可以发现，细节理解和推理判断占主要部分，15个选择题占据 11到13个
而且细节理解题在文中的答题信息变得较为隐蔽，不再是只通过只言片语就能确定答案，而是需综合信息才能确定答案
1 细节理解
【例1】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
What will happen if you submit an essay
one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero.B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.D．You will have to rewrite it.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词submit和the due date可定位到原文关键句“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。
综合细节题——同义转述
【例2】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“the arugula story”可定位到信息句“But as days passed, the arugula went bad...I could have made six salads with what I threw out.”；由信息句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西，而又没有完全用掉，所以无意中浪费了食物。unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。
数字计算
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide
enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups
of 35 or more, please call to discuss options
How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
解析：数字计算题。根据题干可定位到原文 “We require one chaperone per ten children.”可知，每10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。
2.推理判断
【例1】(2022·全国乙卷阅读D)Today's figures, according to one government
official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions
of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping
the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, andthe industry is playing its part.
What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
解析：隐含推断题。根据题干定位于“Today's figures...show the positive influence the sugar tax is having...in schools.”， 揣摩此细节可知，糖税政策的实施产生了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑，由此可推断该政策是成功的。
【例2】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Over the last seven years，most states
have banned texting by drivers，and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem，by just about any measure，appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.
C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.
解析：观点态度题。根据“依据措辞定态度”
的方法并结合第一段内容以及第二段中的“
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可推知，美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。
(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on
feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.
A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
解析：B文章类型题。 根据文章中的“In Wickenden's book”“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”以及“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可推知，本文是一篇书评，介绍了一本书。
3.词句猜测
(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the
continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and
the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).(paragraph 1)
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
解析：利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折关系。上文讲到探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃，美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源。因此画线词所在句应与上文意义相反，讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部
4.主旨大意
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.(paragraph 4)
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(paragraph 5)
What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：A 段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代(the Neolithic age)农业的发展有关，第五段主要说明了“一项语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化”，因此第五段列出的是一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。本段第一句中的confirmed(证实)是关键词。
阅读理解
高考专题复习
[近3年考情分析]
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2022 全国 甲卷 A 应用文 人与社会 英国加的夫市的剧院 287 6 5 3 1
B 说明文 人与自然 鹦鹉辨物实验 246
C 记叙文 人与自我 南极洲之旅 300
D 夹叙夹议文 人与社会 悉尼新旧文化冲突 332
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2022 全国 乙卷 A 应用文 人与社会 苏格兰画展 223 8 5 1 1
B 书评 人与社会 两名女性支教的故事 310
C 说明文 人与社会 无人机在铁路运营中的应用 305
D 说明文 人与社会 英国征收糖税降低儿童肥胖率 311
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2021 全国 甲卷 A 应用文 人与社会 年度风光摄影师大奖 234 6 7 1 1
B 说明文 人与自然 黑犀牛繁育项目 251
C 记叙文 人与自我 滑板运动带来的归属感 327
D 议论文 人与社会 “天才”的判断标准 290
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2021 全国 乙卷 A 应用文 人与社会 世界上最大的几个体育场 230 7 5 2 1
B 说明文 人与社会 座机的使用 306
C 记叙文 人与自然 塑料污染 268
D 说明文 人与社会 适度噪声的好处 330
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2020 全国 卷Ⅰ A 应用文 人与社会 乘坐火车的相关信息 212 7 5 2 1
B 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 重读书籍 286
C 说明文 人与社会 竞走运动 303
D 说明文 人与自然 发光植物 317
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2020 全国 卷Ⅱ A 应用文 人与社会 景点介绍 273 8 3 2 2
B 说明文 人与社会 智力游戏对儿童的影响 244
C 说明文 人与自然 海狸鼠的皮毛 322
D 记叙文 人与自我 对图书馆的热爱 331
考试 年份 试卷 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 命题考点
细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2020 全国 卷Ⅲ A 应用文 人与社会 历史文化之旅 228 7 4 3 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 动物演员在电影行业中的应用 234
C 说明文 人与社会 家庭生活方式 317
D 说明文 人与社会 人类的进化 292
命题规律：
1.文章体裁稳定，话题丰富多样，彰显语言与文化结合。
语言材料围绕人与自我，人与社会，人与自然三大主题，内容涉及人物故事，前沿科技，环境保护和优秀传统文化。
2.阅读材料时代和人文气息浓厚，更趋向与原汁原味
近几年高考阅读所节选的材料基本上都来自英文报刊或者媒体网站，这就增加了词汇量和学生阅读的难度。
3.重点考查学生的精细化阅读能力，突出深层次推理和概括能力。
通过近三年命题可以发现，细节理解和推理判断占主要部分，15个选择题占据 11到13个
而且细节理解题在文中的答题信息变得较为隐蔽，不再是只通过只言片语就能确定答案，而是需综合信息才能确定答案
1 细节理解
【例1】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
What will happen if you submit an essay
one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero.B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.D．You will have to rewrite it.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词submit和the due date可定位到原文关键句“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。
综合细节题——同义转述
【例2】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“the arugula story”可定位到信息句“But as days passed, the arugula went bad...I could have made six salads with what I threw out.”；由信息句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西，而又没有完全用掉，所以无意中浪费了食物。unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。
数字计算
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide
enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups
of 35 or more, please call to discuss options
How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
解析：数字计算题。根据题干可定位到原文 “We require one chaperone per ten children.”可知，每10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。
2.推理判断
【例1】(2022·全国乙卷阅读D)Today's figures, according to one government
official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions
of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping
the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, andthe industry is playing its part.
What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
解析：隐含推断题。根据题干定位于“Today's figures...show the positive influence the sugar tax is having...in schools.”， 揣摩此细节可知，糖税政策的实施产生了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑，由此可推断该政策是成功的。
【例2】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Over the last seven years，most states
have banned texting by drivers，and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem，by just about any measure，appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.
C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.
解析：观点态度题。根据“依据措辞定态度”
的方法并结合第一段内容以及第二段中的“
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可推知，美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。
(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on
feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.
A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
解析：B文章类型题。 根据文章中的“In Wickenden's book”“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”以及“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可推知，本文是一篇书评，介绍了一本书。
3.词句猜测
(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the
continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and
the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).(paragraph 1)
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
解析：利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折关系。上文讲到探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃，美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源。因此画线词所在句应与上文意义相反，讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部
4.主旨大意
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.(paragraph 4)
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(paragraph 5)
What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：A 段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代(the Neolithic age)农业的发展有关，第五段主要说明了“一项语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化”，因此第五段列出的是一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。本段第一句中的confirmed(证实)是关键词。