首师大附中2023-2024学年高一下开学练习
英语学科试题
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant____19____Miller King, who was the best player at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for____20____.
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale, but he didn’t cry.
That season, I____21____all of Miller’s records while he watched the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named the most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller____22____going over a fence — which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept____23____from. But even that challenge he accepted. I helped him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally____24____on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did____25____. Thank you for filling in for me.”
His words freed me from my bad____26____. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me. I was right to have____27____him. From that day on, I grew____28____and a little more real.
19.
A. cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with
20.
A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure
21.
A. held B. broke C. set D. tried
22.
A. stuck B. hurt C. tried D. lost
23.
A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology
24.
A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe
25.
A. fine B. right C. quickly D. normally
26.
A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams
27.
A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired
28.
A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My carriage ____29____ (drive) me through the night and all was in thick darkness when I reached my home town. By then the city gates were locked so I was not able to go straight to the house. I therefore decided to walk out and see for myself the fateful spot ____30____ poor William had died. As I walked, thunder rumbled and rain began to fall in heavy drops. When I reached the place, the storm was at its fiercest and the countryside was lit up by wild flashes of lightning. With the rain ____31____ (stream) down my face, I clasped my hands together and looked up into the darkness.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Special Olympics Unified Sports was a natural development of the Special Olympics — a program that shows what____32____safe sports organization should be. The Special Olympics began as a day camp____33____(create) in 1963 by Eunice Kennedy Shriver, Shriver’s Camp encouraged many universities and organizations to host similar events. It jumped to the international stage when the United Nations declared 1986____34____“The Year of the Special Olympics,” Austria held the first international Special Olympics in 1993. The summer games went worldwide in Dublin, Ireland in 2003. The Special Olympics____35____(partner) with more than 172 countries across the world and has provided more than five million people with year-round training and activities.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Shakespeare and Company is an English-language bookshop in the heart of Paris. It____36____(be) a meeting place for writers and readers for almost seventy years. In 1951, a bookshop named Le Mistral was opened by George-Whitman. In 1964, it was renamed Shakespeare and Company____37____honor of a bookseller he admired, Sylvia Beach, who founded the original Shakespeare and Company. Beach’s bookstore had been a gathering place for great writers of the time, including Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Pound. From the first day, writers, artists, and intellectuals were invited____38____(sleep) for free among the shelves.
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amsterdam Destination Guide
Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.
Boom Season Population Language(s) Currency January Climate July Climate
May to October 813,562 Dutch Euro Average high: 5.8℃ Average high: 22.0℃
Must-See Attractions
Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cnyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.
If You Have Time
There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the city’s museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.
Money Saving Tips
●Unless you really want to see the tulips blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.
●Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.
●Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.
●Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. They’re inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city,
Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.
39. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage
A. Amsterdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location.
B. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter.
C. The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
D. The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers.
40. In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can .
A. arrange a guided canal tour
B. buy train tickets at the counter
C. reserve a hotel in the South District
D. book flights between mid-March and mid-May
41. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. An essay. C. A report. D. A website.
B
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let’s go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today!” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly, Zach cried. “Zach!” Steve shouted. “Are you OK Where are you ” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅) the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn’t come back. Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed. But Steve didn’t get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, big guy,” Steve gritted(咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn’t have it. The dog bullied both boys to go on. How long they’d walked Steve had no idea. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
42. What happened to Steve and Zach at first
A. They got injured. B. They lost their dog.
C. They were trapped. D. They became separated.
43. Brady ran away to ______.
A. seek help B. find a way out
C. rescue Zach D. escape for life
44. How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans
A. Uneasy. B. Impatient.
C. Numb. D. Uncertain.
45. The passage basically describes ________.
A. an adventure B. an exploration
C. an escape game D. a training program
C
Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why
John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn’t actually much more food around. It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.
The real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.
In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents.
But the world is changing. It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃ within this century. Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by 1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.
But “predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”
46. Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles
A. Because there is more food.
B. Because there are fewer enemies.
C. Because they are faster and wiser.
D. Because they consume less energy.
47. The author mentions the killer whales to show ______.
A. the benefit of biological evolution
B. food preference of different sea mammals
C. the distinction of specific types of predators
D. the advantage of constant body temperature
48. What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Neutral. D. Sceptical.
49. Which is the best title for the passage
A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators
B. How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey
C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold
D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded
D
Once I told someone I wanted to get a master’s degree of fine arts in creative writing and they told me it was the second-to-worst post-graduation plan they’d ever heard from a student. Arts degrees—especially fine arts degrees, which usually come in the form of music, studio art, creative writing and theater—have been, over the years, labeled useless.
It’s true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and it’s understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security. Student loan debt is playing a role in the physical and mental stress of young people.
And while STEM majors usually have starting salaries that are $20,000 higher than those of liberal arts majors, by the time people reach the age of 40, the salaries between those who majored in the liberal arts and those who majored in STEM are virtually the same. For example, women who major in STEM earned nearly 50% more than social science and history majors at ages 23-25, but only 10% more by ages 38-40, a New York Times analysis reported. So even in terms of salary, which doesn’t solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees aren’t all that far behind STEM.
It seems too that since people nowadays are going to have to work longer, it’s more important than ever that we actually like and care about what we’re doing. Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy. In other words, not useless.
Art is also a method of communication. It allows people from different backgrounds, from different walks of life to communicate with each other. In a world where borders and division seem to be all over the place, we need art more than ever. We need liberal arts majors. And more than anything, we need to be able to pursue what we love with confidence, and we need to not get caught up in the ”usefulness“ of what we love.
And just because someone’s primary job isn’t in their field of study—a writer who teaches high school for example—doesn’t make the degree useless. It just means that their way of finding a stable income is different. The same goes for artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves. They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry. It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring,
So I am going to graduate school, and I am going to graduate school for writing. I might be paying rent by way of overnight restaurant shifts—there’s so much I’m not sure of. But one thing I am sure of is this—I would rather be a writer working two jobs to pay my bills than be no writer at all.
50. A New York Times analysis report is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to .
A. analyse the potential value of different majors
B. put forward the opinion on majors by example
C. prove the argument against arts degrees wrong
D. demonstrate the link between majors and incomes
51. Why does the author think learning arts is useful
A. Following one’s dream of arts keeps one in good condition.
B. Doing what one loves builds up one’s self-confidence in arts.
C. Mastering arts improves one’s understanding of different jobs.
D. Developing a love for arts helps one maintain passion for work
52. What can we infer from the passage
A. Students learning arts are more concerned about the value of life.
B. People tend to place income in the first place when choosing majors.
C. The man who doesn’t love his work won’t stick with the job for long.
D. Graduates can find a broader space of development in the field of arts.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating
Are you fighting an urge to reach for chocolate Then, let it melt in your mind, not in your mouth. According to the recent research, imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food, so you eat less of it.
This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation. _____53_____
The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind. “If you just think about the food itself—how it tastes and smells—that will increase your appetite,” said Carey Morewedge, a well-known psychologist. “It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing. _____54_____ Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese,” he added.
Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups. One group was asked to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three chocolates. _____55_____ Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates. Lastly, a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machine—with no chocolates. _____56_____ When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.
_____57_____ Physical signals—that full stomach feeling—are only part of what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychological effects such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily, or have control over other habits.
A. What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.
B. People were advised to try different methods to perform the experiment.
C. For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.
D. All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.
E. It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.
F. This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.
G. This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.
第四部分：书面表达(共三节，24分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第58小题2分，第59小题2分，第60小题3分:第61小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.
Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things. Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world). Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations, including creativity, challenge and learning.
Some motivations, such as money, social position and praise, are external; these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better. Other motivations, including fun, personal growth and feeling like one’s work is significant, come from within the person doing the action. These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
Since a wide variety of motivations exist, it’s important to understand which ones are persuasive to you. Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn’t appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work. When choosing a career, think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly. If you are motivated by overcoming challenges, look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level.
People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about. They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable.
When you know what motivates you, you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed. And if you are a leader, knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same.
58. Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations
59. How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland
60. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
61. Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works. (about 40 words)
第二节 根据汉语提示完成句子(共4小题，每小题1分，共4分)
62. I __________ (投入，投身到) my studies of the sciences. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
63. Then he looked into my eyes and his face __________ (布满愁云). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
64. At this, I__________and fell to my knees.(幸福得狂喜不已) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
65. As soon as they saw me, their faces became__________.(因为恐惧而变得扭曲) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
第三节 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)
66. I have no __________ (intend) of cheating you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
67. It is not__________(necessary) true that fat is bad for your health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. I like my coffee black, while my mum has no clear__________(prefer). (所给词的适当形式填空)
69. Many boys in Grade 10 are muscular with an __________ (athlete) build. (所给词的适当形式填空)
70. He spent five years in Paris, with________(occasion) visits to Italy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
71. Chicago and the __________ (surround) area are decorated with beautiful ornaments. (所给词的适当形式填空)
72. She hopes to have __________(vary) experiences in the future. (所给词适当形式填空)
73. Let’s set some__________ (achieve) goals first, which is the first step to self-improvement. (所给词的适当形式填空)首师大附中2023-2024学年高一下开学练习
英语学科试题
第一部分：听力理解(共三节，18分)
第三节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Ways to solve personal problems
Ways Reasons
Face it. ●Know exactly what you are against. ●See if you can deal with the____15____our unhappiness.
Attack it directly. ●Overcome the problem and find the____16____to a particular problem.
Have a____17____goal. ●Change either the____18____or the goal. ●Study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
【答案】15. cause
16. solution
17. reasonable
18. methods
【解析】
【原文】M: There are many ways to solve personal problems.
First of all, if you are feeling unhappy about something, face it. Try to state the problem in a few words, so that you will know exactly what you are against. Then see if you can “put your finger” on the cause of your unhappiness. Secondly, try direct attack. In many cases, we only “think” there is no solution to a particular problem. But often we can overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack. So try to be as positive rather than escape from the problem. Make sure you have a reasonable goal. Although direct attack is often the best way to meet problems, we have to be realistic in judging situations. Sometimes it is necessary to change either the methods or the goal. It is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant____19____Miller King, who was the best player at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for____20____.
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale, but he didn’t cry.
That season, I____21____all of Miller’s records while he watched the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named the most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller____22____going over a fence — which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept____23____from. But even that challenge he accepted. I helped him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally____24____on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did____25____. Thank you for filling in for me.”
His words freed me from my bad____26____. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me. I was right to have____27____him. From that day on, I grew____28____and a little more real.
19.
A. cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with
20.
A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure
21.
A. held B. broke C. set D. tried
22.
A. stuck B. hurt C. tried D. lost
23.
A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology
24.
A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe
25.
A. fine B. right C. quickly D. normally
26.
A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams
27.
A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired
28.
A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler
【答案】19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了当作者13岁的时候，作者唯一的目标就是成为足球队的明星。这意味着击败米勒 金，他是作者学校最好的球员。结果对手米勒出现意外事故，给了作者机会，但是也有给了作者许多噩梦，在米勒的鼓励下，作者又恢复了自信。
【19题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这意味着要打败米勒·金，他是我们学校最好的球员。A. cheering for为……加油；B. beating out击败；C. relying on依靠；D. staying with和……待在一起。根据前文“When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team(当我13岁的时候，我唯一的目标就是成为我们足球队的明星)”可知，此处是指这意味着要打败米勒·金。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着我的足球到处练习。A. practice练习；B. show表现；C. comfort舒服，舒适；D. pleasure乐趣。根据上文“Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.(足球赛季九月份开始，整个夏天我都在锻炼)”可知，足球赛季从九月份开始，整个夏天作者都在锻炼，即带着足球到处练习。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个赛季，当米勒坐在板凳上观看主场比赛时，我打破了他所有的记录。A. held抓住，保持；B. broke打破，打碎；C. set设置；D. tried尝试。根据下文“We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player”可知，我被评为最有价值球员，应是表现优异，故此处指我打破了米勒的记录。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，我路过球场回家，看到过Miller栅栏时被卡住了。A. stuck卡住的；B. hurt受伤；C. tried经过试用的；D. lost迷路的。根据后文“I helped him move slowly over the fence.”可知，此处指Miller在过栅栏的时候被卡住了，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我确定，他最不想从我这里得到帮助。A. praise表扬；B. advice建议；C. assistance帮助；D. apology道歉。根据后文“But even that challenge he accepted. I helped him move slowly over the fence.(但即使那是个挑战，他也接受了。我帮他慢慢地越过栅栏)”可知，我认为米勒最不想接受我的帮助，但是他接受了。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们最终达到了安全的另一边，他对我说道：“我一直没有告诉你，这段时间你很棒。”A. dropped坠落的；B. ready准备好的；C. trapped被困的；D. safe安全的。根据前文“I helped him move slowly over the fence.”可知，我帮他成功翻越了栅栏，故此处指安全地到达另一边。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：赛季的时候我没告诉你，但你表现得很好。A. fine蛮不错；B. right正好；C. quickly快速地；D. normally正常地。根据上文我打破他所有的记录以及“I was named the most valuable player”可知，此处是指“我”在赛季中表现很好。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的话让我从我的噩梦中解脱出来。A. memories记忆；B. ideas主意，想法；C. attitudes态度；D. dreams梦，梦想。根据前文“I often had crazy dreams”可知，此处指从噩梦中解脱出来。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我敬仰他是对的。A. challenged挑战；B. cured治疗；C. invited邀请；D. admired崇拜，敬仰。根据前文“I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.(我心里想，即使没有胳膊，他也更像是一个领导者。他受到了伤害，但没有被打败，他仍然走在我前面)”可知，此处指作者对于对方的敬仰，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我变得更强大，并且有点更真实。A. healthier更健康的；B. bigger更大的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. cooler更酷的。根据空后的“and a little more real.”以及上文作者敬仰对方没有被打败，由此可知，作者从此以后变得更强大，更加真实了。故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My carriage ____29____ (drive) me through the night and all was in thick darkness when I reached my home town. By then the city gates were locked so I was not able to go straight to the house. I therefore decided to walk out and see for myself the fateful spot ____30____ poor William had died. As I walked, thunder rumbled and rain began to fall in heavy drops. When I reached the place, the storm was at its fiercest and the countryside was lit up by wild flashes of lightning. With the rain ____31____ (stream) down my face, I clasped my hands together and looked up into the darkness.
【答案】29. drove
30. where 31. streaming
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在夜晚乘坐马车回家途中遭遇暴风雨的经历。
【29题详解】
考查时态。句意：我的马车载着我穿过了夜晚，当我到达家乡时，一切都陷入了黑暗。分析句子结构可知，空处需要句子的谓语动词。根据后半句话中的was可知，本句话为一般过去时态。故填drove。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因此，我决定走出去，亲眼看看可怜的威廉去世的那个致命的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词spot。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
【31题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：雨水顺着我的脸往下流，我双手合十，抬头望向黑暗。分析句子结构可知，本题考查with的复合结构，其结构为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。所以空处需要非谓语动词作宾补。stream“流淌”和宾语the rain之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填streaming。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Special Olympics Unified Sports was a natural development of the Special Olympics — a program that shows what____32____safe sports organization should be. The Special Olympics began as a day camp____33____(create) in 1963 by Eunice Kennedy Shriver, Shriver’s Camp encouraged many universities and organizations to host similar events. It jumped to the international stage when the United Nations declared 1986____34____“The Year of the Special Olympics,” Austria held the first international Special Olympics in 1993. The summer games went worldwide in Dublin, Ireland in 2003. The Special Olympics____35____(partner) with more than 172 countries across the world and has provided more than five million people with year-round training and activities.
【答案】32. a 33. created
34. as 35. partners##has partnered##is partnering
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特奥会的相关知识。
【32题详解】
考查冠词。句意：The Special Olympics Unified Sports是特奥会的自然发展——一个展示安全体育组织应该是什么样的项目。organization是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，safe是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【33题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1963年，Eunice Kennedy Shriver创立了特奥会，并鼓励许多大学和组织举办类似的活动。句中谓语是began，空格处用非谓语动词，camp和create之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填created。
【34题详解】
考查介词。句意：1986年联合国宣布为“特奥会年”，1993年奥地利举办了第一届国际特奥会，特奥会一跃成为国际舞台。declare sth. as...是固定短语，意为“宣布……是……”，因此空格处是介词as，故填as。
【35题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：特奥会与全世界超过172个国家建立了伙伴关系，并为500多万人提供了全年的培训和活动。根据语境可知，句子表示“特奥会已经与全世界超过172个国家建立了伙伴关系”，句子用现在完成时，主语The Special Olympics是一种奥运会，因此空格处是has partnered；句子也可理解为描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The Special Olympics是一种奥运会，因此空格处用第三人称单数；句子也可理解为“特奥会正在与全世界超过172个国家建立伙伴关系”，句子用现在进行时，主语The Special Olympics是一种奥运会，因此空格处是is partnering。故填partners或has partnered或is partnering。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Shakespeare and Company is an English-language bookshop in the heart of Paris. It____36____(be) a meeting place for writers and readers for almost seventy years. In 1951, a bookshop named Le Mistral was opened by George-Whitman. In 1964, it was renamed Shakespeare and Company____37____honor of a bookseller he admired, Sylvia Beach, who founded the original Shakespeare and Company. Beach’s bookstore had been a gathering place for great writers of the time, including Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Pound. From the first day, writers, artists, and intellectuals were invited____38____(sleep) for free among the shelves.
【答案】36. has been
37. in 38. to sleep
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了坐落于巴黎中心的一家著名书店——Shakespeare and Company。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：近70年来，它一直是作家和读者的聚会场所。由for almost seventy years可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语It是单数，因此空格处是has been。故填has been。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：1964年，公司更名为莎士比亚公司，以纪念他崇拜的书商Sylvia Beach，她创立了最初的莎士比亚公司。in honor of是固定短语，意为“为了纪念”，因此空格处是介词in，故填in。
【38题详解】
考查不定式。句意：从第一天起，作家、艺术家和知识分子就被邀请免费睡在书架上。sb. be invited to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人被邀请做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to sleep，故填to sleep。
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amsterdam Destination Guide
Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.
Boom Season Population Language(s) Currency January Climate July Climate
May to October 813,562 Dutch Euro Average high: 5.8℃ Average high: 22.0℃
Must-See Attractions
Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cnyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.
If You Have Time
There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the city’s museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.
Money Saving Tips
●Unless you really want to see the tulips blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.
●Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.
●Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.
●Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. They’re inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city,
Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.
39. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage
A. Amsterdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location.
B. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter.
C. The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
D. The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers.
40. In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can .
A. arrange a guided canal tour
B. buy train tickets at the counter
C. reserve a hotel in the South District
D. book flights between mid-March and mid-May
41. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. An essay. C. A report. D. A website.
【答案】39. B 40. C 41. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，是关于享有“北区威尼斯”之称的阿姆斯特丹的一份旅行指南。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据Must-See Attractions部分的“You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cnyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.(你也会想去阿姆斯特丹南区的博物馆区看看，那里非常适合在Albert Cnyp市场购物，在Vondelpark野餐。最值得参观的博物馆有Rijksmusuem、Ann Frank House和梵高博物馆。)”可知，梵高博物馆位于阿姆斯特丹的博物馆区。故选B。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Money Saving Tips部分的“●Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.(寻找阿姆斯特丹南区的住宿，那里的房价通常比市中心便宜。)”可知，为了在阿姆斯特丹省钱，你可以在南区预定一家旅馆。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后“Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.(在预订之前，请查看我们的主页，查看航班、酒店和租车的价格比较。)”可知，这篇文章可能来自于一个网站，故选D。
B
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let’s go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today!” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly, Zach cried. “Zach!” Steve shouted. “Are you OK Where are you ” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅) the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn’t come back. Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed. But Steve didn’t get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, big guy,” Steve gritted(咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn’t have it. The dog bullied both boys to go on. How long they’d walked Steve had no idea. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
42. What happened to Steve and Zach at first
A. They got injured. B. They lost their dog.
C. They were trapped. D. They became separated.
43. Brady ran away to ______.
A. seek help B. find a way out
C. rescue Zach D. escape for life
44. How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans
A. Uneasy. B. Impatient.
C. Numb. D. Uncertain.
45. The passage basically describes ________.
A. an adventure B. an exploration
C. an escape game D. a training program
【答案】42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Steve 和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。第三段第二句Steve shouted. “Are you OK Where are you ”可知一开始Steve 和Zach走散了，故选D。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。第四段最后一句He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.可知Brady奔跑的原因是想要找到路。故选B。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段The message was clear, but Steve hesitated.可知当Brady脱下牛仔裤后，Steve犹豫了，故选D。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要记叙了Steve 和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。故选A。
C
Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why
John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn’t actually much more food around. It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.
The real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.
In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents.
But the world is changing. It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃ within this century. Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by 1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.
But “predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”
46. Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles
A. Because there is more food.
B. Because there are fewer enemies.
C. Because they are faster and wiser.
D. Because they consume less energy.
47. The author mentions the killer whales to show ______.
A. the benefit of biological evolution
B. food preference of different sea mammals
C. the distinction of specific types of predators
D. the advantage of constant body temperature
48. What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Neutral. D. Sceptical.
49. Which is the best title for the passage
A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators
B How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey
C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold
D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded
【答案】46. C 47. D 48. A 49. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在赤道附近，大多数动植物种类更丰富，数量也更多。但是温血食肉动物在两极的分布更加多样化，在一些温暖的热点地区明显缺失。文章并且分析了这一想象的原因。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。第三段第二句An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive.可知动物的速度、速度和智力取决于它的新陈代谢，而新陈代谢又取决于它的体温。由于鸟类和哺乳动物可以在寒冷的环境中保持体温，所以它们保持快速和专注。因此极地附近有更多种类的温血掠食者是因为他们更快更聪明。故选C。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals.可知 “身体温暖的捕食者更喜欢那些行动缓慢、愚蠢和寒冷的猎物。”“这就是为什么鲨鱼和其他掠食性鱼类在赤道附近占统治地位，而较冷的水域则是鲸鱼和海豹的王国。故作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明恒温动物的优点，故选D。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.可知Donna Hauser认为这些变化可能使海洋哺乳动物更能适应不断变化的气候。他对于海洋哺乳动物的未来是积极乐观的。故选A。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段第三句But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.以及本文主要内容是分析温血食肉动物在两极的分布更多的原因，故选C。
D
Once I told someone I wanted to get a master’s degree of fine arts in creative writing and they told me it was the second-to-worst post-graduation plan they’d ever heard from a student. Arts degrees—especially fine arts degrees, which usually come in the form of music, studio art, creative writing and theater—have been, over the years, labeled useless.
It’s true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and it’s understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security. Student loan debt is playing a role in the physical and mental stress of young people.
And while STEM majors usually have starting salaries that are $20,000 higher than those of liberal arts majors, by the time people reach the age of 40, the salaries between those who majored in the liberal arts and those who majored in STEM are virtually the same. For example, women who major in STEM earned nearly 50% more than social science and history majors at ages 23-25, but only 10% more by ages 38-40, a New York Times analysis reported. So even in terms of salary, which doesn’t solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees aren’t all that far behind STEM.
It seems too that since people nowadays are going to have to work longer, it’s more important than ever that we actually like and care about what we’re doing. Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy. In other words, not useless.
Art is also a method of communication. It allows people from different backgrounds, from different walks of life to communicate with each other. In a world where borders and division seem to be all over the place, we need art more than ever. We need liberal arts majors. And more than anything, we need to be able to pursue what we love with confidence, and we need to not get caught up in the ”usefulness“ of what we love.
And just because someone’s primary job isn’t in their field of study—a writer who teaches high school for example—doesn’t make the degree useless. It just means that their way of finding a stable income is different. The same goes for artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves. They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry. It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring,
So I am going to graduate school, and I am going to graduate school for writing. I might be paying rent by way of overnight restaurant shifts—there’s so much I’m not sure of. But one thing I am sure of is this—I would rather be a writer working two jobs to pay my bills than be no writer at all.
50. A New York Times analysis report is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to .
A. analyse the potential value of different majors
B. put forward the opinion on majors by example
C. prove the argument against arts degrees wrong
D. demonstrate the link between majors and incomes
51. Why does the author think learning arts is useful
A. Following one’s dream of arts keeps one in good condition.
B. Doing what one loves builds up one’s self-confidence in arts.
C. Mastering arts improves one’s understanding of different jobs.
D. Developing a love for arts helps one maintain passion for work
52. What can we infer from the passage
A. Students learning arts are more concerned about the value of life.
B. People tend to place income in the first place when choosing majors.
C. The man who doesn’t love his work won’t stick with the job for long.
D. Graduates can find a broader space of development in the field of arts.
【答案】50. C 51. A 52. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章中作者主要议论了艺术学位是否是无用的问题，作者认为薪水并不能完全决定一个学位是否有用，学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“So even in terms of salary, which doesn’t solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees aren’t all that far behind STEM.(因此，即使是在工资方面，文科学位也没有远远落后于STEM，而工资并不是唯一决定学位是否有用的因素。)”可知，在第三段提到了一篇《纽约时报》分析报告，是为了证明反对艺术学位的论点是错误的。故选C。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。 根据第四段中“Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy. In other words, not useless.(人们不断发现，追求令人愉快的事情或激情是保持健康的人际关系、心理健康、身体健康和精力充沛的关键因素。换句话说，不是无用的。)”可知，作者认为学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。故选A。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。 根据第二段中“It’s true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and it’s understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security.(的确，在大多数情况下，STEM学位比文科和美术学位带来更高收入的工作，这也可以理解为什么年轻人关心更高的起薪和经济保障。)”可知，人们在选择专业时往往把收入放在第一位。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating
Are you fighting an urge to reach for chocolate Then, let it melt in your mind, not in your mouth. According to the recent research, imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food, so you eat less of it.
This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation. _____53_____
The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind. “If you just think about the food itself—how it tastes and smells—that will increase your appetite,” said Carey Morewedge, a well-known psychologist. “It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing. _____54_____ Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese,” he added.
Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups. One group was asked to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three chocolates. _____55_____ Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates. Lastly, a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machine—with no chocolates. _____56_____ When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.
_____57_____ Physical signals—that full stomach feeling—are only part of what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily, or have control over other habits.
A. What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.
B. People were advised to try different methods to perform the experiment.
C. For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.
D. All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.
E. It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.
F. This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.
G. This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.
【答案】53. C 54. A 55. F 56. D 57. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。文章介绍了心理因素对人们饮食数量的影响，例如“习惯化”。
【53题详解】
根据横线前面一句This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation.可知，当我们多次接触到某一食物的时候，我们对它的兴趣就会减少，因为我们已经熟悉了它。，C项：For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.(例如，根据这项研究，第十口要比第一口少。)是对前面理论的举例说明，故选C。
【54题详解】
根据横线后面一句Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese可知，想象自己吃巧克力的样子不会阻止你吃奶酪。也就是说我们要想象自己吃某种具体的食物，这样才会减少你对这种食物的渴望。A项：What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.(而且，这只适用于你想象中的特定食物。)恰好与此吻合，故选A。
【55题详解】
根据本段前面两句Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups.可知，研究人员对此问题进行了分组研究。第一组的研究对象被要求想象把30个硬币扔进洗衣机，然后想象吃了3个巧克力。这和从口袋里拿出巧克力来吃有类似的运动神经技巧，所以研究人员才会这样开展研究。F项：This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.(这项研究称，这需要和吃小巧克力一样的运动技能。)符合文意，故选F。
【56题详解】
根据本段最后一句The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.可知，在这些人吃完以后，进行称重。结果发现想象每次吃了30个巧克力的人实际上吃了最少。也就是说在他们实验结束以后，会让他们自由地吃巧克力。D项：All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.(然后，他们所有人都可以自由地从盛有相同数量巧克力的碗中进食。)符合文意，故选D。
【57题详解】
根据本段第三句The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats.可知，本次研究说明心理方面的因素会影响人们吃的东西的量。由此可见这个研究是关于人们饮食数量的话题。G项：This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.(这项研究是研究什么使我们吃得比实际需要的多的研究的一部分。)，故选G。
第四部分：书面表达(共三节，24分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第58小题2分，第59小题2分，第60小题3分:第61小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.
Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things. Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world). Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations, including creativity, challenge and learning.
Some motivations, such as money, social position and praise, are external; these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better. Other motivations, including fun, personal growth and feeling like one’s work is significant, come from within the person doing the action. These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
Since a wide variety of motivations exist, it’s important to understand which ones are persuasive to you. Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn’t appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work. When choosing a career, think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly. If you are motivated by overcoming challenges, look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level.
People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about. They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable.
When you know what motivates you, you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed. And if you are a leader, knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same.
58. Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations
59. How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland
60. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
61. Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works. (about 40 words)
【答案】58. Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals.
59. He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power.
60. Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
61. 言之有理即可
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。心理学家有各种各样的方法来描述和区分动机。文章主要介绍了David McClelland确定的人们的三个主要动机：成功的感觉，亲密的关系和影响世界的能力。
【58题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.（为什么你每天早上都要从床上爬起来去上班或上学 怎样才能让你觉得自己在这些地方的贡献是值得的 知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。）”可知，知道工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标，故答案为Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals.
【59题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world).（心理学家David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机:成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)。）”可知，David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机就是，成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)，故答案为He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power.
【60题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句“These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.（这些理想被称为内部动机，往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表着永远不能被拿走的东西。）”可知，文章指出内部动机往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表的东西永远不能被拿走，故答案为Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
【61题详解】
开放题。回答时先说出自己生活中的动机，然后再陈述是它是如何影响你的。答案言之有理即可。
第二节 根据汉语提示完成句子(共4小题，每小题1分，共4分)
62. I __________ (投入，投身到) my studies of the sciences. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】threw myself into
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：我全身心地投入到科学研究中。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以空处填动词（短语），根据所给汉语提示，应用动词短语throw oneself into，oneself需变为myself，且句子应该是描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填threw myself into。
63. Then he looked into my eyes and his face __________ (布满愁云). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】clouded with worry
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：然后他看着我的眼睛，脸上充满了担忧。分析句子结构可知，本句是and连接的并列句，后句缺少谓语动词，所以空处填动词（短语），根据所给中文提示词，应用动词短语cloud with和名词worry表示“布满愁云”，根据前文looked可知，用一般过去时。故填clouded with worry。
64. At this, I__________and fell to my knees.(幸福得狂喜不已) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】became overwhelmed with happiness
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：听了这话，我欣喜若狂，跪倒在地。分析句子结构可知，空处应填动词短语和fell并列作谓语，根据所给中文提示词，可用固定表达：become overwhelmed with happiness意为“幸福得狂喜不已”，根据后文的fell可知用一般过去时。故填became overwhelmed with happiness。
65. As soon as they saw me, their faces became__________.(因为恐惧而变得扭曲) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】twisted with fear
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们一看见我，脸因为恐惧而变得扭曲。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用短语twisted with fear，作表语。故填twisted with fear。
第三节 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)
66. I have no __________ (intend) of cheating you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】intention
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我无意欺骗你。空格处用名词作宾语，intend的名词是intention，意为“意图，打算”，是不可数名词，故填intention。
67. It is not__________(necessary) true that fat is bad for your health. (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】necessarily
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：脂肪对你的健康有害不一定是真的。空格处修饰形容词，因此需要用副词。necessary的副词为necessarily意为“必定，必然”。故填necessarily。
68. I like my coffee black, while my mum has no clear__________(prefer). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我喜欢喝黑咖啡，而我妈妈没有明确的偏爱。根据has可知，空处应填名词作宾语，prefer的名词形式是preference意为“偏爱”。故填preference。
69. Many boys in Grade 10 are muscular with an __________ (athlete) build. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】athletic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：很多十年级的男生肌肉发达，体格健壮。分析句子可知，空处作修饰build的定语，athlete的形容词形式athletic符合题意，意为“强壮的，健壮的”。故填athletic。
70. He spent five years in Paris, with________(occasion) visits to Italy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】occasional
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在巴黎待了五年，偶尔去意大利。空处修饰名词visits，应用形容词形式作定语，occasional是形容词，表示“偶尔的”，符合句意。故填occasional。
71. Chicago and the __________ (surround) area are decorated with beautiful ornaments. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】surrounding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：芝加哥及其周边地区都装饰着美丽的装饰品。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，surrounding表“周围的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填surrounding。
72. She hopes to have __________(vary) experiences in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】various##varied
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她希望在未来有各种各样的经历。空格处位于名词前，修饰名词，因此需要填入形容词作定语。vary的形容词为varied和various意为“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。
73. Let’s set some__________ (achieve) goals first, which is the first step to self-improvement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】achievable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：让我们先设定一些可以实现的目标，这是自我提升的第一步。修饰名词goals应用形容词achievable，作定语。故填achievable。
