江苏省阜宁中学2022届高三下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)
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江苏省阜宁中学2022届高三下学期期中考试英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Most of us have dreamed of being a great inventor to create something great. However, just because someone’s invented something, it doesn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.
Albert Einstein—The Atomic Bomb
It’s Albert Einstein’s work that made the creation of the atomic bomb possible.
However, years later Einstein regretted having signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging him to support the research into nuclear chain reactions, because he believed the Germans were already working on it. “Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he said, “I would have never lifted a finger.”
Ethan Zuckerman—The Pop-up Advertisement
If you’ve ever found yourself yelling at your computer screen in frustration as yet another pop-up ad leaps into view, Zuckerman is the person to blame. “The business model that got us funded was advertising. The model was analyzing users’ personal homepages so we could better target ads to them. Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad,” Zuckerman explained.
Bob Propst—The Office Cubicle
In the 1960s, Bob Propst introduced the office cubicle to Americans. It was designed to “give knowledge workers a more flexible environment than the rat-maze boxes of panies saw his invention as a way to save money, doing away with individual offices and replacing them with open plans and cubicles. However, Propst came to complain his invention. “The cubiclizing of people in modern corporations is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.
1．What are the initial purpose of the inventions of the Pop-up Advertisement and the Office Cubicle
A. To save money. B. To entertain the users.
C. To benefit the companies. D. To impress the companies.
2．What do the three inventions have in common
A. Their inventors regretted their creations.
B. They are disliked by all those who use them.
C. They have been widely used in our daily life.
D. The inventions could save a lot of money.
3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A. Story. B. Business. C. Education. D. Technology.
For most children, bath time is fun. But four-year-old Harry Floyd used to have a very different experience—soon after climbing into the water he felt itchy (发痒的) from head to foot.
Harry first started to develop small itchy bumps on the skin at three months old. He woke at 3 a. m. and was covered in the bumps, but they cleared up within an hour. When Harry's mother Lisa got him to the doctor, there was nothing to see. Lisa initially thought it was the soap that Harry was allergic to, but even when she just used water to bathe him he would still get the bumps. Lisa was then alarmed to see that when the weather was really cold or hot Harry would start to get them. Within a few minutes they would spread over his body. He'd just scream and try to scratch them.
Lisa and her husband Eddie took Harry to the doctor many times over the next year, but were told it was simply a virus and the condition wouldn't affect his older brother, Oliver. At six months Harry was diagnosed with several food allergies, which doctors thought might have caused the bumps. But Harry continued to get the bumps even after shunning those foods. Out of desperation, the family took Harry to Great Ormond Street Hospital to see a private specialist. By coincidence, Harry got the bumps when they were waiting to see the consultant. So the consultant saw exactly how severe it was. And Harry was diagnosed with physical urticaria (荨麻疹), a skin allergy to a host of common triggers (触发物). Since the diagnosis, Harry’s condition has greatly improved.
The cause of physical urticaria is still a mystery. Genetics may play a role and stress has been seen as a trigger. From newborn babies to the old are likely to suffer from it. Recent research suggests around one million people in Britain suffer from the condition, although experts say this may be inaccurate, with many more going undiagnosed.
4．Why does Harry's problem remain unsolved at the first time
A. Lisa was unsure about the triggers.
B. Hospital equipment was not advanced.
C. His symptoms disappeared in a short time.
D. Doctors lacked experience to identify the bumps.
5．What does the underlined word “shunning” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Digesting. B. Avoiding. C. Selecting. D. Ignoring.
6．What can we know from the last paragraph
A. Physical urticaria can start at any age.
B. Harry's father used to have physical urticaria.
C. Physical urticaria is rather uncommon in Britain.
D. Physical urticaria can be easily passed on to children.
7．What does the text mainly talk about
A. The symptoms of a rare disease.
B. The possible causes of physical urticaria.
C. A family seeking treatment for their injured kid.
D. A little boy suffering from a terrible skin allergy.
I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法学) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study ” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
8．What is the author’s course goal for her students
A. Thinking critically. B. Reading deeply.
C. Designing studies well. D. Questioning themselves.
9．What did Sayers imply about education
A. It was boring. B. It was worrying.
C. It was conventional. D. It was useless.
10．What does the underlined word “distortions” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Popular news. B. Various evaluations.
C. Persuasive arguments. D. Misleading information.
11．Why does the author write the text
A. To review a book. B. To introduce a writer.
C. To suggest a practical skill. D. To criticize social media.
By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a person’s eyes, doctors might one day be able to predict that person’s risk of early death, according to a new study.
Past research had shown the retina (视网膜), light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye, as a possible indicator of a person’s bjological age. The retina offers a unique, accessible “window” to evaluate underlying pathological (病理的) processes of some serious diseases that are associated with increased risks of death. In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.
Their deep-learning model, a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s modeled to learn similar to a human brain, analyzed more than 80.000 images of fundus (眼底) - the internal back surface of the eye that includes the retina. They obtained the images from nearly 47.000 people between the ages of 40 and 69, stored in the UK. Biobank. TO figure out whether their model was accurate, they first analyzed more than 19,000 fundus images taken from more than 1,100 participants who were in relatively good health. The idea was that the retinal biological ages of these people should be fairly similar to their chronological age (实际年龄) .
The model was fairly accurate in predicting retinal ages, with an accuracy of within 3.5 years to chronological ages. They then used the model to assess the remaining nearly 36,000 participants’ fundus photos collected across a span of 11 years. They found that 51 percent of the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between biological and chronological age - of more than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap of more than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap of more than 10 years. In other words, these participants had “older” eyes compared to their chronological age.
Those who had larger age gaps had a 49-67 percent higher risk of death from causes other than cardiovascular disease or cancer. With every one year increase in the age gap, the risk of death increased by 2 percent for any cause and 3 percent for causes other than cardiovascular disease and cancer.
12．What can we know about the retina
A. It causes serious diseases.
B. It indicates the risk of death.
C. It speeds pathological processes.
D. It improves people’s physical health.
13．How do researchers know the retinal age
A. By examining the nerve tissue.
B. By studying the human brain,
C. By checking the eyesight.
D. By analyzing fundus images.
14．What percentage of the participants had the largest retinal age gap
A. 3.5%. B. 4.5%. C. 28%. D. 51%
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. A new study is conducted on tiny vessels
B. Image technology is used to predict diseases
C. Eyes may reveal a person’s biological age
D. A deep-leaning on the retina is necessary
二、七选五
16． The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term. ①_________
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes. wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again.
②_________ In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer. ③_________
During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air. ④_________ It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.
The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. ⑤_________ People in Beijing often eat porridge (粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment (营养) to put in the porridge
A.With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.
B.A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
C.Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.
D.According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.
E.The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water
F.One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.
G.The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.
三、完形填空（15空）
Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth. Almost all subsidise tuition — in America, to the tune of $200 billion a year. But they tend to overestimate the benefits and 1 the costs of expanding university education. As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are 2 .
Spending on universities is usually 3 by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking goes, 4 an economic boost for society as a whole. But the graduate premium is a faulty unit of calculation. Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate job-seeker an advantage 5 non-graduates. It is also a signal to employers of general qualities, such as intelligence and diligence, that someone already has in order to get into a university. Some professions require qualifications. But a degree is not always the best 6 of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. With degrees so 7 , employers are using them as a way to screen applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly 8 decent work.
In any case, the premium counts only the winners and not the losers. Across the rich world, a third of university students never graduate. It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education 9 and who are most likely to drop out. They pay fees and 10 earnings to study, but see little improvement in their future incomes. When dropouts are 11 , the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students shrinks to almost nothing. Many school-leavers are being 12 about the probable value of university.
Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school. They should start by rethinking their own 13 practices. School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocation skills and to demonstrate their 14 . If school qualifications were made more difficult to get, employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less 15 degrees. “Micro-credentials” — short, work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields, such as IT — show promise.
17．A. calculate B. cover C. demonstrate D. ignore
18．A. truer B. fuller C. lower D. earlier
19．A. supervised B. increased C. justified D. analysed
20．A. make up for B. add up to C. put up with D. stand up against
21．A. in terms of B. by means of C. at the expense of D. to the degree of
22．A. adjustment B. extension C. measure D. awareness
23．A. common B. hard C. possible D. specific
24．A. driven into B. hidden from C. taken up to D. locked out of
25．A. remains B. expands C. shrinks D. functions
26．A. adapt B. sacrifice C. withdraw D. relate
27．A. included B. neglected C. reduced D. surveyed
28．A. informed B. consulted C. misled D. misinterpreted
29．A. operating B. hiring C. accounting D. trading
30．A. employ-ability B. availability C. sociability D. individuality
31．A. restricted to B. surprised at C. curious about D. insistent on
四、短文填空
32．When I was 4, I wanted to go to Disney World. For most young kids, it’s a normal request, but I would walk into Disney World. I was born three months premature, and because of this, I have cerebral palsy (脑瘫). It is a condition① _________ doesn’t allow me to walk on my own. Even so, my dad and I had a detailed plan.
Over the next three years or so, I worked with physical therapists, acquired a walker and practiced walking, standing and balancing—all skills that I would need to turn my goal② _________ a reality.
Then I went, walking so slowly at first, then gradually③ _________ (speed) up, comforted and encouraged by all my friends and family. I lost my balance, bumping into something. Luckily, we④ _________ (practice)and planned for this type of situation in advance. Holding fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all of my six-year-old strength, picked up my walker and straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn’t too long⑤ _________ cheers came because I had made it to the end, ⑥ _________ my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready⑦ _________ (hug)her son and tell him how proud she was.
Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty⑧ _________ (essence). Every once in a while, life will throw a few⑨ _________ (bump)in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don’t let it stop you. Pick yourself up after you have fallen and go on walking. It’s worth⑩ _________. Besides, there just might be someone cheering you on along the way.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是学生会主席李华，当前新冠状病毒肆虐，请你围绕“从小事做起共战疫情”这一主题，给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。
要点如下：
1.倡议的原因和目的；
2.倡议的具体内容；
3.发出倡议。
注意；1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Proposal
Dear schoolmate,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
Feb. 14th. 2020
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One Saturday afternoon, I was watching TV in the living room with my grandpa when a blinding flash of lightning flashed across the sky, followed by a deafening sound, and the pictures on TV disappeared with that sound. Before I realized what had happened, a gray-white shadow rushed in through the open window and flew over my head. Bang! It hit the wall and slid off to the floor. Shaking with fear, I approached it cautiously and saw that it was a pigeon. It looked at me in fear, trying to open its wings and struggling its feet, but apparently powerless.
So I called my grandpa and immediately set out to give it a helping hand. Taking it in my hands, I felt a few drops of warmth on my hands. It was blood! I gently spread its wings and there were a few red feathers inside. "Don't worry. We'll get it out alive," Grandpa said to me. Then he got the first-aid kit. With some cotton, we dried the blood, cleaned the wound and then put it under a hairdryer to dry. All went smoothly, for the pigeon had no strength left to resist. There happened to be an empty birdcage at home, so I put it in gently and added a little water and some grains.
For the next few days, the moment I got home from school, I would run to feed the pigeon. And Grandpa helped a lot, tidying up the cage daily. Little by little, its strength returned. One evening, I fed it with the biscuit I was eating. It enjoyed it! One week later, its wound almost healed(痊愈); its feathers grew and it became brave. Whenever I sat at the table eating biscuits, it looked up at me, cooing(咕咕地叫) constantly. To my joy, I could also reach into the cage to touch it. When I gently fingered its head, it playfully pecked(啄) at me. Finally it completely recovered. But every time I was with it, it seemed restless in the cage. To make it happy and pretty, I tied an orange string(线) around its leg.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
One day, however, when I returned home, Grandpa met me at the door, looking embarrassed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sure enough, I saw a pigeon flying into the house the next afternoon!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad(在这个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告)”以及最后一段中“Companies saw his invention as a way to save money, doing away with individual offices and replacing them with open plans and cubicles.(公司把他的发明看作是一种省钱的方法，它废除了个人办公室，用开放式的隔间和小隔间取而代之)”可知，弹出式广告和办公隔间发明的初衷是对公司有利。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中““Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he said, “I would have never lifted a finger.”(“如果我知道德国人造不出原子弹，”他说，“我绝不会动一根手指头。”)”；第三段中“Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad(在这个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告)”以及最后一段中““The cubiclizing of people in modem corporations is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.(他说：“在现代公司里，把人关在格子间里是非常疯狂和愚蠢的。”)”可知，这三项发明的共同点是他们的发明者对他们的发明感到后悔。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us have dreamed of being a great inventor to create something great. However, just because someone’s invented something, it doesn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.(我们大多数人都梦想成为一个伟大的发明家，创造出伟大的东西。然而，仅仅因为有人发明了某样东西，并不意味着他们对最终结果感到满意)”结合文章介绍的都是发明及发明背后的故事，可推知，文章可能选自杂志的“科技”部分。故选D。
4．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“...but they cleared up within an hour.”(但他们在一小时内就消去了。)和第三句“When Harry’s mother Lisa got him to the doctor, there was nothing to see. ”(当Harry的母亲丽莎带他去看医生时，什么也看不见了。) 可推知，Harry身上的肿块消失得很快，妈妈带他去看医生的时候已经消了，无法诊断，所以一开始问题没有得到解决。故选C项。
5．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段“...At six months Harry was diagnosed with several food allergies, which doctors thought might have caused the bumps. But Harry continued to get the bumps even after shunning those foods.”(...六个月大时，Harry被诊断出患有几种食物过敏，医生认为这可能是导致肿块的原因。但即使在shunning那些食物后，哈利还是会继续感到不适。)可知，六个月的时候Harry 被诊断出几种食物过敏，这可能导致了身上的肿块。But表示转折，所以此处指即使“避免”接触这些食物，他身上还是会长这些肿块。故选B项。
6．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“From newborn babies to the old are likely to suffer from it.”(从新生儿到老年人都可能遭受这种疾病。)可知，从新生儿到老年人都可能得荨麻疹。故选A项。
7．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，作者主要是讲述小男孩Harry 患荨麻疹和寻医救治的经历。所以D项A little boy suffering from a terrible skin allergy(一个患有严重皮肤过敏的小男孩)符合文意。故选D项。
8．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study ’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
10．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。由第二段中的“By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence. (通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用distortions轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleading information）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distortions意为“Misleading information”。故选D项。
11．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study ’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities. (然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The retina offers a unique, accessible “window” to evaluate underlying pathological (病理的) processes of some serious diseases that are associated with increased risks of death. （视网膜提供了一个独特的、可访问的‘窗口’来评估一些与死亡风险增加相关的严重疾病的潜在病理过程）”可知，视网膜可以暗示死亡风险。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”和第三段的“Their deep-learning model, a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s modeled to learn similar to a human brain, analyzed more than 80.000 images of fundus (眼底) （他们的深度学习模型是一种机器学习和人工智能的模型，其学习方式类似于人脑。该模型分析了超过80000张眼底图像）”可知，研究人员通过分析眼底图像来了解视网膜的年龄。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“They found that 51 percent of the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between biological and chronological age - of more than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap of more than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap of more than 10 years.（他们发现，51%的参与者的“视网膜年龄差距”——生物年龄和时间年龄之间的差异——超过3年，28%的参与者的差距超过5年，4.5%的参与者的差距超过10年）”可知，视网膜年龄差最大的参与者占总参与者的4.5%。故选B。
15．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a person’s eyes, doctors might one day be able to predict that person’s risk of early death, according to a new study.（根据一项新的研究，通过检查一个人眼睛内的微小血管，医生也许有一天能够预测这个人早死的风险）”和第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”可知，本文主要介绍研究发现通过视网膜可以分析人的生理年龄进而预测死亡的风险。故C项“眼睛或许可以透露一个人的生理年龄”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
16．答案：①-⑤FDCGB
解析：①此小题前文在谈二十四节气,后文在谈二十四节气中的雨水,故需填入一个过渡句,F句意：24节气中的一个,叫做雨水,在春天非常重要。故此题选F。
②后文提到,在中国北方,春季干旱是普遍的,这个季节的降水只占10年平均降雨量的15%。说明春季的雨水特别宝贵,D句意：中国有句古话:春雨贵如油。故此题选D。
③前文说在中国北方,春季干旱是普遍的,这个季节的降水只占10年平均降雨量的15%。每年的这个时候,农民们开始犁地。当天气变暖,这是正确的时间来准备春播。说明春雨特别关键。C句意：因此,雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。
④前文提到,在“雨水”期间,需要特别注意处理再次出现的寒冷天气和湿度,湿度是空气中的水分。而后文又说,强烈建议不要过早脱下厚厚的外套,保暖,尤其是老人和儿童。故词题需说明雨水期间的降温,G句意：由于降雨,空气湿度迅速增加,会导致气温下降和天气潮湿。故选G。
⑤前文提到,中医认为,雨水期间的潮湿天气对人的脾胃有害。后文说北京人吃粥,则粥可以滋补身体。B句意：一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择。故选B。
17．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们往往高估了扩大大学教育的好处，而忽视了其成本。A. calculate计算；B. cover覆盖；C. demonstrate示范；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“But they tend to overestimate the benefits and”指高估大学教育的好处，忽视了其成本。故选D。
18．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求学位的年轻人越来越多，学位的回报便随之降低，对他们自己和政府来说都是如此。A. truer更真的；B. fuller更满的；C. lower更低的；D. earlier更早的。根据上文“As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are”以及上文提到学校和政府高估了扩大大学教育的好处，而忽视了其成本，说明追求学位的年轻人越来越多，学位的回报便随之降低，对他们自己和政府来说都是如此。故选C。
19．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学教育上花钱通常受到一个理由的支撑——“毕业生溢价”，即大学毕业生比非大学毕业生赚得多。A. supervised监督；B. increased增加；C. justified证明；D. analysed分析。根据后文“by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates”指花在大学上的钱通常是基于“毕业生溢价”——毕业生比非毕业生享有的收入增长。be justified by表示“靠……支持，以……为依据”。故选C。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些个人所得累积起来对整个社会是一种经济推动。A. make up for补偿；B. add up to合计达；C. put up with忍受；D. stand up against反对。根据后文“an economic boost for society as a whole”指个人所得累积起来对整个社会是一种经济推动。故选B。
21．答案：C
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：学位的部分用处在于，它以牺牲非大学毕业生的利益为代价，为毕业生提供了找工作的优势。A. in terms of根据；B. by means of依靠；C. at the expense of以……为代价；D. to the degree of到……的程度。根据上文“Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate job-seeker an advantage”可知，学位以牺牲非大学毕业生的利益为代价，为毕业生提供了找工作的优势。故选C。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳尺度。A. adjustment调整；B. extension延伸；C. measure测量；D. awareness意识。根据后文“of the skills and knowledge needed for a job”可知学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳标准。故选C。
23．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于学位如此普遍，雇主们将其作为筛选求职者的一种方式。A. common普遍的；B. hard努力的；C. possible可能的；D. specific特别的。呼应上文“As more young people seek degrees”指学位变得普遍。故选A。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外A. driven into分成；B. hidden from隐藏；C. taken up to占用；D. locked out of无法获得，关在外面。根据上文“employers are using them as a way to screen applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly”可知，学位如此普遍，雇主们将其作为筛选求职者的一种方式，因此，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外。故选D。
25．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着高等教育的扩大，最弱的学生被吸引进来，他们最有可能辍学。A. remains保持；B. expands扩大；C. shrinks缩小；D. functions运转。呼应第一段中“Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.(政府热衷于高等教育，将其视为促进社会流动性和经济增长的一种手段)”指高等教育的扩大，故选B。
26．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们支付学费，牺牲收入来学习，但看不到未来收入的改善。A. adapt适应；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. withdraw退出；D. relate联系。根据上文“They pay fees ”以及后文“earnings to study”可知牺牲收入来学习。故选B。
27．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果算上辍学生，最差学生开始攻读学位的预期经济回报几乎为零。A. included包括；B. neglected忽视；C. reduced减少；D. surveyed调查。根据上文“When dropouts are”指辍学学生被包括进来，应用include。故选A。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多中学毕业生对大学可能的价值被误导了。A. informed通知；B. consulted咨询；C. misled误导；D. misinterpreted误解。结合上文“the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students shrinks to almost nothing(最差学生开始攻读学位的预期经济回报几乎为零)”可知，许多中学毕业生对大学可能的价值被误导了。故选C。
29．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们应该重新考虑自己的招聘做法。A. operating操作；B. hiring雇佣；C. accounting解释；D. trading交易。根据后文“gain vocation skills”可知，提供更多的课余选择让年轻人重新考虑自己的招聘做法。故选B。
30．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：应该给毕业生提供更广泛的途径来获得职业技能和展示他们的就业能力。A. employ-ability就业能力；B. availability可用性；C. sociability社交性；D. individuality个性。根据上文“gain vocation skills and to demonstrate their”可知，给毕业生提供更广泛的途径来获得职业技能和展示他们的就业能力。故选A。
31．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果学校资格证书更难获得，雇主将更有可能将其视为能力的标志，而不那么执着于学位。A. restricted to限制；B. surprised at对……感到惊讶；C. curious about好奇；D. insistent on坚持，执着。结合上文“employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability”可知，如果学校资格证书更难获得，雇主将更有可能将其视为能力的标志，而不那么执着于学位。故选D。
32．答案：①that/which②into③speeding④had practiced⑤before⑥where⑦to hug⑧essential⑨bumps⑩it
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：这种情况让我不能独自行走。句中“_____ doesn’t allow me to walk on my own”是定语从句，修饰先行词condition，指物，从句中缺少主语，可填that或which。故填that或which。
②考查介词。句意：在接下来的三年左右的时间里，我配合理疗师，学会了走路、站立和平衡，这些都是我实现目标所需要的技能。固定短语turn sth. into reality意为“把……变为现实”。根据句意“把我的目标变成现实”。故填into。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我开始练习，一开始走得很慢，后来逐渐加快，我收到了所有朋友和家人的安慰和鼓励。句中三个谓语动词went, comforted, encouraged用连词and连接，因此speed是非谓语动词做状语。因“speed加速”和主语“I我”之间是主动关系，故填speeding。
④考查时态。句意：幸运的是，我们提前练习并且计划过这种情况。根据前文“I lost my balance, bumping into something. (我失去了平衡，撞到了什么东西。)”的时态可知，本句“this type of situation”发生在过去，因此我们提前练习和计划发生在“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时。故填had practiced。
⑤考查时间状语从句。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。“It wasn’t long before+过去时”是固定结构，意为“不久以后就……，没过多久就……”。根据句意，以及句中was和came可知，本句话符合此句型。故填before。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句修饰先行词end表示“终点”，从句缺少地点状语。故填where。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。分析句子可知，句中was waiting是where引导的定语从句的谓语动词，因此hug应为非谓语动词做状语。根据句意“妈妈泪流满面，张开双臂”是为了拥抱儿子，因此用不定式做状语表目的。故填to hug。
⑧考查形容词。句意：回顾那段经历，我意识到一些非常重要的事情。根据不定代词的用法：形容词修饰不定代词时放在不定代词后，以及句意可知，此空应填形容词，修饰something。故填essential。
⑨考查名词。句意：每隔一段时间，生活就会在路上设置一些坎坷。bump是可数名词，意为“隆起，突起”。根据空前“a few”也可得知，此处应填可数名词复数。故填bumps。
⑩考查代词。句意：这是值得的。固定句型be worth it，意为“很值得”。故填it。
33．答案：Dear schoolmate,
Over the past month, the novel coronavirus has made its way around China. It has a strong impact on our study and life. In order to ease the serious condition, we all the students had better do as follows:
First of all, stay at home and don't go out unless necessary, which is beneficial to yourself and others. In addition, do wear protective masks outdoors and wash hands as often as possible. Last but not least, everyone ought to have a positive attitude to the campaign against the disease. Only in this way will we get through the darkest time.
Let's take action quickly. We have confidence that we will win the fight soon.
The Students’ Union
Feb. 14th. 2020
解析：1.倡议的原因和目的；2.倡议的具体内容；3.发出倡议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：have a strong impact on (巨大影响)；ease the serious condition (缓解疫情)；had better do (最好做某事)；as often as possible(尽可能经常地)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用现在完成时和一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
34．答案：
One day, however, when I returned home, Grandpa met me at the door, looking embarrassed. I asked him what had happened. He turned around and pointed to the birdcage, apologizing to me that the pigeon slid out when he was tidying up the cage and flew away through the open window. Gone! I couldn't believe my ears. I rushed over to the birdcage. Just empty! I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming down my cheeks. "Where has it gone Will it be hurt again Will it come back ..." I asked Grandpa, sobbing. "It will fly back!" he convinced me, wiping away my tears gently.
Sure enough, I saw a pigeon flying into the house the next afternoon! It perched near the birdcage, cooing. Despite great excitement, I approached it quietly. It was gray-white and had an orange string tied to one leg. My pigeon came back! "It must be hungry," Grandpa grinned. Immediately, I fed it with grains and then tiptoed to the window and closed it, urging Grandpa to cage it. But he didn't. "Pigeons need freedom," he explained to me patiently. I was hesitant but looking at the pigeon wandering and pecking at the grains peacefully, I realized Grandpa was right! I turned back to the window and opened it.
解析：本文以鸽子为线索展开，讲述了作者在爷爷的帮助下救治了一只受伤的鸽子，在作者的精心照料下，鸽子渐渐恢复。有一天鸽子飞走了，引起作者的伤心。第二天，鸽子好像不忘救命之恩，又飞回家中。在爷爷的教育下，作者意识到鸟儿的快乐是要自由飞翔，果断地放飞鸽子的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容"然而，有一天，当我回到家，爷爷在门口迎接我，看起来很尴尬。"可知，第一段可描写鸽子飞走了，作者的无限伤心，爷爷的极力安慰。
②由第二段首句内容"果然，第二天下午我看见一只鸽子飞进了房子！"可知，第二段可描写作者重新见到鸽子的喜悦，以及作者新的认识，放飞鸽子。
2.续写线索：难过哭泣—伤心—(爷爷)道歉安慰—喜悦照顾鸽子—明理—放飞
3.词汇激活
行为类
①哭泣：cry/weep/ tears streaming down my cheeks
②道歉：say sorry to/apologize to
③照顾：look after/take good care of
情绪类
①.伤心：feel sad/get upset
②.喜悦：feel excited/get delighted
[高分句型1]. He turned around and pointed to the birdcage, apologizing to me that the pigeon slid out when he was tidying up the cage and flew away through the open window.(非谓语动词apologize现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming down my cheeks.(独立主格结构)
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Most of us have dreamed of being a great inventor to create something great. However, just because someone’s invented something, it doesn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.
Albert Einstein—The Atomic Bomb
It’s Albert Einstein’s work that made the creation of the atomic bomb possible.
However, years later Einstein regretted having signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging him to support the research into nuclear chain reactions, because he believed the Germans were already working on it. “Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he said, “I would have never lifted a finger.”
Ethan Zuckerman—The Pop-up Advertisement
If you’ve ever found yourself yelling at your computer screen in frustration as yet another pop-up ad leaps into view, Zuckerman is the person to blame. “The business model that got us funded was advertising. The model was analyzing users’ personal homepages so we could better target ads to them. Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad,” Zuckerman explained.
Bob Propst—The Office Cubicle
In the 1960s, Bob Propst introduced the office cubicle to Americans. It was designed to “give knowledge workers a more flexible environment than the rat-maze boxes of panies saw his invention as a way to save money, doing away with individual offices and replacing them with open plans and cubicles. However, Propst came to complain his invention. “The cubiclizing of people in modern corporations is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.
1．What are the initial purpose of the inventions of the Pop-up Advertisement and the Office Cubicle
A. To save money. B. To entertain the users.
C. To benefit the companies. D. To impress the companies.
2．What do the three inventions have in common
A. Their inventors regretted their creations.
B. They are disliked by all those who use them.
C. They have been widely used in our daily life.
D. The inventions could save a lot of money.
3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A. Story. B. Business. C. Education. D. Technology.
For most children, bath time is fun. But four-year-old Harry Floyd used to have a very different experience—soon after climbing into the water he felt itchy (发痒的) from head to foot.
Harry first started to develop small itchy bumps on the skin at three months old. He woke at 3 a. m. and was covered in the bumps, but they cleared up within an hour. When Harry's mother Lisa got him to the doctor, there was nothing to see. Lisa initially thought it was the soap that Harry was allergic to, but even when she just used water to bathe him he would still get the bumps. Lisa was then alarmed to see that when the weather was really cold or hot Harry would start to get them. Within a few minutes they would spread over his body. He'd just scream and try to scratch them.
Lisa and her husband Eddie took Harry to the doctor many times over the next year, but were told it was simply a virus and the condition wouldn't affect his older brother, Oliver. At six months Harry was diagnosed with several food allergies, which doctors thought might have caused the bumps. But Harry continued to get the bumps even after shunning those foods. Out of desperation, the family took Harry to Great Ormond Street Hospital to see a private specialist. By coincidence, Harry got the bumps when they were waiting to see the consultant. So the consultant saw exactly how severe it was. And Harry was diagnosed with physical urticaria (荨麻疹), a skin allergy to a host of common triggers (触发物). Since the diagnosis, Harry’s condition has greatly improved.
The cause of physical urticaria is still a mystery. Genetics may play a role and stress has been seen as a trigger. From newborn babies to the old are likely to suffer from it. Recent research suggests around one million people in Britain suffer from the condition, although experts say this may be inaccurate, with many more going undiagnosed.
4．Why does Harry's problem remain unsolved at the first time
A. Lisa was unsure about the triggers.
B. Hospital equipment was not advanced.
C. His symptoms disappeared in a short time.
D. Doctors lacked experience to identify the bumps.
5．What does the underlined word “shunning” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Digesting. B. Avoiding. C. Selecting. D. Ignoring.
6．What can we know from the last paragraph
A. Physical urticaria can start at any age.
B. Harry's father used to have physical urticaria.
C. Physical urticaria is rather uncommon in Britain.
D. Physical urticaria can be easily passed on to children.
7．What does the text mainly talk about
A. The symptoms of a rare disease.
B. The possible causes of physical urticaria.
C. A family seeking treatment for their injured kid.
D. A little boy suffering from a terrible skin allergy.
I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法学) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study ” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
8．What is the author’s course goal for her students
A. Thinking critically. B. Reading deeply.
C. Designing studies well. D. Questioning themselves.
9．What did Sayers imply about education
A. It was boring. B. It was worrying.
C. It was conventional. D. It was useless.
10．What does the underlined word “distortions” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Popular news. B. Various evaluations.
C. Persuasive arguments. D. Misleading information.
11．Why does the author write the text
A. To review a book. B. To introduce a writer.
C. To suggest a practical skill. D. To criticize social media.
By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a person’s eyes, doctors might one day be able to predict that person’s risk of early death, according to a new study.
Past research had shown the retina (视网膜), light-sensitive layers of nerve tissue at the back of the eye, as a possible indicator of a person’s bjological age. The retina offers a unique, accessible “window” to evaluate underlying pathological (病理的) processes of some serious diseases that are associated with increased risks of death. In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.
Their deep-learning model, a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s modeled to learn similar to a human brain, analyzed more than 80.000 images of fundus (眼底) - the internal back surface of the eye that includes the retina. They obtained the images from nearly 47.000 people between the ages of 40 and 69, stored in the UK. Biobank. TO figure out whether their model was accurate, they first analyzed more than 19,000 fundus images taken from more than 1,100 participants who were in relatively good health. The idea was that the retinal biological ages of these people should be fairly similar to their chronological age (实际年龄) .
The model was fairly accurate in predicting retinal ages, with an accuracy of within 3.5 years to chronological ages. They then used the model to assess the remaining nearly 36,000 participants’ fundus photos collected across a span of 11 years. They found that 51 percent of the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between biological and chronological age - of more than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap of more than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap of more than 10 years. In other words, these participants had “older” eyes compared to their chronological age.
Those who had larger age gaps had a 49-67 percent higher risk of death from causes other than cardiovascular disease or cancer. With every one year increase in the age gap, the risk of death increased by 2 percent for any cause and 3 percent for causes other than cardiovascular disease and cancer.
12．What can we know about the retina
A. It causes serious diseases.
B. It indicates the risk of death.
C. It speeds pathological processes.
D. It improves people’s physical health.
13．How do researchers know the retinal age
A. By examining the nerve tissue.
B. By studying the human brain,
C. By checking the eyesight.
D. By analyzing fundus images.
14．What percentage of the participants had the largest retinal age gap
A. 3.5%. B. 4.5%. C. 28%. D. 51%
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. A new study is conducted on tiny vessels
B. Image technology is used to predict diseases
C. Eyes may reveal a person’s biological age
D. A deep-leaning on the retina is necessary
二、七选五
16． The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term. ①_________
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes. wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again.
②_________ In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer. ③_________
During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air. ④_________ It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.
The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. ⑤_________ People in Beijing often eat porridge (粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment (营养) to put in the porridge
A.With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.
B.A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
C.Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.
D.According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.
E.The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water
F.One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.
G.The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.
三、完形填空（15空）
Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth. Almost all subsidise tuition — in America, to the tune of $200 billion a year. But they tend to overestimate the benefits and 1 the costs of expanding university education. As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are 2 .
Spending on universities is usually 3 by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking goes, 4 an economic boost for society as a whole. But the graduate premium is a faulty unit of calculation. Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate job-seeker an advantage 5 non-graduates. It is also a signal to employers of general qualities, such as intelligence and diligence, that someone already has in order to get into a university. Some professions require qualifications. But a degree is not always the best 6 of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. With degrees so 7 , employers are using them as a way to screen applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly 8 decent work.
In any case, the premium counts only the winners and not the losers. Across the rich world, a third of university students never graduate. It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education 9 and who are most likely to drop out. They pay fees and 10 earnings to study, but see little improvement in their future incomes. When dropouts are 11 , the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students shrinks to almost nothing. Many school-leavers are being 12 about the probable value of university.
Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school. They should start by rethinking their own 13 practices. School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocation skills and to demonstrate their 14 . If school qualifications were made more difficult to get, employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less 15 degrees. “Micro-credentials” — short, work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields, such as IT — show promise.
17．A. calculate B. cover C. demonstrate D. ignore
18．A. truer B. fuller C. lower D. earlier
19．A. supervised B. increased C. justified D. analysed
20．A. make up for B. add up to C. put up with D. stand up against
21．A. in terms of B. by means of C. at the expense of D. to the degree of
22．A. adjustment B. extension C. measure D. awareness
23．A. common B. hard C. possible D. specific
24．A. driven into B. hidden from C. taken up to D. locked out of
25．A. remains B. expands C. shrinks D. functions
26．A. adapt B. sacrifice C. withdraw D. relate
27．A. included B. neglected C. reduced D. surveyed
28．A. informed B. consulted C. misled D. misinterpreted
29．A. operating B. hiring C. accounting D. trading
30．A. employ-ability B. availability C. sociability D. individuality
31．A. restricted to B. surprised at C. curious about D. insistent on
四、短文填空
32．When I was 4, I wanted to go to Disney World. For most young kids, it’s a normal request, but I would walk into Disney World. I was born three months premature, and because of this, I have cerebral palsy (脑瘫). It is a condition① _________ doesn’t allow me to walk on my own. Even so, my dad and I had a detailed plan.
Over the next three years or so, I worked with physical therapists, acquired a walker and practiced walking, standing and balancing—all skills that I would need to turn my goal② _________ a reality.
Then I went, walking so slowly at first, then gradually③ _________ (speed) up, comforted and encouraged by all my friends and family. I lost my balance, bumping into something. Luckily, we④ _________ (practice)and planned for this type of situation in advance. Holding fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all of my six-year-old strength, picked up my walker and straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn’t too long⑤ _________ cheers came because I had made it to the end, ⑥ _________ my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready⑦ _________ (hug)her son and tell him how proud she was.
Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty⑧ _________ (essence). Every once in a while, life will throw a few⑨ _________ (bump)in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don’t let it stop you. Pick yourself up after you have fallen and go on walking. It’s worth⑩ _________. Besides, there just might be someone cheering you on along the way.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是学生会主席李华，当前新冠状病毒肆虐，请你围绕“从小事做起共战疫情”这一主题，给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。
要点如下：
1.倡议的原因和目的；
2.倡议的具体内容；
3.发出倡议。
注意；1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Proposal
Dear schoolmate,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
Feb. 14th. 2020
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One Saturday afternoon, I was watching TV in the living room with my grandpa when a blinding flash of lightning flashed across the sky, followed by a deafening sound, and the pictures on TV disappeared with that sound. Before I realized what had happened, a gray-white shadow rushed in through the open window and flew over my head. Bang! It hit the wall and slid off to the floor. Shaking with fear, I approached it cautiously and saw that it was a pigeon. It looked at me in fear, trying to open its wings and struggling its feet, but apparently powerless.
So I called my grandpa and immediately set out to give it a helping hand. Taking it in my hands, I felt a few drops of warmth on my hands. It was blood! I gently spread its wings and there were a few red feathers inside. "Don't worry. We'll get it out alive," Grandpa said to me. Then he got the first-aid kit. With some cotton, we dried the blood, cleaned the wound and then put it under a hairdryer to dry. All went smoothly, for the pigeon had no strength left to resist. There happened to be an empty birdcage at home, so I put it in gently and added a little water and some grains.
For the next few days, the moment I got home from school, I would run to feed the pigeon. And Grandpa helped a lot, tidying up the cage daily. Little by little, its strength returned. One evening, I fed it with the biscuit I was eating. It enjoyed it! One week later, its wound almost healed(痊愈); its feathers grew and it became brave. Whenever I sat at the table eating biscuits, it looked up at me, cooing(咕咕地叫) constantly. To my joy, I could also reach into the cage to touch it. When I gently fingered its head, it playfully pecked(啄) at me. Finally it completely recovered. But every time I was with it, it seemed restless in the cage. To make it happy and pretty, I tied an orange string(线) around its leg.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
One day, however, when I returned home, Grandpa met me at the door, looking embarrassed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sure enough, I saw a pigeon flying into the house the next afternoon!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad(在这个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告)”以及最后一段中“Companies saw his invention as a way to save money, doing away with individual offices and replacing them with open plans and cubicles.(公司把他的发明看作是一种省钱的方法，它废除了个人办公室，用开放式的隔间和小隔间取而代之)”可知，弹出式广告和办公隔间发明的初衷是对公司有利。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中““Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he said, “I would have never lifted a finger.”(“如果我知道德国人造不出原子弹，”他说，“我绝不会动一根手指头。”)”；第三段中“Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad(在这个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告)”以及最后一段中““The cubiclizing of people in modem corporations is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.(他说：“在现代公司里，把人关在格子间里是非常疯狂和愚蠢的。”)”可知，这三项发明的共同点是他们的发明者对他们的发明感到后悔。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us have dreamed of being a great inventor to create something great. However, just because someone’s invented something, it doesn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.(我们大多数人都梦想成为一个伟大的发明家，创造出伟大的东西。然而，仅仅因为有人发明了某样东西，并不意味着他们对最终结果感到满意)”结合文章介绍的都是发明及发明背后的故事，可推知，文章可能选自杂志的“科技”部分。故选D。
4．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“...but they cleared up within an hour.”(但他们在一小时内就消去了。)和第三句“When Harry’s mother Lisa got him to the doctor, there was nothing to see. ”(当Harry的母亲丽莎带他去看医生时，什么也看不见了。) 可推知，Harry身上的肿块消失得很快，妈妈带他去看医生的时候已经消了，无法诊断，所以一开始问题没有得到解决。故选C项。
5．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段“...At six months Harry was diagnosed with several food allergies, which doctors thought might have caused the bumps. But Harry continued to get the bumps even after shunning those foods.”(...六个月大时，Harry被诊断出患有几种食物过敏，医生认为这可能是导致肿块的原因。但即使在shunning那些食物后，哈利还是会继续感到不适。)可知，六个月的时候Harry 被诊断出几种食物过敏，这可能导致了身上的肿块。But表示转折，所以此处指即使“避免”接触这些食物，他身上还是会长这些肿块。故选B项。
6．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“From newborn babies to the old are likely to suffer from it.”(从新生儿到老年人都可能遭受这种疾病。)可知，从新生儿到老年人都可能得荨麻疹。故选A项。
7．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，作者主要是讲述小男孩Harry 患荨麻疹和寻医救治的经历。所以D项A little boy suffering from a terrible skin allergy(一个患有严重皮肤过敏的小男孩)符合文意。故选D项。
8．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study ’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
10．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。由第二段中的“By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence. (通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用distortions轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleading information）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distortions意为“Misleading information”。故选D项。
11．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study ’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities. (然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The retina offers a unique, accessible “window” to evaluate underlying pathological (病理的) processes of some serious diseases that are associated with increased risks of death. （视网膜提供了一个独特的、可访问的‘窗口’来评估一些与死亡风险增加相关的严重疾病的潜在病理过程）”可知，视网膜可以暗示死亡风险。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”和第三段的“Their deep-learning model, a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s modeled to learn similar to a human brain, analyzed more than 80.000 images of fundus (眼底) （他们的深度学习模型是一种机器学习和人工智能的模型，其学习方式类似于人脑。该模型分析了超过80000张眼底图像）”可知，研究人员通过分析眼底图像来了解视网膜的年龄。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“They found that 51 percent of the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between biological and chronological age - of more than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap of more than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap of more than 10 years.（他们发现，51%的参与者的“视网膜年龄差距”——生物年龄和时间年龄之间的差异——超过3年，28%的参与者的差距超过5年，4.5%的参与者的差距超过10年）”可知，视网膜年龄差最大的参与者占总参与者的4.5%。故选B。
15．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a person’s eyes, doctors might one day be able to predict that person’s risk of early death, according to a new study.（根据一项新的研究，通过检查一个人眼睛内的微小血管，医生也许有一天能够预测这个人早死的风险）”和第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned to a deep-learning technique that could predict a person’s risk of death by analyzing the biological age of the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”可知，本文主要介绍研究发现通过视网膜可以分析人的生理年龄进而预测死亡的风险。故C项“眼睛或许可以透露一个人的生理年龄”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
16．答案：①-⑤FDCGB
解析：①此小题前文在谈二十四节气,后文在谈二十四节气中的雨水,故需填入一个过渡句,F句意：24节气中的一个,叫做雨水,在春天非常重要。故此题选F。
②后文提到,在中国北方,春季干旱是普遍的,这个季节的降水只占10年平均降雨量的15%。说明春季的雨水特别宝贵,D句意：中国有句古话:春雨贵如油。故此题选D。
③前文说在中国北方,春季干旱是普遍的,这个季节的降水只占10年平均降雨量的15%。每年的这个时候,农民们开始犁地。当天气变暖,这是正确的时间来准备春播。说明春雨特别关键。C句意：因此,雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。
④前文提到,在“雨水”期间,需要特别注意处理再次出现的寒冷天气和湿度,湿度是空气中的水分。而后文又说,强烈建议不要过早脱下厚厚的外套,保暖,尤其是老人和儿童。故词题需说明雨水期间的降温,G句意：由于降雨,空气湿度迅速增加,会导致气温下降和天气潮湿。故选G。
⑤前文提到,中医认为,雨水期间的潮湿天气对人的脾胃有害。后文说北京人吃粥,则粥可以滋补身体。B句意：一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择。故选B。
17．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们往往高估了扩大大学教育的好处，而忽视了其成本。A. calculate计算；B. cover覆盖；C. demonstrate示范；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“But they tend to overestimate the benefits and”指高估大学教育的好处，忽视了其成本。故选D。
18．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求学位的年轻人越来越多，学位的回报便随之降低，对他们自己和政府来说都是如此。A. truer更真的；B. fuller更满的；C. lower更低的；D. earlier更早的。根据上文“As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are”以及上文提到学校和政府高估了扩大大学教育的好处，而忽视了其成本，说明追求学位的年轻人越来越多，学位的回报便随之降低，对他们自己和政府来说都是如此。故选C。
19．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学教育上花钱通常受到一个理由的支撑——“毕业生溢价”，即大学毕业生比非大学毕业生赚得多。A. supervised监督；B. increased增加；C. justified证明；D. analysed分析。根据后文“by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates”指花在大学上的钱通常是基于“毕业生溢价”——毕业生比非毕业生享有的收入增长。be justified by表示“靠……支持，以……为依据”。故选C。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些个人所得累积起来对整个社会是一种经济推动。A. make up for补偿；B. add up to合计达；C. put up with忍受；D. stand up against反对。根据后文“an economic boost for society as a whole”指个人所得累积起来对整个社会是一种经济推动。故选B。
21．答案：C
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：学位的部分用处在于，它以牺牲非大学毕业生的利益为代价，为毕业生提供了找工作的优势。A. in terms of根据；B. by means of依靠；C. at the expense of以……为代价；D. to the degree of到……的程度。根据上文“Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate job-seeker an advantage”可知，学位以牺牲非大学毕业生的利益为代价，为毕业生提供了找工作的优势。故选C。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳尺度。A. adjustment调整；B. extension延伸；C. measure测量；D. awareness意识。根据后文“of the skills and knowledge needed for a job”可知学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳标准。故选C。
23．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于学位如此普遍，雇主们将其作为筛选求职者的一种方式。A. common普遍的；B. hard努力的；C. possible可能的；D. specific特别的。呼应上文“As more young people seek degrees”指学位变得普遍。故选A。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外A. driven into分成；B. hidden from隐藏；C. taken up to占用；D. locked out of无法获得，关在外面。根据上文“employers are using them as a way to screen applicants. Non-graduates are thus increasingly”可知，学位如此普遍，雇主们将其作为筛选求职者的一种方式，因此，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外。故选D。
25．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着高等教育的扩大，最弱的学生被吸引进来，他们最有可能辍学。A. remains保持；B. expands扩大；C. shrinks缩小；D. functions运转。呼应第一段中“Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.(政府热衷于高等教育，将其视为促进社会流动性和经济增长的一种手段)”指高等教育的扩大，故选B。
26．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们支付学费，牺牲收入来学习，但看不到未来收入的改善。A. adapt适应；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. withdraw退出；D. relate联系。根据上文“They pay fees ”以及后文“earnings to study”可知牺牲收入来学习。故选B。
27．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果算上辍学生，最差学生开始攻读学位的预期经济回报几乎为零。A. included包括；B. neglected忽视；C. reduced减少；D. surveyed调查。根据上文“When dropouts are”指辍学学生被包括进来，应用include。故选A。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多中学毕业生对大学可能的价值被误导了。A. informed通知；B. consulted咨询；C. misled误导；D. misinterpreted误解。结合上文“the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students shrinks to almost nothing(最差学生开始攻读学位的预期经济回报几乎为零)”可知，许多中学毕业生对大学可能的价值被误导了。故选C。
29．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们应该重新考虑自己的招聘做法。A. operating操作；B. hiring雇佣；C. accounting解释；D. trading交易。根据后文“gain vocation skills”可知，提供更多的课余选择让年轻人重新考虑自己的招聘做法。故选B。
30．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：应该给毕业生提供更广泛的途径来获得职业技能和展示他们的就业能力。A. employ-ability就业能力；B. availability可用性；C. sociability社交性；D. individuality个性。根据上文“gain vocation skills and to demonstrate their”可知，给毕业生提供更广泛的途径来获得职业技能和展示他们的就业能力。故选A。
31．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果学校资格证书更难获得，雇主将更有可能将其视为能力的标志，而不那么执着于学位。A. restricted to限制；B. surprised at对……感到惊讶；C. curious about好奇；D. insistent on坚持，执着。结合上文“employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability”可知，如果学校资格证书更难获得，雇主将更有可能将其视为能力的标志，而不那么执着于学位。故选D。
32．答案：①that/which②into③speeding④had practiced⑤before⑥where⑦to hug⑧essential⑨bumps⑩it
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：这种情况让我不能独自行走。句中“_____ doesn’t allow me to walk on my own”是定语从句，修饰先行词condition，指物，从句中缺少主语，可填that或which。故填that或which。
②考查介词。句意：在接下来的三年左右的时间里，我配合理疗师，学会了走路、站立和平衡，这些都是我实现目标所需要的技能。固定短语turn sth. into reality意为“把……变为现实”。根据句意“把我的目标变成现实”。故填into。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我开始练习，一开始走得很慢，后来逐渐加快，我收到了所有朋友和家人的安慰和鼓励。句中三个谓语动词went, comforted, encouraged用连词and连接，因此speed是非谓语动词做状语。因“speed加速”和主语“I我”之间是主动关系，故填speeding。
④考查时态。句意：幸运的是，我们提前练习并且计划过这种情况。根据前文“I lost my balance, bumping into something. (我失去了平衡，撞到了什么东西。)”的时态可知，本句“this type of situation”发生在过去，因此我们提前练习和计划发生在“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时。故填had practiced。
⑤考查时间状语从句。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。“It wasn’t long before+过去时”是固定结构，意为“不久以后就……，没过多久就……”。根据句意，以及句中was和came可知，本句话符合此句型。故填before。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句修饰先行词end表示“终点”，从句缺少地点状语。故填where。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。分析句子可知，句中was waiting是where引导的定语从句的谓语动词，因此hug应为非谓语动词做状语。根据句意“妈妈泪流满面，张开双臂”是为了拥抱儿子，因此用不定式做状语表目的。故填to hug。
⑧考查形容词。句意：回顾那段经历，我意识到一些非常重要的事情。根据不定代词的用法：形容词修饰不定代词时放在不定代词后，以及句意可知，此空应填形容词，修饰something。故填essential。
⑨考查名词。句意：每隔一段时间，生活就会在路上设置一些坎坷。bump是可数名词，意为“隆起，突起”。根据空前“a few”也可得知，此处应填可数名词复数。故填bumps。
⑩考查代词。句意：这是值得的。固定句型be worth it，意为“很值得”。故填it。
33．答案：Dear schoolmate,
Over the past month, the novel coronavirus has made its way around China. It has a strong impact on our study and life. In order to ease the serious condition, we all the students had better do as follows:
First of all, stay at home and don't go out unless necessary, which is beneficial to yourself and others. In addition, do wear protective masks outdoors and wash hands as often as possible. Last but not least, everyone ought to have a positive attitude to the campaign against the disease. Only in this way will we get through the darkest time.
Let's take action quickly. We have confidence that we will win the fight soon.
The Students’ Union
Feb. 14th. 2020
解析：1.倡议的原因和目的；2.倡议的具体内容；3.发出倡议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：have a strong impact on (巨大影响)；ease the serious condition (缓解疫情)；had better do (最好做某事)；as often as possible(尽可能经常地)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用现在完成时和一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
34．答案：
One day, however, when I returned home, Grandpa met me at the door, looking embarrassed. I asked him what had happened. He turned around and pointed to the birdcage, apologizing to me that the pigeon slid out when he was tidying up the cage and flew away through the open window. Gone! I couldn't believe my ears. I rushed over to the birdcage. Just empty! I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming down my cheeks. "Where has it gone Will it be hurt again Will it come back ..." I asked Grandpa, sobbing. "It will fly back!" he convinced me, wiping away my tears gently.
Sure enough, I saw a pigeon flying into the house the next afternoon! It perched near the birdcage, cooing. Despite great excitement, I approached it quietly. It was gray-white and had an orange string tied to one leg. My pigeon came back! "It must be hungry," Grandpa grinned. Immediately, I fed it with grains and then tiptoed to the window and closed it, urging Grandpa to cage it. But he didn't. "Pigeons need freedom," he explained to me patiently. I was hesitant but looking at the pigeon wandering and pecking at the grains peacefully, I realized Grandpa was right! I turned back to the window and opened it.
解析：本文以鸽子为线索展开，讲述了作者在爷爷的帮助下救治了一只受伤的鸽子，在作者的精心照料下，鸽子渐渐恢复。有一天鸽子飞走了，引起作者的伤心。第二天，鸽子好像不忘救命之恩，又飞回家中。在爷爷的教育下，作者意识到鸟儿的快乐是要自由飞翔，果断地放飞鸽子的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容"然而，有一天，当我回到家，爷爷在门口迎接我，看起来很尴尬。"可知，第一段可描写鸽子飞走了，作者的无限伤心，爷爷的极力安慰。
②由第二段首句内容"果然，第二天下午我看见一只鸽子飞进了房子！"可知，第二段可描写作者重新见到鸽子的喜悦，以及作者新的认识，放飞鸽子。
2.续写线索：难过哭泣—伤心—(爷爷)道歉安慰—喜悦照顾鸽子—明理—放飞
3.词汇激活
行为类
①哭泣：cry/weep/ tears streaming down my cheeks
②道歉：say sorry to/apologize to
③照顾：look after/take good care of
情绪类
①.伤心：feel sad/get upset
②.喜悦：feel excited/get delighted
[高分句型1]. He turned around and pointed to the birdcage, apologizing to me that the pigeon slid out when he was tidying up the cage and flew away through the open window.(非谓语动词apologize现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming down my cheeks.(独立主格结构)
同课章节目录