(共29张PPT)
第23课时 九年级 Unit 13~ Unit 14
精讲 精练
一、使役动词
使役动词指表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的动词，是一种不完全及物动词，主要有make(使)，let(让)，have(有；让；从事；允许；拿)等。
在主动语态中，使役动词后接受词，即动作的承受者，然后再接不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)，作为受词的补语。
例：Please have him come here.
请叫他到这里来。
I let them go.
我让他们离开了。
在被动语态中，使役动词的受词补语要改为带to的动词不定式。
例：I was made to laugh by him.我被他逗笑了。
【同步练习】
用括号内词语的正确形式填空。
1．They made me ________(repeat)the story.
2．What would you have me _____(do)，Aflred
repeat
do
二、It's＋adj.＋for/of＋sb.to do sth.句型
在这个句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.，“for/of＋sb.”有时可以省略。
这个句型的难点在于for和of的选择上，到底是用for还是用of，其前的形容词是判断的主要因素。
1．在“It's＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋to do sth.”句型中，作表语的形容词大多是表示事物性质的静态形容词，如easy，difficult，important，necessary，impossible，hard等。这类形容词与for后面的名词(代词)关系不大，没有意义上的主表关系。
例：It is necessary for us to practice speaking English everyday.
对我们来说，每天练习说英语是很有必要的。
2．在“It's＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.”句型中，作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词，如brave，careless，careful，clever，kind等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与of后的名词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系。
例：It is selfish of you to do so.
你这样做是很自私的。
注：一般来说，如果能把句子改写为：Sb.is adj.＋to do sth.，则用of；反之则用for。
【同步练习】
1．It's so brave _____ the policeman __________(save)the boy's life.
2．It's too difficult ______ us ___________(finish)the work in such a short time.
3．It is careless ______ you __________(make)the same mistake in your paper.
of
to save
for
to finish
of
to make
三、辨析attend，join，take part in
attend表示出席、参加会议、典礼、仪式等。它是一个及物动词，用法正式，只表示“出席”或“参加”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。
例：He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
join表示加入党派、团体、组织等，强调成为其中一员。也可表示和某人一起做某事，如join sb.(in doing sth)。
例：When did your brother join the army
你哥哥是什么时候参军的？
We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday.Will you join us
我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你要跟我们一道去吗？
take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，强调参加并在活动中发挥作用。
例：We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
【同步练习】
1．The two kids practice spoken English by _________ an English club.
2．We'll ______________ the school basketball league(联赛)next week.
3．Please let us know if you are able to ________ the meeting.
joining
take part in
attend
四、辨析as，when与while
as意为“当……的时候”，含有“一边……一边……”之意，强调的是不同的动作同时发生。
when意为“当/在……的时候”，主从句所表示的动作、事件可同时发生，也可先后发生。从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时，从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
while意为“正在……时”，用于指同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生，常把同类的两个动作做对比，while从句中的动词须用延续性动词。从句常用进行时；如果主句和从句中的动作是两个同时进行的动作或事件，那么主句也要用进行时。
例：He watched TV as he shouted.
他一边喊一边看电视。
It was snowing when we got to the airport.
我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。
Some students were reading while others were writing.
有些学生在读书，而有些学生在写字。
When we were having a meeting，Li Ming came in.
我们正在开会时，李明进来了。
【同步练习】
用as，when或while填空。
1．I was about to leave home _______ the telephone rang.
2．My mother was cooking ________ my father was sweeping the floor.
when
while
五、separate，divide辨析
二者都是“分开”的意思，其中separate指把原来在一起或靠近的人或事物分开来，常与from连用；divide指把整体划分为若干部分，常与into。例：
This patient should be separated from the others.这个病人应该隔离。
The Atlantic Ocean separates America from Europe.大西洋将美洲和欧洲分隔开了。
The world is divided into seven continents.世界被分成七大洲。
A year is divided into four seasons.一年分为四季。
【同步练习】
用divide，separate的适当形式填空。
1．Mother __________ the cake into four pieces just now.
2．The river __________ this village from that one.
divided
separates
六、believe，believe in，trust辨析
believe表示相信某人说的话是真的或某事是事实；“believe in”表示信仰某事物，或依赖某人；trust表示“信任”，但语气比“believe in”重，表示对某人深信不疑。例：
I believe what he says.我相信他说的话。
I believe in him.＝I trust him.我信任他。
【同步练习】
用believe，believe in，trust填空。
1．Do you _________ his reports
2．We do not ___________ ghosts.
3．You cannot expect your friends to ________________ you if you don't keep your promise.
believe
believe in
trust/believe in
七、go类短语
go along(the street) 沿着(这条街)走
go away 走开；离开
go by (时间)逝去；过去
go off (闹钟)发出响声
go on(doing) 继续
go out 外出(娱乐)
go out of one's way 特地；格外努力
go to a doctor 看医生
go to the movies/cinema 看电影
【同步练习】
在横线上填入一个适当的词语
1．Don't you want someone to go ________ with you
2．I overslept because my alarm clock didn't go _____．
3．As time goes _____，my memory seems to get worse.
along
off
by
八、辨析spend/pay/cost/take
【词义辨析】 词条 用法
spend sb.spend(s)time/money on sth.某人在某事上花费时间/金钱；sb.spend(s)time/money(in)doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事
pay sb.pay(s)some money for sth.某人为某物而付款；sb.pay(s)for sth.某人为某物付钱、赔偿
cost sth.cost(s)(sb.)some money某物花费(某人)多少钱
take It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事
注意：cost，spend和pay有时可相互转换：
The pen cost me three yuan.
＝I spent three yuan on the pen.
＝I paid three yuan for the pen.
这支钢笔花了我三元钱。
【同步练习】
用spend，pay，cost或take的适当形式填空。
1．It _______ them three years to build this road.
2．The computer _______ me $2，000.
3．I have to _______ them 20 pounds for this room each month.
4．It ________ $1，000 a year to run a car.
5．They _________ two years(in)building this bridge.
6．I _____________ all day looking for you since three years ago.
7．Don't worry！I'll ______ for you.
8．It ______ me an hour to write the letter yesterday.
9．Two hours _________ on the work every week.
took
cost
pay
costs
spent
have spent
pay
took
is spent
一、词汇拓展
1．humor(n.)→_____________(adj.)
2．Asia(n.)→________(adj.&n.)
3．Europe(n.)→_____________(adj.&n.)
4．Africa(n.)→___________(adj.&n.)
5．speak(v.)→__________(n.)演讲
6．hardly(adv.)→__________(近义词)
7．pass(v.)→_______(反义词)
8．examine(v.)→_______________(n.)
9．exact(adj.)→__________(adv.)
10．proud(adj.)→________(n.)
humorous
Asian
European
African
speech
seldom
fail
examination
exactly
pride
课时自测
11．introduce(v.)→________________(n.)
12．beautiful(adj.)→_______(反义词)
13．disadvantage(n.)→____________(反义词)
14．wood(n.)→__________(adj.)
15．harm(n.&v.)→___________(adj.)
16．science(n.)→___________(adj.)
17．care(v.)→_________(adj.)
18．thank(n.&v.)→___________(adj.)
19．graduate(v.)→____________(n.)
20．congratulation(n.)→_______________(v.)
introduction
ugly
advantage
wooden
harmful
scientific
careful
thankful
graduation
congratulate
二、单词拼写
1．Don't throw away the waste paper.We can collect and _________ it.
2．He has a _________ of milk and some pieces of bread for breakfast.
3．The ____________ of the United States will visit China next month.
4．He pushed open the garden's ______ and entered the garden.
5．Playing computer games too often is ___________ to you eyes.
6．Let's pick up the ______ on the ground to make the school clean.
7．Those people who killed elephants for ivory are so ________．
8．Although Beethoven can't hear，he created many famous _________ for the future world to hear.
recycle
bottle
President
gate
harmful
litter
cruel
works
9．According to the ______，you can't get your driving license until you're eighteen.
10．I can't _________ the car because it is too expensive.
11．I will use a new _________ to solve the problem.
12．He ___________ all the difficulties and won the first prize.
13．Miss White is so _________ that she always thinks of others first.
14．We have a big office.But Mr.Zhang's office is much bigger than ________．
15．He was hungry and __________．He couldn't go any further.
16．The _________ encourages his staffs to work online at home.
17．Good morning，ladies and ___________．Welcome to the meeting.
18．I sent Jack a gift to ______________ him on his marriage.
law
afford
method
overcame
caring
ours
thirsty
manager
gentlemen
congratulate
19．Tom graduated and got his _________ successfully from a business school.
20．We are ___________ to those who supported us when we were in trouble.
21．He decided to accept the _______ even if he had to face many challenges.
22．We must work hard to keep ________，or we will fall behind.
23．—_______ we go for a picnic on Saturday or Sunday
—We will go for a picnic on Saturday.
24．You have to ___________ learning from play，because you can't do two things at once.
degree
thankful
task
ahead
Shall
separate
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The concert included ________(work)by Mozart and other musicians.
2．The floor was __________(litter)with paper.What a mess!
3．We are supposed to __________(cycle)paper and bottles.It can help the environment.
4．Smoking is ___________(harm)to our health.
5．Slow speed is a main ________________(advantage)of traditional newspapers.
6．I can learn some ____________(science)knowledge from this great science book.
7．We packed all the books in the ___________(wood)boxes and carried them away.
8．It's reported that three ____________(fisherman)were missing during the rainstorm.
9．______________(instruct)are used to guide people how to use the products.
10．Foreign countries have a different way of life from ________(we)．
works
littered
recycle
harmful
disadvantage
scientific
wooden
fisherman
Instructions
ours
11．Miss Smith is a very kind and __________(care)teacher.We all like her.
12．Molly had fought and ____________(overcome)her fear of flying.
13．Ladies and ____________(gentleman)，attention please！I have something important to tell you.
14．Children in poor mountain villages are __________(thirst)for studying.
15．When I was a child，I dreamed of being a __________(manage)in a big company in the future.
16．Monica，you have passed the exam！________________(congratulate)!
17．The old man was very ___________(thank)because he was offered a seat on the bus.
18．Wang Ying made an English speech at the ____________(graduate)ceremony yesterday.
caring
overcome
gentlemen
thirsty
manager
Congratulations
thankful
graduation
四、完形填空
During his freshman year at Columbia University，Sanford Greenberg stood on campus (校园)with his classmate Arthur Garfunkel.“Sanford，look at the __1__．Can you see the colors？The shapes？” Arthur asked.Sanford was __2__．Other guys talked about girls and sports，but Arthur wanted to talk about grass.
Was there a __3__ guy on campus than Sanford？Here he was，a poor kid from Buffalo，New York on a full scholarship，taking classes from superstars such as physicist Leon Lederman and poet Mark Van Doren.
But in 1960，Sanford's fortune changed.He was playing baseball when uddenly he couldn't __4__ very well.He had to lie down on the grass until his eyesight eturned. At first he didn't believe it was anything __5__．But when Sanford went back to Buffalo，doctors there told him he had a very serious eye disease.They operated on him，but he was still going __6__．He was so sad that he __7__ to meet anyone from college.
But Arthur persuaded(说服)Sanford to go back to Columbia.In September 1961，Sanford returned to campus.But he was __8__ about getting around alone and depended on Arthur to help him.
Then，one afternoon，Sanford and Arthur went to Manhattan.When it was time to go back to their __9__，Arthur said he had a meeting and couldn't go with Sanford.They __10__，and Arthur walked off，leaving Sanford alone.It took Sanford a long time to get back to school.But as he arrived at the university's gate，someone __11__ him.
“Sorry，sir.” Sanford knew the __12__．It was Arthur's.Sanford was angry at first，but then he __13__ what Arthur had done.“It was one of the most brilliant ideas，” Sanford says.“Arthur，of course，had been __14__ me the whole way.”
After __15__，Sanford got his MBA from Columbia and a PhD from Harvard and went on to become a successful inventor and businessman.
( )1. A．clouds B．Tree C．grass D．baseball
( )2.A.excited B．surprised C．disappointed D．worried
( )3.A.luckier B．braver C．smarter D．kinder
( )4.A.smell B．feel C．act D．see
( )5.A.difficult B．serious C．new D．usual
( )6.A.blind B．deaf C．wrong D．crazy
( )7.A.planned B．forgot C．refused D．wished
( )8.A.creative B．hopeful C．serious D．certain
( )9.A.campus B．library C．station D．work
C
B
A
D
B
A
C
C
A
( )10.A.agreed B．smiled C．waited D．argued
( )11.A.shouted at B．knocked into C．looked for D．laughed at
( )12.A.action B．promise C．voice D．sound
( )13.A.excused B．realized C．believed D．wondered
( )14.A.losing B．showing C．correcting D．following
( )15.A.graduation B．practice C．preparation D．chatting
D
B
C
B
D
A
五、语法填空
Du Weisheng is an expert of repairing ancient books at National Library of China.1._________ working here，Du served in the army.He knew nothing about ancient book repairing when he 2._______(leave)the army and joined the library.At the beginning，Du thought his new office job would be 3.__________(simple)and more relaxing than serving in the army.4.___________，things turned out he was wrong.He needed to face great pressure and difficulties.Luckily，the job made him get close to books，especially many ancient books 5._______ are unusual.So he was very satisfied with it.
Before
left
simpler
However
that
Du has been working in the library for more than 40 years.He always says he is 6._____ “doctor” keeping the health of ancient books.In ancient times，books were seen as living things.Each part of the book was named 7.____________(different)—as mouth，brain or foot—according to 8.______(it)use.Du believes his work is meaningful in keeping the books alive.The books are very useful in recording and spreading Chinese culture.
To “doctors” like Du，these broken ancient books are like their 9.__________(patient)．Many kinds of “diseases(疾病)” can appear.Old skills can only put off their death.The good news is that scientists are developing methods 10._________(keep)their value.This brings hope for ancient books.
a
differently
its
patients
to keep中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第23课时 九年级 Unit 13~Unit 14
课时自测
一、词汇拓展
1．humor(n.)→___________(adj.)
2．Asia(n.)→_________(adj.&n.)
3．Europe(n.)→___________(adj.&n.)
4．Africa(n.)→____________(adj.&n.)
5．speak(v.)→_________(n.)演讲
6．hardly(adv.)→__________(近义词)
7．pass(v.)→_________(反义词)
8．examine(v.)→__________(n.)
9．exact(adj.)→_________(adv.)
10．proud(adj.)→___________(n.)
11．introduce(v.)→__________(n.)
12．beautiful(adj.)→_________(反义词)
13．disadvantage(n.)→__________(反义词)
14．wood(n.)→__________(adj.)
15．harm(n.&v.)→_________(adj.)
16．science(n.)→___________(adj.)
17．care(v.)→_________(adj.)
18．thank(n.&v.)→_________(adj.)
19．graduate(v.)→___________(n.)
20．congratulation(n.)→__________(v.)
二、单词拼写
1．Don't throw away the waste paper.We can collect and r_______ it.
2．He has a b_________ of milk and some pieces of bread for breakfast.
3．The P__________ of the United States will visit China next month.
4．He pushed open the garden's g________ and entered the garden.
5．Playing computer games too often is h_______ to you eyes.
6．Let's pick up the l_______ on the ground to make the school clean.
7．Those people who killed elephants for ivory are so c________．
8．Although Beethoven can't hear，he created many famous w_______ for the future world to hear.
9．According to the l________，you can't get your driving license until you're eighteen.
10．I can't a________ the car because it is too expensive.
11．I will use a new m________ to solve the problem.
12．He o_______ all the difficulties and won the first prize.
13．Miss White is so c_________ that she always thinks of others first.
14．We have a big office.But Mr.Zhang's office is much bigger than o______．
15．He was hungry and t_______．He couldn't go any further.
16．The m_______ encourages his staffs to work online at home.
17．Good morning，ladies and g_________．Welcome to the meeting.
18．I sent Jack a gift to c__________ him on his marriage.
19．Tom graduated and got his d________ successfully from a business school.
20．We are t_______ to those who supported us when we were in trouble.
21．He decided to accept the t_______ even if he had to face many challenges.
22．We must work hard to keep a_________，or we will fall behind.
23．—S_______ we go for a picnic on Saturday or Sunday
—We will go for a picnic on Saturday.
24．You have to s_________ learning from play，because you can't do two things at once.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The concert included _________(work)by Mozart and other musicians.
2．The floor was _________(litter)with paper.What a mess!
3．We are supposed to _________(cycle)paper and bottles.It can help the environment.
4．Smoking is _________(harm)to our health.
5．Slow speed is a main _________(advantage)of traditional newspapers.
6．I can learn some _________(science)knowledge from this great science book.
7．We packed all the books in the _________(wood)boxes and carried them away.
8．It's reported that three _________(fisherman)were missing during the rainstorm.
9．__________(instruct)are used to guide people how to use the products.
10．Foreign countries have a different way of life from ________(we)．
11．Miss Smith is a very kind and ________(care)teacher.We all like her.
12．Molly had fought and _______(overcome)her fear of flying.
13．Ladies and _______(gentleman)，attention please！I have something important to tell you.
14．Children in poor mountain villages are ________(thirst)for studying.
15．When I was a child，I dreamed of being a ________(manage)in a big company in the future.
16．Monica，you have passed the exam！________(congratulate)!
17．The old man was very ________(thank)because he was offered a seat on the bus.
18．Wang Ying made an English speech at the _________(graduate)ceremony yesterday.
四、完形填空
During his freshman year at Columbia University，Sanford Greenberg stood on campus(校园)with his classmate Arthur Garfunkel.“Sanford，look at the __1__．Can you see the colors？The shapes？” Arthur asked.Sanford was __2__．Other guys talked about girls and sports，but Arthur wanted to talk about grass.
Was there a __3__ guy on campus than Sanford？Here he was，a poor kid from Buffalo，New York on a full scholarship，taking classes from superstars such as physicist Leon Lederman and poet Mark Van Doren.
But in 1960，Sanford's fortune changed.He was playing baseball when suddenly he couldn't __4__ very well.He had to lie down on the grass until his eyesight returned.At first he didn't believe it was anything __5__．But when Sanford went back to Buffalo，doctors there told him he had a very serious eye disease.They operated on him，but he was still going __6__．He was so sad that he __7__ to meet anyone from college.
But Arthur persuaded(说服)Sanford to go back to Columbia.In September 1961，Sanford returned to campus.But he was __8__ about getting around alone and depended on Arthur to help him.
Then，one afternoon，Sanford and Arthur went to Manhattan.When it was time to go back to their __9__，Arthur said he had a meeting and couldn't go with Sanford.They __10__，and Arthur walked off，leaving Sanford alone.It took Sanford a long time to get back to school.But as he arrived at the university's gate，someone __11__ him.
“Sorry，sir.” Sanford knew the __12__．It was Arthur's.Sanford was angry at first，but then he __13__ what Arthur had done.“It was one of the most brilliant ideas，” Sanford says.“Arthur，of course，had been __14__ me the whole way.”
After __15__，Sanford got his MBA from Columbia and a PhD from Harvard and went on to become a successful inventor and businessman.
( )1.
A．clouds B．tree
C．grass D．baseball
( )2.A.excited B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
( )3.A.luckier B．braver
C．smarter D．kinder
( )4.A.smell B．feel C．act D．see
( )5.A.difficult B．serious
C．new D．usual
( )6.A.blind B．deaf
C．wrong D．crazy
( )7.A.planned B．forgot
C．refused D．wished
( )8.A.creative B．hopeful
C．serious D．certain
( )9.A.campus B．library
C．station D．work
( )10.A.agreed B．smiled
C．waited D．argued
( )11.A.shouted at B．knocked into
C．looked for D．laughed at
( )12.A.action B．promise
C．voice D．sound
( )13.A.excused B．realized
C．believed D．wondered
( )14.A.losing B．showing
C．correcting D．following
( )15.A.graduation B．practice
C．preparation D．chatting
五、语法填空
Du Weisheng is an expert of repairing ancient books at National Library of China.1.________ working here，Du served in the army.He knew nothing about ancient book repairing when he 2.______(leave)the army and joined the library.At the beginning，Du thought his new office job would be 3.________(simple)and more relaxing than serving in the army.4.________，things turned out he was wrong.He needed to face great pressure and difficulties.Luckily，the job made him get close to books，especially many ancient books 5._______ are unusual.So he was very satisfied with it.
Du has been working in the library for more than 40 years.He always says he is 6._______ “doctor” keeping the health of ancient books.In ancient times，books were seen as living things.Each part of the book was named 7._______(different)—as mouth，brain or foot—according to 8.________(it)use.Du believes his work is meaningful in keeping the books alive.The books are very useful in recording and spreading Chinese culture.
To “doctors” like Du，these broken ancient books are like their 9.________(patient)．Many kinds of “diseases(疾病)” can appear.Old skills can only put off their death.The good news is that scientists are developing methods 10._______(keep)their value.This brings hope for ancient books.
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第23课时 九年级 Unit 13~Unit 14
精讲*精练
一、使役动词
使役动词指表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的动词，是一种不完全及物动词，主要有make(使)，let(让)，have(有；让；从事；允许；拿)等。
在主动语态中，使役动词后接受词，即动作的承受者，然后再接不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)，作为受词的补语。
例：Please have him come here.
请叫他到这里来。
I let them go.
我让他们离开了。
在被动语态中，使役动词的受词补语要改为带to的动词不定式。
例：I was made to laugh by him.我被他逗笑了。
【同步练习】
用括号内词语的正确形式填空。
1．They made me __________(repeat)the story.
2．What would you have me _________(do)，Aflred
二、It's＋adj.＋for/of＋sb.to do sth.句型
在这个句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.，“for/of＋sb.”有时可以省略。
这个句型的难点在于for和of的选择上，到底是用for还是用of，其前的形容词是判断的主要因素。
1．在“It's＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋to do sth.”句型中，作表语的形容词大多是表示事物性质的静态形容词，如easy，difficult，important，necessary，impossible，hard等。这类形容词与for后面的名词(代词)关系不大，没有意义上的主表关系。
例：It is necessary for us to practice speaking English everyday.
对我们来说，每天练习说英语是很有必要的。
2．在“It's＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.”句型中，作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词，如brave，careless，careful，clever，kind等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与of后的名词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系。
例：It is selfish of you to do so.
你这样做是很自私的。
注：一般来说，如果能把句子改写为：Sb.is adj.＋to do sth.，则用of；反之则用for。
【同步练习】
1．It's so brave ________ the policeman ________(save)the boy's life.
2．It's too difficult ________ us ________(finish)the work in such a short time.
3．It is careless ________ you _______(make)the same mistake in your paper.
三、辨析attend，join，take part in
attend表示出席、参加会议、典礼、仪式等。它是一个及物动词，用法正式，只表示“出席”或“参加”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。
例：He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
join表示加入党派、团体、组织等，强调成为其中一员。也可表示和某人一起做某事，如join sb.(in doing sth)。
例：When did your brother join the army
你哥哥是什么时候参军的？
We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday.Will you join us
我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你要跟我们一道去吗？
take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，强调参加并在活动中发挥作用。
例：We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
【同步练习】
1．The two kids practice spoken English by ________ an English club.
2．We'll ________ the school basketball league(联赛)next week.
3．Please let us know if you are able to _______ the meeting.
四、辨析as，when与while
as意为“当……的时候”，含有“一边……一边……”之意，强调的是不同的动作同时发生。
when意为“当/在……的时候”，主从句所表示的动作、事件可同时发生，也可先后发生。从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时，从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
while意为“正在……时”，用于指同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生，常把同类的两个动作做对比，while从句中的动词须用延续性动词。从句常用进行时；如果主句和从句中的动作是两个同时进行的动作或事件，那么主句也要用进行时。
例：He watched TV as he shouted.
他一边喊一边看电视。
It was snowing when we got to the airport.
我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。
Some students were reading while others were writing.
有些学生在读书，而有些学生在写字。
When we were having a meeting，Li Ming came in.
我们正在开会时，李明进来了。
【同步练习】
用as，when或while填空。
1．I was about to leave home _______ the telephone rang.
2．My mother was cooking _______ my father was sweeping the floor.
五、separate，divide辨析
二者都是“分开”的意思，其中separate指把原来在一起或靠近的人或事物分开来，常与from连用；divide指把整体划分为若干部分，常与into。例：
This patient should be separated from the others.这个病人应该隔离。
The Atlantic Ocean separates America from Europe.大西洋将美洲和欧洲分隔开了。
The world is divided into seven continents.世界被分成七大洲。
A year is divided into four seasons.一年分为四季。
【同步练习】
用divide，separate的适当形式填空。
1．Mother _______ the cake into four pieces just now.
2．The river ________ this village from that one.
六、believe，believe in，trust辨析
believe表示相信某人说的话是真的或某事是事实；“believe in”表示信仰某事物，或依赖某人；trust表示“信任”，但语气比“believe in”重，表示对某人深信不疑。例：
I believe what he says.我相信他说的话。
I believe in him.＝I trust him.我信任他。
【同步练习】
用believe，believe in，trust填空。
1．Do you _______ his reports
2．We do not _______ ghosts.
3．You cannot expect your friends to _________ you if you don't keep your promise.
七、go类短语
go along(the street) 沿着(这条街)走
go away 走开；离开
go by (时间)逝去；过去
go off (闹钟)发出响声
go on(doing) 继续
go out 外出(娱乐)
go out of one's way 特地；格外努力
go to a doctor 看医生
go to the movies/cinema 看电影
【同步练习】
在横线上填入一个适当的词语
1．Don't you want someone to go _______ with you
2．I overslept because my alarm clock didn't go ______．
3．As time goes ________，my memory seems to get worse.
八、辨析spend/pay/cost/take
【词义辨析】
词条 用法
spend sb.spend(s)time/money on sth.某人在某事上花费时间/金钱；sb.spend(s)time/money(in)doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事
pay sb.pay(s)some money for sth.某人为某物而付款；sb.pay(s)for sth.某人为某物付钱、赔偿
cost sth.cost(s)(sb.)some money某物花费(某人)多少钱
take It takes sb.some time to do sth.
某人花费多长时间做某事
注意：cost，spend和pay有时可相互转换：
The pen cost me three yuan.
＝I spent three yuan on the pen.
＝I paid three yuan for the pen.
这支钢笔花了我三元钱。
【同步练习】
用spend，pay，cost或take的适当形式填空。
1．It ________ them three years to build this road.
2．The computer ________ me $2，000.
3．I have to ________ them 20 pounds for this room each month.
4．It ________ $1，000 a year to run a car.
5．They ______ two years(in)building this bridge.
6．I _________ all day looking for you since three years ago.
7．Don't worry！I'll ________ for you.
8．It _______ me an hour to write the letter yesterday.
9．Two hours ________ on the work every week.
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