2024届高三英语二轮复习：时态讲义
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时态
第一节 一般现在时
—般现在时（基本形式：am/is/are; do/does)常用于以下情况：
1. 现在经常发生的动作或现在的状态、特征
He usually spends summer in the mountains.
England and France are separated by the English Channel.
My uncle doesn’t smoke.
Lori is friendly and considerate.
2. 不受客观限制的客观存在，包括：客观真理、格言、科学事实等
Pride goes before a fall.
London stands on the River Thames.
The earth travels around the sun.
Hydrogen is the lightest element.
3. 时间/条件/让步/比较状语从句中的主将从现
Will you go and help to get in the crops when the harvest time comes
The farewell meeting will be canceled if the meeting room isn’t available tomorrow. Although I am busy, I will attend the meeting in person.
The more you know about the artist, the more you will like his work.
4. 用于表示按计划、时间表要发生的动作，常用于以下情况：
表示往返位移的动词：arrive，come, go, leave, move, return, fly, ride, sail
表示开始结束的动词：begin，start, open, close, end, stop
The train leaves at 2：30 p. m.
The shop opens at 10:00 a. m.
第二节 现在进行时
现在进行时(基本形式:am/is/are doing)常用于以下情况：
现在正在进行的动作
It is still raining outside.
Hurry up! We’ re waiting for you.
2. 近阶段反复进行的事情
I’m feeding the neighbor’s cat this week while she’s in hospital.
Jane is preparing for her driving test these days.
3.与always, constantly, continually等连用表达某种感彩（反感或赞赏）
The postman is always putting your letters into my letter-box.
You are constantly finding fault with me.
Wendy is continually complaining that she is not properly paid.
4.根据安排最近将要出现的情况，常与表示往来、终结、开始的动词：
arrive, leave, go, come, return, begin, close, open 等连用
We are leaving here tomorrow.
I am going to Italy next month.
第三节 现在完成时
现在完成时（基本形式：have/has done)常用于以下情况：
1. 已完成用法：动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响；没有具体的时间状语
I am not hungry. I have just eaten a piece of cake.
I have already finished my homework.
2.未完成用法：动作开始于过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能还会持续下去；常
与 since, recently, so far, up to now, until now, in/during/over the past/last/recently 段
时间连用，且动词必须为延续性动词
Linda has played the piano since she was seven and has won a lot of prizes so far. We haven’t made any progress so far.
3. 有序数词及the only, the last构成的句型中。
It/This is the first/the last/the only +名词 + that +现在完成时
This is the only gold medal that he has won.
This is the first time that I have come here.
4. 形容词最高级构成的句型中
It/This is the best/the worst/ the most... +名词+ that+现在完成时
This is the best firework show that I have ever watched.
This is the worst story that I have heard.
5. It has been / is+ —段时间+since
It has been more than five years since I graduated from high school.
It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much.
第四节现在进行时
现在完成进行时(基本形式:have/has been doing)的主要用法与现在完成时的“未完成用法”相似。如：
I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
Don’t disturb me. I have been writing letters all morning and have written ten so far.
现在完成时和现在完成进行时有时可以互换使用，含义无太大差別，如：
I have worked here for five years.
I have been working here for five years.
但是，现在完成进行时带有持续性、暂时性和未完成性，有时不可与现在完成时互 换。如：
Who’s been eating my cake (蛋糕未被吃完)
Who has eaten my cake (蛋糕已被吃完）
第五节 一般过去时
一般过去时（基本形式：was/were; did）常用于以下情况：
1. 过去经常发生的动作/过去存在的某种状态
He wrote ten letters this morning.
He lived in Paris until he was ten.
This town was once a beauty spot.
2. 句型：It’s (high) time (that) sb. did...(或sb. should do…，should 不可省）
It’s (high) time (that) effective measures were taken to solve traffic problems.
It’s time you had a holiday.
第六节 过去进行时
过去进行时（基本形式：was/were doing）常用于以下情况：
1. 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
He was reading a novel when I came in.
What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m.
2. 过去某一阶段反复进行的事情
For the first three months she was receiving chemotherapy on a weekly basis.
They were building a dam last winter.
3. 与always, constantly, continually等连用表达某种感彩（反感或赞赏）
He was always forgetting things when he worked here.
Alice was constantly changing her clothes.
4. 过去某一时刻根据安排将要出现的情况，常与表示往来、终结、开始的动词：arrive, leave, go, come, return, begin, close, open 等连用
They were leaving for the airport when I called on them yesterday afternoon.
The summer vacation was drawing near, but nobody knew where they were going for the holiday.
第七节 过去完成时
过去完成时（基本形式:had done）常用于以下情况：
1. 过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态
He felt a lot better after he had taken the medicine.
When we got back, the babysitter had gone home.
2. 过去没有实现的愿望（常与plan, wish, hope, expect, mean, intend, want等连用)
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. but you did not.
I had wanted to buy a new car, but I didn’t have enough money.
3. By the end of + 过去时间
By+过去时间 +句子（过去完成时）
By the time+句子（一般过去时）
By the end of last year, we had built five new houses.
By the time he arrived，his aunt had already left.
4. hardly... when... /no sooner... than...句型中 hardly/no sooner...部分用过去完成时
I had hardly entered the room when the phone rang.
I had no sooner entered the room than the phone rang.
第八节 一般将来时
一般将来时（基本形式：will do; am/is/are going to do）常用于以下情况：
1. 将来发生的动作/将来的状态
Why not come over at weekend The children will enjoy seeing you.
Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.
I’ll be 18 years old next year.
2. 除了will do, am/is/are going to do外，以下形式也可表示一般将来时
1) am/is/are to do这一结构主要表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作
The President is to hold an official reception for the visitors.
These pills are not to be taken with any other form of medicine.
2) am/is/are about to do
I am about to leave.
I feel that something wonderful is about to happen.
第九节 过去将来时
过去将来时（基本形式：would do; was/were going to do）常用于以下情况：
1. 在名词性从句中表示从过去的某时间看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态
It was sure that they would succeed.
She asked me what I would do the next morning.
第十节 将来进行时
将来进行时（基本形式:will be doing）常用于以下情况：
1. 将来某一时刻正在做的动作
We will be having the mid-term examination at 2 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
Those workers will be painting the wall this time next Monday.
2. 将来某一阶段正在进行的事情
I will be working on my paper next week.
The Browns will be decorating their new house next few days.
第十一节 将来完成时
将来完成时(基本形式:will have done)常用于以下情况：
1. 将来某个时刻前，某种动作已经完成
By the end of next week, they will have reached the destination.
By the time he arrives, we will already have left California. ,
第一节 一般现在时
—般现在时（基本形式：am/is/are; do/does)常用于以下情况：
1. 现在经常发生的动作或现在的状态、特征
He usually spends summer in the mountains.
England and France are separated by the English Channel.
My uncle doesn’t smoke.
Lori is friendly and considerate.
2. 不受客观限制的客观存在，包括：客观真理、格言、科学事实等
Pride goes before a fall.
London stands on the River Thames.
The earth travels around the sun.
Hydrogen is the lightest element.
3. 时间/条件/让步/比较状语从句中的主将从现
Will you go and help to get in the crops when the harvest time comes
The farewell meeting will be canceled if the meeting room isn’t available tomorrow. Although I am busy, I will attend the meeting in person.
The more you know about the artist, the more you will like his work.
4. 用于表示按计划、时间表要发生的动作，常用于以下情况：
表示往返位移的动词：arrive，come, go, leave, move, return, fly, ride, sail
表示开始结束的动词：begin，start, open, close, end, stop
The train leaves at 2：30 p. m.
The shop opens at 10:00 a. m.
第二节 现在进行时
现在进行时(基本形式:am/is/are doing)常用于以下情况：
现在正在进行的动作
It is still raining outside.
Hurry up! We’ re waiting for you.
2. 近阶段反复进行的事情
I’m feeding the neighbor’s cat this week while she’s in hospital.
Jane is preparing for her driving test these days.
3.与always, constantly, continually等连用表达某种感彩（反感或赞赏）
The postman is always putting your letters into my letter-box.
You are constantly finding fault with me.
Wendy is continually complaining that she is not properly paid.
4.根据安排最近将要出现的情况，常与表示往来、终结、开始的动词：
arrive, leave, go, come, return, begin, close, open 等连用
We are leaving here tomorrow.
I am going to Italy next month.
第三节 现在完成时
现在完成时（基本形式：have/has done)常用于以下情况：
1. 已完成用法：动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响；没有具体的时间状语
I am not hungry. I have just eaten a piece of cake.
I have already finished my homework.
2.未完成用法：动作开始于过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能还会持续下去；常
与 since, recently, so far, up to now, until now, in/during/over the past/last/recently 段
时间连用，且动词必须为延续性动词
Linda has played the piano since she was seven and has won a lot of prizes so far. We haven’t made any progress so far.
3. 有序数词及the only, the last构成的句型中。
It/This is the first/the last/the only +名词 + that +现在完成时
This is the only gold medal that he has won.
This is the first time that I have come here.
4. 形容词最高级构成的句型中
It/This is the best/the worst/ the most... +名词+ that+现在完成时
This is the best firework show that I have ever watched.
This is the worst story that I have heard.
5. It has been / is+ —段时间+since
It has been more than five years since I graduated from high school.
It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much.
第四节现在进行时
现在完成进行时(基本形式:have/has been doing)的主要用法与现在完成时的“未完成用法”相似。如：
I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
Don’t disturb me. I have been writing letters all morning and have written ten so far.
现在完成时和现在完成进行时有时可以互换使用，含义无太大差別，如：
I have worked here for five years.
I have been working here for five years.
但是，现在完成进行时带有持续性、暂时性和未完成性，有时不可与现在完成时互 换。如：
Who’s been eating my cake (蛋糕未被吃完)
Who has eaten my cake (蛋糕已被吃完）
第五节 一般过去时
一般过去时（基本形式：was/were; did）常用于以下情况：
1. 过去经常发生的动作/过去存在的某种状态
He wrote ten letters this morning.
He lived in Paris until he was ten.
This town was once a beauty spot.
2. 句型：It’s (high) time (that) sb. did...(或sb. should do…，should 不可省）
It’s (high) time (that) effective measures were taken to solve traffic problems.
It’s time you had a holiday.
第六节 过去进行时
过去进行时（基本形式：was/were doing）常用于以下情况：
1. 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
He was reading a novel when I came in.
What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m.
2. 过去某一阶段反复进行的事情
For the first three months she was receiving chemotherapy on a weekly basis.
They were building a dam last winter.
3. 与always, constantly, continually等连用表达某种感彩（反感或赞赏）
He was always forgetting things when he worked here.
Alice was constantly changing her clothes.
4. 过去某一时刻根据安排将要出现的情况，常与表示往来、终结、开始的动词：arrive, leave, go, come, return, begin, close, open 等连用
They were leaving for the airport when I called on them yesterday afternoon.
The summer vacation was drawing near, but nobody knew where they were going for the holiday.
第七节 过去完成时
过去完成时（基本形式:had done）常用于以下情况：
1. 过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态
He felt a lot better after he had taken the medicine.
When we got back, the babysitter had gone home.
2. 过去没有实现的愿望（常与plan, wish, hope, expect, mean, intend, want等连用)
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. but you did not.
I had wanted to buy a new car, but I didn’t have enough money.
3. By the end of + 过去时间
By+过去时间 +句子（过去完成时）
By the time+句子（一般过去时）
By the end of last year, we had built five new houses.
By the time he arrived，his aunt had already left.
4. hardly... when... /no sooner... than...句型中 hardly/no sooner...部分用过去完成时
I had hardly entered the room when the phone rang.
I had no sooner entered the room than the phone rang.
第八节 一般将来时
一般将来时（基本形式：will do; am/is/are going to do）常用于以下情况：
1. 将来发生的动作/将来的状态
Why not come over at weekend The children will enjoy seeing you.
Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.
I’ll be 18 years old next year.
2. 除了will do, am/is/are going to do外，以下形式也可表示一般将来时
1) am/is/are to do这一结构主要表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作
The President is to hold an official reception for the visitors.
These pills are not to be taken with any other form of medicine.
2) am/is/are about to do
I am about to leave.
I feel that something wonderful is about to happen.
第九节 过去将来时
过去将来时（基本形式：would do; was/were going to do）常用于以下情况：
1. 在名词性从句中表示从过去的某时间看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态
It was sure that they would succeed.
She asked me what I would do the next morning.
第十节 将来进行时
将来进行时（基本形式:will be doing）常用于以下情况：
1. 将来某一时刻正在做的动作
We will be having the mid-term examination at 2 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
Those workers will be painting the wall this time next Monday.
2. 将来某一阶段正在进行的事情
I will be working on my paper next week.
The Browns will be decorating their new house next few days.
第十一节 将来完成时
将来完成时(基本形式:will have done)常用于以下情况：
1. 将来某个时刻前，某种动作已经完成
By the end of next week, they will have reached the destination.
By the time he arrives, we will already have left California. ,