2023-2024学年高中英语社团第五讲：清明 （Qing Ming Festival）讲义
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023-2024学年高中英语社团第五讲：清明 （Qing Ming Festival）讲义 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 23.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-25 22:34:19 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
英语社团第五讲-----英文介绍清明节
清明节的表达方式有很多
常见的有Tomb-Sweeping Day或者Qing Ming Festival
Tomb-Sweeping Day直译为“扫墓节”或“扫墓日”，这一用法着重强调了清明节的重要习俗“扫墓”，可以让老外一听便知这一节日背后重要含义。
Qing Ming Festival，这个词中festival有两层含义
①宗教的祭祀活动；②又跳又唱的庆祝活动。这种翻译更具有中国本土味道。
另外，清明也是我国二十四节气之一，当它作为节气的表达我们可以翻译为Clear and Bright，清洁和明亮。这种翻译着重强调的是清明时节的气候状况，一目了然。
Qingming Festival,or the Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the Chinese Twenty-four Solar Terms. It is on April 4th or 5th of the Gregorian calendar. It is the crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring. From that date, the temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases. 清明节是中国二十四节气之一。它是在公历4月4日或5日。这是春耕播种的关键时刻。从那一天起，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。
清明节来源The Origin of Qingming Festival
It is said that the Qingming Festival was originally held to commemorate Jie Zitui, a loyal man who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. Jie cut a piece of meat from his own leg in order to save his hungry lord who was forced to flee from his own country.
据说，清明节最初是为了纪念春秋时期的一个忠臣介子推。介子推从自己腿上割下一块肉，救了被迫逃离自己国家的饥饿的晋国公子重耳。
Later, when the lord regained his position, he forgot about Jie Zitui’s sacrifice. However, after being reminded, he felt ashamed and decided to reward the loyal man, but Jie had hidden in a mountain with his mother. In order to find Jie, the lord ordered that the mountain be set on fire. 后来，重耳重振旗鼓后成为晋文公，然而登上王位他忘记了介子推的牺牲。然而，在被提醒后，他感到羞愧，并决定奖励这位忠臣，但介子推和他的母亲躲在山中。为了找到介子推，晋文公下令放火烧山。
Unfortunately, Jie was found dead with his mother. In order to commemorate the day of his death, the lord declared the date to be Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival — the day that only cold food can be eaten.
不幸的是，介子推被发现和他的母亲一起死了。为了纪念他的死期，晋文公宣布这一天为寒食节——这一天只能吃冷的食物。
A year later, when the lord went to the mountain to commemorate Jie’s death, he found the burned willows had revived, so he gave instructions that the day after Hanshi Festival was to be Qingming Festival. Eventually, the two festivals were combined into one.
一年后，晋文公到山上去悼念介子推，发现那些被烧毁的柳树又复活了，于是他下令将寒食节的第二天定为清明节。最终，这两个节日合二为一。
清明节习俗
The Customs of Qingming Festival
Tomb Sweeping 扫墓
Cleaning the tombs and paying respect to the dead with offerings are the two important practices to remember late relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil is added to show care for the dead. The dead person's favorite food, wine and chopsticks are offered on their tombs, along with paper money.
扫墓和献上供品对逝者表示敬意，是两种纪念逝去亲友的重要习俗。为表示对逝者的关怀，墓边的杂草被清除并盖上新鲜的土壤。逝者最喜欢的食物、酒和筷子连同纸钱一起被供奉在墓边。
Spring Outing踏青
Not only is it a day for commemorating the dead, but it is also a time for people to enjoy themselves.
这一天不仅是纪念死者的日子，也是人们享受生活的日子。
As trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines brightly, everything returns to life. It is a fine time to appreciate the beauty of nature. This custom can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 – 476BC) and Warring States Period (475 – 221BC).
树木变绿，花儿绽放，阳光明媚，万物复苏。这是欣赏大自然之美的好时机。这个习俗可以追溯到春秋时期(公元前770 - 476年)和战国时期(公元前475 - 221年)。
Flying Kites 放风筝
Flying kites is also closely associated with the Qingming Festival.
放风筝也是和清明节密切联系的一项活动。
Spring outings not only add joy to life but also promote a healthy mind and body.
清明节外出踏青等活动不仅给生活增添了欢乐，也促进了身心的健康。
清明食俗
Green rice ball 青团
People in the Jiangnan region often eat this kind of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice. 江南地区的人们经常在清明节食用这种由糯米制成的绿色团子。由于糯米中混合雀麦草汁，所以团子呈绿色。
San zi 馓子
In both Northern and Southern China, it is a tradition to eat san zi, or fried dough twist, on Tomb Sweeping Day. The differences between san zi made by Northern and Southern people lie in sizes and materials. The former one is larger, often made from wheat and the latter is finer and made from rice. 在中国，无论是北方还是南方，都有清明食用馓子（通过油炸面粉制成）的传统。差别在于北方馓子以麦面为主料，体积较大；而南方馓子则以米面为主料，更为精细。
Thin pancake 薄饼
People in Xiamen in Fujian province often have thin pancakes on Tomb Sweeping Day. Dried seaweed, omelette, veggies and chili sauce are added in the pancakes to enhance the flavor. 福建厦门的人在清明节时常常食用薄煎饼。薄饼中加入紫菜、煎蛋、蔬菜和辣椒酱，会更加美味。
Cudweed herb rolls 清明果
The best time to pick fresh cudweed herb is around Tomb Sweeping Day. The herb is often added in veggie rolls or dumplings and consumed on the day. In South China, people add the wild plant also in steamed buns. 清明节前后，是采摘新鲜鼠曲草（清明草）的最佳时机。当天，人们会在蔬菜卷或饺子里加入鼠曲草当作馅料。在华南地区，人们还将这种野菜加在馒头里面。
写作练习
假如你叫李华，请向你的英国朋友 Tom 介绍中国的传统节日——清明节(the Tomb-sweeping Day)。
写作要点如下：1.清明节的历史和时间；2.清明节的意义；3.清明节的活动。
注意：1.100 词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：commemoration纪念 grave坟墓 offering祭品
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
参考范文
Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to know you take great interest in Chinese traditional festivals. The Tomb-sweeping Day is around the corner. I would like to tell you something about it.
The Tomb-sweeping Day usually falls around April 4~6 every year. With a history of more than 2500 year, it is not onlya seasonal point to guide farm work, but also a festival of commemoration. On the day, people clean graves，set out offerings of food and flowers and burn paper money to offer sacrifice and honor the dead. People also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. Planting trees, flying kites and going on family outings are usually included.
I hope you can experience it in person one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
语法练习
练习1：
In modern society, many traditional Chinese festivals are becoming less and less popular. However, they are important part of Chinese culture, and it’s our 56 (responsible) to protect and maintain them. This article focuses on a festival that many people are not familiar with ----Hanshi Festival.
With a history of more than 2,600 years, Hanshi Festival is the only traditional one in China named 57 food, and it is also known as the Cold Food Festival as people are only allowed to eat cold food on this day. Hanshi normally 58 (fall) around April 3 in the solar calendar, one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival.
In most parts of China, fires might start easily in the dry early spring due to the flammable substances 59 (store) by people and the spring thunder. As a result, the ancients usually held grand ceremonies of sacrifice in 60 the fire stored from the previous year would be put out. Later, they would drill wood to get new fire for a new year. The gap between putting out old fire and 61 (burn) the wood to obtain new fire ranged from three, five, or seven days according to different 62 (history) records.
During the gap days, fires 63 (prohibit) in households. As a result, people would eat what they had prepared previously, namely the cold food, or hanshi in Chinese. That’s 64 the Hanshi Festival gradually came into being.
As the Hanshi Festival is one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival, they gradually got combined with one another. After the Song Dynasty, cold food did not remain a necessity on this day, and gradually, Qingming Festival took over the folk activities of Hanshi 65 (become) a major festival on this subject.
【参考答案】
56. responsibility 57. after 58. falls 59. stored
60. which 61. burning 62. historical/historic
63. were prohibited 64. how 65. to become
练习2：
Qingming Festival —— it is also called tomb-sweeping day. It ___7___ (fall) on April 4th or 5th. That is a special day for the living ___8___ (show) love and respect to their dead friends or relatives. More importantly, it is a period to honour and pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. The Qingming Festival is a major ___9___ (tradition) Chinese festival. The major custom in Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. Not only is it a day in memory of the dead, it is also a festival for people to enjoy ___10___ (they ) such as taking a spring outing, flying kites.
【参考答案】
7. falls 8. to show 9. traditional 10. themselves
清明节的表达方式有很多
常见的有Tomb-Sweeping Day或者Qing Ming Festival
Tomb-Sweeping Day直译为“扫墓节”或“扫墓日”，这一用法着重强调了清明节的重要习俗“扫墓”，可以让老外一听便知这一节日背后重要含义。
Qing Ming Festival，这个词中festival有两层含义
①宗教的祭祀活动；②又跳又唱的庆祝活动。这种翻译更具有中国本土味道。
另外，清明也是我国二十四节气之一，当它作为节气的表达我们可以翻译为Clear and Bright，清洁和明亮。这种翻译着重强调的是清明时节的气候状况，一目了然。
Qingming Festival,or the Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the Chinese Twenty-four Solar Terms. It is on April 4th or 5th of the Gregorian calendar. It is the crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring. From that date, the temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases. 清明节是中国二十四节气之一。它是在公历4月4日或5日。这是春耕播种的关键时刻。从那一天起，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。
清明节来源The Origin of Qingming Festival
It is said that the Qingming Festival was originally held to commemorate Jie Zitui, a loyal man who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. Jie cut a piece of meat from his own leg in order to save his hungry lord who was forced to flee from his own country.
据说，清明节最初是为了纪念春秋时期的一个忠臣介子推。介子推从自己腿上割下一块肉，救了被迫逃离自己国家的饥饿的晋国公子重耳。
Later, when the lord regained his position, he forgot about Jie Zitui’s sacrifice. However, after being reminded, he felt ashamed and decided to reward the loyal man, but Jie had hidden in a mountain with his mother. In order to find Jie, the lord ordered that the mountain be set on fire. 后来，重耳重振旗鼓后成为晋文公，然而登上王位他忘记了介子推的牺牲。然而，在被提醒后，他感到羞愧，并决定奖励这位忠臣，但介子推和他的母亲躲在山中。为了找到介子推，晋文公下令放火烧山。
Unfortunately, Jie was found dead with his mother. In order to commemorate the day of his death, the lord declared the date to be Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival — the day that only cold food can be eaten.
不幸的是，介子推被发现和他的母亲一起死了。为了纪念他的死期，晋文公宣布这一天为寒食节——这一天只能吃冷的食物。
A year later, when the lord went to the mountain to commemorate Jie’s death, he found the burned willows had revived, so he gave instructions that the day after Hanshi Festival was to be Qingming Festival. Eventually, the two festivals were combined into one.
一年后，晋文公到山上去悼念介子推，发现那些被烧毁的柳树又复活了，于是他下令将寒食节的第二天定为清明节。最终，这两个节日合二为一。
清明节习俗
The Customs of Qingming Festival
Tomb Sweeping 扫墓
Cleaning the tombs and paying respect to the dead with offerings are the two important practices to remember late relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil is added to show care for the dead. The dead person's favorite food, wine and chopsticks are offered on their tombs, along with paper money.
扫墓和献上供品对逝者表示敬意，是两种纪念逝去亲友的重要习俗。为表示对逝者的关怀，墓边的杂草被清除并盖上新鲜的土壤。逝者最喜欢的食物、酒和筷子连同纸钱一起被供奉在墓边。
Spring Outing踏青
Not only is it a day for commemorating the dead, but it is also a time for people to enjoy themselves.
这一天不仅是纪念死者的日子，也是人们享受生活的日子。
As trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines brightly, everything returns to life. It is a fine time to appreciate the beauty of nature. This custom can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 – 476BC) and Warring States Period (475 – 221BC).
树木变绿，花儿绽放，阳光明媚，万物复苏。这是欣赏大自然之美的好时机。这个习俗可以追溯到春秋时期(公元前770 - 476年)和战国时期(公元前475 - 221年)。
Flying Kites 放风筝
Flying kites is also closely associated with the Qingming Festival.
放风筝也是和清明节密切联系的一项活动。
Spring outings not only add joy to life but also promote a healthy mind and body.
清明节外出踏青等活动不仅给生活增添了欢乐，也促进了身心的健康。
清明食俗
Green rice ball 青团
People in the Jiangnan region often eat this kind of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice. 江南地区的人们经常在清明节食用这种由糯米制成的绿色团子。由于糯米中混合雀麦草汁，所以团子呈绿色。
San zi 馓子
In both Northern and Southern China, it is a tradition to eat san zi, or fried dough twist, on Tomb Sweeping Day. The differences between san zi made by Northern and Southern people lie in sizes and materials. The former one is larger, often made from wheat and the latter is finer and made from rice. 在中国，无论是北方还是南方，都有清明食用馓子（通过油炸面粉制成）的传统。差别在于北方馓子以麦面为主料，体积较大；而南方馓子则以米面为主料，更为精细。
Thin pancake 薄饼
People in Xiamen in Fujian province often have thin pancakes on Tomb Sweeping Day. Dried seaweed, omelette, veggies and chili sauce are added in the pancakes to enhance the flavor. 福建厦门的人在清明节时常常食用薄煎饼。薄饼中加入紫菜、煎蛋、蔬菜和辣椒酱，会更加美味。
Cudweed herb rolls 清明果
The best time to pick fresh cudweed herb is around Tomb Sweeping Day. The herb is often added in veggie rolls or dumplings and consumed on the day. In South China, people add the wild plant also in steamed buns. 清明节前后，是采摘新鲜鼠曲草（清明草）的最佳时机。当天，人们会在蔬菜卷或饺子里加入鼠曲草当作馅料。在华南地区，人们还将这种野菜加在馒头里面。
写作练习
假如你叫李华，请向你的英国朋友 Tom 介绍中国的传统节日——清明节(the Tomb-sweeping Day)。
写作要点如下：1.清明节的历史和时间；2.清明节的意义；3.清明节的活动。
注意：1.100 词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：commemoration纪念 grave坟墓 offering祭品
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
参考范文
Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to know you take great interest in Chinese traditional festivals. The Tomb-sweeping Day is around the corner. I would like to tell you something about it.
The Tomb-sweeping Day usually falls around April 4~6 every year. With a history of more than 2500 year, it is not onlya seasonal point to guide farm work, but also a festival of commemoration. On the day, people clean graves，set out offerings of food and flowers and burn paper money to offer sacrifice and honor the dead. People also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. Planting trees, flying kites and going on family outings are usually included.
I hope you can experience it in person one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
语法练习
练习1：
In modern society, many traditional Chinese festivals are becoming less and less popular. However, they are important part of Chinese culture, and it’s our 56 (responsible) to protect and maintain them. This article focuses on a festival that many people are not familiar with ----Hanshi Festival.
With a history of more than 2,600 years, Hanshi Festival is the only traditional one in China named 57 food, and it is also known as the Cold Food Festival as people are only allowed to eat cold food on this day. Hanshi normally 58 (fall) around April 3 in the solar calendar, one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival.
In most parts of China, fires might start easily in the dry early spring due to the flammable substances 59 (store) by people and the spring thunder. As a result, the ancients usually held grand ceremonies of sacrifice in 60 the fire stored from the previous year would be put out. Later, they would drill wood to get new fire for a new year. The gap between putting out old fire and 61 (burn) the wood to obtain new fire ranged from three, five, or seven days according to different 62 (history) records.
During the gap days, fires 63 (prohibit) in households. As a result, people would eat what they had prepared previously, namely the cold food, or hanshi in Chinese. That’s 64 the Hanshi Festival gradually came into being.
As the Hanshi Festival is one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival, they gradually got combined with one another. After the Song Dynasty, cold food did not remain a necessity on this day, and gradually, Qingming Festival took over the folk activities of Hanshi 65 (become) a major festival on this subject.
【参考答案】
56. responsibility 57. after 58. falls 59. stored
60. which 61. burning 62. historical/historic
63. were prohibited 64. how 65. to become
练习2：
Qingming Festival —— it is also called tomb-sweeping day. It ___7___ (fall) on April 4th or 5th. That is a special day for the living ___8___ (show) love and respect to their dead friends or relatives. More importantly, it is a period to honour and pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. The Qingming Festival is a major ___9___ (tradition) Chinese festival. The major custom in Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. Not only is it a day in memory of the dead, it is also a festival for people to enjoy ___10___ (they ) such as taking a spring outing, flying kites.
【参考答案】
7. falls 8. to show 9. traditional 10. themselves