2024届高考英语阅读理解题型破解之细节理解题课件(共23张PPT)

(共23张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
　题型破解之
细节理解题
目录
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考情分析
解题策略
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Contents
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高频考点·研析透
考情分析
3年考情分析
年份 卷别 文体 题型
A篇 B篇 C篇 D篇 细节理解 推理判断 主旨大意 词句猜测
2023 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1
新高考II卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1
全国甲卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 9 5 0 1
全国乙卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1
新高考II卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 4 1 2
全国甲卷 应用文 说明文 说明文 夹叙夹议文 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 应用文 书评 说明文 说明文 8 5 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 5 1 1
全国甲卷 应用文 说明文 记叙文 议论文 5 8 1 1
全国乙卷 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1
由以上统计可看出，全国卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以应用文、说明文为主，
记叙文、议论文为辅；题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词句猜测题、
主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，
有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。
核心
素养
语言能力
文化意识
思维品质
基础性
创新性
应用性
综合性
学习能力
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直接细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。题目一般就文中的某一具体事实细节设题，设问方式多为以5W1H(what, who, when, where, why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句，在原文中可直接找到答案。
考点1　直接细节题
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(2023·全国乙卷A)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine． James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine．She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man．
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Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However, Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician． Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves．
23．Who was the first African American with a medical degree？ .
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania．
B．Tan Yunxian．
C．James Barry．
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler．
找出关键词
定位段落
技法点拨
运用跳读、略读技巧快速在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，迅速定位原文，找出相关的句子；
分析对比选项与文中细节，得出正确答案。
第一步
第二步
第三步
根据题干内容提取关键信息定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子；
(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。
(2)同根词或原词复现。
(3)语言简化或对原文概括归纳。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，或者用一句话概括归纳原文的某一部分，并设置为答案。
(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
正确选项特征
考点2　间接细节题
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考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句式结构)改头换面，或者把文中信息整合归纳，来表达相同的意思。
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(2023·全国乙卷C)
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables．But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists．
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It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits．It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way．There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges．It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking．
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According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food．Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before．One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking．The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling．Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before．With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking．
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What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables．But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists．
28．What do people usually think of British food？_____
A．It is simple and plain．
B．It is rich in nutrition．
C．It lacks authentic tastes．
D．It deserves a high reputation．
simple and plain
找出关键词
定位段落
技法点拨
在做间接细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，以及表达方式，最后确定选项。
第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式(同义词、近义词、释义等)，或者对原文的概括归纳，锁定原文相关信息；
第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。
第一步
第二步
第三步
第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词；
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考点3　数字计算题
既然是阅读理解题，数字计算题并不是真正考查考生的数学计算能力，主要仍是考查考生对文中涉及一些数字的某部分和题干的理解能力，数学计算方面是很基础的，简单的。
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(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷A)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike．You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights．You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam．
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Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam．With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you．We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes．
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Prices
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Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more．The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day．You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online．
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Prices
22．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ .
A． 15.75．　　　　　 B． 19.50．
C． 22.75． D． 29.50．
找出关键词
定位段落
解题策略
阅读步骤
文章—问题—文章；
问题—文章—问题
速读全文，抓主旨
文章第一段；其他段的段首和段位句
细审题干，定位原文
信息词定位原则，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位
仔细对比选项和原文信息
通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，把选项定位到原文的某处，比较重叠选项，选出答案
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重点关注
对比处
举例处
因果处
结论处
转折处
But,however,yet,still,in fact,as a matter of fact,on the contrary
Unlike，by contrast，
compared with,in comparison
Like,such as,for example,for instance,take…as an example
Because，for，since，as，so，thus，therefore，consequently，cause，due to，thanks to，as a result，lead to
The research/study indicates, in short, in brief, in conclusion,the report suggests
观点处
Doubt， appreciate, hate, be against/for, in favor of
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Thank You Very Much for Watching