2024年中考英语总复习课件（宁夏专用）题型专题二 阅读理解(共81张PPT)

(共81张PPT)
题型专题二　阅读理解
近几年宁夏中考阅读理解一般考查5篇，A篇通常考查非连续性文本，B—E篇常考连续性文本。文体为记叙文、说明文、应用文及新闻报道等。话题涉及教育引导、传统文化、故事类(教育故事，人物故事，哲理故事等)、人/事物介绍类和做法建议类。考查方式以细节理解题为主，穿插设置推理判断题(包括文章出处)、词义/句意猜测题、标题归纳题、代词指代题及主旨/段落大意题。
(一)(2022·宁夏E篇)
While we were growing up，our parents often said things like，“Look at that boy，he swims so well! He is such a talent(人才)．” Such words made us
believe that if we were not born a talent，we would never do things well.So
we were afraid to try new things，and were afraid of making mistakes or failing.But in fact，failures(失败) and mistakes are as important as success.
Sarah is lucky.③She has a great father.As a child，her father asked her the same question every weekend.“What did you fail at this week，Sarah？”He did not care too much about her grades.①He cared more about what she had tried
but failed at.When she told him about her failures and mistakes，he would give her a high five(举手击掌)．
Do you realize what her father was doing？④He was trying to make her
believe that failures and mistakes are just fine.And they were a huge part of
our growth and success. ②Most importantly， her father was telling her that
she would still be loved and trusted even if she failed. Encouraged by the
weekend communications，Sarah has grown into a successful businesswoman.
In her journey，she has tried many new jobs and had many difficulties，butshe never lost heart.Because she knew herfailures and mistakes would be embraced(接受) on the weekend.
So go ahead and ask yourself and your children，“What did we fail at this week？”
( )1.What did Sarah's father care more about when she was a child
A．Sarah's grades.
B．Sarah's hobbies.
C．What Sarah had tried but failed at.
D．Whether Sarah was clever or not.
C
( )2.If Sarah failed，her father would ________.
A．dislike her　　　　　　B．still love and trust her
C．stay away from her D．argue with her
B
( )3.From the passage we can infer(推断) that Sarah's father is a(n)________ man.
A．wise B．polite
C．interesting D．strict
A
( )4.What is the main idea of the passage
A．How to be a good father.
B．How Sarah grew into a successful businesswoman.
C．Failures and mistakes help us get good grades.
D．Failures and mistakes are a huge part of our growth and success.
D
【语篇类型】记叙文
【主题】人与自我——做人与做事(自信乐观，悦纳自我，有同理心)
【语言考查能力】“读”的语言技能。
【育人价值】
教育学生失败和成功一样重要，失败使我们不断成长。
【学业质量标准】
1．学生能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物；
2．能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
3．围绕语篇内容记录重点信息，整体理解和简要概括主要内容。
【解题技巧】
【技巧1】细节理解(第1，2题)
读懂题干，根据其中的关键信息，运用略读、扫读、跳读的方法，在文章中寻找相关语句。
【技巧2】推理判断(第3，6题)
(1)细节推断——根据题干中的关键信息，确定原文中要依据的范围，再按题意进行推理判断；
(2)文章出处推断——根据文章的内容或格式直接判断，如：介绍新产品的多为广告；叙述最新发生的事件的多为新闻；还有来源于网站、报纸、杂志上的文化、旅游、健康、科技等栏目；
(3)作者观点或写作意图推断——重点理解首尾段，提炼出作者的观点或写作的目的。
(4)针对文章人物性格推断。
【技巧3】主旨/段落大意(第4题)
(1)寻找主题句，认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句，有时还隐含在文中；
(2)无明显主题句时找高频信息词，即文中反复出现的紧扣主题的中心词，或根据文中的细节分析、概括出文章或段落的主题。【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sarah的父亲在她遭遇失败时给予疏解与鼓励，最后使Sarah成为一个充满自信的人的故事。告诉我们失败和成功一样重要，失败使我们不断成长，是取得成功的过程中非常重要的一部分。
1．C　【解析】 细节理解题。根据“He cared more about what she had tried but failed at.”可知父亲更关心Sarah曾经尝试但失败的事情。故选C。
2．B　【解析】 细节理解题。根据“Most importantly，her father was telling her that she would still be loved and trusted even if she failed.”可知她的父亲当时一直在告诉她，即使她失败了，她仍然会被爱和信任。故选B。
3．A　【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知Sarah的父亲总是主动询问Sarah遭遇的失败，并且给予疏解与鼓励，最后使Sarah成为充满自信的人。可推知，Sarah父亲是位聪明的人。故选A。
4．D　【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文通过父亲在Sarah遭遇挫折和失败时，总是能给予疏解与鼓励，最后使Sarah成为一个充满自信的人的故事。告诉我们失败和成功一样重要，失败使我们不断成长，是取得成功的过程中非常重要的一部分。故选D。
(二)(2022·宁夏C篇节选)
Hi Li Ming，I just start my life at a new school…
He Wei
Hi He Wei，
…
⑤Why don't you take up volleyball？I suggest a team sport because you'll surely meet lots of people.And it is a good thing for you at a new school.
Also，unlike tennis and running，it is not so difficult to learn volleyball.You can also have fun even if you don't play itvery well.…
Li Ming
( )5.What does the underlined word“it”refer to (指)
A．Tennis. B．Running.
C．Volleyball. D．Basketball.
C
【语篇类型】应用文
【主题】人与社会——文学、艺术与体育(日常体育活动，重大体育赛事，体育精神)
【语言考查能力】“读”的语言技能。
【育人价值】
旨在弘扬体育精神。
【学业质量标准】
1．找出文章的主题；
2．读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物；
3．能根据上下文推断代词所指代的内容。
【解题技巧】
【技巧4】代词指代(第5题)
找到代词所在句，先在代词前面的内容中搜索原词，再根据单复数一致和人称一致的语法原则排除选项，最后将所选的答案代入句中，进行验证。【主旨大意】本文是两篇书信。主要讲述了何伟向李明写信寻求关于选择一项体育运动的建议，以及李明回信给出自己的想法与建议。
5．C　【解析】代 词 指 代 题。根 据“Why don't you take up volleyball？”
“And it is a good thing for you at a new school.”可知，it指代的是volleyball。故选C。
(三)(2021·宁夏E篇节选)
⑥⑦There are some famous buildings that everyone can recognize(识别)．When you see a picture of a sports stadium that reminds you of a bird's
nest(鸟巢)，you probably know it is the Olympic stadium in Beijing.When you see a picture of a famous concert hall that reminds you of a sailing ship，you
probably know it is the Sydney Opera House in Australia.Buildings like these
are easily recognized worldwide.They were designed to look like other things if people use their imaginations.
…
One of the newest funny shaped museums is a pottery(陶器) museum in Korea.This museum，built in 2011，is shaped just like a real pot.Along with
seeing examples of pots and tools used for making pots in the museum，visitors can try to make their own pots there.
( )6.Where do you think the passage is from
A．A music magazine.
B．A sports magazine.
C．An art magazine.
D．A medical magazine.
C
( )7.What is the best title of this passage
A．Famous museums.
B．Interesting buildings.
C．Famous things from long ago.
D．Things used to make buildings.
B
【语篇类型】说明文
【主题】人与社会——历史、社会与文化(中外名胜古迹的相关知识)
【语言考查能力】“读”的语言技能。
【育人价值】
能够通过此类文章掌握更多的历史与文化。
【学业质量标准】
1．找出文章中的主题；
2．读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物；
3．能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。
【解题技巧】
【技巧5】标题归纳(第7题)
(1)注意文中的核心及高频词汇；
(2)根据文章的主题句提炼出标题。
【技巧6】词义/句意猜测(2021宁夏第33题及35题)
(1)根据上下文语境猜测词义/句意；
(2)根据定义或释义猜测词义。如果该词或短语后有定语或同位语，或使用冒号、破折号、引号及“mean，that is to say，be known as，refer to”等对该词进行解释或定义，那么就从这些内容中猜测出词义；
(3)根据举例猜测词义/句意。注意“for example, such as, like”等词后面的内容；
(4)根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义；
(5)根据生活常识猜测词义/句意；
(6)根据构词法猜测词义。
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了世界各地的特色建筑物：中国的鸟巢和悉尼歌剧院。还有一些特别奇特的博物馆：吉他博物馆和茶壶形状的博物馆等。
6．C　【解析】推理判断题。根据“There are some famous buildings that everyone can recognize.”有一些著名的建筑，每个人都能认出来。以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界各地的特色建筑物，属于艺术范畴，应该来源于艺术杂志。故选C。
7．B　【解析】标题归纳题。根据“There are some famous buildings that everyone can recognize.”有一些著名的建筑，每个人都能认出来。以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界各地的特色建筑物。B选项“有趣的建筑”符合主题。故选B。
增补【解题技巧】
【技巧7】句子排序 (2023宁夏E篇第28题)
根据事件发生的时间顺序或句子之间的逻辑关系找到正确的顺序。
【技巧8】图片理解 (2023宁夏B篇第17题)
图片理解是将文中某一信息转换成图片形式展现出来，四个选项是四幅图片。考生可快速阅读题干，找出题干中的关键词；再快速浏览文章并确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源)，并将四幅图片所呈现的内容与文章中的细节内容做对比，选出符合文章细节内容的图片。
【技巧9】数字计算 (2023宁夏C篇第19题)
首先理解文中相关部分的内容，再根据 提供的信息进行具体的计算，得出正确的答案。
【技巧10】还原句子
注意空前后的关键句和过渡词，然后注意选项内容是否与前后句内容一致。最后将所选的答案代入文中，进行验证。
【技巧11】文章结构(2023宁夏C篇第22题)
常见的文章结构为总分式，即先总述，再分述。一般来说，从三个方面关注文章的句子或段落：
(1)段落的主题句；
(2)和段落密切相关的细节句；
(3)段落或句子之间的过渡句或段落。
A(2023·宁夏)
人与自我——做人与做事(职业精神)
A Star Woman—Wang Zhenyi
　　Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768, was a great woman scientist in Qing Dynasty(朝代)．At that time，girls couldn't get good education, but her father encouraged her to read books and educate herself.She became interested in astronomy(天文学), math, geography, medicine and poems.In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems.After years of hard work, she achieved a lot.
Her achievements
●Found out when the eclipses(日蚀；月蚀) of the sun and the moon would happen
●Learned a lot about how the sun, the moon and the earth move in space
●Made some new rules in math
●Wrote many books and poems
A
　Sadly, Wang Zhenyi died when she was only 29 years old.Even though her life was short, her thoughts and discoveries live on.In 2000, a planet was named after her.Her spirit and hard work continue to inspire(激励) people today.
( )1.When was Wang Zhenyi born
A．In 1768.　　　　B．In 1786.
C．In 1797. D．In 2000.
A
( )2.According to the passage, what did Wang Zhenyi decide to give much attention to
A．Math, geography and medicine.
B．Astronomy, math and poems.
C．Astronomy, medicine and poems.
D．Astronomy, medicine and geography.
B
( )3.What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi
A．It is easy to become successful.
B．Nothing is impossible if we work hard.
C．Women are always wiser than men.
D．It's impossible for a woman to be a scientist in ancient times.
B
( )4.In which part of a magazine can you probably read the passage
A．Health. B．Business.
C．Sports. D．People.
D
B(2023·宁夏)
人与自我——做人与做事
(劳动实践，劳动品质与工匠精神)
In a school garden in Ningxia, the roles of students are not the same as before.Here, students do the teaching.
“This is our vegetable area，”a student from Grade 8 tells a visitor，“we have grown many kinds of vegetables.”
“Look! These are tomatoes，”another student adds，“and those are carrots …”
The two students have been working in the garden since 2021.They are part of their school's gardening program.Actually(事实上), most schools in Ningxia
have their own gardens， where students harvest (收获) their special
“schoolwork”．
In the gardens, students work in teams with the help of their teachers.They
finish all the important steps by themselves.For example, team members study what to grow.Then they discuss and plan their gardens.They plant seeds(种子)，pull grass and water their plants.Some students also grow oranges and apples
by themselves.In autumn, they harvest their“schoolwork”—all kinds of fruits
and vegetables!
School gardens provide ideas for classes, too.For example, students study the plants they grow in science classes.Math becomes a tool for planning the garden.Studies have shown that schools' gardening programs help students do better in school.
Schools' gardening programs offer learning experiences as well as fun.Young gardeners can practice skills that are useful for all their lives.They've had fun
working together as a team and learned how to work together.
( )5.Who do the teaching in the school garden
A．Visitors.　　　　　B．Teachers.
C．Students. D．Farmers.
C
( )6.Students do the following work in the school gardens EXCEPT______.
A．studying what to grow
B．discussing and planning the gardens
C．pulling grass and watering plants
D．asking their parents to grow oranges and apples
D
( )7.Which of the following subjects can help students plan the garden
C
( )8.From schools' gardening programs, students can ______.
①learn how to work together
②practice skills that are useful
③work alone without any help
④get learning experiences and fun
A．①③④ B．①②④
C．①②③ D．②③④
B
C(2023·宁夏)
人与自然——环境保护(环保意识和行为)
①　　Whether you're turning on lights, watching TV or cooking dinner，your home needs a lot of energy.There are lots of good reasons to save energy.First, you will be helping to save money for your family.Second, it can help to protect the environment by using less electricity.Finding ways to save energy can be fun.Why not try the following ways and become your family's energy superhero
②　　Turn it off
If a light stays on in your house every night, it can cost around￥44 a year with a modern LED bulb(灯泡)．If your home has older kinds of bulbs, it can cost as much as￥220.Try to check your home for lights that are on but not needed.
③　　Hunt_for “energy eaters”
Some devices(设备), such as the fridge, need to remain on.However, computers, washing machines and the TV still eat energy even if they are on standby(待机)．How many electronic devices like this can you find in your home
④　　Jump around
If you sit still for a while, you may start to feel cool.To warm up, instead of turning on the heating(暖气), try doing some jumps.Your body will quickly get warm.How many jumps does it take for you to get warm
( )9.How many pieces of advice does the passage give to save energy at
home
A．Two.　B．Three.　C．Four.　D．Five.
B
( )10.What does the underlined phrase “Hunt for” mean in Chinese in
Paragraph 3
A．购买 B．捐赠 C．寻找 D．安装
C
( )11.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Finding ways to save energy can be fun.
B．You'd better use older kinds of bulbs at home.
C．Computers don't eat any energy if they are on standby.
D．You must turn on the heating when you start to feel cool.
A
( )12.Which of the following best shows the structure(结构) of the passage
A
D(2022·宁夏)
人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通(社区生活)
Guang Hua Community Activities
The Dragon Boat Festival is coming along with Children's Day.Our community is going to hold some parent child activities to celebrate the two e and make zongzi with
your child! Each child will get a gift if they tell a story about the Dragon Boat Festival.
Families with children under 14 are welcome.
Welcome to take part in our community activities!
Time: 9：00 a．m.to 11：00 a．m, Saturday, May 29
Place: the community service center
Price for a family：￥28
For questions or more information, call us at 415 3778.
( )13.The purpose of the community activities is to ______.
A．eat zongzi
B．get a gift
C．celebrate Children's Day
D．celebrate the two festivals
D
( )14.How can a child get a gift
A．By making zongzi.
B．By telling a story.
C．By playing games.
D．By singing a song.
B
( )15.How long will the acivities last(持续)
A．Half an hour.　 B．One hour.
C．Two hours. D．Three hours.
C
( )16.If you want to know more information, you can______.
A．make a call B．go online
C．write a letter D．send an e mail
A
E(2022·宁夏)
人与社会——科学与技术(科学技术改变生活)
Science and technolgoy help people a lot.Check out how fast China is developing.
Driverless (无人驾驶) helpers
You can see different kinds of driverless cars at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.For example, when you feel tired, you can have a rest in a driverless minibus. When you feel hungry， you can buy food from a “driverless car store”．Another kind of driverless car can even send things to you just like a postman.They help to make the Games a bigger success.
Space classes
On March 23, 2022, three Chinese astronauts gave their second lecture(课程) from Tiangong space station.They did several experiments(实验)．They also
showed some tools to study science.The three astronauts gave their first lecture
last December. Millions of students watched them and learned many fantastic
science facts.
3D photos
This May, a middle school in Beijing used 3D printing technology to print graduation photos(毕业照) for Grade 9 students.Students can touch the “faces” of their classmates.This technology can also help blind students“see”their classmates.
( )17.How many kinds of driverless cars does the writer mention(提及)
A．One.　　　 B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
C
( )18.When was the second space lecture given by the three Chinese astronauts
A．Last December.
B．This May.
C．This February.
D．On March 23, 2022.
D
( )19.Which is true according to the passage
A．The driverless cars can not send things like a postman.
B．China's science and technology are developing very fast.
C．All students watched the lectures from Tiangong space station.
D．Blind students can't “see” their classmates with the help of 3D printing photos.
B
( )20.Where is the passage probably from
A．A newspaper.
B．A storybook.
C．A grammar book.
D．A medical magazine.
A