【名师导航】2024年备考中考冲刺英语语法总复习-介词 专题讲解+课堂练习+2023真题演练（含答案）【通用版】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第13讲 介词和介词短语
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 2023年中考情态动词考情分析
三 网络构建 知识点头脑风暴
四 介词和介词短语考向 1.介词的用法2.表示时间、地点、方位、交通方式、方式、方法等介词的辨析3.介词短语辨析4.提升必考题型归纳
五 真题感悟 介词和介词短语经典考题
【复习目标】
1.掌握介词的用法
2.掌握表示时间、地点、方位、交通方式、方式、方法等介词的辨析
3.掌握常用介词短语辨析
【考情分析】
介词注意事项：
1.一个介词往往有多个 含义，需要结合例句 逐一搞清楚。
2.介词的固定搭配比较 多，需要特别识记和 积累。
3.常用介词几十个，最 好系统学习，这样效 率比较高。
4.介词的很多用法和中 文的不同，使用的频 率也很高，需要刻意 去学习。
【网络构建】
考向一 介词的用法
介词是一种虚词，用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。
介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中 作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。如：
The man came down the stairs. (状) // My mother will be back in half an hour. (状)
The boy over there is my friend. (定) // The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定)
The teacher is now with the pupils. (表) // Li Ting is from Guilin. (表) // Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
考向二 介词的用法辨析
一：时间介词
表示＂时间＂的介词如下：
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后
We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。
注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。
this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周
on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on）
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚
We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻
The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
Do they work in the day time or at night 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？
before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）
before在……之前
Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。
after在……之后
Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！
Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）……
How many English books had you read by the end of last year 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？
She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。
by the end of在……底（之前）
by then 到那时
by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止（时间）
We didn't begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式）
I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。
during 在……期间
through 一直……（从开始到结束）
He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
【注意】for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。
from, since
from从……起（时间）
表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
比较：within和in。within强调＂在……时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。
一、表示持续时间的介词
介词 用法 示例
in 年，月，季节，世纪，早中晚 in summer in the evening
on 具体某一天,节日，星期，早中晚前有限定词 on Sundayon a cold morning
at 具体某时刻，在正午，午夜，黎明 at night
since 接过去某时间点，常用于完成时。 I've earned my own living since last year.
for 接一段时间，常用于完成时。 I haven’t played the piano for many years.
after 表“……以后”，常与过去时或过去完成时连用。 After I told her the news, she stared at me in astonishment.
in in+一段时间，通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。 We'll give you our decision in a few days.
during 表示“……期间”，强调动作持续整个时间段。 The prices of fruit generally run up during the winter months.
二：表示场所、方向的介词
（1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
（2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所）
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
in the house在房子里
His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面，有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上
on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方，是under的反义词
There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
under在……下面；在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的，不远的
near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
Is there a bus stop near here 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？
by在……旁边，距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
among在三者或更多的之中
There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
around环绕，在……周围，在……四周
We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
⑤ in front of，behind，opposite
in front of早……的前面；在……的前部
There is a tree in front of the house.
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向
The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动
The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。
across横过
I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿，通过
The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
二、表示方位的介词
介词 用法 示范
in 表示在境内。 Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
on 表示相邻或在边界上，不在境内。 North Korea is on the east of China.
to 表示在境外，不接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China.
off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方。 New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
⑧ to, from, for
单词 含义 例句
to 到达……地点（目的地）或方向 He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。
from 从……地点起 leaver for动身去…… start for出发去…… I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。
for 表示目的地，＂向……＂ for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。 It’ s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。
三： 其他介词（介词除了可以表示＂时间＂、＂场所＂以外，有些也可以表示＂手段＂＂材料＂等。）
（1）表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by
①with和……在一起
Will you please go with me 你和我一起去好吗？
with具有、带有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。
with用某种工具或办法
Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。
with one’ s help在某人的帮助下
With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。
②in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等），或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。
she wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。
Don’ t write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写，用钢笔（水）写。
Can you speak in English 你能用英语说吗？
③by通过……方法、手段
＂by+交通工具＂的词组：
by bicycle骑自行车 by train坐火车
by plane/by air坐飞机 by taxi坐出租车
by car坐小汽车 by ship坐船 by bus坐公共汽车
（2）of, from
①of（属于）……的；表示……的数量或种类
This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。
②from来自（某地、某人）；以……起始（时间或地点）
We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。
（3）without, like, as
①without没有，是with的反义词。
Man can’ t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。
Please give me a cup of coffee with（without）milk.请给我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。
②like像……一样
Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。
③as作为
He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
（4）against, about
①against反对；靠着
The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。
②about 关于；各处；身旁
Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。
about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议
What about your sister 你姐姐情况如何？
三、表示地点的介词
介词 用法 示例
at 表示在较小的地方（车站、家） I shall wait for you at the station.
in 表示在较大的地方（国家、城市） Of all the gin joints，in all the towns，in all the world，he walks into mine. ------Casablanca
on 表示在某物上（表面接触） He is sitting beside her on the sofa.
over 表示“在…的上方或覆于……的上面”，under的相反词。 The helicopter is staying over our heads.
under 表示“在…的下面/下方”，通常表示位置处于正下方。 His smelly socks are under the bed.
四、表示运动方向或目的的介词
介词 用法
across 表示穿过一平面。
through 表示穿过一空间。
along 表示沿着一条线平行。
up 表示向上，由南到北，由东到西，由沿海到内陆，由小地方到大地方，由农村到城市；反之则用down。
to 表示动作的目的地；towards指朝向，无到达的意思。
for 表示去向，常与leave, start off, set out, head, sail等动词连用。
练习3：
5.Early _______ the morning of May 1, we started off _______ the mountain village.
五、in the end/at the end of/by the end of的区别
词组 用法 示例
in the end 意为“最后、终于”,相当于finally, at last，在句子中一般单独使用。 In the end, it doesn't even matter.
at the end of+名词短语 意思是“在……末端/尽头”。 Our teacher ran over the main points at the end of each class.
by the end of+表示时间的名词 意为“到…为止，到…最后”，如果of后面接过去时间，那谓语必须用过去完成时态。 ( http: / / dict. / example / by%20the%20end%20of%20last / " \o "点击发音 ) By the end of last month, we had produced twice as many cars as we did last year.
六、on/about的区别
介词 用法 示例
about 两者都有“关于”的意思，有时可互相替换使用，about侧重叙事。 stories about Michael Jordan 迈克尔·乔丹的故事
on on侧重论述，说明书、文章或报告等是严肃的或学术的，更强调“指导、入门”层面的意义。 a book on the radio无线电入门(如果将on换成about，则是指一本关于无线电的科普故事书。)
练习：
6.He gave some advice ________ how to learn English.
他就如何学好英语给我提了一些建议。
七、表示“除……之外”的介词
介词/词组 用法
besides 表示包含，除…之外还有…
but 表示排除，多与不定代词如nobody, none 等连用。
except 表示排除，除…之外，主要用来谈论同类事物，不用于句首。
except for 表示“只是，只不过”，主要用来谈论不同类事物。
八．其他介词
介词/词组 用法
against 反对，对抗，违背
between 在...之间 两者
among 在三者或三者以上之间
of ...的
for 为了 对于
as 作为
like 像
with 和，随着
without 没有
考向三 常用的介词短语
四：介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件
22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共
29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后，终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—World Book Day is ________ April 23rd every year.
—I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities.
A．in B．at C．on
2．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）We arrived in the beautiful city ________ a snowy morning in winter.
A．at B．in C．on
3．（2023·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）—The Dragon Boat falls ________ the fourth Thursday of June.
—We are planning a trip ________ Changshou Lake to watch the boat races.
A．on; on B．in; of C．at; to D．on; to
4．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）I hear that the opening will be ________ the morning of January 10th ________ 10:00.
A．in; at B．on; at C．on; in D．in; for
5．（2023·重庆江北·校考三模）The 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou ________ September, 2023.
A．at B．on C．in D．for
6．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考三模）—I can’t see the cat because it’s _________ the box.
—Oh, the cat is so clever!
A．behind B．on C．in front of
7．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）— Where is Heilongjiang Province
— It’s ________ the northeast of China and ________ the north of Jilin Province.
A．in; to B．to; on C．in; on
8．（2023·新疆喀什·统考三模）A subway train runs ________ the ground.
A．in B．on C．above D．under
9．（2023·辽宁大连·统考一模）The 2018 World Cup started ________ Moscow ________ 14th June.
A．on, in B．in, on C．in, in D．at, on
10．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中学校考三模）—Michael, could you tell me how we can pass the final examination
—________ practicing again and again.
A．For B．By C．With
11．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）I improved my spoken English ________ watching English movies and listening to English songs.
A．in B．to C．for D．by
12．（2023·四川乐山·统考二模）—Would you like ________ sugar
—No, thanks. Just a cup of coffee ________ nothing in it.
A．some；with B．any；without C．to；have
13．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Everyone was on time for the meeting ________ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A．but B．even C．only D．besides
14．（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）We all went to the Universal Beijing Resort ________ Jim. He had a bad cold.
A．besides B．against C．except D．with
15．（2023·甘肃定西·校考三模）Tom is a good boy, ________ his bad temper.
A．beside B．besides C．except D．except for
16．（2023·云南昭通·统考二模）—All of the students went to the party ________ Tom.
—Yes. He had to look after his young sister at home.
A．with B．for C．over D．except
17．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）________ history, Peter also likes science. He thinks both of the subjects are interesting.
A．Except B．For C．Along with D．With
18．（2022·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）—This problem is far ________ my ability. I’m afraid I can’t work it out.
—Don’t worry. We will help you.
A．beyond B．beside C．behind D．more
19．（2022·安徽安庆·统考一模）— It’s ________ your promise to be absent from Julie’s party.
—Yes. But I have to prepare for my report next week.
A．for B．against C．with D．from
20．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—To our excitement, Shenzhou-12 manned（载人的）spaceship was sent up successfully ________ June 17, 2021.
—That’s really exciting news. We are proud of our country.
A．in B．on C．at
二、语法填空
（2023·福建龙岩·统考三模）
阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Along the River During the Qingming Festival(清明上河图) is a painting 31 the Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan (1085—1145). The painting is 25.5 centimeters in 32 (high) and 5.25 meters long. The countryside and the crowded city are the two main parts in the picture, with the river 33 (run) through the entire length. The right part is the rural area of the city. There are crop fields and rural folk. A country path broadens into a road and 34 (join) with the city road. The left half is the urban(城市的) area, 35 eventually leads into the city center. Many economic (经济的) activities can be seen in this area.
Zhang Zeduan’s painting is celebrated as 36 most famous work of art from the Song Dynasty. However, there are copies of the famous painting. An early copy, generally 37 (consider) to be most similar to the original, was made by Zhao Mengfu during the Yuan Dynasty. Another known remake(重置物) 38 (paint) during the Ming Dynasty. This copy has a length of 6.7 meters, 39 (long) than the original. Another version by five Qing Dynasty court painters was presented to the Qianlong Emperor on January 15.1737. This version was 40 (late) moved, along with many other handicrafts, to Taipei Palace Museum in 1949.
真题演练
一、单项选择
1．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）The cat in Picture ________ is on the box.
A． B． C． D．
2．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The earthquake in Turkey(土耳其) happened ______ February 6, 2023.
A．on B．in C．at
3．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Do whatever you can for the community, ________ looking after the old or teaching kids art.
A．with B．under C．like D．over
4．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）—Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China
—It falls ________ April 24 every year.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
5．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed ________ disabled people to play music with eyes.
A．in B．as C．for D．over
6．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）Deng Qingming, an astronaut of Shenzhou 15, achieved his dream ________ many years’ hard work.
A．without B．in C．through
7．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）— Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning
— If you work hard enough, you will succeed ________ achieving your goal.
A．on B．about C．in D．for
8．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）— The Double Trank of Chengdu-Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December, 2022.
— Yes, it’s very convenient now. It takes us about three hours ________ Chengdu to Xichang on a high-speed train.
A．between B．from C．in
9．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. ________, we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
A．To our surprise B．In the end C．For example
参考答案
选择题
31．by 32．height 33．running 34．joins 35．which 36．the 37．considered 38．was painted 39．longer 40．later
真题演练
1-5 BACCC 6-9 CCBC
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
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