2024天津中考英语二轮重难题型研究复习 文化类专题特训 (含答案)

2024天津中考英语二轮重难题型研究复习 文化类专题特训
编者按：2019年11月20日教育部发布的《教育部关于加强初中学业水平考试命题工作的意见》中提出考试命题“弘扬中华优秀传统文化、革命传统、社会主义先进文化”；并于2023年1月8日教育部印发关于在课程教材、教育教学等育人环节认真贯彻落实《革命传统进中小学课程教材指南》、《中华优秀传统文化进中小学课程教材指南》的通知。因此整理分析并预测2022年天津中考可能考查的知识点，特别策划“文化类专题特训”。希望对考生备考有帮助。
类别1　中华优秀传统文化
一、 阅读理解
As a middle school student, I have lots of hobbies. And my favourite one is learning Chinese poems through watching Chinese Poetry Conference(《中国诗词大会》) produced by CCTV 1. In this program, Peng Min, the winner of the fifth season, impressed(留下深刻印象) me most.
The competitors are different in ages, from children to adults. Peng Min, who graduated from Peking University with a master's degree in literature(文学), is most likely to be the winner. But, surprisingly, he lost two finals in the second season; he lost to a 16 year old high school student, Wu Yishu; and in the third season he was beaten by the deliveryman(快递员) Lei Haiwei. But he wouldn't give up. So when the fifth season came around, he decided to have another try. This time, his performance(表现) was super amazing, especially in the part called “Feihualing”， and the victory was finally his.
Besides Peng Min, several other competitors also won my respect, for example, Wu Yishu, the widely read high school girl, and Wu You, the first blind competitor yet optimistic(乐观的) and hard working in face of difficulties. I admire(羡慕) them not only for their knowledge of poems but also for their courage and strong will to achieve their dreams. Just like what the host said to congratulate Peng Min, “Where there is a will, there is a way”. With long term preparation and persistence(坚持), success is possible.
“I want to tell people who have a similar experience like that, even though you go through all kinds of difficulties, as long as you are brave enough to look up, there will always be a light in the sky to guide you out of the darkness，” Peng said in his speech.
1. The writer's favourite hobby is ________．　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　
A. reading novels
B. painting　
C. learning Chinese poems
D. listening to music
2. Peng Min took part in ________ seasons of Chinese Poetry Conference.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Peng Min gave up after he failed twice.
B. Peng Min is good at Feihualing.
C. Only adults can take part in the competition.
D. Wu You is sad because she is blind.
4. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To encourage us to avoid difficulties.
B. To make people interested in Chinese poetry.
C. To tell us to give up our dreams in time.
D. To tell us that going to a famous university is the most important.
5. You would find the passage in ________．
A. a novel B. a play
C. a guidebook D. a magazine
类别2　革命传统
二、 任务型阅读
Zhang Guimei, 64, founder and president of the Huaping High School for Girls in Lijiang, Southwest China's Yunnan Province. Zhang travelled to Yunnan at the age of 17. And she has been helping girls from poor areas receive education for over 40 years.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student's house, Zhang Guimei, a rural(乡下) teacher, noticed a girl sitting on the hillside(山坡). The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married for lack(缺少) of money, who still wanted to go to school. Zhang tried her best to ask her parents not to do that, but she failed.
Zhang first realised that a free high school for girls needed to be built. It would aim to help women escape from getting married early and spending their whole life in the rural mountains.
Coming across many difficulties and suffering from less money, in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, was founded, where Zhang is the head teacher.
Over the ten years, more than 1，800 graduates went to university. And it is regarded as a “miracle”(奇迹) in the rural area as most students didn't perform well in study before the school was set up.
Zhang's husband died in the 1990s. She didn't have children or a house. Over these years, she suffered from many kinds of diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis(类风湿性关节炎) and osteoporosis(骨质疏松症)．
During the last 12 years, she won many prizes. But she gave away all her money to support education and help poor people.
On Tuesday morning in July, 2023, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC, presented the July 1 Medal to the excellent persons, including Zhang Guimei.
1. Zhang Guimei has been ________________ for over 40 years.
2. The 13 year old girl was about to ________________ for lack of money.
3. Zhang first realised that ________________ for girls needed to be built.
4. Over the ten years, more than 1，800 graduates ________________ .
5. Zhang won many prizes, but she ________________ to support education and help poor people.
类别3　社会主义先进文化
三、 完形填空
Since the start of reform and opening up(改革开放), Shenzhen has grown from a small fishing village to a modern city. Its GDP(国内生产总值) __1__ from less than 200 million yuan in 1980 to 2.4 trillion (万亿) yuan in 2018.
Shenzhen is a __2__ city with a population of 1.2 million. It's known __3__ its strong innovation(创新) abilities. It's home to more than 14，000 __4__ high tech companies, such as Hua Wei and Tencent.
Professor Wang said that Shenzhen had many good __5__. It has got much valuable __6__ for China's reform and opening up. And during the __7__ construction(建设), it has made a great success.
Thanks to the Party, it __8__ an important role in the reform and opening up. Great changes have __9__ in China in recent years. We hope __10__ all the Chinese people will live a happier and richer life in the near future.
1. A. remained B. influenced
C. included D. increased
2. A. eastern B. western C. southern D. northern
3. A. up B. for C. at D. on　
4. A. traditional B. natural
C. national D. interesting
5. A. examples B. ways C. exercises D. reasons
6. A. experience B. challenge
C. education D. promise
7. A. wide B. high C. special D. modern
8. A. gets B. takes C. makes D. plays
9. A. grown B. lost
C. happened D. disappeared　
10. A. that B. where C. if D. when　
四、 阅读理解
China has named its first Mars rover(火星车) “Zhu Rong”on April 24th, pared with another name—Hongyi, which means an open mind, Zhu Rong is more preferred. It received nearly 20 percent more of the 3 million votes(选票) than Hongyi in an online survey.
Zhu Rong is the god of fire and war in Chinese legend(传说). As a powerful character, it had the face of a man, body of a wild animal, and often rode on two dragons. Seen as the earliest god of fire in traditional Chinese culture, it is a symbol of using fire to light up the earth and bring light. This name joins modern science and traditional culture together, showing the Chinese nation's spirit of exploration(探索) and confidence in its culture and encouraging people to keep exploring the universe.
After leaving Earth last summer, Zhu Rong is still going around Mars. It landed on the red planet on May 22nd. It became the sixth such machine after five American rovers which have already landed. The rover is 1.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms with six scientific instruments, which will allow it to get information, such as the planet's ground, the geological(地质的) structure, climate and environment.
Zhu Rong is a part of the Tianwen 1, China's first independent Mars task. Tianwen is a work by Qu Yuan, a famous poet from the Chu Kingdom who lived during the Warring States Period. Naming the task after the poem is to show China's determination to explore deep space and also to develop a love of science in the nation's young people.
Since October 1960, Tianwen 1 has become the world's 46th Mars exploration task. Only 19 of those tasks have been successful. The goals of Tianwen 1 are going around the planet to make comprehensive observations(全面观察), landing on the planet and placing a rover to do tests. If it can achieve all three goals, it will be another success in space for our country.
1. Zhu Rong is the god of ________ in Chinese legend.
A. fire and war B. men and women
C. wild animals D. dragons
2. Why was the first Mars rover named “Zhu Rong”？
A. It lights up the earth and brings light.
B. It means an open mind.
C. It shows our spirit of exploration and confidence in culture.
D. It is a powerful character that rode on two dragons.
3. What kind of information will be gotten by the rover
A. The planet's ground.
B. The geological structure.
C. Climate and environment.
D. All of above.
4. What does “determination” refer to in Paragraph 4
A. Discovering the facts about something.
B. Trying to do something even when it is difficult.
C. Expecting to do something.
D. Imagining achieving something.
5. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Success of Tianwen 1
B. The Tasks of Tianwen 1
C. The Goals of China's First Mars Rover
D. The Introduction of China's First Mars Rover
五、综合填空
Passage 1
热点信息——建党百年的光辉历程
As members of the Communist Youth League(共青团), we should follow the Party's lead. What is “the Party”？
The Party is the Communist Party of China (CPC，中国共产党). The CPC was f__1__ in 1921, which was a difficult time in China's history. The first Party members wanted to save the c__2__ and offer Chinese people a better life.
The CPC led China to realise the goals of national independence(独立) and people's liberation(解放) during the revolutionary(革命) times before 1949. It has l__3__the Chinese nation to stand up and become better, while leading the people to achieve many “Chinese miracles(奇迹)”．
Now the CPC is the biggest Party in the world with over 91 million m__4__. Members of the CPC must wholeheartedly(全心全意) serve the people and be r__5__ to make any personal sacrifice(牺牲). They are from all walks of life. They may be your parents, uncles and a__6__， grandparents or teachers.
But when danger comes, they stand out and f__7__ for the people. You can get to know them t__8__ their actions. In the war against COVID 19, CPC members fight on the front lines. They p__9__ the interests of the country and people above their own. They take on great duty j__10__ as the older generations did.
Passage 2
Every year, 12，000 to 14，000 earthquakes happen around the world, killing tens of thousands of lives. So when it comes to monitoring(监测) e__1__， every second counts. Recently, a new AI system d__2__ by China has shortened the time it takes to detect(探测) earthquakes.
After an earthquake happens, most researchers can quickly publish(公布) the time, p__3__， magnitude(震级) and depth of the earthquake. H__4__， they often don't include the focal mechanism parameters(震源机制参数), which can be used to predict the possible distribution(分布) of strong aftershocks(余震)．
“It t__5__ three to ten minutes for other countries to publish earthquake focal mechanism parameters. But by this time, the earthquake has fully happened and the h__6__ has been done，” Zhu Huiyu said. “This n__7__ system can provide the focal mechanism parameters within just one second. And it can publish the information before the aftershocks r__8__ some areas.”
“If we are a__9__ to receive the warning information three seconds before an earthquake happens, we'll be able to reduce the wounded by 14%. W__10__ ten seconds earlier, the wounded can be reduced by 39%，” Zhu said.
This improvement is possible thanks to a deep learning method. The system is trained with millions of earthquake samples(样本). It's now being tested in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces.
参考答案
一、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过介绍《中国诗词大会》第五季选手彭敏等人物，告诉我们不仅要热爱中国传统诗词，更要学习选手们勇于面对困难、追寻梦想的精神。
1. C　2. B　3. B　4. B　5. D　
二、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了云南女子学校校长张桂梅的事迹以及她在建党100周年之际在人民大会堂被习近平总书记授予“七一勋章”。
1. helping girls from poor areas receive education　2. get married　3. a free high school　4. went to university　5. gave away all her money　
三、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了改革开放之后，深圳发生了巨大的变化，已经从一个小渔村变成了一座现代化的城市。深圳取得的成功，积累的宝贵经验，都归功于我们党的领导和国家的政策，党也必然会带领我们过上更富足的生活。
1. D　2. C　3. B　4. C　5. A　6. A　7. D　8. D
9. C　10. A　
四、【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国首个火星探测器“祝融”号、“天问一号”命名的由来以及运行任务。如果所有目标都能实现，那将是我国在太空的又一次成功。
1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B　5. D　
五、Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是中国共产党，中国共产党建立的背景以及中国共产党的使命和宗旨。
1. founded　2. country　3. led　4. members　5. ready
6. aunts　7. fight　8. through　9. put　10. just　
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的人工智能系统在一秒内可以测算出震源机制参数，这一技术在世界上处于领先地位。
1. earthquakes　2. developed　3. places　4. However
5. takes　6.harm　7. new　8. reach　9. able 10. Warning