高一下学期句容高级中学期末考试英语试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
National Parks, Wyoming
A bike tour is a great way to access busy national parks. This six-day trip is a big loop out of Jackson 5s Rustic Inn Creekside Resort and Spa, with stops along the way to check out hot springs, moose (驼鹿) and the grizzly bear. Available June to September 2022; $3,095,
Death Valley, California
This three-day trip starts with a meet and greet in Las Vegas before exploring a ghost town, on foot. Then the biking starts through the desert, heading to a hotel in time to catch a Death Valley sunset. The next day ifs a nearly 50-mile ride to the edge of a crater (火山口). Available October 2021 through December 2022;$1,649,
Finger Lakes, New York
This 121-mile bike tour snakes its way around Canandaigua lakes and rolling hills over five days. It starts with a wine tasting, then lunch and a ride through farmland. With only about 30 miles a day of riding, there’s plenty of time to try local wines and have a spa. Available June to July 2022;$5,499, trek
Florida Keys
Unless you book a custom trip, tours that include teens and kids can be difficult to find. Keep younger travelers engaged by mixing bike rides with other activities, like kayaking (独木舟), snorkeling, hiking and stand-up paddle boarding. This five-day trip heads south from Miami, through the Everglades National Park, and out to Key West. Along the way kids can learn to fish like the locals while parents can relax in excellent accommodations. Available December 2021 and December 2022;from $3,999,
1. Which tour is the most suitable for families
A. National Parks, Wyoming B. Death Valley, California
C. Finger Lakes, New York D. Florida Keys
2. What can you enjoy on the trip to Death Valley
A. Learning to fish. B. Seeing wild animals.
C. Appreciating the sunset. D. Trying local wines.
3. Which of the following do the four tours share
A. Seeing the world from a bike seat. B. Having a taste of farm life.
C. Exploring local food on a bike trip. D. Getting the most out of national parks.
B
Our lives are measured by the passing years and shaped by major milestones such as graduating from school, getting jobs, getting married and having children. Sometimes, however, it’s the little things that we find play an important role. Often we don’t even notice them until they change or we suddenly don’t have them anymore.
My wife and I live on the top floor of an apartment. Looking out of the bedroom window, there were no buildings as high as ours and, as a result, we never had to close our curtains at night. If I was awake in bed at night, I could look up and see the stars. I would wonder if there were planets revolving around them, and were any of those planets like ours. I’ll probably never know the answers but the questions themselves intrigue me.
Last summer the neighbors sold the little house next door and it was bought by a developer to build a new apartment building. It will be four floors tall, the same as ours. When the new building is ready for new residents, we have to start closing our curtains at night.
Perhaps I will be able to wait until everyone else is likely to be sleeping and reopen my curtains. That’s one possible course but I really doubt we’ll do this. More likely we will close the curtains before going to bed and not reopen them until morning. That means that when I wake up in the middle of the night as usual, the room will be dark and there will be nothing to see, no view out the window of the beautiful night sky and no interesting questions to think about.
I’m sure the night sky is filled with wonders we may never actually see and probably can’t even imagine. With that mind-set I have enjoyed lying in bed in the small hours of the night and looking at the heavens and wondering. Our little town is growing as it unavoidably would but I’m going to miss the stars.
Sometimes, it’s the little things.
4. What does the underlined word “intrigue” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Trick. B. Interest. C. Shock. D. Escape.
5. What may the author do when the new building is ready for use
A. Plan to move out of the town.
B. Communicate with neighbors.
C. Keep the curtains closed when sleeping.
D. Appreciate the appealing night sky as usual.
6. What does the author think of the development of the little town
A. Destructive. B. Understandable. C. Beneficial. D. Meaningless.
7. What is the purpose of this text
A. To arouse readers’ interest in the star observation.
B. To state the inconvenience of living on the top floor.
C. To remind the readers of the significance of little things.
D. To complain about the damage of building construction.
C
Species (物种) can actually go extinct (灭绝的) more than once. In a biological sense, species become extinct when the last animal of a species stops breathing. But when the species disappears from our shared memory and cultural knowledge, it becomes extinct in a different way—society(与社会有关的) extinction.
The researchers looked at dozens of previous studies to look into how societal extinction happens, finding out contributing factors such as symbolic or cultural importance, how long ago a species was last alive, and how much of a connection it had to humans.
Societal extinction usually but not always happens after biological extinction. Sometimes, both extinctions can happen at the same time, depending on how well and widely known a particular species is.
Most species —such as those far removed from culture, or those too small to be noticed except through a microscope(显微镜)—never have a societal presence to begin with. Meanwhile, for other species, the societal presence can break with reality after a biological extinction.
“Species can remain widely known after they become extinct, or even become more popular,” says conservation biologist Uri Roll. “However, our awareness and memory of such species gradually becomes transformed, and often becomes incorrect, or disassociated from the actual species.”
Take the Spix’s macaw(金刚鹦鹉) for example, currently extinct in the wild: A 2013 conservation report from Brazil surveyed 242 children from the bird’s former habitat, and almost all of them incorrectly believed the species originated from Rio de Janeiro, because of its appearance in the 2011 cartoon movie Rio.
Finally, the researchers found various links between societal extinction and a lack of support for biodiversity protection. So, ifs important to keep the memories and the records of extinct species in order to realize what’s been lost.
8. When does a species most probably become societal extinct
A. When it has difficulty in breathing.
B. When it faces some biological changes.
C. When it disappears unexpectedly in nature.
D. When it no longer exists in our memory and culture.
9. Which of the following factors is linked to societal extinction according to previous studies
A. Relationship with humans. B. Average length of life.
C Biological importance. D. Shape of the body.
10. Why do some species have no societal presence
A. They are not big enough to be seen.
B. They are closely linked to a specific culture.
C. They are in the process of societal extinction.
D. They are cleared away from scientific studies.
11. Why does the author mention Spix’s macaw in Paragraph 6
A. To draw a conclusion. B. To prove an opinion.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a prediction.
D
Have you ever felt nervous or afraid to take time off from work to look after your mental health
Marisa Kabas, a writer and political strategist, recently posed a similar question on Twitter (推特网), inspired by Simone Biles, who stopped taking part in Olympic events this week to protect her mental health.
“It was so shocking to so many people,” Ms. Kabas said on Wednesday in an interview. “Because the whole mentality (心态， 思维方式) is to be strong, and push through the pain.”
If you’re unlikely to use sick days for mental health reasons or are scared of being punished for doing so, I experts say it’s time to start thinking about how to protect your mental well-being. You should take a “sad day”.
There’s no official definition for a “sad day,” also known as a mental health day. Typically, it is paid time off drawn from sick days(or personal days) to help employees who aren’t feeling like their usual selves, offering an opportunity to refresh their minds, do something meaningful; or simply take a break from daily stressors. The “sad day” is only a temporary (暂时的) fix, and not meant to address deeper problems, but sometimes a little time away can make a big difference.
In most situations, just say that you need to take a sick day, and leave it at that, the experts advised. “I think the safe advice is not to be honest and frank,” said Andrew Kuller, a clinical psychologist. Not everybody values mental health, he added, and “unless you’re close with your boss, it is a risk. But say you work at the type of organization where you can tell the truth without fear of being punished. In that case, you still don’t need to reveal why you want to take a sick day.”
Whatever you do, don t spend the mental health day feeling guilty. So instead of thinking, “I should be at work right now, try to reframe your thinking in a more positive way. For example, try saying: “It would be great; if I could be at work right now. But today is a day that I need to take care of myself, so that’s what I’m going to do.”
12. Why were so many people shocked in the eyes of Ms. Kabas
A. Simone Biles posed questions on Twitter.
B. Simone Biles was interviewed by Ms. Kabas.
C. Simone Biles inspired sports fans greatly in the Olympics.
D. Simone Biles pulled out of Olympic events due to mental health.
13. What can we know about a “sad day”
A. It is only short-term relief.
B. It has an official definition.
C. It is of no value in reducing stress.
D. It is a perfect solution to big problems.
14. What are you advised to do in Paragraph 6
A. Face punishment bravely.
B. Try your best to please your boss.
C. Ask for a sick day without much explanation.
D. Tell your boss about the importance of mental health.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Don’t be too serious about a “sad day”
B. When work weighs you down, take a “sad day”
C. Don’t be afraid to talk about your mental health
D. When you feel burnt out tell your manager openly
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题25分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a personal trainer, I work with a variety of clients (客户). ___16___ More often, however, I work with people who are out of shape and just don’t know how to get started. For those people, here are simple ways to sneak exercise into their daily lives without too much effort.
Count your steps.
You can easily download a step counting app to track your steps for a full week and use the average number per day as your personal minimum (最小值). Check in with yourself each evening after dinner to see if you’ve hit your daily minimum. ___17___ Increase the number by five per cent for a few weeks before adding another five per cent.
___18___
When you watch TV, get up during commercials to walk around the house and/or do arm exercises with dumbbells or resistance bands. You could also climb a level in your home whenever the commercials are playing; top to bottom or bottom to top and back, depending on where your TV is.
Walk after eating.
It is reported that walking for just 1 0 minutes after eating a meal can lower blood sugar levels by 22 per cent. This is especially significant for people living with diabetes (糖尿病). ___19___
Sit Up Straighter.
It’s a given that many of us sit too much these days. ___20___ One way to offset (弥补) this is to perform “back pocket” stretches hourly throughout your day when you are sitting. These movements build strength in the muscles of the upper back and only take a few seconds to do.
A. Exercise after watching TV.
B. Get active while watching TV.
C. This can lead to back, neck and shoulder pain.
D. Taking exercise is undoubtedly good for health.
E. If not, go fora walk until you hit your daily step goal.
F. Some are extremely fit and looking for help to achieve specific goals.
G. Those who are looking for simple ways to keep fit can also benefit from it.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was fifteen, I wrote an essay about how excited all my friends were to be getting driver’s licenses. I was full of ___21___. I knew I’d always be walking everywhere I went or else relying on others to ___22___ me.
I have a condition called dry-eye syndrome (综合症). ___23___ I do have some sight, I never know when I ___24___ in the morning exactly how much vision I will have that day. The ___25___ for this is that my eyes do not produce enough tears.
There are many things I cannot do. I can’t drive or read a book. But there are far more things I can ___26___ do. In high school, I played basketball. My teammates gave me oral (口头的) ___27___ and I learned to judge where the ball was by their voices. I learned to focus extremely well and ___28___ the sportsmanship award.
Do I wish I could ___29___ like other people Of course. But being blind hasn’t ____30____ me in any of the important ways. If I’ve had to depend on my friends, ____31____ I’ve learned who my friends really are. I don’t know why God chose to give me only a little ____32____. Maybe he did it so that I would ____33____ what I do have. Maybe he did it so that I would have to ____34____ my other talents to compensate (弥补). It ____35____.
There are many different ways to look at life. This is how I see it.
21.
A energy B. envy C. hope D. life
22.
A. teach B. inform C. raise D. drive
23
A. While B. Since C. Before D. If
24.
A. throw up B. give up C. wake up D. turn up
25.
A. evidence B. reason C. price D. need
26.
A. silently B. differently C. comfortably D. gently
27.
A. promises B. tests C. arguments D. signals
28.
A. lost B. presented C. earned D. refused
29.
A. sing B. talk C. see D. think
30.
A. limited B. helped C. stimulated D. amazed
31.
A. in all B. at least C. on purpose D. by far
32.
A. time B. sight C. confidence D. support
33.
A. ignore B. destroy C. appreciate D. determine
34.
A. develop B. waste C. admire D. doubt
35.
A. changed B. failed C. hurt D. worked
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读以下短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Travels of Xu Xiake is a travel note ___36___ (create) by Xu Xiake, ___37___ geographer in the Ming Dynasty. After 34 years of travel, Xu Xiake left more than 600,000 Chinese words of travel notes. After his death, the materials were collected into Xu Xiake’s Travels by others.
This book is the first work to systematically investigate China’s geomorphology (水文地质学) and geology (地理学). In addition, the beautiful words also make it a masterpiece of literature, ___38___ is of great value in geography and literature.
The fresh and beautiful writing style used to describe things in The Travels of Xu Xiake ___39___ (make) readers love it. The ___40___ (describe) of the scenery is not only close to reality, but also very accurate. Modern science and technology has also confirmed the accuracy of Xu Xiake’s records of geological landform and rock landscape.
The historical value of The Travels of Xu Xiake covers a wide range ___41___ levels. Apart from the observation of mountain landform, he also has ___42___ (detail) records on hydrological (水文学) distribution, river source exploration and the experience of the relationship between landscape and climate.
From these rich ___43___ (content), this travel note can leave a name in history. It is considered to be a work ___44___ (cover) literature and Science in the late Ming Dynasty.
The day of the first chapter of The Travels of Xu Xiake (May 19) is _____45_____ (official) named as China’s Tourism Day.
第四部分 书面表达(满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你校上周举办了以“我劳动我快乐”为主题的实践活动。你的英国朋友Jerry很想了解该活动。请你给他回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容；
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80字左右；
2. 请按要求在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jerry,
I’m so glad to hear from you.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Marco was a boy, he tried everything to get his father’s love and attention. He worked hard to earn good marks; he tried to be obedient (顺从的), he chose inspiring friends and always tried to behave well.
Sensitive and shy, he was so timid (胆怯的) that he always wore turtleneck shirts. He hid behind his hair, which he wore long around his face and ears. To make it worse, Marco was naturally shorter than the other kids. And because his good marks had allowed him to skip second grade — he was younger than everyone else. This added nothing to his already low self-confidence.
When Marco was eight his parents divorced, and Marco was sent to a boarding school. Six years later, he and his young sister Sandra moved in with their dad and his new wife in S-Leonard, a French Canadian and Italian neighborhood on the east side of Montreal, It felt to Marco that his father had little time for him and Sandra. Except for his demands around chores (日常琐事) after school, communication was nonexistent. It seemed to Marco the only time his dad ever spoke to him was to be demanding. He began to fear to come home from school every day.
Marco sank further into his low self-confidence, feeling unappreciated, inadequate, depressed and confused.
One day, his aunt called him. To Marco, this seemed like a miracle. Aunt Ginette usually only called once a year, on his birthday. She said she had just seen some young teenagers participate in a public speaking contest called Gala Personnalite sponsored by Club Optimiste — and she thought about him. She thought he, should give it a try. She told him she firmly believed he could perform on stage like the other kids.
Marco was greatly surprised. Him Onstage In a public speaking contest To agree would be contrary to his entire shy, timid personality. But Aunt Ginette was so confident. She seemed really serious. She was sure it was something he could do. She truly believed in him. And feeling her strong belief, Marco agreed to enter the contest.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
An energy flooded him, which he never felt before.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When the big night arrived, his family were all in the audience.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________高一下学期句容高级中学期末考试英语试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
National Parks, Wyoming
A bike tour is a great way to access busy national parks. This six-day trip is a big loop out of Jackson 5s Rustic Inn Creekside Resort and Spa, with stops along the way to check out hot springs, moose (驼鹿) and the grizzly bear. Available June to September 2022; $3,095,
Death Valley California
This three-day trip starts with a meet and greet in Las Vegas before exploring a ghost town, on foot. Then the biking starts through the desert, heading to a hotel in time to catch a Death Valley sunset. The next day ifs a nearly 50-mile ride to the edge of a crater (火山口). Available October 2021 through December 2022;$1,649,
Finger Lakes, New York
This 121-mile bike tour snakes its way around Canandaigua lakes and rolling hills over five days. It starts with a wine tasting, then lunch and a ride through farmland. With only about 30 miles a day of riding, there’s plenty of time to try local wines and have a spa. Available June to July 2022;$5,499, trek
Florida Keys
Unless you book a custom trip, tours that include teens and kids can be difficult to find. Keep younger travelers engaged by mixing bike rides with other activities, like kayaking (独木舟), snorkeling, hiking and stand-up paddle boarding. This five-day trip heads south from Miami, through the Everglades National Park, and out to Key West. Along the way kids can learn to fish like the locals while parents can relax in excellent accommodations. Available December 2021 and December 2022;from $3,999,
1. Which tour is the most suitable for families
A. National Parks, Wyoming B. Death Valley, California
C. Finger Lakes, New York D. Florida Keys
2. What can you enjoy on the trip to Death Valley
A. Learning to fish. B. Seeing wild animals.
C. Appreciating the sunset. D. Trying local wines.
3. Which of the following do the four tours share
A. Seeing the world from a bike seat. B. Having a taste of farm life.
C. Exploring local food on a bike trip. D. Getting the most out of national parks.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了旅行美国的四个目的地及其攻略。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Florida Keys部分的“Along the way kids can learn to fish like the locals while parents can relax in excellent accommodations. (一路上，孩子们可以像当地人一样学习钓鱼，而父母则可以在优越的住宿条件下放松身心。)”可知，佛罗里达群岛最适合家庭出游。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley, California部分的“Then the biking starts through the desert, heading to a hotel in time to catch a Death Valley sunset. (然后骑自行车穿过沙漠，及时前往一家酒店，欣赏死亡谷的日落。)”可知，在死亡谷之旅中，人们可以欣赏日落。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据National Parks, Wyoming部分的“A bike tour is a great way to access busy national parks. (骑自行车游览是游览繁忙的国家公园的好方法。)”、Death Valley, California部分的“Then the biking starts through the desert, heading to a hotel in time to catch a Death Valley sunset. (然后骑自行车穿过沙漠，及时前往一家酒店，欣赏死亡谷的日落。)”、Finger Lakes, New York部分的“This 121-mile bike tour snakes its way around Canandaigua lakes and rolling hills over five days. (这段121英里长的自行车之旅将在五天内蜿蜒曲折地绕过卡纳达伊瓜湖和连绵起伏的山丘。)”、以及Florida Keys部分的“Keep younger travelers engaged by mixing bike rides with other activities, like kayaking (独木舟), snorkeling, hiking and stand-up paddle boarding. (通过将骑自行车与皮划艇、浮潜、徒步旅行和立式桨板等其他活动相结合，让年轻的旅行者参与进来。)”可知，这四个旅行的共同点是都可以坐在自行车上看世界。故选A。
B
Our lives are measured by the passing years and shaped by major milestones such as graduating from school, getting jobs, getting married and having children. Sometimes, however, it’s the little things that we find play an important role. Often we don’t even notice them until they change or we suddenly don’t have them anymore.
My wife and I live on the top floor of an apartment. Looking out of the bedroom window, there were no buildings as high as ours and, as a result, we never had to close our curtains at night. If I was awake in bed at night, I could look up and see the stars. I would wonder if there were planets revolving around them, and were any of those planets like ours. I’ll probably never know the answers but the questions themselves intrigue me.
Last summer, the neighbors sold the little house next door and it was bought by a developer to build a new apartment building. It will be four floors tall, the same as ours. When the new building is ready for new residents, we have to start closing our curtains at night.
Perhaps I will be able to wait until everyone else is likely to be sleeping and reopen my curtains. That’s one possible course but I really doubt we’ll do this. More likely we will close the curtains before going to bed and not reopen them until morning. That means that when I wake up in the middle of the night as usual, the room will be dark and there will be nothing to see, no view out the window of the beautiful night sky and no interesting questions to think about.
I’m sure the night sky is filled with wonders we may never actually see and probably can’t even imagine. With that mind-set I have enjoyed lying in bed in the small hours of the night and looking at the heavens and wondering. Our little town is growing as it unavoidably would but I’m going to miss the stars.
Sometimes, it’s the little things.
4. What does the underlined word “intrigue” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Trick. B. Interest. C. Shock. D. Escape.
5. What may the author do when the new building is ready for use
A. Plan to move out of the town.
B. Communicate with neighbors.
C. Keep the curtains closed when sleeping.
D Appreciate the appealing night sky as usual.
6. What does the author think of the development of the little town
A. Destructive. B. Understandable. C. Beneficial. D. Meaningless.
7. What is the purpose of this text
A. To arouse readers’ interest in the star observation.
B. To state the inconvenience of living on the top floor.
C. To remind the readers of the significance of little things.
D. To complain about the damage of building construction.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者分享了自己和妻子在顶层公寓居住时能看到星星的有趣经历，然而，随着隔壁的新楼盖起来，作者晚上无法再见到星空。作者虽然意识到这无法避免，但却非常想念星空。作者借此表达了对微小事物的珍惜和思考，以及面对生活变化时的感慨和思索。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“If I was awake in bed at night, I could look up and see the stars. I would wonder if there were planets revolving around them, and were any of those planets like ours. I’ll probably never know the answers (如果晚上我在床上醒着，我就能抬头看到星星。我想知道是否有行星围绕着它们旋转，这些行星中是否有像我们这样的行星。我可能永远都不会知道答案)”可知，此处作者在描述自己对星空的思索，再结合表示转折的“but”和倒数第三段中“no interesting questions to think about (没有值得思考的有趣问题)”可知，虽然作者不知道问题的答案，但是他觉得这些问题很有趣，也就是问题让他很感兴趣，画线词意思应该与Interest一致。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“More likely we will close the curtains before going to bed and not reopen them until morning. (我们更有可能在睡觉前把窗帘拉上，直到早上才重新打开)”可知，作者会在睡觉时把窗帘拉上。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Our little town is growing as it unavoidably would but I’m going to miss the stars. (我们的小镇不可避免地在发展，但我会想念星星的)”可知，作者知道小镇的发展是不可避免的。由此可知，他认为这种发展是可以理解的。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者分享了自己和妻子在顶层公寓居住时能看到星星的有趣经历，然而，随着隔壁的新楼盖起来，作者晚上无法再见到星空。作者虽然意识到这无法避免，但却非常想念星空。作者借此表达了对微小事物的珍惜和思考，以及面对生活变化时的感慨和思索。再结合第一段中“Sometimes, however, it’s the little things that we find play an important role. Often we don’t even notice them until they change or we suddenly don’t have them anymore. (然而，有时候，我们发现一些小事情起着重要的作用。通常我们甚至没有注意到它们，直到它们改变或者我们突然不再拥有它们)”和最后一段“Sometimes, it’s the little things. (有时候，是一些小事情)”可推知，文章的目的在于提醒读者小事情的重要性。故选C项。
C
Species (物种) can actually go extinct (灭绝的) more than once. In a biological sense, species become extinct when the last animal of a species stops breathing. But when the species disappears from our shared memory and cultural knowledge, it becomes extinct in a different way—society(与社会有关的) extinction.
The researchers looked at dozens of previous studies to look into how societal extinction happens, finding out contributing factors such as symbolic or cultural importance, how long ago a species was last alive, and how much of a connection it had to humans.
Societal extinction usually but not always happens after biological extinction. Sometimes, both extinctions can happen at the same time, depending on how well and widely known a particular species is.
Most species —such as those far removed from culture, or those too small to be noticed except through a microscope(显微镜)—never have a societal presence to begin with. Meanwhile, for other species, the societal presence can break with reality after a biological extinction.
“Species can remain widely known after they become extinct, or even become more popular,” says conservation biologist Uri Roll. “However, our awareness and memory of such species gradually becomes transformed, and often becomes incorrect, or disassociated from the actual species.”
Take the Spix’s macaw(金刚鹦鹉) for example, currently extinct in the wild: A 2013 conservation report from Brazil surveyed 242 children from the bird’s former habitat, and almost all of them incorrectly believed the species originated from Rio de Janeiro, because of its appearance in the 2011 cartoon movie Rio.
Finally, the researchers found various links between societal extinction and a lack of support for biodiversity protection. So, ifs important to keep the memories and the records of extinct species in order to realize what’s been lost.
8. When does a species most probably become societal extinct
A. When it has difficulty in breathing.
B. When it faces some biological changes.
C. When it disappears unexpectedly in nature.
D. When it no longer exists in our memory and culture.
9. Which of the following factors is linked to societal extinction according to previous studies
A. Relationship with humans. B. Average length of life.
C. Biological importance. D. Shape of the body.
10. Why do some species have no societal presence
A. They are not big enough to be seen.
B. They are closely linked to a specific culture.
C. They are in the process of societal extinction.
D. They are cleared away from scientific studies.
11. Why does the author mention Spix’s macaw in Paragraph 6
A. To draw a conclusion. B. To prove an opinion.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a prediction.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了物种的两种灭绝——生物学意义的灭绝和社会灭绝。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But when the species disappears from our shared memory and cultural knowledge, it becomes extinct in a different way—society(与社会有关的) extinction. (但当这个物种从我们共同的记忆和文化知识中消失时，它就会以另一种方式灭绝——社会灭绝。)”可知，当一个物种不再存在于我们的记忆和文化中时就标志着该物种社会灭绝了。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers looked at dozens of previous studies to look into how societal extinction happens, finding out contributing factors such as symbolic or cultural importance, how long ago a species was last alive, and how much of a connection it had to humans. (研究人员查阅了数十项先前的研究，以了解社会灭绝是如何发生的，找出了一些促成因素，如象征性或文化重要性、一个物种最后存活的时间以及它与人类的联系程度。)”可知，社会灭绝的一个促成因素是与人类的关系。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Most species —such as those far removed from culture, or those too small to be noticed except through a microscope(显微镜)—never have a societal presence to begin with. (大多数物种——比如那些远离文化的物种，或者那些太小而无法通过显微镜观察到的物种——从一开始就没有社会存在。)”可知，有些物种没有社会存在是因为它们不够大，看不见。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。第六段中的“Take the Spix’s macaw(金刚鹦鹉) for example, currently extinct in the wild: A 2013 conservation report from Brazil surveyed 242 children from the bird’s former habitat, and almost all of them incorrectly believed the species originated from Rio de Janeiro, because of its appearance in the 2011 cartoon movie Rio. (以目前已在野外灭绝的斯皮克斯金刚鹦鹉为例：巴西2013年的一份保护报告调查了该鸟以前栖息地的242名儿童，几乎所有人都错误地认为该物种起源于里约热内卢，因为它出现在2011年的卡通电影《里约大冒险》中。)”可知，斯皮克斯的金刚鹦鹉被错误地认为起源于里约热内卢，因为它出现在2011年的卡通电影《里约大冒险》中。因此，作者在第6段提到斯皮克斯的金刚鹦鹉是为了证明第五段“However, our awareness and memory of such species gradually becomes transformed, and often becomes incorrect, or disassociated from the actual species.(然而，我们对这类物种的意识和记忆逐渐发生了转变，而且往往变得不正确，或者与实际物种脱节。)”这一观点，即例证。故选B。
D
Have you ever felt nervous or afraid to take time off from work to look after your mental health
Marisa Kabas, a writer and political strategist, recently posed a similar question on Twitter (推特网), inspired by Simone Biles, who stopped taking part in Olympic events this week to protect her mental health.
“It was so shocking to so many people,” Ms. Kabas said on Wednesday in an interview. “Because the whole mentality (心态， 思维方式) is to be strong, and push through the pain.”
If you’re unlikely to use sick days for mental health reasons or are scared of being punished for doing so, I experts say it’s time to start thinking about how to protect your mental well-being. You should take a “sad day”.
There’s no official definition for a “sad day,” also known as a mental health day. Typically, it is paid time off drawn from sick days(or personal days) to help employees who aren’t feeling like their usual selves, offering an opportunity to refresh their minds, do something meaningful; or simply take a break from daily stressors. The “sad day” is only a temporary (暂时的) fix, and not meant to address deeper problems, but sometimes a little time away can make a big difference.
In most situations, just say that you need to take a sick day, and leave it at that, the experts advised. “I think the safe advice is not to be honest and frank,” said Andrew Kuller, a clinical psychologist. Not everybody values mental health, he added, and “unless you’re close with your boss, it is a risk. But say you work at the type of organization where you can tell the truth without fear of being punished. In that case, you still don’t need to reveal why you want to take a sick day.”
Whatever you do, don t spend the mental health day feeling guilty. So instead of thinking, “I should be at work right now, try to reframe your thinking in a more positive way. For example, try saying: “It would be great; if I could be at work right now. But today is a day that I need to take care of myself, so that’s what I’m going to do.”
12. Why were so many people shocked in the eyes of Ms. Kabas
A. Simone Biles posed questions on Twitter.
B. Simone Biles was interviewed by Ms. Kabas.
C. Simone Biles inspired sports fans greatly in the Olympics.
D. Simone Biles pulled out of Olympic events due to mental health.
13. What can we know about a “sad day”
A. It is only short-term relief.
B. It has an official definition.
C. It is of no value in reducing stress.
D. It is a perfect solution to big problems.
14. What are you advised to do in Paragraph 6
A. Face punishment bravely.
B. Try your best to please your boss.
C. Ask for a sick day without much explanation.
D. Tell your boss about the importance of mental health.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Don’t be too serious about a “sad day”
B. When work weighs you down, take a “sad day”
C. Don’t be afraid to talk about your mental health
D. When you feel burnt out, tell your manager openly
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是心理健康日是什么以及它的意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Marisa Kabas, a writer and political strategist, recently posed a similar question on Twitter (推特网), inspired by Simone Biles, who stopped taking part in Olympic events this week to protect her mental health.(作家兼政治策略师Marisa Kabas最近在Twitter上提出了一个类似的问题，受到Simone Biles的启发。Biles为了保护自己的精神健康，本周停止了参加奥运会的比赛。)”可知，在Ms. Kabas眼中，那么多人感到惊讶是因为Simone Biles因精神健康问题退出了奥运会比赛。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The “sad day” is only a temporary fix, and not meant to address deeper problems, but sometimes a little time away can make a big difference.(“悲伤的一天”只是一个暂时的解决方案，并不是为了解决更深层次的问题，但有时离开一段时间会产生很大的不同。)”可知，“悲伤的一天”只是短期的缓解。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“I think the safe advice is not to be honest and frank(我认为安全的建议是不要诚实和坦率)”和“But say you work at the type of organization where you can tell the truth without fear of being punished. In that case, you still don’t need to reveal why you want to take a sick day.(但是假设你在这样的公司工作，你可以说出真相而不用担心受到惩罚。在这种情况下，你仍然不需要透露你为什么要请病假。)”可知，第6段建议不作任何解释就请一天病假。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段“If you’re unlikely to use sick days for mental health reasons or are scared of being punished for doing so, I experts say it’s time to start thinking about how to protect your mental well-being. You should take a “sad day”.(如果你不太可能因为心理健康原因而请病假，或者害怕因此受到惩罚，专家们说，是时候开始考虑如何保护你的心理健康了。你应该过“悲伤的一天”。)”可知，本文主要讲的是当你觉得心理健康有问题的时候，应该过“悲伤的一天”，也就是心理健康日，文章也介绍了心理健康日是什么，以及它的意义，因此最好的题目是B选项“When work weighs you down, take a “sad day”(当工作压得你喘不过气来时，不妨过“悲伤的一天”。)”。故选B。
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题25分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a personal trainer, I work with a variety of clients (客户). ___16___ More often, however, I work with people who are out of shape and just don’t know how to get started. For those people, here are simple ways to sneak exercise into their daily lives without too much effort.
Count your steps.
You can easily download a step counting app to track your steps for a full week and use the average number per day as your personal minimum (最小值). Check in with yourself each evening after dinner to see if you’ve hit your daily minimum. ___17___ Increase the number by five per cent for a few weeks before adding another five per cent.
___18___
When you watch TV, get up during commercials to walk around the house and/or do arm exercises with dumbbells or resistance bands. You could also climb a level in your home whenever the commercials are playing; top to bottom or bottom to top and back, depending on where your TV is.
Walk after eating.
It is reported that walking for just 1 0 minutes after eating a meal can lower blood sugar levels by 22 per cent. This is especially significant for people living with diabetes (糖尿病). ___19___
Sit Up Straighter.
It’s a given that many of us sit too much these days. ___20___ One way to offset (弥补) this is to perform “back pocket” stretches hourly throughout your day when you are sitting. These movements build strength in the muscles of the upper back and only take a few seconds to do.
A. Exercise after watching TV.
B. Get active while watching TV.
C. This can lead to back, neck and shoulder pain.
D. Taking exercise is undoubtedly good for health.
E. If not, go fora walk until you hit your daily step goal.
F. Some are extremely fit and looking for help to achieve specific goals.
G. Those who are looking for simple ways to keep fit can also benefit from it.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. B 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要针对一些不爱运动的人提供了一些简单的方法让他们将锻炼偷偷融入日常生活。
16题详解】
根据下文“More often, however, I work with people who are out of shape and just don’t know how to get started. (然而，更多的时候，我与那些身材走样、不知道如何开始的人一起工作。)”可知，空格处与下文是转折关系。F项“Some are extremely fit and looking for help to achieve specific goals. (有些人非常健康，正在寻求帮助以实现特定目标。)”中的extremely fit和achieve specific goals与下文的out of shape和don’t know how to get started形成对比，符合语境，故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Check in with yourself each evening after dinner to see if you’ve hit your daily minimum. (每天晚上晚饭后检查一下自己，看看自己是否达到了每日最低水平。)”可知，上文讲到每天晚上晚饭后检查一下自己是否达到了每日最低水平。E项“If not, go for a walk until you hit your daily step goal. (如果没有，就去散步，直到达到你的每日步数目标。)”承接上文，符合语境，故选E项。
【18题详解】
空格处是本段主旨句。根据下文“When you watch TV, get up during commercials to walk around the house and/or do arm exercises with dumbbells or resistance bands. You could also climb a level in your home whenever the commercials are playing; top to bottom or bottom to top and back, depending on where your TV is. (当你看电视时，在广告中起床在家里走动和/或用哑铃或阻力带进行手臂锻炼。每当广告播放时，你也可以在家里爬一层楼；从上到下或从下到上再到后，这取决于你的电视在哪里。)”可知，本段主要建议看电视时要动起来。B项“Get active while watching TV. (看电视时要活动起来。)”最能概括本段主旨，故选B项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“This is especially significant for people living with diabetes (糖尿病). (这对糖尿病患者尤其重要。)”可知，饭后散步对糖尿病患者尤其重要。G项“Those who are looking for simple ways to keep fit can also benefit from it. (那些正在寻找简单健身方法的人也可以从中受益。)”补充说明其他人也可以受益，故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“One way to offset (弥补) this is to perform “back pocket” stretches hourly throughout your day when you are sitting. (抵消这种影响的一种方法是在你坐着的时候每小时进行一次‘后袋’伸展运动。)”可知，下文是在介绍解决办法，故上文应指出问题是什么。C项“This can lead to back, neck and shoulder pain. (这会导致背部、颈部和肩部疼痛。)”符合语境，故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was fifteen, I wrote an essay about how excited all my friends were to be getting driver’s licenses. I was full of ___21___. I knew I’d always be walking everywhere I went or else relying on others to ___22___ me.
I have a condition called dry-eye syndrome (综合症). ___23___ I do have some sight, I never know when I ___24___ in the morning exactly how much vision I will have that day. The ___25___ for this is that my eyes do not produce enough tears.
There are many things I cannot do. I can’t drive or read a book. But there are far more things I can ___26___ do. In high school, I played basketball. My teammates gave me oral (口头的) ___27___ and I learned to judge where the ball was by their voices. I learned to focus extremely well and ___28___ the sportsmanship award.
Do I wish I could ___29___ like other people Of course. But being blind hasn’t ____30____ me in any of the important ways. If I’ve had to depend on my friends, ____31____ I’ve learned who my friends really are. I don’t know why God chose to give me only a little ____32____. Maybe he did it so that I would ____33____ what I do have. Maybe he did it so that I would have to ____34____ my other talents to compensate (弥补). It ____35____.
There are many different ways to look at life. This is how I see it.
21.
A. energy B. envy C. hope D. life
22.
A. teach B. inform C. raise D. drive
23.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. If
24.
A. throw up B. give up C. wake up D. turn up
25.
A. evidence B. reason C. price D. need
26.
A. silently B. differently C. comfortably D. gently
27.
A. promises B. tests C. arguments D. signals
28
A. lost B. presented C. earned D. refused
29.
A. sing B. talk C. see D. think
30.
A. limited B. helped C. stimulated D. amazed
31.
A. in all B. at least C. on purpose D. by far
32.
A. time B. sight C. confidence D. support
33.
A. ignore B. destroy C. appreciate D. determine
34.
A. develop B. waste C. admire D. doubt
35.
A. changed B. failed C. hurt D. worked
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因患干眼综合征，有很多事情不能做。但这并没有在任何重要方面限制作者。相反，他用不同的方式看待生活。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我充满了羡慕。A. energy精力；B. envy羡慕；C. hope希望；D. life生活。根据下文“I knew I’d always be walking everywhere I went or else relying on others to ___2___ me.”可知，“我”出行要么走路要么靠别人开车送“我”。所以，对于朋友们拿驾照“我”充满了羡慕。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我走到哪里都会走路，否则就要靠别人开车送我。A. teach教；B. inform告知；通知；C. raise提高；养育；筹集；D. drive驾驶；驾车送。根据下文“I can’t drive or read a book.”可知，“我”因患干眼综合征不能开车。所以，出行要么走路要么靠别人开车送“我”。 故选D。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我确实有一些视力，但我永远不知道早上醒来时我会有多少视力。A. While当……时候；尽管；B. Since自从；既然；C. Before在……之前；D. If如果。根据下文“I never know when I ___4___ in the morning exactly how much vision I will have that day.”可知，空格处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，故用while引导让步状语从句。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. throw up使引起注意，呕吐；B. give up放弃；C. wake up醒来；D. turn up出现；调高。根据句中“in the morning”可知，此处指“我”永远不知道早上醒来时会有多少视力。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是我的眼睛没有产生足够的眼泪。A. evidence证据；B. reason理由；原因；C. price价格；D. need需要。根据空后“for this”以及下文“my eyes do not produce enough tears”可知，此处是在解释原因。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我能舒服地做的事情要多得多。A. silently默默地；B. differently不同地；C. comfortably舒适地；D. gently精力。根据上文“There are many things I cannot do.”可知，“我”有很多事情我不能做。结合句中“But”，上下文是转折关系，故此处指“我”能舒服地做的事情要多得多。用comfortably与上文形成强烈对比。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的队友们给了我口头信号，我学会了通过他们的声音判断球在哪里。A. promises承诺；B. tests测试；C. arguments争论；D. signals信号；暗号。根据下文“judge where the ball was by their voices”可知，“我”会通过他们的声音判断球在哪里。所以，队友们给“我”的是口头信号。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很好地学会了集中注意力，并获得了体育精神奖。A. lost失去；B. presented展现；提交；C. earned获得；D. refused拒绝。根据句中“focus extremely well”以及下文“the sportsmanship award”可知，“我”获得了体育精神奖。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望我能像其他人一样看东西吗？A. sing唱；B. talk交谈；C. see看见；D. think认为。作者患有干眼症，视力很差，结合下文“There are many different ways to look at life. This is how I see it.”可知，“我”希望自己像其他人一样看东西。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然但失明并没有在任何重要方面限制我。A. limited限制；B. helped帮助；C. stimulated刺激；促进；D. amazed使惊讶。根据上文“ But there are far more things I can ___6___ do. In high school, I played basketball. My teammates gave me oral (口头的) ___7___ and I learned to judge where the ball was by their voices. I learned to focus extremely well and ___8___ the sportsmanship award.”以及下文“There are many different ways to look at life. This is how I see it.”可知，失明并没有在任何重要方面限制“我”。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：如果我不得不依赖我的朋友，至少我已经了解了我的朋友是谁。A. in all总之；B. at least至少；C. on purpose故意地；D. by far迄今为止。根据句中“If I’ve had to depend on my friends”以及“I’ve learned who my friends really are”可知，此处指至少“我”已经了解了我的朋友是谁。at least表示相对于不利条件或糟糕情形，意为“起码，至少；不管怎样”。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道上帝为什么选择只给我一点点视觉。A. time时间；B. sight视力；景象；C. confidence信心；D. support支持。根据上文“___3___ I do have some sight, I never know when I ___4___ in the morning exactly how much vision I will have that day.”可知，此处指“我”不知道上帝为什么选择只给“我”一点点视觉。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他这么做是为了让我感激我所拥有的。A. ignore忽视；B. destroy破坏；C. appreciate欣赏；感激；D. determine决定。根据下文“what I do have”可知，上帝只给“我”一点点视觉是为了让“我”感激所拥有的。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他这么做是为了让我发展自己的其他才能来弥补。A. develop发展；培养；B. waste浪费；C. admire钦佩；欣赏；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“other talents to compensate (弥补)”可知，上帝只给“我”一点点视觉是为了让“我”培养自己的其他才能来弥补。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它奏效了。A. changed改变；B. failed失败；C. hurt伤害；D. worked工作；奏效；起作用。根据下文“There are many different ways to look at life. This is how I see it.”可知，“我”用很多不同的方式看待生活，说明它奏效了。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读以下短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Travels of Xu Xiake is a travel note ___36___ (create) by Xu Xiake, ___37___ geographer in the Ming Dynasty. After 34 years of travel, Xu Xiake left more than 600,000 Chinese words of travel notes. After his death, the materials were collected into Xu Xiake’s Travels by others.
This book is the first work to systematically investigate China’s geomorphology (水文地质学) and geology (地理学). In addition, the beautiful words also make it a masterpiece of literature, ___38___ is of great value in geography and literature.
The fresh and beautiful writing style used to describe things in The Travels of Xu Xiake ___39___ (make) readers love it. The ___40___ (describe) of the scenery is not only close to reality, but also very accurate. Modern science and technology has also confirmed the accuracy of Xu Xiake’s records of geological landform and rock landscape.
The historical value of The Travels of Xu Xiake covers a wide range ___41___ levels. Apart from the observation of mountain landform, he also has ___42___ (detail) records on hydrological (水文学) distribution, river source exploration and the experience of the relationship between landscape and climate.
From these rich ___43___ (content), this travel note can leave a name in history. It is considered to be a work ___44___ (cover) literature and Science in the late Ming Dynasty.
The day of the first chapter of The Travels of Xu Xiake (May 19) is _____45_____ (official) named as China’s Tourism Day.
【答案】36. created
37. a 38. which
39. makes 40. description
41. of 42. detailed
43. contents
44. covering
45. officially
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了明代地理学家徐霞客创作的《徐霞客游记》。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《徐霞客游记》是明代地理学家徐霞客创作的游记。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词a travel note与create是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填created。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：《徐霞客游记》是明代地理学家徐霞客创作的游记。分析句子可知，空格处应填入冠词。此处介绍徐霞客的身份，表示“一个”，故用不定冠词。geographer的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。名词短语a geographer in the Ming Dynasty作Xu Xiake的同位语。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，优美的文字也使它成为文学的杰作，在地理和文学上都具有重要的价值。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句。先行词为masterpiece，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：《徐霞客游记》中描写事物的清新优美的文笔让读者爱不释手。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语The fresh and beautiful writing style表示单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：对景物的描写不仅贴近现实，而且十分准确。根据空格前的The可知，此处应填名词作主语，describe的名词形式description符合题意，意为“描述”。故填description。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：《徐霞客游记》的历史价值涉及多个层面。此处为固定搭配a wide range of，意为“各种各样的”。故填of。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了对山地地貌的观察，他还对水文分布、河源勘探以及景观与气候关系的经历有详细的记录。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词records。detail的形容词形式detailed符合题意，意为“详细的”。故填detailed。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：从这些丰富的内容来看，这篇游记可以青史留名。根据空格前的these可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填contents。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它被认为是一部涵盖晚明文学和科学的著作。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。a work与cover是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填covering。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：《徐霞客游记》第一章的第一天（5月19日）被正式命名为中国旅游日。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语修饰is named，故用officially，意为“正式地”。故填officially。
第四部分 书面表达(满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你校上周举办了以“我劳动我快乐”为主题的实践活动。你的英国朋友Jerry很想了解该活动。请你给他回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容；
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80字左右；
2. 请按要求在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jerry,
I’m so glad to hear from you.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jerry,
I’m so glad to hear from you. An activity was held in our school, whose theme is “Labor Makes Me Happy”. The purpose of this activity is to raise students’ awareness of labor. It included varieties of activities, like labor skill competitions, lectures on labor education, voluntary service and so on, which not only helped develop our love for labor, but also broaden our vision and give us more hands-on experiences.
Labor is the basis of human social survival and development. Labor is the only means of people to maintain self-survival and self-development.
Yours, Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jerry回一封电子邮件，介绍学校上周举办的以“我劳动我快乐”为主题的实践活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
举办：hold→throw
主题：theme→topic
帮助：help→assist
包括：include→involve
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Labor is the basis of human social survival and development.
拓展句：From this activity, I learn that labor is the basis of human social survival and development.
【点睛】【高分句型1】An activity was held in our school , whose theme is “Labor Makes Me Happy”. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】It included varieties of activities, like labor skill competitions, lectures on labor education, voluntary service and so on, which not only helped develop our love for labor, but also broaden our vision and give us more hands-on experiences. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Marco was a boy, he tried everything to get his father’s love and attention. He worked hard to earn good marks; he tried to be obedient (顺从的), he chose inspiring friends and always tried to behave well.
Sensitive and shy, he was so timid (胆怯的) that he always wore turtleneck shirts. He hid behind his hair, which he wore long around his face and ears. To make it worse, Marco was naturally shorter than the other kids. And because his good marks had allowed him to skip second grade — he was younger than everyone else. This added nothing to his already low self-confidence.
When Marco was eight his parents divorced, and Marco was sent to a boarding school. Six years later, he and his young sister Sandra moved in with their dad and his new wife in S-Leonard, a French Canadian and Italian neighborhood on the east side of Montreal, It felt to Marco that his father had little time for him and Sandra. Except for his demands around chores (日常琐事) after school, communication was nonexistent. It seemed to Marco the only time his dad ever spoke to him was to be demanding. He began to fear to come home from school every day.
Marco sank further into his low self-confidence, feeling unappreciated, inadequate, depressed and confused.
One day, his aunt called him. To Marco, this seemed like a miracle. Aunt Ginette usually only called once a year, on his birthday. She said she had just seen some young teenagers participate in a public speaking contest called Gala Personnalite sponsored by Club Optimiste — and she thought about him. She thought he, should give it a try. She told him she firmly believed he could perform on stage like the other kids.
Marco was greatly surprised. Him Onstage In a public speaking contest To agree would be contrary to his entire shy, timid personality. But Aunt Ginette was so confident. She seemed really serious. She was sure it was something he could do. She truly believed in him. And feeling her strong belief, Marco agreed to enter the contest.
注意：
1. 所续写短文词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
An energy flooded him, which he never felt before.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When the big night arrived, his family were all in the audience.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】An energy flooded him, which he never felt before. The first thing in his mind was to determine a proper topic and supporting details. His Chinese teacher offered to help him and gave him some good advice. Then followed the repeated practice. Every morning he would get up very early and speak to a mirror to check whether everything is in its proper place. After several weeks’ practice, Marco became quite confident and couldn’t wait for the speaking contest.
When the big night arrived, his family were all in the audience. Standing before an audience of hundreds for the first time, Marco felt extremely nervous and unexpectedly made a grammar mistake. He was frustrated and decided to give up. But the moment he spotted his aunt and his father’s fond but firm eyes, he gathered his courage and went on. Thunderous applause and the announcement that he won the first place made Marco cry. After the contest, He wrote in his diary: “Believe in yourself, be thankful to the one who believes in you and accept the one who don’t understand you. ”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Marco虽成绩优异，但却害羞而自卑，后来父母离婚后，他与父亲和继母生活，很少与父亲交流，感到极度孤独和自卑，一天Ginette阿姨鼓励Marco参加一次公开演讲，她坚信他能像其他孩子一样在舞台上表演。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一股前所未有的能量涌上他的心头。”可知，第一段可描写作者在姑妈的信任之下，满怀热情地准备比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“当这个重要的夜晚到来时，他的家人都在观众席上。”可知，第二段可描写作者登台演讲，获得成功并找到自信。
2.续写线索：报名——搜集素材——反复训练——上台比赛——出现错误——姑妈的眼神——获得第一名——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
提供：offer/provide
②放弃：give up/abandon
③看见：spot/catch sight of
情绪类
①感到紧张：feel nervous/feel stressed
垂头丧气的：be frustrated/be disappointed
【点睛】[高分句型1] Then followed the repeated practice.(完全倒装句)
[高分句型2] But the moment he spotted his aunt and his father’s fond but firm eyes, he gathered his courage and went on.(由名词词组the moment引导的时间状语从句)
