-2024届高考英语二轮复习定语从句知识点归纳讲解讲义

定语从句知识点归纳讲解
一、定语从句以及相关术语
★定义：定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。
★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法
（一）关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
▲ as通常以the same ... as或such ... as的形式引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”，as 译为“正如”。但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。As we all know,…/As is known to all,…（正如大家所知道....）
（二）关系副词：where, when, why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语
▲当situation, stage, point, case, position, condition, activity, scene, occasion,spot等词作先行词表抽象的地点,其后常由where引导。
▲The reason why...is that... 。。。的原因是。。。
三、非限制性定语从句
非限定性定语从句，从句式上看，有逗号隔开。它既可以修饰先行词，也可修饰整个句子。它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。
非限制性定语从句通常不能用that
2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。例如：I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。
四、特殊用法
（一）只能用that 不用which引导定语从句的情况
1. 先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much
I will do all (that) I can to help you.
2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first English novel (that) I have ever read.
3.先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时。This is the only thing (that) I can do for you.
4.人和物同时作先行词时。We talked about the things and people (that) we saw in the foreign country.
5.主句是以who / which 开头的疑问句。Which is the book (that) you want to borrow
6.在there be句型中。
（二）只用which不用that
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。
2.位于介词后面时。
3.先行词本身就是that时。
（三）介词 + which / whom
1.在“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句中， which用于指物， whom用于指人。
2.关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which
▲ look after, take care of, look for等固定词组，介词不可分开。
▲介词选定
根据从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配，先行词同介词的常规搭配来选择；
根据句子的意思来选择。
（四）as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
搭配 谓语动词常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，例如see,hear,know,expect,hope 无动词的限制
（五）关系词可以省略的情况
在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在从句中充当宾语，可以省略。
the way作先行词,关系词（that /in which/省略）。
备注：
英语术语：
定语从句:relative clauses
先行词：antecedent
关系词:relatives
关系代词：relative pronouns
关系副词：relative adverbs
非限制性定语:Non-restrictive relative clauses
限制性定语:restrictive relative clauses
怎么选择恰当的关系词:
划出从句；找先行词；判断从句缺什么成分。
怎样用关系词合并句子：
1)找出两句话的共同名词；
2)确定其中一句为主句；
3)用关系词替代从句的相同名词；
4)把定语从句放在主句的相同名词后。
诗人介绍：
Li Bai（李白）
1.Li Bai was born in Tang dynasty. He wrote many famous poems.
2.The Tranquil Night （静夜思）is one of his famous poems.
3.Li Bai is best known for his rich imagination and striking imagery in his poety,
4.People refer to him as the “Poetic immortal”for the reason.
Tranquil/ tr kw l/
Li Shangyin（李商隐）
1.Li Shangyin was a Chinese poet of the late Tang Dynasty and born in Henei.
2.Li Shangyin was a typical late Tang poet. His works are sensuous, dense and allusive.
3.His most famous and cryptic poem is called Jin Se.
sensuous/ sen u s/ , dense/dens/ and allusive/ lu n/ .敏感、晦涩、含沙射影。
Shangguan Wan’er（上官婉儿）
1. Shangguan Wan’er was a talented woman in Tang dynasty.
2. She was put in an important position by Wu Zetian for her wit and good writing.
3.Reproach in a Letter on Colored Paper《彩书怨》is one of her most famous works
4.The poem expresses the poet’s eagerness to miss her husband.
Xu Zhimo（徐志摩）
Xu Zhimo was well-known modern poet.
His original name was Zhangxu(章垿).
He published many poems .
Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again is a famous poem. It is known to us.
Su Shi （苏轼）
1.Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou. His courtesy name was Zidan and his literary name Dongpo Jushi.苏轼,字子瞻，号东坡居士, 眉州眉山人。
2.Su Shi is excellent in prose, shi and ci.苏轼在文、诗、词方面很出色。
3.He is regarded as the representative of the literature in the Song Dynasty.他被视为宋代文学的代表人物。
4.His father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe were also renowned literati at that time.其父亲苏询、弟弟苏辙在当时也是著名的文人。literati/ l t rɑ ti/文人学士
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