2024 年高考英语预测模拟题精选-阅读理解之说明文（含解析）

2024 年高考英语必考题型终极预测-阅读理解之说明文
（2024·河南开封 · 统考一模）Several years ago, Sibill Schilter, a student at the University of Zurich, learned that her school was hiring people to test whether a smartphone App could help someone change their personality
traits. Curious to learn more about herself, Schilter signed up. Maybe, she thought, she was a little too agreeable.
For decades, psychologists have debated whether these traits are fixed or changeable. The study that Schilter participated in was designed to test whether using an App daily for three months would be enough to create noticeable
and lasting personality changes. Each participant chose one trait they wanted to increase or decrease.
The App, called PEACH (PErsonality coACH), works like a diary, a dashboard (仪表板), and a text messaging channel rolled into one. On the dashboard, users can see an overview of their goals, a calendar that shows their progress, and their tasks for the week. For instance, someone who wants to bemore careful may be assigned to do homework for one hour after coming home from classes. The App sends the user two push notifications every day to
remind him/her, and if the user makes progress, it will show up on the dashboard.
Users can also talk with a sort of digital coach, a chatbot also named “Peach”, about their daily activities. The chatbot might ask which task they are working on or how stressed they are. Users can also choose to complete a daily diary, doing a self-assessment of five main personality traits. (For example: How would you describe yourself today
— shy or outgoing )
In a study published in February in Proceedings of the National, Academy of Sciences the researchers concluded that the App works. The study was conducted with 1,523 pared to the control group, the users who
received the smartphone intervention showed more self-reported personality trait changes toward their goals.
Overall, friends, family members, or close partners who volunteered to observe the participants also noticed the personality changes, with both self-reported and observer-reported changes existing for three months after the end of
the study.
1 ．Why did Sibill Schilter sign up for the test
A ．To understand her personality better. B ．To make changes to a smartphone App.
C ．To make friends with outgoing people. D ．To learn more about goal-setting.
2 ．What are participants required to do before the test
A ．To use the App for three months. B ．To learn to establish realistic goals.
C ．To share their dream with each other. D ．To consider the changes they want to make.
3 ．How does the App remind its users of their tasks
A ．By sending out a special signal. B ．By requiring them to keep a diary.
C ．By sending messages to them. D ．By displaying their goals constantly.
4 ．What can we learn about the results of the study
A ．The App needs to be improved in many ways.
B ．The App turns the users more outgoing.
C ．The App can also influence the observers’ behavior.
D ．The App has a lasting effect on the users’ personalities.
（2024· 河 南 开封 · 统 考 一模 ）Rocks, cliffs and quarries, not much for most of us to look at, but for
paleontologist (古生物学者) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.
That tale is Earth’s history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life. Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were tom apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded. These are the lost worlds that Knoll
has explored and shed light on.
“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical and puts things in perspective. He’s not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so and so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of
everything that’s going on at the time,” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.
Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school. “I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you’d break this rock open and you’d see something that no human being has ever seen. That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have
an idea that no one else has had.”
His popular science book A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action. “Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years,” Knoll wrote. “You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain. Once it was their world, and now it’s yours,” he continued. “The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is
that you can comprehend the past and envision the future. The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your
responsibility. What happens next is up to you.”
5 ．What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll’s eyes
A ．The physical properties of rocks. B ．The history of humans on the Earth.
C ．The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters. D ．The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.
6 ．Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE
A ．He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.
B ．He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.
C ．He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.
D ．He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.
7 ．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “mesmerized” in Paragraph 4
A ．Puzzled. B ．Fascinated. C ．Distracted. D ．Affected.
8 ．What’s the purpose of the passage
A ．To illustrate the significance of fossils. B ．To market a book on the Earth’s history.
C ．To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas. D ．To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.
（2024·陕西咸阳 · 统考一模）If you’ve seen the film Finding Nemo, you might remember the character Dory and her attempts to speak “whale”. Now a team of scientists say they could be one step closer to doing that. They
used computer technology to analyze whale sounds and think they have translated their first whale word.
Sperm whales don’t speak a “language” in the same way as humans do, but they communicate by using a series of clicks. Scientists from Project CETI, an organization dedicated to translating sperm whale language, have spent years listening to the creatures. They have placed microphones on whales and planted underwater microphones off
the coast of the Caribbean island of Dominica to overhear the animals’conversations.
Now the team is using artificial intelligence(AI, computer technology that allows a machine to imitate human intelligence by learning as it goes along) to find patterns in the whales’ sounds. The scientists have been trying to match the sound patterns with the whales’ behavior to see if certain “words” match certain actions. This could reveal
the meaning of each individual sound or set of sounds.
So far, the scientists think they understand the signal for “dive”. They have also mapped out a kind of sperm whale phonetic alphabet (phonetic means turning sounds into symbols). However, like Dory, they have a long way
to go before they can truly speak “whale”. Unlocking the language of sperm whales could help to protect them.
Whales are an important part of marine (海洋) ecosystems all over the world. Their bodies also store large amounts of carbon, which helps to reduce pollution in the atmosphere. If humans spoke “whale”, it could be possible to warn them away from dangerous objects and areas, such as fishing nets they can become tangled in or shallow shorelines
where they can get stranded.
9 ．How do sperm whales interact with each other
A ．By making sounds.
B ．By using microphones.
C ．By tail movements.
D ．By eye contact.
10 ．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A ．Giving an example to show that whales don't speak a language.
B ．Presenting new evidence on the interaction methods of whales.
C ．Introducing a scientific way to locate the position of the whales.
D ．Employing a novel approach to interpret the whale’s language.
11 ．What could be a possible benefit of speaking “whale”
A ．To imitate the sounds made by whales.
B ．To understand the behavior of fishers.
C ．To tell whales about potential danger.
D ．To reduce pollution in the atmosphere.
12 ．What is the author’s attitude towards the project
A ．Unclear.
B ．Hopeful.
C ．Doubtful.
D ．Indifferent.
（2024·陕西咸阳 · 统考一模）Can you imagine getting a tooth pulled out or other major dental procedures without pain-killer A scientist colleague of mine used a “focus in” technique instead of requesting pain-killer at the dentist. Each time the dentist touched the tooth, my colleague felt bubbles of joy, and this lasted until the dentist
interrupted by asking, “Why are you smiling ”
A fair question at this point is why anyone would want to be fully aware of intense or painful procedures. But what may sound like a punishing choice—to directly face hurt or suffering—may in some instances be beneficial. A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. In addition, all of us can gain from finding ways to cope with stress and suffering—particularly when larger circumstances are beyond our control. As a researcher who has studied meditation (冥想) for more than 20 years, I believe that the development of calmness, a central element of certain mindfulness meditation practices, can help. I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous or painful positions. But when we push ourselves into challenging or confusing situations, much like trainers who push athletes just past their comfort zone to make gains, learning often happens. Indeed, a 2022 study with more than 2,000 people demonstrated that those participants who were publicly encouraged to push themselves into awkward, uncomfortable situations—including taking classes to boost self-confidence and reading about opposing viewpoints—later reported the greatest degree of personal
growth.
My own research indicates that meditation provides an ideal way to practice turning toward discomfort- particularly when it trains up one’s calm mind. People who reported higher levels of calmness reported less
psychological distress (困扰).
Right now people are hurting for many reasons and looking for ways to cope. Without question, there are many important steps we need to take collectively to respond to these challenges. But we can each build our ability to recover on a personal level as well by cultivating greater acceptance of our experience—good or bad, painful or
pleasant—in the present moment.
13 ．The author uses the first question in Paragraph 1 to .
A ．introduce the topic.
B ．illustrate an argument.
C ．highlight an opinion.
D ．promote a pain-killer.
14 ．What is the benefit of turning towards discomfort and negative emotions
A ．It helps in avoiding suffering fully.
B ．It increases psychological distress.
C ．It leads to personal growth.
D ．It promotes a sense of calmness.
15 ．What is the author’s view on putting oneself in dangerous or painful positions
A ．The author encourages it as a way to improve fitness.
B ．The author discourages it due to its potential harm.
C ．The author believes it is necessary for personal growth.
D ．The author recommends it to those confused trainers.
16 ．What can be a suitable title for the text
A ．Turning Towards Discomfort: My Experience of Staying Stressful and Successful
B ．Expanding Comfort Zones: The Difference Between Discomfort and Calmness
C ．Mindfulness and Meditation: The Tools for Dealing with Stress and Suffering
D ．Cultivating Calmness: The Benefits of Mindfulness in Enjoying Dental Operation
（2024·四川攀枝花 · 统考二模） Recently I’ve been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better “me”. The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I
just can’t go past.
The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and sensitive topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others’ expectations. It’s a way of thinking that
allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.
These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it’s easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments. You’ll find yourself doing household
chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.
You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarizing (两极分化) and I certainly don’t agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that’s the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly
uncomfortable soul-searching.
17 ．Which category does the book belong to
A ．Self-improvement. B ．Philosophy theory.
C ．Collection of experiences. D ．Biography of Alfred Adler.
18 ．Which statement might the fictional philosopher agree with
A ．People are free of their past influence. B ．People can take charge of their life course.
C ．People should live up to others’ expectations. D ．People ought to take their limitations seriously.
19 ．How does the book develop
A ．By listing sufficient data. B ．By making comparisons.
C ．By following the time line. D ．By presenting dialogues.
20 ．Why is the book popular with readers
A ．It shows ideas in plain language. B ．It displays the scientific statistics.
C ．It offers balanced sides to the topics. D ．It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
（2024·四川攀枝花 · 统考二模）Baby seabirds that have not yet hatched communicate with their siblings (兄
弟姐妹) in neighboring eggs by vibrating (震动) their shells (蛋壳), scientists have discovered.
A study of yellow-legged gulls revealed one of the known examples of embryo-to-embryo communication. When exposed to the alarm calls of an adult bird responding to a dangerous predator, developing chicks apparently
were able to convey the presence of danger to their nest mates by vibrating inside their eggs.
The team collected 9 yellow-legged gull eggs from Sálvora Island and sorted them into nests of three. When the eggs were six days off hatching, two of the three eggs in each nest were temporarily removed from the nest and exposed to either a recording of a predator alarm call or white noise each day until the chicks hatched. The noise was
delivered four times a day at random for three minutes at a time. The third egg from each group remained in the nest.
It was found that the embryos in the shells responded to the external alarm calls by vibrating and sounding less, and that this message appeared to be passed on to the third nestmate. It was seen to copy the vibrations. It experienced
genetic changes and had an increase in the production of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) as well.
“This kind of communication—embryo to embryo—can generate developmental changes that can have potential
benefits to the birds after hatching,” said Noguera, the lead author of the study.
A rise in stress hormones makes birds more aware of their surroundings after hatching. When hatched chicks were exposed to alarm sounds, it was found that those who had listened to the noises previously in the eggs were
quicker to run away and hide.
Noguera said the phenomenon was likely to occur in other bird species. His team now plans to investigate whether the chicks are able to pick up other clues about their external environment before hatching, such as how
many other eggs are in the nest.
21 ．What do the unhatched birds mean to do by vibrating shells
A ．Fight with a predator. B ．Play with their nest mates.
C ．Seek care from adult birds. D ．Warn others of danger.
22 ．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A ．The theoretical base of the experiment. B ．The subjects of the experiment.
C ．The process of the experiment. D ．The findings of the experiment.
23 ．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to
A ．The presence of danger. B ．The external environment.
C ．The third egg in the nest. D ．The embryo-to-embryo communication.
24 ．What’s the benefit of developing chicks’ sharing information
A ．It makes them mature earlier. B ．It helps them adapt to life after hatching.
C ．It allows them to develop physically. D ．It strengthens bonds with their siblings.
（2024·四川绵阳 · 统考二模）Since the growth of online streaming services like Netflix, subtitling (加字幕)
has become something of an art.
Subtitles started out as an accessibility feature for deaf audiences, and to translate foreign language films into your own. Of course, it’s not just deaf audiences that subtitles help. The translated subtitles of foreign films are great for learning languages, letting you read and hear how it’s pronounced at the same time. Movie subtitles are written ahead of time, but subtitling for live TV has to be done in the moment as the person is speaking, so mistakes are likely to happen. But because subtitles can be everything, from monster squelches (扑哧声) to bombs exploding, it’s
a great way to learn many things, such as new adjectives.
Subtitler Karli Witkowska explained how her choice of adjective creates emotion for the audience. Karli belongs to a team of subtitlers who try to make their descriptions as close as possible to the sounds they hear. Karli bases her descriptions on the film’s type. The sound effects needed for a thriller like Strange Things-creaking (吱嘎) stairs and sudden screams-are very different from the sounds used in historical period dramas. This influences the adjective
Karli chooses to describe a sound. For example, light-hearted and cheerful music might be described as jaunty-full
of energy and confidence.
Another time, her team found exactly the right expression “gobsmacked silence”. In this scene, the characters were about to gasp-take in a short, sudden, and quick breath of air without speech or sound in the scene, you are able to tell people that atmosphere. “So when my colleague came up with that one, I definitely gave him a big thumb-up”,
she said.
In fact, the phrase “gobsmacked silence” is so good that it goes viral (走红) and is being used in all kinds of
situations.
25 ．What does the writer want to convey about subtitling in Paragraph 2
A ．It helps solve learning problems.
B ．It helps people to stay concentrated.
C ．It can be important and challenging.
D ．It improves ability of understanding.
26 ．Which emotion does “gobsmacked silence” possibly express
A ．Sad. B ．Hopeful. C ．Disappointed. D ．Surprised.
27 ．What does Karli think of her teammate’s work
A ．It needs improving. B ．It’s well done.
C ．It makes her speechless. D ．It’s very popular.
28 ．Which of the following statement will Karli possibly agree with
A ．Subtitling is difficult but fashionable.
B ．Subtitlers are often some strange persons.
C ．Subtitlers are those who create new words.
D ．Subtitling involves translating sounds accurately.
（2024·四川遂宁 · 统考一模） Here’re some of the excellent inventions in 2023. Which one do you like most
Whiter Paint
The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,”
says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created the paint.
Duolingo app
Now you can take music lessons on a smartphone, using this app, which uses an on-screen piano to teach basics such as harmony and beat. You learn by interacting with more than 200 popular pieces of music. Just match sounds to notes and play along. “You don’t need natural talent to learn music,” says Karen Chow, who’s a learning scientist
at Duolingo.
Model A
Model A, developed by Alef Aeronautics, is a two-seat all-electric vehicle with a flight range of 110 miles. And it looks as if it were made to be parked in a garage. In July, 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration gave Ale f
permission to take the vehicle on test flights. The company hopes to deliver the first Model A by 2026.
Moonwalkers
They’re actually battery-powered shoes with wheels. They let you walk normally—just faster and more easily. Moonwalkers, made by Shift Robotics, use AI to sense when you’re speeding up or slowing down, and adjust
themselves accordingly. With it, you can walk at speeds up to seven miles per hour.
29 ．What is special about Whiter Paint
A ．It warms our buildings. B ．It powers air conditioners.
C ．It makes us feel cooler. D ．It absorbs more sunlight.
30 ．Which one is being tested
A ．Whiter Paint. B ．Duolingo app.
C ．Moonwalkers. D ．Model A .
31 ．What do the listed inventions have in common
A ．They are supported by AI technology. B ．They can help us live an easier life.
C ．They were created by college teams. D ．They are favored by the disabled.
（2023· 四川达州 · 统考一模 ）As is a very common phenomenon, students are listening to music while studying or doing homework. In libraries, many choose to isolate themselves from the outside wearing headphones, and the same is true of some offices. Whether or not there is isolation, however, what these people have in common
is that they see music as a tool that can improve concentration and productivity in general.
But is it true Does music really help us focus better on what we’redoing, whether it’s memorizing text, studying
complex topics, or writing projects
Scientific studies have been carried out on this subject for many decades among other things, because if music can be used to improve the performance of students or workers, this information can be very useful for organizations
able to finance this type of study.
For example, the results of a study were published in 1972 and it was designed to try to better understand the relationship between listening to melodies and changes in productivity. Through a series of observations, there was
an increase in the performance of workers when listening to music from loudspeakers.
However, this study was the daughter of its time, and was only used to study a very specific and representative working context of the time: that of factories. Workforce tasks were repetitive, predictable and boring, and the music acted as a stimulant of mental activity. As the work was more rewarding and enjoyable, the productivity results were
also better.
Other research that took place later served to reinforce (加强) the idea that music improves the performance of routine tasks. This was good news, but what about the most complex and creative jobs — those which cannot be carried out by machines What about studying complex academic programs, which cannot be memorized literally
but need to be understood and mentally worked on
32 ．How does the author find the idea that music can improve concentration
A ．Curious. B ．Opposed. C ．Supportive. D ．Doubtful.
33 ．What was the finding of the study in 1972 about listening to music
A ．It didn’t make any difference. B ．It improved workers’ efficiency.
C ．It held back the creative workers. D ．It made workforce tasks more boring.
34 ．What was the shortcoming of the study in 1972
A ．The lack of researchers. B ．The short time of research.
C ．The limitation of times. D ．The small number of participants.
35 ．What would be talked about in next paragraphs
A ．How listening to music affects creative jobs.
B ．Whether listening to music helps routine tasks.
C ．Why people like listening to music when working.
D ．What kind of music helps people improve their performance.
（2024·贵州 · 校联考一模）A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠)
can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by
developing an eco-conscious alternative.
In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids (氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. In a test, glass beads made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the bead and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study showshow the mice’s bodies
broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur
grew back. “Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,” the researchers wrote in their
paper.
Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. To overcome this problem, the researchers chemically modified amino acids using the heating-cooling process tailored for manufacturing the new glass. This is
when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.
“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale
commercialization,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release.
36 ．What has been found after researchers implanted glass beads inside mice
A ．The gradual degradation of the beads. B ．The recycling process of the beads.
C ．Swollen wound sites of the mice. D ．Apparent weight losses of the mice.
37 ．What makes the stability of the new glass possible
A ．The enhanced durability through chemical adjustment.
B ．The adoption of traditional glass manufacturing procedures.
C ．The prolonged exposure to heat during glass production.
D ．The rapid degradation of amino acids in the environment.
38 ．What is Yan Xuehua’s attitude toward the study
A ．Disapproving. B ．Objective.
C ．Ambiguous. D ．Dismissive.
39 ．What is the main idea of the text
A ．Amino acids make eco-friendly glass durable.
B ．Biodegradable glass gains popularity in the market.
C ．Biodegradable glass offers a solution to ecological sustainability.
D ．Amino acids provide inspiration in glass manufacturing.
（2024·贵州 · 校联考一模）Food forests, also known as forest gardens or edible forests, are appearing in urban settings across the US as a unique way to help food-insecure communities. They imitate the structure and functioning of natural forest ecosystems that produce various edible plants for the community, which reduces reliance on external
food sources and promotes food self-sufficiency.
Food forests can maximize food production in a given area. In a regular garden, you’re probably only planting vegetables along the ground. While this can provide a great harvest, it leaves a lot of space unused. Now imagine you are planting a fruit tree. On the shady side, you add some shade-tolerant berries, and on the sunny side you add some sun-loving berries. At the base of the sun-loving berries, you plant some annual vegetables and herbs. This food forest
would result in a truly splendid harvest that would dwarf what a regular garden the same size could provide.
The genius of a food forest lies in its designed cultivation of beneficial interactions between different plant species. For instance, some plants might enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen, a natural fertilizer for neighboring vegetation, while others naturally attract beneficial insects, providing a built-in pest control mechanism. These strategic connections lead to reduced dependency on labor inputs and create an environment that is hardy and
sustainable.
Food forests require ongoing care and maintenance, which often involves the participation of community members. This cooperative effort develops a sense of shared responsibility and brings people together to work towards a common munity members can come together to learn about planting techniques, sustainable gardening practices, and the benefits of native plants. This shared learning experience creates a platform for
exchanging ideas and skills, promoting a sense of self-reliance within the community.
40 ．What are food forests intended for
A ．Improving food quality in America.
B ．Protecting natural forest ecosystems.
C ．Beautifying the urban living environment.
D ．Providing food sources for the community.
41 ．What does the underlined word “dwarf” in paragraph 2 mean
A ．Strengthen. B ．Overshadow. C ．Widen. D ．Enlarge.
42 ．What does the example in paragraph 3 indicate
A ．Food forests can help increase the diversity of species.
B ．Food forests require considerable labor inputs to maintain.
C ．Plants in food forests can benefit one another in some ways.
D ．The pest control mechanism in food forests is favorable to soil.
43 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．Planting techniques determine the yield of food forests.
B ．The maintenance of food forests is costly and complicated.
C ．Food forests serve as a bond to bring community members closer.
D ．Food forests have become a popular gathering spot in the communities.
（2024·广西 · 校联考模拟预测）One of the reasons why so many people listen to music during exercise is that it has a number of benefits. The research around the positive influences of music during exercise was reviewed in a
paper in the February 2020 issue of Psychological Bulletin.
Probably the biggest influence of music on exercise, based on these findings, is that listening to music during exercise can make you feel better about what you have done. Experiments find that people feel more positive about the exercise when they have listened to music than when they have not. The impact of music didn’t depend on the
intensity of the exercise, and the effect appeared for both trained and untrained athletes.
Music also seems to reduce people’s feeling of how much they are exerting themselves. That is, at the same level of intensity of activity, listening to music can make you feel like you are exerting less effort than you would feel without music. Some studies have also shown that when athletes are free to set their own exertion level, they are willing to exercise more intensely with music than without. For some people (particularly when they are early in their
training), music helps them focus on the music rather than on pain.
Music also appears to have a small effect on performance overall. Athletes perform better both during exercise and while engaging in their sport when there is music. In the studies analyzed, fast music, with a tempo greater than
120 beats-per-minute, was more effective than slow music. Interestingly, it doesn’t seem to matter whether the athlete
chooses the music or whether it is chosen by someone else. So, the playlists selected by the teachers of an exercise
class you’re taking may work even if you don’t love all of the songs.
The one place where music doesn’t seem to have much of an impact is on physiological functioning. The heart
rate of an athlete is not consistently affected by music.
44 ．What is the main benefit of listening to music during exercise
A ．Improving performance.
B ．Providing entertainment.
C ．Reducing the effort of training.
D ．Feeling better about the workout.
45 ．What does the underlined word “exerting themselves” mean in Paragraph 3
A ．Try hard. B ．Break down. C ．Growing up. D ．Come back.
46 ．What type of music has been found to be most effective in improving athletes’ performance
A ．Soft music. B ．Calm music. C ．Gentle music. D ．Rapid-paced music.
47 ．How does music affect an athlete’s physiological functioning during exercise
A ．It consistently increases their heart rate.
B ．It consistently decreases their heart rate.
C ．It depends on the intensity of the exercise.
D ．It has no consistent influence on their heart rate.
（2024·江西 · 校联考二模） On Christmas Eve, a team of reindeer (驯鹿) will help Santa Claus deliver gifts to children all around the world. The reindeer, led by their fearless leader Rudolph, won’t be the only ones doing
something special. Back in the highest Arctic, their cousins have a remarkable ability changing their eye color.
During the summer months, when the days are long and the sun is bright, reindeer’s tapetum lucidum (荧光膜), a mirror-like layer at the back of their eye, appears golden, which helps bounce the majority of light off the eyes, effectively acting like a pair of natural sunglasses. As winter comes, and the days become shorter and darker, the tapetum lucidum turns blue to absorb more light, allowing reindeer to improve their nightvision and see clear in low
light conditions.
With these adaptations, reindeer can adapt and thrive in one of the harshest environments on Earth. Unlike
humans, reindeer can see well into the shorter Ultra Violet (UV) range. This UV vision enables them to spot food
and predators more effectively in the snowy landscape. Lichens, a key part of their winter diet, absorb UV, so they show up dark against UV-reflecting white snow. Wolf and polar bear fur also absorb UV, so instead of disappearing
against snow they pop out in high contrast, allowing reindeer to spot potential threats from a distance.
Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made of collagen fibers. In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum to mainly reflect blue light. This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils (瞳孔). In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer
reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
But their unique adaptation may hurt them. Today, the increasing use of artificial lighting, especially during the winter months, poses a potential threat to their sensitive eyes. It can make reindeer lose their way, affecting their ability to survive in their challenging environment. So it is crucial for us to be mindful of our use of electricity and
make efforts to minimize light pollution to ensure the well-being and survival of these magnificent creatures.
48 ．What do we know from paragraph 2
A ．The shape of reindeer’s eyes varies with seasons.
B ．It is difficult for reindeer to live in low light conditions.
C ．The tapetum lucidum helps reindeer adapt to seasonal changes.
D ．Reindeer’s eyes appear golden in winter while blue in summer.
49 ．What is the use of UV vision for reindeer
A ．To help them see clear in dark nights.
B ．To distinguish food of different colors quickly.
C ．To protect their eyes from harsh sunlight in summer.
D ．To better locate food and enemies during snowy days.
50 ．What does the underlined word “dilate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A ．Relax. B ．Expand. C ．Narrow. D ．Hide.
51 ．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A ．To call on people to protect reindeer from light pollution.
B ．To show the reasons for the decline in reindeer population.
C ．To present humans’ great efforts to reduce artificial lighting.
D ．To prove reindeer’s strong adaptability to harsh environments.
（2024·江西 · 校联考二模 ）To earnest HEMINGWAY, Paris was a movable feast. To a bedbug, so are Parisians. In videos on social media, the seats of the city’s metro are seen filled with bedbugs, tiny bloodsucking
insects no bigger than apple seeds.
The health risk from bedbugs is minor: itchy (发痒的) bites and a small risk of allergies and secondary infections. As the present panic suggests, the bigger impact tends to be psychological, says entomologist Clive Boase. Mosquitoes, leeches and other parasites (寄生虫) are unpleasant, but they do not colonize your home. If a traveler
brings bedbugs back from their holidays, the insects can start an invasion that can be very difficult to shift.
Schadenfreude among the non-French is unwise.“ There won’t be a city without bedbugs,” says Boase. DNA analysis suggests that the pests evolved from parasites that lived on bats, with which humans shared caves, and on birds, which may have nested in early thatched(茅草盖的) roofs. That may explain the one bit of good news about them. Mosquitoes spread malaria(疟疾), dengue fever and yellow fever. But no human pathogen(病原体) is known
to use bedbugs as a vector-perhaps because there has not been time for one to evolve the ability.
Bedbugs favor warm environments with plenty of dark places to hide. Cities, and crowded blocks of Hats, are ideal. The bugs shelter in the crannies (裂缝) of furniture, in mattress scams or in cracks in walls, coming out to feed
at night. Centrally heated homes accelerate their life cycles, making the problem worse as does a warming climate.
The introduction and widespread use of insecticides in the aftermath of World War II came close to wiping out the bugs from most houses. But that chemical attack placed a powerful evolutionary pressure on the insects to develop resistance to the poisons. Just as bacteria have evolved resistance to many of the antibiotics that used to kill them,
modern bedbugs are almost free from at least some insecticides.
Scientists are therefore turning to other methods of attack. Diatomaceous earth can kill the bugs by desiccating them. Certain oils can block the pores through which they breathe. Temperatures above 45°Care also effective. Some firms offer to heat-treat affected furniture in insulated tents. Such treatments are expensive, however. New insecticides, to which the bugs have no resistance, could probably be invented. But for now, at least, says Boase, the
market does not exist to justify much corporate research. And since the bugs do not spread diseases, public health
bodies have more pressing priorities. If bedbugs continue to spread, though, their focuses could start to shift.
52 ．According to the article, bedbugs are insects that .
A ．are as small as apple seeds B ．are impossible to get rid of
C ．pose a serious health risk to humans D ．usually feed on human blood in broad daylight
53 ．According to the article, bedbugs are everywhere because
①warm cities provide ideal environments for them
②overseas travel helps them spread across the world
③they’ve lost the ability to spread infectious diseases
④they’ve become resistant to some chemical insecticides
A.①②③ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.②③④
54 ．The last paragraph mainly talks about some ways of getting rid of bedbugs that are .
A ．alternative ... costly B ．innovative... inefficient
C ．expensive... complicated D ．eco-friendly ... inconvenient
55 ．According to the author, the prospects for new insecticides against bedbugs are .
A ．Exciting B ．uncertain C ．discouraging D ．unimaginable
（2024·江西萍乡 · 萍乡中学校考一模）Some people get more averse to risk as the years go by. Not so Gail
MacCallum, who at age 40 quit a secure job and left the city to explore more possibilities of life.
MacCallum moved quite a bit in childhood and spent her formative years outside Canberra in a farmhouse without electricity, where she enjoyed the freedom of the natural world. In her teens, she and her family moved into
the heart of inner-city Sydney, and she found she adored that too.
In 2015, MacCallum and her then partner had a daughter, Amelia. They wanted to make sure that despite being a city kid, Amelia had plenty of natural encounters so they sought out places to climb trees, watch lizards and spot turtles. But one day MacCallum realised her little girl was more at ease with busy streets than bushland. “When she was about seven, we were visiting a friend whose place had a beautiful lawn. Amelia called out to me and said, ‘I can’t go into the wild!’ We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months later we were in a
camper van heading off around Australia.”
MacCallum admits she felt worried. “I thought we’d need to know some basic things but the trip was like a leap in the dark. ” As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes into the trip. But after repairs they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer. “That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can start
something and just work it out as you go along.”
56 ．What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean
A ．Motivated. B ．Confident. C ．Unwilling. D ．Regretful.
57 ．What do we know about MacCallum
A ．She is a person in favor of stability.
B ．She preferred the inner city to the rural area.
C ．Her love for nature was rooted in her childhood.
D ．She knew much about long-distance travelling.
58 ．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A ．Amelia was raised in a casual way.
B ．Amelia was a nature enthusiast just like her parents.
C ．MacCallum and her partner planned the trip separately.
D ．MacCallum expected her daughter to be close to nature.
59 ．Which words can best describe their trip
A ．Costly but satisfying. B ．Eventful but educational.
C ．Boring but meaningful. D ．Difficult but romantic.
参考答案：
1 ．A 2 ．D 3 ．C 4 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一款智能手机应用 PEACH 可以帮助人们改变个性特征，介绍
了 PEACH 的工作方式以及起研究结果。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“Several years ago, Sibill Schilter, a student at the University of Zurich, learned that her school was hiring people to test whether a smartphone App could help someone change their personality traits.
Curious to learn more about herself, Schilter signed up. Maybe, she thought, she was a little too agreeable.(几年
前，苏黎世大学的学生西比尔 · 席尔特得知，她所在的学校正在雇人测试一款智能手机应用是否能帮助人们 改变个性特征。出于对更多了解自己的好奇，席尔特报名了。也许，她想，她有点太随和了)”可知，西比
尔 · 席尔特报名参加这个测试是为了更好地了解她的个性。故选 A。
2 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each participant chose one trait they wanted to increase or decrease.(每个参与者 选择一个他们想要增加或减少的特征)”可知，在测试前，参与者需要考虑他们想要做出的改变。故选 D 。 3 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“The App sends the user two push notifications every day to remind him/her, and if
the user makes progress, it will show up on the dashboard.(App 每天向用户发送两次推送通知，提醒用户，如
果用户取得进展，就会显示在仪表板上)”可知，应用程序通过给用户发信息提醒用户他们的任务。故选
C。
4 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Overall, friends, family members, or close partners who volunteered to observe the participants also noticed the personality changes, with both self-reported and observer-reported changes existing for three months after the end of the study.(总的来说，自愿观察参与者的朋友、家人或亲密伴侣也注意到了性 格的变化，在研究结束后的三个月里，自我报告和观察者报告的变化都存在)”可知，研究发现，这款应用
对用户的性格有持久的影响。故选 D。
5 ．D 6 ．C 7 ．B 8 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了古生物学家安德鲁 ·诺尔认为岩石、悬崖和采石场可以告诉我们
地球在很长一段时间内的进化，并且他试图对化石的形成提供一个更全面的观点。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“That tale is Earth’s history—how the planet went from a rock covered in magma
(岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life. Between those inhospitable beginnings and now,
continents formed and were tom apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded.
These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.(这个故事就是地球的历史——地球是如何从 一个被岩浆海洋覆盖的岩石变成一个充满生命的绿色和蓝色球体的。在那些荒凉的开端和现在之间，大陆 形成又分开，山脉出现又消失，冰盖扩张又消退。这些都是诺尔探索和揭示的失落世界)”可知，岩石、悬
崖和采石场可以告诉我们地球在很长一段时间内的进化。故选 D。
6 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“He really tries to integrate all the available data—the geological, the biological and the chemical and puts things in perspective. He’s not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so and so and it came from this time period.’(他真的试图整合所有可用的数据——地质的、生物的和化学的，并把事 情看得更清楚。他不只是一个看着化石说， ‘ 哦，这是某某，它来自这个时期。 ’)”可知， C 选项“他试图对
化石的形成提供一个更全面的观点”正确。故选 C。
7 ．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that
you’d break this rock open and you’d see something that no human being has ever seen. That was a wonderful,
wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.( 我还记 得我 12 岁时的感觉，那就是你把这块石头打开，你会看到一些人类从未见过的东西。这是一个非常非常 棒的想法，如果我发现了别人没有的东西或想法，我仍然会很兴奋)”可知，他第一次被化石迷住是在他上
小学的时候。故划线词意思是“着迷的” 。故选 B。
8 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Rocks, cliffs and quarries, not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学者) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.(岩石、悬崖和采石场，对我们大多 数人来说没什么可看的，但对古生物学家安德鲁 ·诺尔来说，它们充满了意义，讲述着一个故事)”结合文章 主要说明了古生物学家安德鲁 ·诺尔认为岩石、悬崖和采石场可以告诉我们地球在很长一段时间内的进化，
并且他试图对化石的形成提供一个更全面的观点。可推知，文章的目的是介绍一位古生物学家和他的观
点。故选 C。
9 ．A 10 ．D 11 ．C 12 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家正在使用计算机技术分析鲸鱼的声音，并认为他们已
经翻译了第一个鲸鱼单词。
9 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sperm whales don’t speak a “language” in the same way as humans do, but they communicate by using a series of clicks.(抹香鲸说“语言” 的方式与人类不同，但它们通过一系列的点击来交
流。 )”可知，抹香鲸是通过发出声音来交谈的。故选 A。
10 ．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now the team is using artificial intelligence(AI, computer technology that allows
a machine to imitate human intelligence by learning as it goes along) to find patterns in the whales’ sounds. The
scientists have been trying to match the sound patterns with the whales’ behavior to see if certain “words” match
certain actions. This could reveal the meaning of each individual sound or set of sounds.(现在，该团队正在使用 人工智能（人工智能，计算机技术，允许机器通过学习来模仿人类智能）来寻找鲸鱼声音的模式。科学家 们一直试图将声音模式与鲸鱼的行为相匹配，看看某些“单词”是否与某些动作相匹配。这可以揭示每个单 独的声音或一组声音的含义。 )”可知，第三段主要讲述了科学家正在采用一种新颖的方法来解释鲸鱼的语
言。故选 D。
11 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If humans spoke “whale”, it could be possible to warn them away from
dangerous objects and areas, such as fishing nets they can become tangled in or shallow shorelines where they can get stranded.(如果人类说“鲸鱼话” ，就可以警告它们远离危险的物体和区域，例如可能缠住它们的渔网或可
能困住它们的浅海岸线)”可知，如果人类说“鲸鱼语” ，就可以告诉鲸鱼它们潜在的危险。故选 C。
12 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Unlocking the language of sperm whales could help to protect them. Whales
are an important part of marine (海洋) ecosystems all over the world. Their bodies also store large amounts of
carbon, which helps to reduce pollution in the atmosphere. If humans spoke “whale”, it could be possible to warn
them away from dangerous objects and areas, such as fishing nets they can become tangled in or shallow shorelines
where they can get stranded.(解锁抹香鲸的语言有助于保护它们。鲸鱼是世界各地海洋生态系统的重要组成 部分。它们的身体还储存大量的碳，这有助于减少大气污染。如果人类说“鲸鱼话” ，就可以警告它们远离 危险的物体和区域，例如可能缠住它们的渔网或可能困住它们的浅海岸线。 )”可推知，作者认为这个项目
有助于保护鲸鱼，由此可推知，作者对该项目的态度是满怀希望的，故选 B。
13 ．A 14 ．C 15 ．B 16 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了正念冥想可以帮助我们应对压力和痛苦。
13 ．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Can you imagine getting a tooth pulled out or other major dental procedures
without pain-killer (你能想象在没有止痛药的情况下拔牙或进行其他主要牙科手术吗？ )”和第二段中“A
stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. In addition, all of us can gain from finding ways to cope with stress and suffering—particularly when larger circumstances are beyond our control. As a researcher who has studied meditation (冥想) for more than 20
years, I believe that the development of calmness, a central element of certain mindfulness meditation practices,
can help.(一系列科学文章表明，接受不适或负面情绪是有好处的。此外，我们所有人都可以从找到应对压 力和痛苦的方法中获益——特别是当更大的情况超出我们的控制范围时。作为一名研究冥想 20 多年的研 究人员，我相信，作为某些正念冥想练习的核心元素，冷静的发展会有所帮助)”可推知，作者在第一段提
出这一问题是为了引出文章主题——正念冥想有助于应对压力和痛苦。故选 A。
14 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Indeed, a 2022 study with more than 2,000 people demonstrated that those
participants who were publicly encouraged to push themselves into awkward,uncomfortable situations—including taking classes to boost self-confidence and reading about opposing viewpoints—later reported the greatest degree of personal growth.(事实上， 2022 年一项针对 2000 多人的研究表明，那些被公开鼓励让自己陷入尴尬、不 舒服的境地的参与者——包括参加课程来增强自信和阅读相反的观点——后来报告称个人成长程度最高)”
可知，面向不适和负面情绪的好处是它会带来个人成长。故选 C。
15 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous or painful
positions. (我并不是提倡人们将自己置于危险或痛苦的境地)”可知，作者并不提倡将自己置于危险或痛苦的
境地，因为这会存在危险。故选 B。
16 ．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. In addition, all of us can gain from finding ways
to cope with stress and suffering—particularly when larger circumstances are beyond our control. As a researcher
who has studied meditation (冥想) for more than 20 years, I believe that the development of calmness, a central
element of certain mindfulness meditation practices, can help.(一系列科学文章表明，接受不适或负面情绪是有 好处的。此外，我们所有人都可以从找到应对压力和痛苦的方法中获益——特别是当更大的情况超出我们 的控制范围时。作为一名研究冥想 20 多年的研究人员，我相信，作为某些正念冥想练习的核心元素，冷 静的发展会有所帮助)”可知，文章主要介绍了正念冥想可以帮助我们应对压力和痛苦， C 项“正念和冥想：
应对压力和痛苦的工具”适合作文章标题。故选 C。
17 ．A 18 ．B 19 ．D 20 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章推荐了一本自我提升类的书籍《被讨厌的勇气》。
17 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Recently I’ve been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and
hopefully make me a better “me”. The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can’t go past.(最近，我被一些书所吸引，它们能激励我审视自己，并希望能让我成为一个更好的“我”。 Ichiro Kishimi 和 Fumitake Koya 合著的《被讨厌的勇气》的书名让我无法忘怀)”以及最后一段“The Courage
to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.
(《被讨厌的勇气》可以激发你和自己的对话，做一些稍微不舒服的自我反省)”推知， 《被讨厌的勇气》属
于自我提升类书籍。故选 A。
18 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we
are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others’
expectations.(哲学家的角色坚持 Adler 的理论，并解释了我们如何有能力决定自己的生活，不受过去经验和 他人期望的影响)”可知，书中的哲学家认为人有能力决定自己的生活。因此，他应该会赞同的观点是“人们
可以主导自己的人生道路” 。故选 B。
19 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men.(这些通常很复杂的话题在两人之间以对话的方式展开)”可知，这本书是通过呈现对话的方式展开
的。故选 D。
20 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments.(这本书受到读者的广泛欢迎，主要是因为它在论证中呈现了
两个平衡的观点)”可知，这本书受欢迎是因为它为话题提供了平衡的观点。故选 C。
21 ．D 22 ．C 23 ．C 24 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现，尚未孵化的海鸟宝宝会通过振动蛋壳来与相邻蛋里的兄弟姐妹交
流。
21 ．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When exposed to the alarm calls of an adult bird responding to a
dangerous predator, developing chicks apparently were able to convey the presence of danger to their nest mates by vibrating inside their eggs.” （当雏鸟听到成年鸟对捕食者发出的警报时，发育中的雏鸟显然能够通过在蛋里 震动来向它们的同伴传达危险的存在。）可知，未孵出的小鸟震动蛋壳是警告其他同伴们有危险。故选 D
项。
22 ．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The team collected 9 yellow-legged gull eggs from Sálvora Island and sorted
them into nests of three. When the eggs were six days off hatching, two of the three eggs in each nest were
temporarily removed from the nest and exposed to either a recording of a predator alarm call or white noise each
day until the chicks hatched. The noise was delivered four times a day at random for three minutes at a time. The
third egg from each group remained in the nest.” （研究小组从 Sálvora 岛收集了 9 枚黄腿鸥蛋，并将它们分成 3 个巢。当蛋孵化六天后，每个巢中的三个蛋中的两个被暂时从巢中取出，每天暴露在捕食者的警报呼叫
或白噪音的录音中，直到小鸟孵出。这种噪音每天随机发出四次，每次三分钟。每组的第三个蛋留在巢
中。）可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程。故选 C 项。
23 ．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The third egg from each group remained in the nest.” （每组的第三个
蛋留在巢中。）及第四段“It was found that the embryos in the shells responded to the external alarm calls by
vibrating and sounding less, and that this message appeared to be passed on to the third nestmate. It was seen to
copy the vibrations. It experienced genetic changes and had an increase in the production of stress hormones as
well.” （研究发现，壳里的胚胎通过震动和发出更小的声音作为对外部警报的反应，而且这个信息似乎传递 给了第三个同巢伙伴。人们看到它复制了振动。它经历了遗传变化，并且应激激素的产生也增加了。）可 知，壳里的胚胎对外部警报发出震动，并把信息传递给留在巢中的伙伴（窝里的第三个蛋），随之它也发
生震动，并经历了遗传变化。故 It 指代“ 窝里的第三个蛋” 。故选 C 项。
24 ．细节理解题。根据第五段“This kind of communication—embryo to embryo—can generate developmental changes that can have potential benefits to the birds after hatching”（这种胚胎与胚胎之间的交流可以产生发育 变化，这对孵化后的鸟类有潜在的好处。）及第六段“A rise in stress hormones makes birds more aware of their surroundings after hatching. When hatched chicks were exposed to alarm sounds, it was found that those who had listened to the noises previously in the eggs were quicker to run away and hide.” （应激激素的增加使鸟类在孵化
后更加了解周围的环境。当孵出的雏鸟听到警报声时，那些之前在蛋里听过声音的小鸟更快地逃跑和躲藏
起来。）可知，未孵化的小鸟培养分享信息的能力有助于它们在孵化后更好地适应环境。 故选 B 项。
25 ．C 26 ．D 27 ．B 28 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着 Netflix 等在线流媒体服务的发展，字幕已经成为一门艺术。
25 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Subtitles started out as an accessibility feature for deaf audiences, and to
translate foreign language films into your own. Of course, it’s not just deaf audiences that subtitles help. The
translated subtitles of foreign films are great for learning languages, letting you read and hear how it’s pronounced at the same time. Movie subtitles are written ahead of time, but subtitling for live TV has to be done in the moment as the person is speaking, so mistakes are likely to happen. (字幕最初是作为聋人观众的辅助功能，并将外文电 影翻译成自己的语言。当然，字幕不仅仅对聋哑人有帮助。外国电影的翻译字幕对学习语言很有帮助，可 以让你同时读和听它的发音。电影字幕是提前写好的，但是电视直播的字幕是在说话的时候写的，所以很
容易出现错误。 )”可知，作者在第二段想要传递的是字幕是重要的并且具有挑战性。故选 C。
26 ．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“In this scene, the characters were about to gasp-take in a short, sudden, and quick breath of air without speech or sound in the scene, you are able to tell people that atmosphere.(在这个场景 中，人物即将喘气——在没有语言和声音的情况下，短暂、突然、快速地吸一口气，你可以告诉人们那种 氛围。 )”可知， “gobsmacked silence”意为“ 目瞪口呆的沉默” ，由此可知，这个短语想要表达的是“感到惊讶
的” 。故选 D。
27 ．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““So when my colleague came up with that one, I definitely gave him a big thumb-up”, she said.(“所以当我的同事提出这个表达时，我肯定会给他竖起大拇指。 ”)”可推知， Karli 认为
他的团队工作做得非常好。故选 B。
28 ．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Karli belongs to a team of subtitlers who try to make their descriptions as
close as possible to the sounds they hear. Karli bases her descriptions on the film’s type. The sound effects needed for a thriller like Strange Things-creaking (吱嘎) stairs and sudden screams-are very different from the sounds used in historical period dramas. This influences the adjective Karli chooses to describe a sound.(Karli 属于一个字幕团 队，他们试图使他们的描述尽可能接近他们听到的声音。 Karli 的描述是基于这部电影的类型。像《怪奇物 语》这样的惊悚片所需的音效——楼梯吱吱作响和突然的尖叫声——与历史剧中使用的声音非常不同。这
影响了 Karli 选择用来描述声音的形容词。 )”可推知， Karli 可能会同意字幕需要准确地翻译声音。故选
D。
29 ．C 30 ．D 31 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 2023 年的一些杰出发明。
29 ．推理判断题。由文章 Whiter Paint 部分中“The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint
is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use
by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created
the paint. (白色建筑上的油漆会反射 80%到 90%的阳光。其余的光线使周围地区变暖，增加了空调费用。
但是，更白的油漆是由能更好地反射紫外线的化学物质制成的。它可以反射 98%的阳光，这可以减少 40% 的交流电使用。 “热量被反射到太空深处， ”普渡大学团队的负责人阮秀林说。 )”可知，这种白漆由能更好
地反射紫外线，让我们感觉更凉爽。故选 C。
30 ．细节理解题。由文章 Model A 部分中“In July, 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration gave Ale f
permission to take the vehicle on test flights. The company hopes to deliver the first Model A by 2026. (2023 年 7
月，美国联邦航空管理局允许波音公司进行试飞。该公司希望在 2026 年前交付第一辆 A 型车。 )”可知，
A 型车正在被测试。故选 D。
31 ．推理判断题。由文章 Whiter Paint 部分中“The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint
is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use
by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created
the paint. (白色建筑上的油漆会反射 80%到 90%的阳光。其余的光线使周围地区变暖，增加了空调费用。
但是，更白的油漆是由能更好地反射紫外线的化学物质制成的。它可以反射 98%的阳光，这可以减少 40% 的交流电使用。 “热量被反射到太空深处， ”普渡大学团队的负责人阮秀林说。 )”可知，这种白漆由能更好
地反射紫外线，让我们感觉更凉爽。由文章 Duolingo app 部分中“Now you can take music lessons on a
smartphone, using this app, which uses an on-screen piano to teach basics such as harmony and beat. (现在，你可 以使用这款应用在智能手机上上音乐课，它使用屏幕上的钢琴来教授和声和节拍等基础知识。 )”、由文章 Model A 部分中“Model A, developed by Ale f Aeronautics, is a two-seat all-electric vehicle with a flight range of
110 miles. (A 型由 Alef 航空公司开发，是一款双座全电动汽车，飞行距离为 110 英里。 )”、由文章
Moonwalkers 部分中“They let you walk normally—just faster and more easily. (它们能让你正常走路—— 只是
走得更快、更轻松。 )”可知，这些发明可以帮助我们过上更轻松的生活。故选 B。
32 ．D 33 ．B 34 ．C 35 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然过往的一些研究表明听音乐可以帮助人们提升工作表现，但
是作者对此充满怀疑，认为这些研究没有涉及复杂而有创造性的工作。
32 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“But is it true Does music really help us focus better on what we’re doing,
whether it’s memorizing text, studying complex topics, or writing projects (但这是真的吗？音乐真的能帮助我 们更好地专注于我们正在做的事情吗，无论是记忆课文，学习复杂的主题，还是写课题)”可知，作者对上 文提到的音乐可以提升注意力和生产力的研究结果提出了质疑，认为这可能并不适用于所有事情。由此可
知，作者对音乐能够提高注意力持怀疑态度。故选 D 项。
33 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Through a series of observations, there was an increase in the performance of workers when listening to music from loudspeakers. (通过一系列的观察，工人们在听扩音器播放的音乐时，
工作表现有所提高)”可知， 1972 年的这项研究发现听音乐提高了工人的工作效率。故选 B 项。
34 ．细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, this study was the daughter of its time, and was only used to study a
very specific and representative working context of the time: that of factories. Workforce tasks were repetitive,
predictable and boring, and the music acted as a stimulant of mental activity. (然而，这项研究是当时的产物，只 用于研究当时一个非常具体和具有代表性的工作环境：工厂。工作任务是重复的、可预测的和无聊的，音 乐起到了刺激精神活动的作用)”可知， 1972 年的这项研究有其时代局限性，其研究对象仅限于当时典型的
工厂的工作环境。故选 C 项。
35 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This was good news, but what about the most complex and creative jobs — those which cannot be carried out by machines What about studying complex academic programs, which cannot
be memorized literally but need to be understood and mentally worked on (这是个好消息，但对于那些最复
杂、最具创造性的工作——那些机器无法完成的工作——又该怎么办呢？那么学习复杂的学术课程呢？这 些课程不能逐字地记忆，而是需要理解和思考)”可知，作者对做复杂而有创造性的工作、学习复杂的学术 课程时，听音乐能否提升效果深感好奇。由此推知，接下来的段落应该会探讨听音乐如何影响这些有创造
性的工作。故选 A 项。
36 ．A 37 ．A 38 ．B 39 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国科学家利用氨基酸研制出了一种新型可降解的环保玻璃。
36 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed,
and fur grew back.(在那个月里，玻璃植入物在皮肤下降解，伤口愈合，毛又长出来了。 )”